Muslingeovervågning 2007 Fødevaresikkerhed. Rapport-del. Shellfish monitoring and management 2007 Food safety. Report

Transkript

1 Muslingeovervågning 2007 Fødevaresikkerhed Rapport-del Shellfish monitoring and management 2007 Food safety Report

2 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 2 Udarbejdet for:, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860 Søborg Udarbejdet af: Bjarne Ring Thorbjørnsen, Fødevareregion Vest, Kontrolafdeling Viborg Charlotte Sporon-Fiedler, Kevin Jørgensen, Fødevareinstituttet, DTU Per Andersen, OrbiconILeif Hansen A/S Analysearbejde udført af: Fødevareinstituttet, DTU, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860 Søborg. Orbicon A/S, afd. 132, Jens Juuls Vej 18, 8260 Viby J. LAB Research, Hestehavevej 36A, Ejby, 4623 Lille Skensved. Højmarklaboratoriet a. s., Adelvej 11, Højmark, 6940 Lem St. Fødevareregion Syd, mikrobiologisk laboratorium i Esbjerg, Høgevej 25, 6705 Esbjerg Ø. Fødevareregion Nord, mikrobiologisk laboratorium Aalborg, Sofiendalsvej 90, 9200 Aalborg SV. AnalyCen A/S, Vesterballevej 4, 7000 Frederecia. Statistik: John Pedersen, Orbicon A/S, Jens Juuls Vej 18, 8260 Viby J Rentegning: Kirsten Nygaard, Orbicon A/S, Jens Juuls Vej 18, 8260 Viby J Redigering: Gitte Spanggaard, Orbicon A/S, Jens Juuls Vej 18, 8260 Viby J Dato: ISBN: (elektronisk) Pub. Nr.: ISSN: (algetoksiner i muslinger)

3 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 3 INDHOLDSFORTEGNELSE SAMMENFATNING OG ANBEFALINGER... 5 ENGLISH SUMMARY... 9 FORORD OVERVÅGNINGENS FORMÅL OVERVÅGNINGSSYSTEMET Lovgivningsmæssige grundlag Opdeling i produktionsområder Overvågningsprocedure Udtag og indsendelse af prøver Åbning af produktionsområder Skærpet overvågning eller lukning Påvisning af algetoksiner i muslinger Rense- og konditionerings- og udsandingsanlæg Undersøgelse af vandprøver for forekomst af alger Prøvetagning Kvalitative undersøgelser Kvantitative undersøgelser Undersøgelse af algernes toksinindhold Undersøgelse af muslinger for forekomst af algetoksiner Musetest Kemiske analyser Databehandling og lagring Grænseværdier Alger Omkostninger i forbindelse med overvågningen Arbejdsgruppe vedrørende toksindannende alger OVERSIGT OVER GEOGRAFISK OG TIDSMÆSSIG UDBREDELSE AF POTENTIELT TOKSISKE ALGER OG ALGETOKSINER Restriktioner i forbindelse med fiskeriet Tidsmæssig og geografisk udbredelse af algetoksiner Limfjorden og Mariager Fjord (Hovedområde I) Algernes geografiske og tidsmæssige udbredelse Lukninger, skærpet overvågning og forekomst af toksiner i muslinger Administrative reguleringer Delkonklusion Kattegat Nord (Hovedområde II) Jyllands Østkyst syd for Djursland og Fyn (Hovedområde III) Algernes geografiske og tidsmæssige udbredelse Lukninger, skærpet overvågning og forekomst af toksiner i muslinger Administrative reguleringer Delkonklusion Nord- og Vest Sjælland (Hovedområde IV) Algernes geografiske og tidsmæssige udbredelse Lukninger, skærpet overvågning og forekomst af toksiner i muslinger Administrative reguleringer Delkonklusion Sjælland Syd (hovedområde V) Vadehavet, Nordsøen og Jyllands Vestkyst (Hovedområde VI) Algernes geografiske og tidsmæssige udbredelse... 51

4 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side Lukninger, skærpet overvågning og forekomst af toksiner i muslinger Administrative reguleringer Delkonklusion VURDERING OG KONKLUSION VEDRØRENDE TOKSISKE ALGER OG ALGETOKSINER CENTRALT KOORDINERET LABORATORIEPROJEKT (CKL) REFERENCER... 57

5 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 5 SAMMENFATNING OG ANBEFALINGER I denne rapport gøres status for moniteringen af alger og algetoksiner i 2007 i de danske produktionsområder, hvori der høstes og opdrættes toskallede bløddyr, pighuder, sækdyr og havsnegle (betegnes herefter som muslinger m.m.), som i de foregående år. Endvidere omfatter rapporteringen også klassificeringerne af produktionsområderne, det vil sige de mikrobiologiske udmeldinger, samt afrapportering for dette års CKL (Central Koordineret Laboratorieprojekt). Formålet med rapporteringen er at sikre opsamlingen af data og erfaringer for at forbedre det faglige grundlag for gennemførslen, udviklingen, administrationen og kontrollen af overvågningen af høst af muslinger m.m. Forekomst af algetoksiner Der blev ikke registreret algetoksiner i koncentrationer over de af EU fastsatte grænseværdier i danske muslinger i Der blev ikke registreret forgiftninger af konsumenter forårsaget af algetoksiner i Restriktioner for fiskeriet på grund af forekomst af algetoksiner og potentielt toksiske alger Der blev indført restriktioner (lukning, skærpet overvågning og lempeligere vilkår end skærpet overvågning) for en række produktionsområder/uger overfor muslingeopdrættere og -fiskere i alle hovedområder i Restriktionerne blev indført på grund af forhøjede koncentrationer af potentielt toksiske alger. Ud af et totalt antal på 558 produktionsområder/uger for bundmuslingefiskerne og 147 opdrætsanlæg/uge, som blev forsøgt åbnet i 2007, forblev 32 produktionsområder/uger (5,7 %) for bundmuslingefiskerne og 34 opdrætsanlæg/uge (23 %) lukket eller åbnet med restriktioner på grund af forekomst af giftige alge og/eller algetoksiner i muslingerne. Forekomsten af giftige alger og/eller algetoksiner i muslingerne medførte relativt mange lukninger af høsten i opdrætsanlæggene koncentreret i Limfjorden. For fiskeriets vedkommende var der flest lukninger i Nord- og Vestsjælland med 14 %, mens lukningerne på den Jyske Østkyst syd for Djursland og Fyn, og i Limfjorden omfattede henholdsvis 9 % og 3 %. Der blev ikke indført nogen restriktioner eller lukninger i 2007 i Vadehavet, Nordsøen og Jyllands vestkyst. Forekomst af alger Den tidsmæssige forekomst af de fleste arter var normal i Den potentielt PSP toksiske art Alexandrium margalefi blev registreret for første gang i danske farvande i Limfjorden i Desuden blev den første egentlige opblomstring af den potentielt PSP toksiske art Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax registreret i 2007, også i Limfjorden. Der blev ikke registreret hverken PSP toksiner i muslinger eller reaktioner ved musetesten i forbindelse med opblomstringerne. Koncentrationsniveauerne var for enkelte arters vedkommende forhøjede i forhold til de tidligere års undersøgelser. Dette gjaldt bl.a. i forbindelse med opblomstringen af Pseudo-nitzschia i sommerperioden på den jyske østkyst samt for Dinophysis acuminata's vedkommende i Limfjorden.

