PAR Visit from KU. PAR Visit from KU Carsten Dam-Hansen, DTU Fotonik, 1. LED ens historie

Transkript

1 PAR Visit from KU Carsten Dam-Hansen, DTU Fotonik LED ens historie 1962 N. Holonyak (GE) første praktiske LED 1920 erne rødt lys O.V. Losev observede lys emission 1907 H.J. Round Første rapport om fra SiC og ZnO lysende halvleder forbindelse ~ 303 lm/w S. Nakamura (Nichia) Blå LED af InGaN fosforescerence coating hvid LED 1972 Blå lys observeret i GaN Reference: pinolpære ved 2200 K 2014 hvide LED med hvide LED med ~ 130 lm/w LED teknologi Materialet bestemmer farven LED teknologi, hvide LEDer Elektroluminicense 5 mm LED (~ 0.06 W, ~ 2-5 lm) Fordele: kompakte, robuste enheder med høj lysstrøm høj energieffektivitet ingen IR-stråling og UV-stråling lang levetid timer kan dæmpes/styres farvede lyskilder System effektivitet 230 V Driver/transformer ca. 10 % 25 C 100 lm/w Lysfølsomhed Øjets lysfølsomhed Måles i lumen og effektivitet i [lm/w] Køling, LED varmes op ca. 15 % tab Optik/skærm til styring af lysfordelingen ca. 15 % tab Effektivitet: lm/w Planters lysfølsomhed Måles i antal fotoner E = hc/ Effektivitet i [µmol/s/w] Carsten Dam-Hansen, DTU Fotonik, cadh@fotonik.dtu.dk 1

2 PAR vs. Radiometry and Photometry Radiometry Photometry Power Radiant flux Φ e Luminous flux Φ v lumen [lm] Power/solid angle (intensity) Radiant intensity I e = Φ e / Ω [W/sr] Luminous Intensity I v = Φ v / Ω candela [cd = lm/sr] A Recieved power density Irradiance E e= Φ e / A [W/m 2 ] Illuminance E v = Φ v / A lux [lx = lm/m 2 ] A Intensity per projected surface Radiance L e= I e / A [(W/sr)/m 2 )] Luminance L v= I v / A nit [cd/m 2 ] Photometric example Consider a point light source: Luminous Intensity I v = 1 cd In all directions Consider the soild angle of 1 steradian, i.e. an area of 1 m 2 at a distance 1 m from source: This area is then illuminated by the luminous flux, Φ v, of 1 lumen: The illuminance, E v, on this area is then 1 lux: PAR Photosynthetic photon flux [μmol/s] Photosynthetic photon intensity [μmol/s sr] Photosynthetic photon flux density [μmol/s m 2 ] The total luminous flux in all directions is 4π lumen, or lumen. Colorimetry Colorimetry Chromaticity coordinates: X x X Y Z Y y X Y Z Z z X Y Z x y z 1 CIE 1931 (x,y)-chromaticity diagram. Monocromatic colors follows the perimeter of the diagram (the spectral locus). (x,y) and the luminance Y gives a full description of the color. Test facilities Sphere spectroradiometer 1m and 2m sphere Total and total forward flux Test facilities Near field goniophotometer photo- color- spectro- meter Total spectral flux Total Luminous flux [lm] Total Photosynthetic photon flux Power consumption Efficiency, luminous [lm/w] Efficiency, Photosynthetic photon flux Total Luminous flux [lm] Power consumption Efficiency, luminous [lm/w] Ligth intensity distribution (LID) [cd] Color XYZ and CCT vs angle SPD vs angle Photosynthetic photon intensity [µmol/s/sr] vs angle Carsten Dam-Hansen, DTU Fotonik, cadh@fotonik.dtu.dk 2

3 LED effektivitet Effektivitet som funktion af strøm, red rebel 640 nm og 660 nm (2008) LED effektivitet Effektivitet som funktion af strøm, red rebel 640 nm og 660 nm (2008) 3.5 Rebel Red LXML-PD #1/5 Rebel 660 nm LXML-PD01-xxxx #1/ Rebel Red LXML-PD #1/5 Rebel 660 nm LXML-PD01-xxxx #1/ Spectral radiant flux [W/nm] Rebel Red LXML-PD #1/ ma [mol/s] I op [ma] Wavelength [nm] Rebel Red LXML-PD #1/ ma 1.2 Rebel 660 nm LXML-PD01-xxxx #1/ ma I op [ma] Wavelength [nm] Spectral radiant flux [W/nm] Efficiency [mol s -1 W -1 ] Royal blue LED 450 nm Datablad: Φ [mw] Deep red LED 660 nm (Osram, Philips, LED Engin) Datablad: Φ [mw] 3,73 µmol/s/w opt 0,121 µmol/s/lm 5,49 µmol/s/w opt 0,111 µmol/s/lm Far red LED 735 nm (LED Engin) High pressure sodium HPS Datablad: Φ [mw] NB kun nm: 0,366 µmol/s/w opt 0,266 µmol/s/lm 3,35 µmol/s/w opt 0,0121 µmol/s/lm 6% 75% 19% Carsten Dam-Hansen, DTU Fotonik, cadh@fotonik.dtu.dk 3

