one Kun salg ved direkte kontakt mellem skole og forlag. Kopiering er u-økonomisk og forbudt til erhvervsformål. Indhold Forord

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1 Kun salg ved direkte kontakt mellem skole og forlag. Kopiering er u-økonomisk og forbudt til erhvervsformål. Indhold Side Emne(r) 1 Indhold 2-3 The United Kingdom and Eire 4-5 Going to England/The sights of London 6-7 The Secret of Loch Ness (to be i nutid/datid) 8 To be i førnutid og førdatid 9 Do you love school 10 To have i nutid og datid 11 To have i førnutid og førdatid Getting about in London 14 Navneord I - ubestemt artikel 15 Navneord I - bestemt artikel 16 Ordstilling 17 Names of animals 18 Navneord II - regelmæssige 19 Navneord II - uregelmæssige 20 Test your knowledge 21 Activity page I Nutid - simpel tid og udvidet tid 24 Stonehenge 25 Rhyming, Family puzzle 26 Datid - simpel og udvidet tid 27 Nutid og datid - simpel tid og udvidet tid Fremtid 31 Death and Destruction in the British Garden The fire of London Præpositioner Præpositioner I - tidspræpositioner 37 Præpositioner II - bevægelsespræpositioner 38 Præpositioner III - stedspræpositioner 39 Activity page II Uregelmæssige udsagnsord I Ejefald Uregelmæssige udsagnsord II 46 Activity page III Tillægsord 49 Adjective test Uregelmæssige udsagnsord 52 Grammatiske udtryk Ordliste Forord Step five er en fortsættelse af de foregående hæfter og bygger videre på temaer, grammatik og ordvalg herfra. Hæftet, der ikke knytter sig til noget bestemt system, er udarbejdet således, at opgaverne i mange tilfælde umiddelbart kan løses af eleven selvstændigt, men nogle gange vil en kort forklaring være nødvendig, afhængig af klasse og trin. Stjernesymbolet * har tre funktioner. På nogle sider angiver antallet af stjerner opgavernes sværhedsgrad, andre steder henviser stjernesymbolet til fodnoter. Endelig, som noget helt nyt, kan * ved grammatiske udtryk fortælle eleven, at den efterfølgende latinske eller engelske betegnelse skal skrives ind i skemaet på side 52. Når hele hæftet er gennemarbejdet, burde man således have en samlet oversigt over danske, engelske og latinske grammatikudtryk. Nederst på samtlige sider er der et gråt felt, som kan anvendes til repetition af mængdetallene samt månedernes navne. Eventuelt kan man også anføre en dato, hvis man ønsker den eller de pågældende sider som lektie. God arbejdslyst Peter Rentsch one 1

2 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The English language has some 350 million native speakers worldwide, and is the second language for at least another billion. The British Isles is the geographical name that includes all the islands, lying off the western coast of Europe. The United Kingdom (UK) is the political name for Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Ulster). Britain is the general name we use when we talk about the nation as a whole. Great Britain is the largest of these islands and consists of: England, Scotland and Wales. Remember! The Republic of Ireland (Eire) is an independent republic, which has nothing to do with the United Kingdom. Fill in the lines as shown. Words to be used. England Wales Northern Ireland Britain Scotland Ireland Irish British Welsh Irish/British English Scots I m from Ireland. I m from Wales. I m Irish. I m Welsh. I m from Nothern Ireland. I m Irish/British I m from Scotland. I, Scots. I m from Britain. I m British. Lets s do it: Step five 2

3 Write the correct names from the list below on the lines The Atlantic Ocean Eire England The English Channel France The North Sea Northern Ireland Scotland Wales Belfast Birmingham Brighton Dover Dublin Edinburgh Glasgow Hull Liverpool London Manchester Newcastle Plymouth Swansea Towns: Dover Brighton London Plymouth Swansea Birmingham Liverpool Manchester Hull Newcastle Edinburgh Glasgow Belfast Dublin Place names: The North Sea rance The English Channel The Atlantic Ocean Wales England Scotland Eire Northern Ireland

4 Going to England - London Now, read the text and fill in the missing words from the list ways There are three to get to England: by air, by sea or by tunnel. You can cross the British Channel by boat or hovercraft from the mainland Airport Channel rance. You can fly to England, and probably you ll land at London - Heathrow or Gatwick. Maybe you want to cross the through the from to England. But whether you arrive by boat, train, plane or you have to go customs decide through where they might your passport. You can to go through the green, which declare car tunnel check exit means, that you have nothing to. Airport car Channel France check customs decide declare exit mainland tunnel ways The sights of London Fill in the correct name of sight corresponding to the description and the picture. Work in pairs. Maybe you have to go to the library. 1. The Sunday platform for free speech. 2. The Prime Minister lives at no 10. (Chancellor of the Exchequer (Minister of Finance) lives at no 11). 3. The buildings include the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 4. The enormous church was founded in 1065 and many British monarchs have been crowned there. 5. This Church of England in London was designed by the British architect Sir Christopher Wren and constructed between 1675 and Many famous Englishmen are buried there. 6. The Queen s London home. The Changing of the Guards takes place outside this place every day at a.m. (Earlier on Sundays). 7. The famous British Admiral Nelson stands on this column. 8. One of London s most famous features is the name of the clocktower s 13-tonne bell. It was named after Sir Benjamin Hall who had it built. 9. The castle was originally built by William I after the Norman Conquest in Today it is a museum and the home of the British crown jewels. 10. The famous bridge in London. 4 Lets s do it: Step five