6 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 6 For Dinophysis acuminata s vedkommende blev der, som i de foregående år, også registreret en større tidsmæssig udbredelse og et højere koncentrationsniveau i Limfjorden end i de tidligere år. Efter en række år med lave koncentrationer af Dinophysis norvegica blev den registreret med opblomstringer på den jyske østkyst i Situationen i 2007 lignede således perioden i begyndelsen af 1990 erne, hvor der blev registreret markante opblomstringer af denne art. Anbefalinger for overvågningen af algetoksiner og toksiske alger På nuværende tidspunkt er der ikke et tilstrækkeligt datagrundlag til en fuldstændig validering af overvågningssystemet - det vil sige, til at vurdere, om der er en god eller dårlig sammenhæng mellem de registrerede koncentrationer af potentielt toksiske alger og akkumuleringen af algetoksiner i muslingerne samt hvor hurtigt muslingerne renser sig for algetoksiner. Forholdene er således, dels fordi der tidligere ikke blev udtaget prøver i produktionsområder, som blev lukket pga tilstedeværelse af algetoksiner eller alger over de anvendte grænseværdier, og dels fordi muslingefiskerne, oftest af økonomiske årsager, ikke ønsker at fiske og udtage daglige prøver til analyser, når der er indført skærpet overvågning som indebærer daglige algetoksinanalyser og algeanalyser. Dette har tidligere ikke gjort det muligt at registrere, om de forhøjede koncentrationer af toksiske og potentielt toksiske alger medfører akkumulering af algetoksiner i muslingerne. Imidlertid blev restriktionen lempeligere vilkår end skærpet overvågning indført for Dinophysis arterne i Denne udmelding giver erhvervet mulighed for at høste trods overskredne grænseværdier for de potentielle giftige alger, under forudsætning af, der skal udtages net- og vandprøver, celletoksicitets prøver og kemisk algetoksinprøve og at resultaterne af analyserne viser at koncentrationen af DSP toksiner er < 80 µg OA eq./kg og at celletoksisiteten er lav. Det vurderes, at det vil være en stor fordel, hvis der kunne igangsættes en mere systematisk prøveudtagning på faste udvalgte positioner, så sammenhængen mellem forekomsten af potentielt toksiske alger og algetoksiner i muslinger kan analyseres på et mere sikkert grundlag. Resultater af klassificeringen og den mikrobiologiske zoneudmelding i produktionsområderne i 2007 I 2007 var der forsat permanente mikrobiologiske klassificerede A, B produktionsområder, samt ikke klassificerede produktionsområder inkl. opdrætsanlæg. Der blev indsendte 260 prøver til åbning og vedligeholdes af permanente A klassificerede produktionsområder eller zone A områder i permanente klassificerede B eller ikke klassificerede produktionsområder i bundmuslingefiskeriet, heraf opfyldte 245 (94,2 %) A kriterierne, mens 14 (5,4 %) forblev udmeldt som zone B-områder og 1 område svarende til 0,4 % af områderne blev udmeldt som zone C-område. Af opdrætsanlæggende var der indsendte 88 prøver til vedligeholdelses eller som midlertidig A klassificering. Heraf blev 76 prøvesæt (86,4 %) udmeldt med A status, mens 12 prøvesæt (13,6 %) udmeldt med B status. Der blev ikke konstateret nogle C analysesvar i de mikrobiologiske prøver indsendt fra opdrætsanlæggene i I alt 348 prøvesæt blev klassificeret og udmeldt inden for i alt 42 produktionsområder og 18 opdrætsanlæg i 2007.

7 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 7 For bundmuslingefiskeriet blev der udmeldt 123 prøvesæt med A status i 22 produktionsområder i Limfjorden; 1 prøvesæt med A status udmeldt i et produktionsområde i Kattegat Nord; 48 prøvesæt med A status udmeldt i 8 produktionsområder på Jyllands Østkyst syd for Djursland og Fyn; 65 prøvesæt med A status blev udmeldt i 7 produktionsområder i Nord- og Vestsjælland; 8 prøvesæt med A status blev udmeldt i 4 produktionsområder i Vadehavet. I alt 14 undersøgte prøvesæt, blev klassificeret med B-status, heraf 8 i Limfjorden; 2 i hovedområde Nord- og Vestsjælland og 4 i hovedområde Vadehavet, Nordsøen og Jyllands vestkyst. Der blev udmeldt 1 prøvesæt med C-status i Produktionsområdet med C- status blev registreret i hovedområde; Vadehavet, Nordsøen og Jyllands vestkyst. Resultaterne af analyserne ses i bilag 7. Anbefalinger Det forhold at størrelsen af zone A områderne er udvidet fra 0,6 X 0,6 til 3 x 3 sømil har ikke ændret det mikrobiologiske billede af opdrætsanlæggene og produktionsområderne, og har ikke haft en en synlig effekt på fødevaresikkerheden. Resultater fra enkelte af de permanente mikrobiologiske klassificerede produktionsområder indikerer dog at den permanente klassificering bør tages op til fornyet overvejelse. Det foreslås derfor, at den nødvendige databehandling i fremtiden gennemføres en gang om året for bedre at kunne etablere et mere permanent klassificerings system til produktionsområderne og lineanlæggene. Overvågningen af forurenende kemiske stoffer i produktionsområderne s overvågningssystem, som kørte fra 1970 erne til 2003 omfattede overvågning af blandt andet kemiske forureninger i fødevarer. Overvågningssystemet kørte i 5-års perioder, således at ændringer i forureningsniveauerne kunne følges. Der findes dog kun få data på forureninger i toskallede bløddyr beregnet til konsum. (overvågningssystemet er ikke videreført efter 2003) Indtaget af toskallede bløddyr er lavt i Danmark. Derfor bidrager toskallede bløddyr ikke væsentligt til indtaget af forurenende stoffer. Ifølge Dansk Husstandspanel (GfK 2000) er danskernes indkøb af skaldyr (krebsdyr og toskallede bløddyr) 2,3 g/dag per person og indkøbet af muslinger, som konserves er 3 g/dag per person (ifølge data indhentet i andet halvår 1999 og første halvår 2000). Resultater af overvågningen for kemiske forureninger i muslinger i 2007 I forbindelse med s Centralt Koordinerede Laboratoriprojekt (CKL) blev der i 2007 udtaget i alt 100 positionsprøver fra produktionsområder med bundmuslingefiskeri og/eller lineopdræt til analyse af blåmuslinger og østers. Alle prøver blev undersøgt for E. coli og Salmonella, samt virus (novovirus og hepatitis A). 10 positionsprøver blev undersøgt for PSP og DSP analyseret ved bioassay og 10 identiske positionsprøver blev undersøgt ved kemisk analyse for PSP og ASP. 10 positionsprøver blev udtaget til kvalitativ og kvantitativ til undersøgelse for potentielle toksiske alger (på samme position som DSP-, PSP- og ASP-prøverne). 100 positionsprøver blev udtaget til undersøgelse for tungmetallerne bly, cadmium, kviksølv, PAH, uorganisk arsen, og organotin. Desuden blev der udtaget 10 positionsprøver til undersøgelse for dioxin. Prøverne blev udtaget i alle hovedområderne (bortset fra Kattegat nord).