4 Varm white LED 2660 K Ra = 82 Neutral white LED 4650 K, Ra = 82 4,63 µmol/s/w opt 0,0152 µmol/s/lm 4,48 µmol/s/w opt 0,0141 µmol/s/lm 7% 53% 40% 21% 56% 23% Cold white LED 6764 K, Ra = 74 HPS lamper Philips Horticulture lamps 4,36 µmol/s/w opt 0,0142 µmol/s/lm 30% 56% 15% Navn P [lm] [lm/w] Agrolite XT ,9 Greenpower ,9 Greenpower ,8 SON Agro ,6 LED komponenter LED komponenter Philips LUXEON Rebel direct color Farve P Royal blue LXML-PR Royal blue LXML-PR * Deep red LXM3-PD [mw] I op = C I op = 700 ma P [mw] 1, ,9 1,8 2, ,4 1, , ,2 2,0 0, ,0 2,6 1, ,0 2,4 Farve Varm white XPGWHT-L EE7 Neutral white XPGWHT-L FE4 Cold white XPGWHT-L H51 P v 25 C I op = 350 ma P v [lm] I op = 700 ma 1, ,7 1,6 2, ,2 1,4 1, ,7 1,6 2, ,2 1,4 1, ,0 1,9 2, ,7 1,7 Carsten Dam-Hansen, DTU Fotonik, cadh@fotonik.dtu.dk 4

5 Characterisation of luminaries Characterisation of 13 toplighting luminaries covering new BR LED luminaires, white LED light luminaires, different types of HPS luminaires and an induction lamp. Greenhouse LEDs 1,10 m Luminous eff flux [lm] Luminous flux [lm] /LU Power [µmol /sw] Lamp Type L3 ID sphere goniocolorimetric [µmol /s] M ratio Fiona Lighting (Sunlight) LED L , ,0 437,8 0, ,00 1,13 Valoya Bar 120 LED L ,2 97,1 0, ,4 0,96 Fiona Lighting (BR) LED L ,0 8670,0 783,0 0, ,00 2,00 HPS old HPS L ,0 637,3 0, ,00 1,00 HPS lights interaction HPS L ,0 956,1 0, ,00 1,48 HPS HPS L ,0 987,9 0, ,00 1,55 Hesa 1 LED L ,0 77,5 0,086 49,60 1,56 HPS growlight, HPS L , ,0 619,0 0, ,5 1,40 Philips, 400W Fionia LED L , ,4 956,9 0, ,7 1,90 Induktion Induction L , ,0 308,3 0, ,1 0,73 Philips Growlight LED L ,0 3340,0 254,0 0, ,00 2,00 Philips Growlight LED L ,0 4520,0 459,0 0, ,00 2,40 HPS bulb HPS L ,0 1161,0 0, ,00 1,83 Hesa 2 LED L ,0 252,5 0, ,70 1,43 Greenhouse LEDs 1,10 m Greenhouse LEDs Fionia luminaire HPS lights interaction = 783 µmol/s P = 382 W η = 2.0 µmol/sw PPI max = 417 µmol/s sr = 956 µmol/s P = 646 W η = 1.5 µmol/sw PPI max = 527 µmol/s sr Carsten Dam-Hansen, DTU Fotonik, cadh@fotonik.dtu.dk 5

6 Philips growlight Characterisation of luminaries = 457 µmol/s P = 192 W η = 2.4 µmol/sw PPI max = 190 [µmol/s sr] total spectral flux and power consumption, the photosynthetic photon flux efficiency and luminous efficiency [lm/w] is calculated. The ratio between photosynthetic photon flux and luminous flux have been determined. Luminous eff flux [lm] Luminous flux [lm] /LU Power [µmol /sw] Lamp Type L3 ID sphere goniocolorimetric [µmol /s] M ratio Fiona Lighting (Sunlight) LED L , ,0 437,8 0, ,00 1,13 Valoya Bar 120 LED L ,2 97,1 0, ,4 0,96 Fiona Lighting (BR) LED L ,0 8670,0 783,0 0, ,00 2,00 HPS old HPS L ,0 637,3 0, ,00 1,00 HPS lights interaction HPS L ,0 956,1 0, ,00 1,48 HPS HPS L ,0 987,9 0, ,00 1,55 Hesa 1 LED L ,0 77,5 0,086 49,60 1,56 HPS growlight, HPS L , ,0 619,0 0, ,5 1,40 Philips, 400W Fionia LED L , ,4 956,9 0, ,7 1,90 Induktion Induction L , ,0 308,3 0, ,1 0,73 Philips Growlight LED L ,0 3340,0 254,0 0, ,00 2,00 Philips Growlight LED L ,0 4520,0 459,0 0, ,00 2,40 HPS bulb HPS L ,0 1161,0 0, ,00 1,83 Hesa 2 LED L ,0 252,5 0, ,70 1,43 Simulering Simulering Simulation models of the greenhouse setups at KU Simulering Levetid 1,10 m 1,40 m Lysstrømsnedgang over tid: L70 operationstid over hvilken lysstrømmen falder til 70 % af startværdien Fejlende lyskilder: B50 tid indenfor hvilken der er 50% fejlende lyskilder Carsten Dam-Hansen, DTU Fotonik, cadh@fotonik.dtu.dk 6