5 Buckingham Palace Downing Street The Houses of Parliament Trafalgar Square Tower Bridge Westminster Abbey St. Paul s Cathedral Speaker s Corner Tower of London Big Ben 9 Tower of London 4. St. Paul s Cathedral 6. Buckingham Palace 3. The Houses of Parliament 10. Tower Bridge 1. Speaker s Corner 5. Westminster Abbey 2. Downing Street 7. Trafalgar Square 8. Big Ben 5

6 Scottish Daily Express, 9 June To be in the *present and in the *past. Monstery Fish in Scottish Loch New Sightings in Loch Ness A monster fish which for years has been somewhat of a mystery in Loch Ness was reported to have been seen at ort Augustus. A man... The mysterious monster in Loch Ness at Urguhart Castle. ental 1. person I am 2. person you are 3. person he is flertal she it is is 1. person we are 2. person you are 3. person they are to be i nuti d jeg er du/de er han er hun er den/det er vi er I er de er ental 1. person I was 2. person you were 3. person he was flertal she it was was 1. person we were 2. person you were 3. person they were to be i datid jeg var du/de var han var hun var den/det var vi var I var de var Everybody s Magazine, 21 February Pre-historic monster in Loch Ness Mr Campbell to our reporter: The early morning mist was clearing fast as I came out of my cottage on the banks of Loch Ness. It was an early morning. Then as the mist slowly disappeared under the warm sunlight I witnessed the most incredible sight I have seen in my forty years as a water bailiff on Scotland s biggest loch. Something rose from the water like a monster of pre-historic times, measuring a full thirty feet from tip to tail. This event... Fill in the correct form of to be in the present and in the past. Match the first part of the sentence with the second part of the sentence. Draw lines as shown. is 1. Loch Ness one of a chain lakes remarkably large. 2. The Loch itself formed to have seen the monster. is was 3. Loch Ness many reportings again. 4. Over the centuries there many sightings. was is 5. St. Columba the first to mention Nessie. was were 6. This person also the one who introduced many years ago When a modern road was built along the shore of the Loch, there in the Highlands of Scotland. 8. Modern interest enormous especially during the tourist season. 9. Today scientists often Christianity to Scotland. are is are were 10. They among people who claim the monster in the 8th century. 11. The monster s pet name in the area. Lets s do it: Step five

7 1. Loch Ness er en sø, som ligger i Skotland. Write in English 2. Langs søen var der i gamle dage landsbyer. 3. Der er også landsbyer i dag, især på nordøstbredden. 4. Loch Ness er bemærkelsesværdig stor. 5. Søen er omkring 36 km lang. 6. Nogle steder er Loch Ness 230 m dyb. 7. I det 8. århundrede skrev St. Columba for første gang om uhyret. 8. Urguhart Castle ligger på vestbredden af søen. 9. I gamle dage var der mange mennesker på slottet. 10. I dag er slottet ubeboet. 11. I turistsæsonen er der mange mennesker i området. 12. Nogle siger, at der er et uhyre nede i vandet. 1. Loch Ness is a lake wich is situated in Scotland. 2. Along the lake there were villages in the past. There are also villages today.../there are villages today too, 3. especially on the Northern East bank. 4. Loch Ness is remarkably large. 5. The lake is about 36 km long. 6. At some places Loch Ness is 230 m deep. 7. In the 8th century St. Columba wrote about the monster for the first time. 8. Urguhart Castle is situated on the Western bank of the lake. 9. In the past there were many people on the castle. 10. Today the castle is uninhabited. 11. In the tourist season there are many people in the area. 12. Somebody says that there is a monster down in the water. CROSSWORD måske hjort skak A U D I E N C E b ro B R I D G E fi k G O T R E C a tten E I G H T E E N ogs å A L S O brug e øj e be n hend e P E R H A P S S D U a rm hr. hængte rejsende rotte jeg dø hav tænkte publikum ledning H A I A O I E havde H pludselig O B S U D D E N L Y H U N G A R M L S Y E E H æ g frug t T R A V E L L E R E E G R U I T S guld lufthavn 7