8 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 8 Resultaterne af analyserne ses i bilag 8. Anbefalinger for klassificering og for overvågningen af forurenende kemiske stoffer Det anbefales, at den lovpligtige klassificering baseret på mikrobiologiske undersøgelser for kommende nye produktionsområder og nye opdrætsanlæg foretages inden produktionsområderne udmeldes og inden der gives tilladelser til start af nye opdrætsanlæg. Med hensyn til overvågningen af kemiske forureninger anbefales det, at der iværksættes en permanent overvågning i henhold til reglerne og således, at man over en 5-årig periode mindst har indsamlet analyseresultater fra alle produktionsområder. Det anbefales ligeledes, at den lovpligtige undersøgelse (kortlægning) af kemisk forurening for kommende nye produktionsområder foretages inden produktionsområderne udmeldes og inden der gives tilladelser til start af nye opdrætsanlæg.

9 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 9 ENGLISH SUMMARY Introduction This status report for year 2007, compile information on the Danish monitoring program on toxic and potentially toxic algae/phytoplankton and algae toxins in bivalve molluscan shellfish, echinoderms, tunicates and marine gastropods in relation to the Danish mussel fishery. The report also includes the microbiological classifications and results of the monitoring of chemical contaminants for the year The experience gained in year 2007 is documented and will be used during the annual review and revision of the monitoring program. The monitoring program covers the commercial fishery on the following bivalve molluscs: blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), common cockle (Cardium edule), surf clam (Spisula spp.), scallop (Pectinidae spp.) and oysters (Ostrea edulis). Legislation, Regulatory Systems and Monitoring Programmes Algae toxins and toxic and potentially toxic algae From 1984 a voluntary surveillance programme was carried out, but in 1990 this was changed into an intensive mandatory monitoring for toxic and potentially toxic phytoplankton and for algae toxins in relation to commercially harvested mussels in Denmark. Official regulations concerning sampling and quantification of toxic phytoplankton and algae toxins in relation to the Danish mussel fisheries are given in the order no. 840 on bivalve molluscs etc., 20 th July 2006". The Danish legislation implements the EEC Council Directives - Regulation (EC) No. of the European Parliament and of the Council; - No. 852/2004 of 29 April 2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs. - No. 853/2004 of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin. - No. 854/2004 of 29 April 2004 laying down specific rules for the organisation of official controls on products of animal origin intended for human consumption - No. 882/2004 of 29 April 2004 on official controls performed to ensure the verification of compliance with feed and food law, animal health and animal welfare rules. - No. 178/2002 of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety. Microbiological classification of production areas The order no. 840 on bivalve molluscs etc. from the 20 th of July 2006 include the requirements and procedures for the classification of production areas and the EEC Commission regulation (EC) No. 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs includes the microbiological limits for the production areas A, B and C.

10 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 10 Chemical contaminants Between 1970 ties and 2003 a coordinated national monitoring programme on chemical contaminants was carried out with cycles of 5 years. The content of lead, cadmium, mercury and tin in fish and fishery products have been regulated since the 1980 ies with identified maximum limits. These limits were part of the national Danish legislation until 2002 where the EEC regulation on contaminants was implemented. Monitoring The fishing areas are divided into production areas/grids of km 2, see the figures 1 and 2). The production areas can be microbiologically classified as permanently A, B, C or not classified. Specified zones within productions areas otherwise classified as B, C or not classified can, on a weekly basis, be classified as zone A. This zone A area have the size of 3 x 3 nautical miles. According to the order no. 840 all production areas are closed unless monitoring is initiated 1 week before the start of commercial fishing in the specific production area is wanted and the monitoring results show algal toxins and toxic phytoplankton concentrations below the regulatory limits. In this case the production areas can be opened by Region North, the Control and Enforcement Office Viborg. To keep a production area open samples of water and mussels must be taken by each fisherman and aquaculture establishment on the first day of the fishing-week. This sampling procedure must continue every week as long as an production area is wished to be open for fishery. The water samples and the sample of mussels are taken from the same sampling position and each of the samples must be marked with the geographical coordinates, name of the location, number of the production area and forwarded to the appropriate laboratories, approved by the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration. Usually only 1 sample set are sent from each production area to bee analysed. On basis of the analytical results Region North, the Control and Enforcement Office Viborg always decide upon the status of the fishery in each production area. Normally, production areas are harvested each week plus a number of aquacultures. Intensive sampling of water and mussels If the concentrations of toxic and potentially toxic phytoplankton are elevated but not exceeding the limits, table 1, or if algae toxins are present under the limits, table 2, intensive sampling or phytoplankton toxicity sampling can be introduced. Phytoplankton toxicity sampling can be introduced when DSP producing phytoplankton species are present above the regulatory limits and the concentration of the DSPtoxin in the mussels is below 80 µg OA equivalent /kg. Intensive sampling can be initiated if the concentrations of toxic algae producing ASP and/or PSP are high, but below the regulatory limits, coinciding with periods with sunny, warm and/or calm weather, because of increased risk of local high concentrations of toxic algae and accumulation of algal toxins in the mussels. In 2006 it was decided to implement the use of single cell toxicity of Dinophysis acuminata as part of the risk assessment. This phytoplankton toxicity sampling means

