Militærprodukter vs. kommercielle produkter - og hvordan det ikke kun handler om MIL-standarder

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1 Militærprodukter vs. kommercielle produkter - og hvordan det ikke kun handler om MIL-standarder

2 Michael Andersen Senior Technical Product Manager, Radar, Programs & Systems Member of ETSI, EuroCAE, SPM Terma A/S Hovmarken 4, 8520 Lystrup, Denmark E mia@terma.com T November

3 The Business Areas Command, Control & Sensor Systems Airborne Systems Global Support & Services Command and control systems for naval and air defense and protection of critical infrastructure. Radars for small target detection in extreme weather conditions. Advanced combat proven airborne solutions. Through Life Support: Maintenance planning and execution, periodic health checks, service sales, test equipment, and consumables. Aerostructures Space Revenue per BA AES SPD 154,410 CCS 316, ,318 Advanced composite and metal structures for commercial and military aircraft. All phases of space missions lifecycle, from feasibility studies, realization, and operation, to the exploitation of results. GSS 104, ,622 ASY MDKK 16 November

4 Command, Control & Sensor Systems The world s largest supplier of surveillance radars Our Surface Movement Radar systems provide ground safety in 140 airports in over 40 countries. More than 2,500 SCANTER radar systems around the world improve safety at airports, harbors, coast lines, wind farms, and at sea. 2,500+ worldwide radar installations 16 November

5 Command, Control & Sensor Systems Protecting the Maritime Domain Our Command, Control & Sensor systems help maritime and naval forces plan, coordinate, and execute missions with increased effectiveness. Terma s CCS solutions secure the maritime domain and contribute to efficient and safe execution of maritime operations. 16 November

6 Command, Control & Sensor Systems Critical Infrastructure Protection T.react CIP Terma s T.react CIP is the world s most advanced intelligent wide area perimeter detection solution. T.React CIP provides a single coherent surveillance image of activities in a given area. T.react CIP provides security, situational awareness, and control. 16 November

7 Airborne Systems Aircraft self-protection Systems 3D-Audio and Active Noise Reduction Applied Aerostructures Electronic Manufacturing Services Survivability Terma protects the lives of pilots The Terma aircraft self-protection solutions are fielded internationally on more than 2,500 military aircraft of which 1,000 are U.S. Our systems help keep the pilot safe whether it is a transportation aircraft flying humanitarian aid, a fighter jet or a helicopter supporting troops on international missions. Fielded on 2,500+ military aircraft PHOTO COURTESY OF KIM HANSEN 16 November

8 Aerostructures AIR-TO-GROUND PYLONS GUN POD DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE CENTER FUSELAGE PANELS RADAR ELECTRONICS TAIL SKINS & SPARS LEADING EDGES TEST PODS Terma is part of the world s largest industrial project Terma manufactures advanced composite and metal aerostructures for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, including leading edges, tail skins, fuselage panels, gun pod, and air-to-ground pylons. Terma is a major strategic supplier to the program and provides world-class, high-tech solutions at competitive prices and conditions. 14,000+ F-16 pylons delivered PHOTO COURTESY OF LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTICS 16 November

9 COTS og MIL Militære kunder har færre penge end før Den teknologiske udvikling er ikke længere drevet af militære behov Militæret ønsker også fordelene ved den rivende teknologiudvikling indenfor IT & tele Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) produkter Civile styresystemer som f.eks. Linux eller Java Civil hardware ( processorer / PC er / komponenter ) MEN Der er stadig et behov for at leve op til det miljø som et produkt møder i militær anvendelse! 16 November

10 CE mærkning af MIL produkter? Behov for CE mærkning af militære produkter blev uddybet af den europæiske kommission April 2012 med følgende statement: Equipment which falls within the scope of the R&TTE Directive, EMC Directive or Low Voltage Directive, shall be compliant with the applicable Directive(s) and bear CE marking. Dvs. det er scope i de individuelle direktiver som tæller: LVD, EMCD har ingen undtagelse for militært udstyr RED har undtagelser for rent militære og national sikkerheds-anvendelser MEN: CE mærkning betyder ikke nødvendigvis efter civile standarder! Men det betyder at direktiverne skal være opfyldt (LVD, EMC osv.) Dette er dog et omstridt punkt idet MIL-verdenen ikke kan lide visse dele af de civile krav. f.eks: RoHS-kompatible overfladebehandlinger Sikkerhed tænkes der relativt mindre på i militære produkter ifht. civile 16 November

