NANOSAFE 2 Safe production and use of nanomaterials April 2005 April 2009

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1 NANOSAFE 2 Safe production and use of nanomaterials April 2005 April 2009 Frédéric Schuster Outline Origin of the integrated project General overview of the project Work in progress

2 The first step R&D on nanoparticles applications Nanoparticle toxicity Oxford university Medical research Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Jozef Stefan Institute Nanosafe Accompagnying measures for 5th FP GSF Assessment of risks induced by production and handling of nanoparticles Prof. Org.. of german engineers VDI Nanotube applications CEA Advanced synthesis processes for nanoparticles Safety measures Proposals for Handling processes Using rules Oxonica Coatings, bio-markers, cosmetics Nanogate Technologies Nanoparticules fabrication Coating developpement VTT Nanostructure synthesis

3 NANO 2004 & VDI publication

4 Overview of the NANOSAFE 2 integrated project

5 Advanced detection technologies (SP1) «Rapid in vitro toxicity screening» Secure integrated industrial systems (SP3) Data Base on Health effects Simulation Body distribution Production Processing Integration Nanosafe 2 NPs ΔU Explosivity tests (SP2) ΔP In line monitoring Environmental & Societal acceptability Recycling LCA Contribution to standardisation Training Communication (SP4)

6 The necessity of an integrated approach Dose response assessment SP2 Legal consideration SP4 Control options SP1 Hazard identification SP2 Risk Characterisation Risk management decision Exposure Assessment SP1 Economic factors SP3 Social factors SP4 Risk assessment Pro-active mechanism Risk management A consistent integrated approach from risk assessment to risk management

7 A multidiciplinary approach Industrial Manufacturers Nanoparticle Integrators Large Compagnies High Tech SME s Dissemination & Training Societal Acceptability Life Cycle Analysis Standardisation Protection of workers and environment Advanced detection and monitoring techniques & Characterisation technologies & Integrated production lines Research Pool Advanced risk screening tests Coordination CEA

8 Overview of the consortium

9 An opportunity for a cooperation at global level Univ. of Sherbrooke NanoQuébec Rice University Univ. of Beijing NEDO

10 Work in progress

11 SP1 Advanced detection & monitoring technologies

12 Advanced detection technologies Particle detection technique (on line) gas phase detection Existing equipment evaluation at Oxonica, Quinetiq, JSI, CEA, VTT TSI 3080 series Electrostatic Classifier TSI Model 3007 Condensation Particle Counter TSI 3090 Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Spectrometer DEKATI GRIMM SMPS Low pressure impactor berner type (>21 nm) TSI FMPS NSAM TEOM.

13 Advanced detection technologies New Detection Equipment at INERIS Light Induced Break Down Spectroscopy (LIBS) Chemical on-line analysis Based on Plasma spectroscopy Which can be remote (TRE-LIBS) as it is using an optical technique Generate a local plasma on a material using intense pulse laser Record spectra of plasma compounds using gated intensified CCD UV-IR Make a spectral analysis using NIST spectra (atom, molecule)

14 Advanced detection technologies Poly disperse particles flow Mono disperse flow Differential Mobility Analyser Poly disperse particles Production or air sampling LIBS Analysis Condensation Particles Counter Chemical identification number concentration Size distribution

15 Advanced detection technologies Peptide selection at CAESAR for selective particle detection in liquid

16 SP2 Risk screening tests

17 Risk screening tests Data collection at global level Other projects Miniaturised systems for toxicity screening HEALTH HAZARD Assessment Toxicity testing Limited number of nanoparticles Translocation model Kinetic model Carbon black Nanotubes (pure, funct.) TiO 2 Metal

18 Risk screening tests Simulation of body distribution Conc_venous lr_urine Time (min) Simulated concentration in venous blood Time (min) Simulated Intensity in urine region Simulated subject (Prediction)

19 Risk screening tests Microfluidic transport of culture medium and nanoparticles Confluent layer of human pulmonary epithelial cells Automated detection of nanoparticles that cross the cell layer Porous Si 3 N 4 membrane for cell culture

20 Risk screening tests Study Explosion Scale up effects Evaluate particle size dependence effects

21 SP3 Secure integrated industrial systems

22 Secure integrated industrial systems Nanoparticles confinements and protections at working place Design of 2 test benches reproducing the conditions of use for: - HEPA Filters media and cartridges for masks: negative pressure from front to back side of the media - Clothes and gloves: contact with nanoparticles on one side of the protection device Through diffusion test for clothes and gloves Carbon generator SMPS+C Test bench for filters media and cartridges for masks

23 Secure integrated industrial systems Liquid recovery of nanoparticles by produced by laser pyrolysis: Firsts tests of recovery filters Dry recovery Liquid recovery collector collector

24 Secure integrated industrial systems Design of Generic Liquid Recovery System Pilot unit of CEA Prod. rates: 1 kg/h for SiC nanoparticles

25 Secure integrated industrial systems Liquid recovery of TiO 2 nanoparticles synthesized by LP First test of recovery - bubbling in a liquid using ultrasonic - In-situ cleaning of filters using gas jets - pulverisation of liquid (at the end of the experiment) before after Recovery of a suspension of TiO 2 nanoparticles in water (+ dispers. agent) using the equipment designed at CEA

26 SP4 Societal & Environmental acceptability

27 EXTERNAL LIAISONS NANO- PARTICLES IUPAC Terminology committee (ICTNS) VAMAS TWA29 Materials properties at the nanoscale ISO/TC 24 Sieves, sieving and other sizing methods ISO/TC 147 Water quality ISO/TC 146 Air quality IEEE Nanotechnology working group ISO/TC 209 Clean rooms and associated controlled environments ISO/TC 94 Personal safety Protective clothing and equipment ASTM E56 CEN/TC 352 Nanotechnology Nanotechnologies ISO TC 229 Possible liaisons ISO/TC 47 Chemistry OECD Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Group on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology ISO/TC 135 Nondestructive testing Links to standardisation ISO/TC 201 Surface chemical analysis ISO/TC 212 Clinical laboratory testing and in vitro diagnostic test systems ISO/TC 194 Biological evaluation of medical devices ISO/TC 202 Micro-beam analysis RISK/HS&E ISO/TC 213 Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification METROLOGY AND CHARACTERIZATION

28 Training Courses at Master level (INERIS, Oxford) March 17, ISI, Nancy France - 3 h (20 students) Courses at Professional Level (INERIS, HSL, BGIA and ECRIN)

29 Raw material ressources metals & ceramics Liquid precursors Reactivegases Industrial liquid wastes biogases Dissolution & Liquid precursor synthesis Safe production of nanoparticles laser plasma CVD Pressure: mbar CO 2 Laser Flow of nanoparticles Flow of reactants Flame: C Solutions for recycling on a limited number of representative examples end of chain Conditionning & Net shape processing Use of residual wastes Separation / Machining MMC Gradient materials Automotive Use Construction Aeronautics Energy

30 web site: Communication at global level