11 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 11 that the fisherman or aquaculture establishment may continue to harvest, but, on a daily basis or another frequency decided upon by the Region North, Control and Enforcement Office Viborg, they have to send the normal samples as well as a extra sample of concentrated phytoplankton from 1 litre of GFC-filtered seawater and a mussel meat sample to be analysed chemically for DSP-toxins. The harvest can continue in cases where the concentrations of Dinophysis acuminata exceed the limit of 500 cells/l, if there are low concentrations of DSP-toxins in the shellfish (< 80 µg OA/kg) and low single cell toxicity is documented. This new management strategy worked well and was continued during Intensive sampling means that each fisherman or aquaculture establishment must collect samples of each mussel lot, and no catch is allowed to get on the market before the results of the analysis has been received by the Control and Enforcement Office Viborg, and found not positive for algae toxins above the regulatory limit. The number of samples to be analyzed from each lot is decided upon by the Region North, Control and Enforcement Office Viborg. Closing production areas If the concentrations of algae toxins are present above the regulatory limits, table 2, the fishing areas are closed. If the limits for toxic and potentially toxic phytoplankton are exceeded, table 1, then the fishing areas concerned are closed in concern of PSP-producing phytoplankton (e.g. Alexandrium spp.), in case of DSP-producing phytoplankton over the regulatory limits the phytoplankton toxicity sampling can be introduced, and in case of ASPproducing phytoplankton over the regulatory limits the intensive sampling can be introduced, depending on the history of the phytoplankton algae in the area, and taking into consideration if the algae are blooming or declining in numbers. Criteria used to re-open a production area If a production area has been closed because of algae toxins in the mussels exceeding the limits, then the production area will not be opened until the concentration of toxin is below the regulatory limits for two consecutive weeks. Information flow and access to information The Region North, Control and Enforcement Office Viborg shall give information to the mussel fishermen about the present status of all production areas. This is done via an automatic telephone answering machine ( (stopped 1 of Marts 2007) and on the website Using this information system, the status of each production area can be changed immediately, and the fishermen and aquaculture establishments can always reach the information about the status. The fishermen, the mussel industry, the Danish Directorate of Fisheries, the Fishery Inspection and the local involved Control and Enforcement Offices, the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration and The Association of the Danish Mussel fisheries must be notified if algae toxin test results are exceeding the veterinary limits in an open production area.

12 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 12 Public Notifications Region North, Control and Enforcement Office Viborg will inform the general public via press release, if it is likely that there is any health risk to the consumers/private collectors of bivalve molluscs. Monitoring program In paired samples of phytoplankton and mussels were collected and analysed. Analyses for DSP-toxins and PSP-toxins in the mussels are carried out using the mouse bioassay. Verification of DSP-toxins and PSP-toxins as well as analyses for ASP- toxin (domoic acid) are carried out using chemical methods. The main harvest area for blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) is the Limfjord incl. Mariager Fjord, which is divided into 45 production areas. Furthermore blue mussels are fished at the East Coast of Jutland, in the Danish part of the Wadden Sea/North Sea and in the north and west part of Zealand, which are divided into 29, 25 and 20 production areas respectively. New main production areas have been introduced in the northern Kattegat and in the south part of Zealand, but there hasn t been any harvest or production of mussels in these areas in At the west coast of Jutland, in the Danish part of the Wadden Sea, blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), surf clam (Spisula solida), common edible cockle (Cerastoderma edule) and as a new invasive spices Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) are harvested. Wild stocks of the European oyster (Ostrea edulis) are commercially harvested in the Limfjord. The total catch in 2007 of blue mussels, by 63 fishermen, was tons mussels and tons European oysters. More than 90% of the production was exported. The total harvest in 2007 of blue mussels, by 49 aquaculture, was 949 tons mussels. The Danish production of blue mussels is one of Europe s largest, but has declined during the last couple of years. The harvest is mainly based on harvest on natural banks. This is unusual in a European context, where tons of the yearly production of approximately 1 mill. tons are harvested from aquaculture. The Association of the Danish Mussel Fisheries and the mussel farmers finance the monitoring program themselves. The expenses of the monitoring system in year 2007 amount to approx. 1,9% for the Danish Mussel Fisheries and for the mussel farmers approx. 12,8 % of the total value of the landing value respectively (the calculation is based upon the assumption that expenses for analysis is DKr for each sample set to be analysed). Historical results from the Monitoring program DSP-toxins were detected above the limits in 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, PSP-toxins were only once detected above the limits during the period PSP-toxins were detected by the mouse bioassay, but were not verified using chemical methods. For the first time since the initiation of chemical ASP monitoring was introduced into the Danish monitoring program, domoic acid was detected above the regulatory limits

13 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 13 during the spring of 2005 in two production areas at the east coast of Jutland. Both production areas were closed to harvest of mussels as a response to high levels of domoic acid in the mussels and high concentrations of the algae Pseudo-nitzschia seriata. Prior to this episode domoic acid was detected in low concentrations below the limits in two mussel samples from the East Coast of Jutland in 1993 as well as in trace concentrations in blue mussels collected in the Limfjord in Table 1. Limits according to the legislation for the concentrations of toxic phytoplankton used in the management of the Danish mussel fisheries, year Algae species Closure or special restrictions (cells/l) DINOFLAGELLATES Dinophysis acuminate 500 Dinophysis acuta 100 Dinophysis dens 100 Dinophysis norvegica 1,000 Dinophysis rotundata 1,000 Dinophysis spp. 1,000 Protoceratium reticulatum Only if mice react Protoceratium spp. Only if mice react Lingulodinium polyedrum Only if mice react Lingulodinium spp. Only if mice react Prorocentrum lima 500 Prorocentrum balticum Only if mice react Prorocentrum micans Only if mice react Prorocentrum minimum Only if mice react Prorocentrum triestinum Only if mice react Prorocentrum spp. Only if mice react Alexandrium ostenfeldii 500 Alexandrium tamarense 500 Alexandrium minutum 500 Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax 500 Alexandrium spp. 500 Protoperidinium crassipes Only if mice react Protoperdinium curtipes Only if mice react Protoperdinium spp. Only if mice react Karenia mikimotoi Only if mice react Karenia spp. Only if mice react DIATOMS Pseudo-nitzschia seriata 2000 Pseudo-nitzschia spp OTHER FLAGELLATES Chattonella spp. Only if mice react BLUE GREEN ALGAE Nodularia spumigena Anabaena spp. Only if mice react Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Only if mice react Microcystis aeruginosa Only if mice react Microcystis viridis Only if mice react 1 Colonies/l Sampling of toxic algae/phytoplankton The quantitative algae-samples are collected using water-sampler. Water samples are pooled samples made up of water sampled from the surface, the middle and the bottom of the water column where fishing is taking place. A sub-sample of 200 ml is collected from the bucket and preserved using Lugol's neutral fixative. The sample is marked with date, sampling position, production area number, and name of locality and the identity of the collector of the sample and/or company. The qualitative algae-samples are collected using a plankton net (mesh size 20 µm), drawn vertically from the sea-bottom to the surface a couple of times. The concen-

