The effects of occupant behaviour on energy consumption in buildings

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1 The effects of occupant behaviour on energy consumption in buildings Rune Vinther Andersen, Ph.D. International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy

2 Baggrund 40 % af USA's samlede energiforbrug sker i bygninger I EU er det 41 % Opvarmning, køling, ventilation og belysning står for 27 % af det samlede energiforbrug i USA Projektering af nye bygninger Brugernes adfærd? Meget få modeller af brugernes adfærdsmønstre Udelukkende baseret på termisk indeklima Vindues åbning Opvarmning Commercial buildings 18% Residential buildings 22% Solafskærm ning Adfærdsm rdsmønstre påvirker p energiforbrug med op til 300 % Belysning Industry 32% Transportati on 28% 2 DTU Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

3 Questionnaire survey Two surveys to the same respondents Summer and winter Questions about the state of the dwelling Is the window open? Is the heating on? Is the light on? Is the solar shading in use? Perceived Indoor environment Physical data on each dwelling from a Danish national register (BBR) Area, age, heating type, constructions Weather data from the Danish Meteorological Institute 3 DTU Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

4 Window opening Variable (Reference) Level/Unit OR Outdoor Temperature -3 C to 20 C 1.11 The behaviour is affected by many variables not just temperature Ownership (rented) Solar radiation (none) Rented 1 Private 0.48 Other 0.40 None 1 Low (0 to 100 W/m²) 1.53 Floor area log(m²) DTU Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

5 Measurements in dwellings Six months of monitoring in 15 dwellings Measurements in Living room and bedroom in each dwelling Temperature Relative humidity Illumination CO 2 concentration Window open/closed Window opening angle (only 3 windows) Heating set-point Weather data from Danish Meteorological institute Outcome: Model of behaviour Probability of opening and closing a window (change of state) Model of window opening angle Model of heating set-point Implementation in IDA ICE 5 DTU Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

6 Behaviour model used in simulations Window opening and heating set-point Model from monitoring Based on Thermal environment IAQ (CO 2 concentration) weather Reference simulation Based on thermal environment Consultant approach 6 DTU Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

7 Simulations - results Case vs. Reference simulation Higher temperature Higher air change rate 3 times as high heat consumption 7 DTU Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

8 Adfærdsændringer som energispareredskab? Er det muligt at opnå energibesparelser ved at facilitere adfærdsændringer? Kan information fra bygningssystemer får beboere til at ændre vaner? 8 DTU Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

9 Interview af lejere Kender beboerne konsekvenserne af deres adfærd? Meget begrænset viden om eget forbrug Kun én lejer vidste hvor meget han brugte Mange klager over høj varmeregning 81% mente at deres forbrug var under middel 60 % var lavere end gennemsnittet 700 % forskel på højeste og laveste forbrug 9 DTU Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

10 Fremtidige planer Kan direkte information om konsekvenser af handlinger resultere i ændrede vaner? Kan information om aktuel pris på varme og råd om adfærd facilitere ændring i vaner? 10 DTU Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

11 Summary Behaviour has a major impact on indoor environment and energy consumption in buildings Behaviour patterns different from one dwelling to another Behaviour patterns affected by many variables not only temperature Model of behaviour patterns for simulation purposes Higher energy consumption than conventional consultant approach Can behaviour changes save energy without affecting comfort or quality of life? 11 DTU Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

12 Thank you for your attention! International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy

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