We do Environment. Consulting and Development for the Maritime Sector

Transkript

1 We do Environment Consulting and Development for the Maritime Sector

2 Jura-netværket og Miljø-netværket Møde på Royal Arctic Line 28. maj 2013 Revideret udgave af præsentation fra THE 8 TH ANNUAL ARCTIC SHIPPING FORUM On the options for a PSSA in Greenland waters Presenter: Frank Stuer-Lauridsen, LITEHAUZ Maritime Environmental Consultants

3 Skal miljøet beskyttes mod skibsfart i Arktis? Grønne organisationer og visse lande mener en Arktisk Traktat er sagen. I Antarktisk gælder strenge regler syd for 60. breddegrad (zero emissions) Udnævnelse af Nordkalotten, Nordpolen, Polarhavet som beskyttet marint område, naturreservat, no-go-zone.. Dele af Arktisk Råd ønsker stærkere beføjelser. Andre mener kun kyststaterne har myndighed (The Arctic Five) 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 3

4 Definitions of Arctic 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 4

5 Why are Denmark and Greenland addressing environment and shipping? Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) s Key Finding No. 6: Reduced sea ice is very likely to increase marine transport and access to resources Summers without sea-ice in much or all of the Arctic Ocean may only be a few decades ahead in the future 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 5

6 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 6

7 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 7

8 Future arctic shipping lanes 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 8

9 Regional actors in environmental protection in polar regions Arctic Council: Canada, Denmark (including Greenland and the Faroe Islands), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Also Permanent Participants representing 4 mill. inhabitants Arctic Contaminants Action Program (ACAP) Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response (EPPR) Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG) Arctic Five s Ilulissat Declaration: Denmark, Norway, Russia, USA, Canada IMO, Arctic Council and other relevant international fora Five coastal states pledges cooperation 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 9

10 Environment and shipping in polar regions IMO Conventions, MARPOL and Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas IMO: Polar Code National protective legislation Arctic Council: AMSA report EIAs for oil and gas exploration 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 10

11 US CAN NOx ECA 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 11

12 Particularly Sensitive Sea Area IMO Resolution A.982(24) Ecological criteria Social, cultural and economic criteria Scientific and educational criteria Currently, 13 areas are IMO adopted PSSAs Associated Protective Measures (APMs) A PSSA can be protected by ships routing measures Special areas or more stringent measures under MARPOL Annexes I, II, IV or V, SOx or NOx emission control area under MARPOL Annex VI Other measures with identified legal basis 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 12

13 Particularly sensitive sea areas Sabana Camaguey, Cuba Baltic Sea, Int. Florida Keys, US Wadden Sea, Int. Papahanaumokuakea, Hawaii, US Western European, Int Malpelo Island, Columbia Galapagos, Ecuador Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, AUS and PNG Paracas, Peru Canary Islands, Spain 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 13

14 APMs used elsewhere 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 14

15 Increasing shipping activities in Greenland waters Exploration and exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources leading to traffic of drilling vessels, supply vessels, tugs and shuttle tankers; Increasing transportation of ore, minerals and supplies are expected with the exploitation of mineral resources; Increased cruise ship traffic, and The Northwest Passage s longer ice-free summer period (and maybe an ice free North Pole) 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 15

16 Antal Antal Traffic increase Krydstogtskibe i Grønland Skibe i Greenpos Årstal /7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 16

17 Traffic intensity in Greenland 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 17

18 Responsibilities in Greenland MAP OF GREENLAND 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 18

19 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 19

20 Case: PSSAs in Greenland Not unlikely that impacts from shipping operation and risk of accidents will be ameliorated by altered protection status Particularly sensitive sea area status is one of the options MARPOL special area status is another 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 20

21 Mulige tiltag Indenskærs beskyttet område (indenfor 3 sømilegrænse) Udenskærs beskyttet område (udenfor 3 sømilegrænse) Trafikintenst område Trafiksvagt område 1 MARPOL Olie og Affald; skibsmeldesystem, ATBA, anbefalede spor, trafikseparation, kystzone, ikke-ankringsområde 3 MARPOL Olie og Affald; skibsmeldesystem, ATBA, anbefalede spor, ikkeankringsområde 2 4 MARPOL Olie og Affald; skibsmeldesystem, ATBA, ikkeankringsområde MARPOL Olie og Affald; skibsmeldesystem, ATBA, ikkeankringsområde 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 21

22 APMs to be considered in an area of low traffic intensity Routing measures Areas to be avoided Reporting system MARPOL Annex I Oil Annex V Garbage Annex VI SOx and NOx? 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 22

23 Assessing economic impact of PSSA Activities and resources Quantification Build scenarios with APMs Estimate costs Choose APMs 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 23

24 Sensitive environments in Greenland Oil spill sensitivity mapping of environments Shoreline sensitivity index Offshore sensitivity ranking Ranking elements Human use Archaeological sites Special status areas Communities (Marine) Oil residency index Main species sensitivity and abundance 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 24

25 National Park of North and East Greenland and other special status areas 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 25

26 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 26

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28 Areas considered EBSA 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 28

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30 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 30

31 Potential for oil and gas 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 31

32 Natural resources Halibut catch 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 32

33 Examples of cost of APMs Cost in shipping related sectors Lost of revenue in other sectors Costs (USD/year) Total Costs (USD/year) Total Ship reporting system 40,000 Routing measures ATBA 100,000 Surveying New surveying per chart 800,000 MARPOL: Annex I (reception facilities) 500,000 Annex VI SOx ECA (fuel cost) 2,000,000 Annex VI NOx ECA (Tier III) per engine 800,000 Hunting and fishing: 10% of catch of halibut in Westgreenland 10% of catch of shrimp in Westgreenland Oil and gas: Licenses (value of 1 exploration well) Lost direct taxes and levies due to lack of production Loss in the development period (2-4 years) Loss during the period of operation (50 years) 2,000,000 10,000, ,000, ,000,000 31,000,000 22,000,000 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 33

34 Something of the future? 6/7/2013 EMUC Miljø- og Juranetværk RAL 34