14 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 14 trated algae are poured into a bottle and preserved using Lugol's neutral fixative. The bottle is marked with date, sampling position, production area number, and name of locality and the identity of the collector of the sample. Samples for single cell toxicity of Dinophysis acuminata are prepared by filtering 1L of water in portions of 200 ml onto GFC-filters. The filters are preserved in methanol and analyzed using LC/MS/MS. The single cell toxicity is calculated from the toxicity measured and the observed concentration of Dinophysis acuminata from an identically water sample. Sampling of mussels etc. Mussels etc. are harvested and sub-samples of shucked cooked mussel etc. meat are collected in plastic bags marked with date, sampling position, area number, name of locality and the identity of the collector of the sample. (Heat treatment was reintroduced on 15 th of June 2007). Laboratory procedures The samples of water and mussels are analysed by private laboratories approved by The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration. The Danish National Reference Laboratory on marine biotoxins, NRL-MB, at, The National Food Institute, DTU, is responsible for providing the status of the analytical methods to be used in the laboratories and for ring-tests to be submitted. Phytoplankton samples are analysed at the consultancy company Bio/consult as. Mussel samples are analysed for the presence of DSP- and PSP-toxins using mouse bioassay at the company LAB Research. Analysis for ASP-toxin (domoic acid) as well as the verification of DSP- and PSPtoxins are carried out using chemical methods (table 2), at the Danish National Reference Laboratory on marine biotoxins, NRL-MB. The quantification of toxic algae is carried out using the Utermöhl methodology in combination with epifluorescence microscopy, Andersen & Kristensen (1995). The mussels are analysed for DSP-toxins (Yasumoto et al. (1984) by mouse bioassay throughout the year. Analysis for PSP-toxins is carried out by mouse bioassay using a modification of AOAC's methodology AOAC (1990), (ph = 3) as a minimum in the months April- September. Domoic acid analyses on mussels are only carried out during blooms of Pseudonitzschia spp. and the samples are analysed by HPLC (Quilliam et al. 1995). Verification for presence of PSP-toxins is done by HPLC (Lawrence et al. 2005). Verification for presence of DSP-toxins, including okadaic acid (OA), Dinophysistoxin 1 (DTX-1), Dinophysis-toxin 2 (DTX-2), and DSP-toxin esters is done using a LC/MS/MS method developed at the Danish National Reference Laboratory on marine biotoxins NRL-MB (Jørgensen and Andersen 2007).

15 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 15 A summary of the monitoring for algal toxins is summarised in table 2. The sampling periods can be extended if e.g. results from the phytoplankton analysis prove it necessary. Table 2. Algae toxin DSP Algae toxins and EU regulatory limits as well as the minimum period of monitoring for algae toxins in relation to the Danish mussel-fisheries. Regulatory Limits Period Method Must not be positive =2 out of 3 mice die within 24 hours < 160 µg okadaic acid /kg whole body All year round Mouse bioassay, Yasumoto et al. (1984) Verification by LC/MS/MS (Jørgensen and Andersen 2007). PSP Relating mouse dead time (< 1 hour) to toxicity by Summers table Minimum April-September Mouse bioassay AOAC (1990) ASP < 800 µg saxitoxin/ kg whole body < 20 mg domoic acid /kg whole body When blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. occur Verification by HPLC (Lawrence et al. 2005). HPLC (Quilliam et al. 1995) Control samples The establishments, producers or packers of fresh or processed mussels must, according to the legislation, take control samples of each day s production or catch, and store them as references, if later examination of the mussels from special catches or batches is needed. Control samples of mussels, which are sold live for direct consumption must be kept one month frozen, and control samples from mussels, which are sold frozen or canned must be kept for one year or for the shelf life of the product. The above-mentioned establishments must ensure that all products comply with the criteria given in the legislation through own checks. Annual reports The results of the monitoring program are compiled in annual status reports in Danish with a summary in English (like this report). The monitoring program and the annual report is discussed and reviewed once a year by a working group consisting of The Danish National Reference Laboratory on Marine Biotoxins, The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, experts on phytoplankton, experts on the chemical methods and the mouse bioassays on algae toxins, representative from the laboratories involved, representatives from the mussel industry and a well as fishermen and aquaculturists/musselfarmers. Monitoring results 2007 In year 2007 the fishermen and mussel farmers collected respectably 558 and 147 paired samples of phytoplankton and mussels which were analysed.