11 Civil kontra militære kunder/produkter Civil Godkendelse Militær godkendelse Producent Producent Myndighed / Certificering / Godkendelse Kunde Kunde I den militære verden kan man ofte nøjes med at tilfredsstille kundens krav til test og dokumentation. Modsat i den civile verden hvor man for at markedsføre skal leve op til en mængde myndighedskrav, certificeringer, godkendelser mm. 16 November

12 Civil kontra militære kunder/produkter I den militære verden arbejder man efter et kravssæt som kunden vælger Nogen kalder de militære design-håndbøger ud (f.eks. MIL-HDBK-454) som refererer til hele hierarkiet af MIL-Standarder - > den er lidt træls Andre angiver nogle specifikke standarder de ønsker overholdt Man bruger ikke nødvendigvis nyeste version af en MIL standard! Ofte er et skib eller fly designet efter en bestemt revision af standarden og man siger at det er det miljø man skal designe til F16 er oprindeligt designet efter MIL-STD-461C så mange reservedele og upgraderinger bruger stadig denne Vi har kontrakter til militære skibe som ønskes til bestemte revisioner af MIL-STD-461 Militære produkter har ofte ikke lige så høje krav til sikkerhed som civile Her er civile standarder klart mere fremskredne Der er mange forskellige lande med egne MIL standarder! Hvilke der er aktuelle afhænger af kunden 16 November

13 Eksempel på forskellige MIL standarder til samme radar 16 November

14 Opkvalificering af kommercielle produkter Ofte vil man kunne sælge et civilt produkt til militære kunder ved at indføre nogle tillægskrav / Specielle miljøkrav Kunne være højere EMC indstrålingskrav for udendørs udstyr (200 V/m i visse sammenhæng) Temperaturområde (varmere/koldere/fugtigere driftsmiljø mm.) Mekaniske krav (f.eks. shock-test) Ruggedizing af civilt udstyr til militært brug Gennemføre tilpasninger i produktet som støttelimning, indkapsling, forbedret køling, tilpassede filtre osv. Screening af civilt udstyr til militært brug En anden metode er at udføre en screening teste om individuelle varer opfylder testkrav - Dette anvendes ofte på civile elektroniske komponenter 16 November

15 Overview of Some Relevant Standards Environment Standards Civillian Maritime Environment -> IMO resolutions -> IEC Military Naval Environment Standards We mosty use MIL-STD-810 There are also: STANAG 4370 UK MoD Defence Standard French GAM EG 13 And many other local standards EMC Standards IEC (the most used for Terma radar products) MIL-STD-461 (tougher to pass than 945 or CE-mark especially outdoor req.) Def Stan Power Supply Standards IEC (maritime operation most used for Terma radars) MIL-STD-1399 / STANAG 1008 (Naval Power Supply Interface) MIL-STD-704 (Military Aircraft) MIL-STD-1275 (28VDC in Military Vehicles) System Design Standards MIL-HDBK-454 General Guidelines for Electronic Equipment MIL-HDBK-5400 Airborne Equipment 16 November

16 A quick look at some relevant MIL standards 16 November 2016

17 MIL-STD-461 ElectroMagnetic Compatibility 16 November

18 MIL-STD-461G Overview 16 November

19 MIL-STD-461G Overview 16 November

20 Comparison between EMC-standards IEC and MIL-STD-461 (Naval category) - IEC60945 requirements correspond to IEC /IEC levels 16 November

21 Comparison between EMC-standards IEC and MIL-STD November

22 Comparison between EMC-standards IEC and MIL-STD-461 Immunity Name of Test Electrostatic Discharge Magnetic fields Radiated Susceptibility Electrical Fast Transient Surge Transients Conducted Susceptibility Voltage Dips and Interruptions Standards applicable per IEC standards Test Method IEC IEC IEC IEC IEC IEC IEC Actual Test levels for the Scanter 6002 ±4kV Contact discharge ±8kV Air discharge 50/60Hz 30A/m 80 % AM, 400Hz 80MHz 2GHz : 10 V/m 2,0Hz 2,7GHz : 1 V/m AC power-port ± 2 kv Signal & data lines ± 2 kv (Only wires >3m) ±2kV AC line/earth ±1kV AC line/line ±1kV Signal lines Open circuit AC power: 10 VRMS 80 % AM 150kHz 80MHz Sep. earth con: 10 VRMS 80 % AM 150kHz 80MHz Signal & data: 10 VRMS 80 % M 150kHz 80MHz (only cables > 3 m) 0% Volt. For 20ms (1 cycle) 40% Volt./200ms (@ 50Hz) 70% Volt./500ms (@ 50Hz) 0 % Volt./5s (@ 50Hz) ±10% Freq. for 5s (IEC60945 req) ±20% Volt. For 1,5s (IEC60945 reg) MIL-STD-461E Requirements for Surface Ships Name of Test n/a RS101 RS103 n/a n/a CS101 n/a Level and Limit n/a 30Hz 100kHz 170 -> 110 dbpt 2MHz 18GHz 10V/m (internal) 200V/m (external) n/a n/a 30Hz-150kHz 136 -> dbuv injected (6.3 -> 0.2V) n/a Comparison Not covered in MIL- 461E MIL exceeds IEC requirements in terms of frequency range and level MIL exceeds IEC requirements in terms of frequency range and level. Not covered in MIL- 461E Not covered in MIL- 461E Frequency range and test-level covered by the CE requirement is superior to the MIL- 461-E. Not covered in MIL- 461E 16 November