16 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 16 Occurrence of algae toxins No algae toxins were registered in commercially harvested bivalve molluscs in concentrations exceeding the limits in No consignments containing algal toxins above the regulatory limit were placed on the market, and no consumers were ill caused by algae toxins in Danish mussels during Restrictions imposed on the mussel fishery due to occurrence of algae toxins and/or toxic phytoplankton Restrictions (precautionary closure of production areas and/or intensified monitoring) on the mussel fishery/harvest was imposed in the Limfjord, on the east coast of Jutland as well as in the Isefjord/Roskilde Fjord but not in the Wadden Sea in 32 production areas/weeks, equal to 5,7 % of the total number of 558 areas/weeks which were tried to be opened, due to concentrations of toxic phytoplankton exceeding the limits, as well as the occurrence of algal toxins. Occurrence of toxic/potential toxic phytoplankton The seasonal as well as the geographical occurrence was normal for most species in A few species were observed in high concentrations compared to observations from the previous years, such as species from the diatom genus Pseudonitzschia which was registered in elevated concentrations in the Limfjord, at the east coast of Jutland and in the Isefjord. The species Dinophysis acuminata which started to bloom in the Limfjord in 2006 continued to bloom in the Limfjord in The species D. norvegica returned to the east coast of Jutland after a several years of absence/decline in Danish waters. The potentially toxic species Alexandrium margalefi was observed for the first time in Denmark. A bloom of Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax was observed for the first time in Danish waters. There were no observations of PSP toxins in shellfish during the blooms. Recommendations for the monitoring of toxic algae and algae toxins It is recommended that funds are allocated and procedures is set up for sampling of phytoplankton and mussels also during periods where the harvest is closed or the musselfishers/musselfarmers stop harvesting because of intensified monitoring, because the limits for phytoplankton and algae toxins are exceeded or when unexplained toxicity in the mussels is registered by the mouse bioassay. The information obtained would be valuable to establish documentation on the relationship between the occurrence of toxic phytoplankton and algae toxins in the shellfish during both accumulation and depuration of toxins. Microbiological classification of production areas and monitoring of chemical contaminants Since 1984 Denmark has had a mandatory control system on the microbiological status of the live bivalve molluscs intended for direct consumption and originating from the commercial fishery of bivalves, from the aquaculture of oysters, from the purification and from the expedition centres. This control is also carried out on imported live bivalve molluscs for direct consumption.

17 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 17 Microbiological classification of production areas From the 20 of June 2006 a new microbiological classification system was implemented. Production areas were microbiologically classified accordingly to the historically dataset, which means that: - with respect to a permanently A classification no more than 5% of all samples collected and analysed from a production area within a 3 years period can be classified as B and C - with respect to a permanently B classification no more than 10% of all samples collected and analysed from a production area within a 3 years period can be classified as C Production areas without a solid microbiological record (at least one full years of sampling) can not be classified, and will be preliminary (on a weekly basis) microbiologically classified. Permanently microbiologically B and C and not classified productions area can have a zone A area. This zone A is of the size 3 x 3 nautical miles. The line cultures have the same permanently microbiologically classification as the production areas as they are situated. Opening of zone A areas within the production areas If a mussel farmer or a mussel fisherman wants to open a zone A area within a production area not classified as an A area, 3 samples of live bivalve molluscs must be collected within the specific sub-area, and get them analysed one week before commencement of commercial harvest is wanted. The samples of the live bivalve molluscs must be marked with the nautical position together with other necessary information for sample identification, and the samples must be forward to a laboratory approved by the competent authority. The centre position of the zone A is announced on the home page when/if approved. A zone A sub-area of the actual production area can be opened by The Control and Enforcement Office in Viborg on the home page only if the results of the analyses show no presence of salmonella and that the results of the presumptive E. coli analysis are below the legislative limits (< 230 E. coli/100g - no analytical tolerance is allowed). The zone A status for such a sub-area lasts for one week only. To keep a zone A status for a sub-area within a production area open for a longer period, samples must be analyzed on a weekly basis. If the analytical results of a zone A is not received by The Control and Enforcement Office in Viborg, then the zone A status is changed to the microbiological status of the rest of the production area. Legislative Limits for the microbiological classification Zone A classification limit: Less than 230 E. coli/100 g of molluscs flesh and intravalvular liquid and Salmonella must not be present in 25 g of flesh. Zone B classification limit: Less than E. coli/100 g of molluscs flesh in 90% of the samples. Zone C classification limit: Less than E. coli/100 g of molluscs flesh.

18 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 18 All the E. coli results must be based on a five tube, three-dilution MPN-test. Information flow and access to information The opening of zone A areas is financed by the individual fishermen, mussel farmer or their organisation or by the owners of aquaculture establishments. The Control and Enforcement Office in Viborg always decides upon the microbiological status of each production area, and can change any status from A to B or even to C, if laboratory reports show results requiring this. All information to the industry is given on the home page. Closing zone A parts of production areas If the limits for presumptive E. coli or Salmonella are exceeded then the zone A parts of production areas return to either the B-classification or to C-classification status. Sampling of mussels etc. Blue mussels, oysters and other bivalve molluscs etc. are harvested and raw samples with shells, for oysters 3 x 100g (approx. weight without shells), for the other species min. 2.7 kg per sample, are collected and marked with date, sampling position, area number, name of locality and the identity of the collector of the sample. A minimum of 3 samples must be taken from each area to be opened as zone A. Laboratory procedures The samples of mussels are analysed by laboratories approved by The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration. E. coli, method: Detection and enumeration of E. coli by Donovan method according to ISO Communicable Disease and Public Health 1, Salmonella, method: Salmonella. Detection in foods according to Nordic Committee on Food Analysis 71, 5. Ed., *Nordic Committee on Food Analysis. Control / counter samples According to the legislation, the establishments, producers or packers of fresh or processed bivalve molluscs must, take control samples of each day s production or harvest, and store them frozen as references, to be used if supplementary analysis of the bivalve molluscs from specific catches or batches is needed. Control samples of mussels, which are sold for direct consumption, must be kept one month frozen, and control samples of mussels, which are sold frozen or canned must be kept for one year or for the shelf life of the product. The above-mentioned establishments must ensure that all products comply with the criteria given in the legislation through own checks. Monitoring results for 2007 for the classification of zone A areas In year 2007 a total number of 348 (88 line cultures and 260 productions areas) were analysed microbiologically. Out of the total number 321 (76 line cultures and 245

19 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 19 production areas) 92% were classified as A (86% line cultures and 94% production areas), while 26 (12 line cultures and 14 production areas) 8% parts gave a B classification (14 % line cultures and 5% production areas). Only one analysis in 2007 resulted in a status C result (0,4% production areas). The C-status was observed in the Wadden Sea. The number of microbiological A classifications were obtained from a total of 47 production areas (9 productions areas with mussel farms and 42 production areas with fishery). 5 of the A classified production areas only had mussel farms. 123 microbiological A results were classified in 22 of the 42 production areas in the Limfjord (not included Mariager Fjord). 1 microbiological A results were classified in 1 of the 6 production areas in the Kattegat Nord area. 48 microbiological A result were classified in 8 of the 32 production areas at the East Cost of Jutland south of Djursland and Fyn. 65 microbiological A results were classified in 7 of the 21 production areas in the Isefjord (called North- and West Zealand). 8 microbiological A were classified in 4 of the 25 production areas in the Wadden Sea, North Sea and the west coast of Jutland. All the areas, which were classified within a production area, are given in annex 7. Recommendations The microbiological results obtained over the years, show that enlargement of the size of the zone A areas, from 0,6 x 0,6 to 3 x 3 nautical miles, is possible without compromising the food safety objectives. Certain production areas have shown results, which indicates that the permanent classification should be revised. It is therefore suggested that the necessary data analysis should be carried out on a yearly basis to evaluate/establish the permanent classification of production areas. Monitoring of chemical contaminants in production areas In 2007 the Danish Veterinary and Food administration collected 100 positions samples in 20 different productions areas (5 positions samples in every production area) samples were analysed for lead, mercury, cadmium, PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons), non-organic arsenic and organic tin samples were analysed for dioxin The analytical results on lead, cadmium and mercury were all below the EU limits. The results of the analyses are given in annex 8. TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC REPORTS: The following technical and scientific reports are based upon results from the Danish monitoring system: 1990 Bjergskov, T., J. Larsen, Ø. Moestrup, H. M. Sørensen & P. Krogh (1990). Toxic and potential toxic algae in Danish waters: Management, taxonomy, ecology, toxicology. Published by The Fish Inspection Service. (In Danish/English).

20 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side Hald, B., T. Bjergskov & H. Emsholm (1991). Monitoring and analytical programmes on phycotoxins in Denmark. Proceedings of symposium on marine biotoxins. (Ed. J. Marc Fremy 1991) p Andersen, P.; H. Emsholm & S. D. Jacobsen (1992). Status on the monitoring of toxic algae and algal toxins in mussels in Danish fjords and coastal areas Report to The Ministry of Fisheries. (In Danish) Andersen, P. & H. S. Kristensen (1993). Rapid and precise identification of the dinoflagellates using epifluorescence microscopy. Proceedings from the 6th International Conference on Toxic Phytoplankton, Nantes - FRANCE. p Lavoisier, London. Andersen, P., H. Emsholm, J. Johannesen & B. Hald (1993). Report on the Danish monitoring programme on toxic algae and algal toxins The 6th International Conference on Toxic Phytoplankton, Nantes - FRANCE. (Abstract). Holm, M. & P. Andersen (1993). Vertical distribution of toxic algae, evaluation of sampling methodology and occurrence of DSP-toxins in Danish coastal waters Report to the Ministry of Fisheries & The Association of Danish Mussel-fisheries. Andersen, P. & H. Emsholm (1993). Status on the monitoring of toxic algae and algal toxins in mussels in Danish fjords and coastal areas Report to The Ministry of Fisheries. (In Danish) Andersen, P. & H. Emsholm (1994). Status on the monitoring of toxic algae and algal toxins in relation to mussel fishery in Danish fjords and coastal areas Report to The Ministry of Fisheries. (In Danish) Andersen, P. (1995). Quantitative plankton sampling using the "hose" Report to The Danish Directorate of Fisheries. (In Danish). Andersen, P. & B. Hald (1995). Toxin content of Dinophysis Report to The Danish Directorate of Fisheries. (In Danish). Andersen, P. & H. Emsholm (1995). Status on the monitoring of toxic algae and algal toxins in relation to mussel fishery in Danish fjords and coastal areas Report to The Ministry of Fisheries. (In Danish) Andersen, P. & B. Christensen (1996). Status on the monitoring of toxic algae and algal toxins in relation to mussel fishery in Danish fjords and coastal areas Report to Veterinary Service. (In Danish).

21 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 21 Emsholm, H., P. Andersen & B. Hald (1996). Results of the Danish monitoring programme on toxic algae and algal toxins In: Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms - Proceedings for the 7th International Conference on Toxic Phytoplankton, Sendai - JAPAN. (Eds. Yasumoto et al. 1996). p Andersen, P., B. Hald & H. Emsholm (1996). Toxin content of Dinophysis acuminata in Danish coastal waters In: Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Toxic Phytoplankton, Sendai - JAPAN. (Eds. Yasumoto et al. 1996). p Christensen, B., P. Andersen & B. Hald (1997). The geographical distribution of toxic algae in relation to algal toxins in bivalve molluscs harvested in Denmark Proceedings for the 8th International Conference on Toxic Phytoplankton, Vigo - Spain Andersen, P. & B. Christensen (1998). Status on the monitoring of toxic algae and algal toxins in relation to mussel fishery in Danish fjords and coastal areas 1996 and Report to the Danish Veterinary Service. (In Danish). Andersen, P. (1998). Monitoring toxic algae and algal toxins in relation to the Danish mussel fisheries Report to the Danish Veterinary Service. (In English) Andersen, P. & B. R. Thorbjørnsen (1999). Toxic algae and algal toxins in the mussel fishery Report to the Danish Veterinary Service. (In Danish) Andersen, P. & B. R. Thorbjørnsen (2000). Toxic algae and algal toxins in the mussel fishery Danish Veterinary and Food Adminstration. Food Report 2000:26 (in Danish) Bjergskov, T., K. Jørgensen, B. R. Thorbjørnsen & P. Andersen (2001). Toxic algae and algal toxins in the Danish bivalve mollusc fishery Danish Veterinary and Food Administration. Food Report 2001:24 (in Danish) Bjergskov, T., K. Jørgensen, B. R. Thorbjørnsen & P. Andersen (2002). Toxic algae, algal toxins classification and chemical contamination surveillance in the Danish bivalve mollusc fishery Danish Veterinary and Food Administration. Food Report 2002 (In Danish with English summary) Bjergskov, T., K. Jørgensen, B. R. Thorbjørnsen & P. Andersen (2003). Toxic algae and algal toxins, microbiological classification and chemical contamination surveillance in the Danish Bivalve Mollusc Fishery Danish Veterinary and Food Administration. Food Report 2002 (in Danish with English summary).

22 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side Jørgensen, K., P. Andersen & B. R. Thorbjørnsen Case study: Distribution of DSP toxins in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from Flensborg inlet (week ). Presented as a poster at The 5th International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety, June 13-18th, 2004, Galway - Ireland. Bjergskov, T., K. Jørgensen, B. R. Thorbjørnsen & P. Andersen (2004). Toxic algae and algal toxins, microbiological classification and chemical contamination surveillance in the Danish Bivalve Mollusc Fishery Danish Veterinary and Food Administration. Food Report 2007 (In Danish with English summary) Bjergskov, T., K. Jørgensen, B. R. Thorbjørnsen & P. Andersen (2005). Toxic algae and algal toxins, microbiological classification and chemical contamination surveillance in the Danish Bivalve Mollusc Fishery Danish Veterinary and Food Administration. Food Report 2009 (In Danish with English summary).