23 Comparison between EMC-standards IEC and MIL-STD-461 Emission Name of Test Current Harmonics Voltage Fluctuations Conducted Emission Conducted Emission (Ant. teminal) Standards applicable per IEC standards Test Method IEC IEC CISPR CISPR ITU-1541 ITU-329 Actual Test levels for the Scanter 6002 See Error! Reference Harmonic Currents source not found.1 and Error! (equip. Reference <16A) source not found.2 below Induced mains voltage fluctuations and flicker, 0-2kHz Freq. range 150kHz-30MHz Meas. BW 9 khz, Quasi Peak kHz : dbuv 0,5 5MHz : 56 dbuv 5 30MHz : 60 dbuv 6 26 GHz -82dBc spurious MIL-461E Requirements for Surface Ships Name of Test n/a n/a CE102 CE106 n/a n/a RE101 Level and Limit n/a n/a 10kHz 10MHz Limits depend on AC voltage (230V after isolation transformer/440 V before) GHz -80dBc spurious Magnetic field 30Hz-100kHz 160 -> 76 dbpt Comparison Not covered in MIL- 461E Not covered in MIL- 461E MIL exceeds IEC requirements in terms of lower frequency range; IEC requirements exceeds MIL requirements in higher frequency range. Levels are in same area. Comparable limits No IEC requirements on magnetic field except Compass safe distance. Radiated Emission CISPR Freq. range: 30MHz-1000MHz. Measuring BW 120 khz, 10m MHz: 30 dbµv/m MHz: 37 dbµv/m RE102 Electric field 10kHz-18GHz 100 -> 36 -> 82 dbµv/m (Vshape in frequency) MIL exceeds IEC requirements in terms of frequency range. However, requirements for higher frequencies on antenna port handled via ITU spectrum recommendations. 16 November

24 The New MIL-STD-461G What is new Evolutionary update 16 November

25 MIL-STD-461G Whats New FFT Receivers Are Now Permitted For Use FFT techniques provide a significant reduction in measurement time over conventional analyzers and receivers, and can be used to capture frequency agile signals that jump around in a designated frequency band The bandwidth and measurement time table has been updated accordingly Interconnecting cable routing now specified for floor standing equipment Specific cabling requirements for equipment setups in order to help standardize RF coupling paths More types of equipment cabinet types included Test Method CS106 (Transients Power Leads) has been removed Test method CS106 has been removed from the applicable test requirements for Navy ships and submarines Addition of Test Method CS117 Conducted Susceptibility, Lightning Induced Transients, Cables and Power Leads 16 November

26 MIL-STD-461G Whats New Addition of Test Method CS118 Personnel Borne Electrostatic Discharge based upon IEC Test Method CS114 Conducted Susceptibility Field calibration procedure and verification check updated Updates to measurement method of bulk cable injection (now inductively coupled) Test Methods RE102 and RS103 Technical Updates MIL-STD-461G now requires testing to 18 GHz regardless of the EUT s highest generated frequency or installation platforms RE102 now includes new antenna positioning requirements above 200 MHz for freestanding and tall equipment Test Method CE106 (Conducted Emissions Antenna Terminal) updated New definition of the used band where transmissions are allowed (for a radio transmitter) Updated requirements for 2 nd and 3 rd harmonics 16 November

27 MIL-STD-810 Miljøteststandard 16 November

28 MIL-STD-810 Overview 16 November

29 MIL-STD-810 Overview 16 November

30 MIL-STD-810 Climatic Categories 16 November

31 Shipping, Transport, Storage 16 November

32 Intended Use Category 16 November

33 MIL-STD-810 Common Misconceptions Common misconceptions: Compliant to MIL-STD-810 means nothing without referring to Use Category / Climatic Category MIL-STD-810 does not neccesarily mean tougher than civillian testing Practical Approach: Translate existing requirements into the MIL-STD-810 world Specify MIL-STD-810 categories from begin Market survey / costomer needs Likely markets / climate zones / uses Important to make requirement work BEFORE design! 16 November

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