23 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 23 FORORD Formålet med den årlige rapport over overvågningen af potentielt toksiske alger og algetoksiner i forbindelse med høst af muslinger i danske fjorde og kystnære produktionsområder er, som ved rapporteringerne for de tidligere år, blandt andet at opsamle erfaringerne fra de forløbne år og dermed forbedre det faglige grundlag for gennemførelsen, udviklingen, administrationen og kontrollen af overvågningsprogrammet. Rapporten giver et overblik over årets erfaringer med hensyn til prøvetagningsstrategi, metoder og resultater. Disse erfaringer anvendes løbende til at forbedre den fremtidige overvågning. Herved opnås der større sikkerhed for, at der ikke omsættes potentielt toksiske muslinger på markedet samt, at muslingeerhvervet pålægges færrest mulige restriktioner. Årsrapporten sammenfatter resultaterne af overvågningen i Layoutmæssigt er dette års rapport ændret i forhold til de tidligere års rapporter ved at være delt op i en egentlig rapportdel som kortfattet samler op på moniteringen i 2007 og en bilagsdel som blandt andet indeholder detaljeret dokumentation af uge til uge observationerne i forbindelse med høst af muslinger. Desuden indeholder bilagsdelen grafiske fremstillinger som sammenholder forekomsten af de forskellige alger i de forskellige hovedområder i 2007 med de tidligere års observationer, samt resultaterne fra dette års CKL-projekt. Overvågningen dækker fiskeriet efter toskallede bløddyr, pighuder, sækdyr og havsnegle, dog primært blåmuslinger, hjertemuslinger, trugmuslinger og østers. I denne rapport anvendes formuleringen "muslinger" oftest generelt for toskallede bløddyr, pighuder, sækdyr og havsnegle.

24 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 24 1 OVERVÅGNINGENS FORMÅL Det primære formål med overvågningen af potentielt toksiske alger og algetoksiner i toskallede bløddyr, pighuder, sækdyr og havsnegle er at sikre, at der ikke omsættes muslinger m.m. indeholdende algetoksiner over de fastlagte grænseværdier til forbrugere. Samt endvidere så vidt muligt at forhindre, at muslingefiskere og virksomheder ofrer tid og penge på at fiske og forarbejde muslinger, der senere skal kasseres på grund af for højt indhold af algetoksiner. Formålet er ligeledes at sikre at levende toskallede bløddyr, pighuder, sækdyr og havsnegle bestemt til direkte konsum lever op til de mikrobiologiske krav, som er fastsat i lovgivningen, således at konsumenter ikke unødigt udsættes for risiko for at blive syge efter indtagelse af levende muslinger m.m. Dette inkluderer endvidere overvågning af forureningstilstanden i toskallede bløddyr, pighuder, sækdyr og havsnegle, som er fisket eller opdrættet i de danske produktionsområder.

25 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 25 2 OVERVÅGNINGSSYSTEMET 2.1 Lovgivningsmæssige grundlag I 2004 trådte en lang række forordninger i kraft som ophævede Rådets direktiv 91/492/EØF fra den 15. juni 1991 med senere ændringer om sundhedsmæssige betingelser for fiskeri, behandling, tilvirkning og omsætning af levende toskallede bløddyr, pighuder, sækdyr og havsnegle. Den danske lovgivning på området implementerede Europa-parlamentets og rådets forordning (EF): - nr. 852/2001 af 29. april 2004 om fødevarehygiejne. - nr. 853/2004 af 29. april 2004 om særlige hygiejnebestemmelser for animalske fødevarer. - nr. 854/2004 af 29. april 2004 om særlige bestemmelser for tilrettelæggelsen af den offentlige kontrol af animalske produkter til konsum. - nr. 882/2004 af 29. april 2004 om offentlig kontrol med henblik på verifikation af, at foderstof- og fødevarelovgivningen samt dyresundheds- og dyrevelfærdsbestemmelserne overholdes. - nr. 178/2002 af 28. januar 2002 om generelle principper og krav i fødevarelovgivningen, om oprettelse af Den Europæiske Fødevaresikkerhedsautoritet og om procedurer vedrørende fødevaresikkerhed. Forordningerne blev implementeret ved bekendtgørelsen om muslinger m.m. nr. 114 fra den 24. februar 2005, og igen opdateret ved bekendtgørelsen om muslinger m.m. nr. 840 af 20. juli Finansieringen af den administrative del af overvågningen er givet ved Fødevareministeriets bekendtgørelse nr. 97 af 13. februar 2001 om betaling for kontrol af fødevarer og levende dyr mv. med senere ændringer. Administration af overvågningen Administrationen af overvågningen for potentielt toksiske alger og algetoksiner i alle danske produktionsområder blev per 1. januar 2000 udlagt til varetagelse af s Fødevareregion Viborg, som i 2007 havde ændret navn til Fødevareregion Nord, Kontrolafdeling Viborg. 2.2 Opdeling i produktionsområder Opdelingen af produktionsområderne i 2007 er identisk med opdelingen i 2006, figur 1a og b. Nummereringen og antallet af produktionsområder inden for de afgrænsede hovedområder i 2007 er samlet i tabel 3.

26 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 26 Tabel 3. Opdelingen af de kystnære danske farvande i produktionsområder og nummerinterval samt antallet af produktionsområder inden for de afgrænsede hovedområder i Lokalitet (Hovedområdenummer) Produktionsområdenummer Antal produktionsområder Limfjorden og Mariager Fjord (I) Kattegat Nord (II) Jyllands Østkyst syd for Djursland og Fyn (III) Nord- og Vestsjælland (IV) Sydsjælland (V) Vadehavet, Nordsøen og Jyllands vestkyst (VI)

27 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side I II III Figur 1a Opdelingen af de kystnære danske farvande, hvor der fiskes efter muslinger med angivelse af hovedområdernes og de enkelte produktionsområders numre i I: Limfjorden og Mariager Fjord; II: Kattegat Nord; III: Jyllands Østkyst syd for Djursland og Fyn.

28 Muslingeovervågning Fødevaresikkerhed Side 28 Intet vindue IV VI V Figur 1b Opdelingen af de kystnære danske farvande, hvor der fiskes efter muslinger med angivelse af hovedområdernes og de enkelte produktionsområders numre i IV: Nord- og Vestsjælland; V: Sydsjælland; VI: Vadehavet, Nordsøen og Jyllands vestkyst.