8 To be i førnutid og førdatid To be in the *perfect and in the *pluperfect ental 1. person I have been 2. person you have been 3. person he has been flertal she it has has been been 1. person we have been 2. person you have been 3. person they have been to be i førnuti d Fill in to be in the perfect jeg har været du/de har været han har været hun har været den/det har været vi har været I har været de har været ental 1. person I had been 2. person you had been 3. person he had been 1. Further sightings in the 15th century interesting. 2. In the 1930s, there a lot of local people who claimed to have seen the monster. 3. The Loch like a magnet to frauds and cranks. 4. Almost all the more spectacular photographs fakes. 5. Less easy to discount a brief 16-mm film. has have has been been flertal 6. It almost all over the world. had been to be i førdati d jeg havde været du/de havde været han havde været 7. The pictures of a fast-moving hump like a draw to Scotland. she it had been 1. person we had been 2. person you had been 3. person they had been have been has been been have been have been hun havde været den/det havde været vi havde været I havde været de havde været Mr Campell claims to have seen the monster eighteen times. Fill in to be in the pluperfect 1. The film cuttings a try to prove the existence of the monster. 2. In connection with the many sightings there a lot of tourists in the Loch Ness area. Does Nessie exist? What do you think? had been a) Nessie definitely exists. b) Nessie might exist. c) People who believe that Nessie exists are mad. d) For the moment the most reasonable verdict on the Loch Ness monster is not proven. had been I think that Lets s do it: Step five 8

9 Ingen facit på denne side 9

10 To have i nutid og datid To have in the present and in the past. ental 1. person I have 2. person you have 3. person he has flertal she it has has 1. person we have 2. person you have 3. person they have to have i nuti d jeg har du/de har han har hun har den/det har vi har I har de har ental Fill in the correct form of to have in the present and in the past have 1. Today I a lot of things to do in my garden. 2. Mr Clinton s wife also a lot to do. 3. Mr Clinton and mrs Clinton many plans for their new house today. had have 4. Last year they a nice garden. 5. But now they some dogs and they have spoilt the garden totally. 6. Last summer one of the dogs puppies. have have 7. Now the puppies some old bones on the lawn. 8. We plan to the whole area asphalted, the family said. 9. The municipal authorities no comment on this idea. 10. But the local newspaper another solution to the problem. 11. Why don t they move to another municipality and leave us alone, we already a lot of problems, one of the reporters said. 1. person I had 2. person you had 3. person he had flertal has have to have i datid Write in English 1. Jeg havde mine bolde og min cykel i vores lille garage sidste år. 2. Nu har vi en bil, så mine forældre har brug for pladsen. 3. Bilen er blå og har fire døre. 4. Den gamle bil var en Ford. 5. Den havde ingen radio eller air bag. 6. I dag har min onkel og tante en japansk bil. jeg havd e du/de havd e han havd e 1. she it had had 1. person we had 2. person you had 3. person they had had have has hun havd e den/det havd e vi havd e I havd e de havd e have I had my balls and my bike in our small/little garage last year. 10 Now we have a car so my parents need the room. The car is blue and has four doors. The old car was a ord. It had no radio or airbag. Today my uncle and aunt have a Japanese car Lets s do it: Step five

11 To have i førnutid og førdatid To have in the perfect and in the pluperfect ental 1. person I have had 2. person you have had 3. person he has had flertal she it has Fill in the correct form of to have in the perfect 1. The family the car since The son in the family many model cars. 3. Some of his best friends also some model aeroplanes. 4. Mrs Clinton the same car for almost eleven years. 5. Their neighbour never a car. 6. The Queen of Denmark a Rolls Royce. Write in English to have i førnuti d has had had 1. person we have had 2. person you have had 3. person they have had jeg har haft du/de har haft han har haft hun har haft den/det har haft vi har haft I har haft de har haft ental 1. person I had had 2. person you had had 3. person he had had flertal Rewrite the sentences from above in the pluperfect she it had had had had 1. person we had had 2. person you had had 3. person they had had has had has had have also has had has had has had to have i førdati d jeg havde haft du/de havde haft han havde haft hun havde haft den/det havde haft vi havde haft I havde haft de havde haft 1. The family had had the car since The son in the family had had many model cars. 3. Some of his best friends had also had some model aeroplanes. 4. Mrs Clinton had had the same car for almost eleven years. 5. Their neighbour had never had a car. 6. The Queen of Denmark had had a Rolls Royce. 1. Dronning Margrethe har haft mange kjoler, som hun brugte ved fester. 2. Dronningens mor har også haft mange kjoler. 3. Den kongelige familie havde haft mange smykker, som de havde arvet. 4. Dronningen og prinsen har haft mange gæster til deres sølvbryllup. 5. Alle gæsterne havde haft en dejlig aften. 1. Queen Margrethe has had many dresses which she used at parties. 2. The Queen s mother has also had many dresses./...has had many dresses, too. 3. The Royal amily had had many ornaments which they had inherited. 4. The Queen and the Prince have had many guests at their silver wedding. 5. All the guests had had a nice evening. 11

12 Getting about in London Ingen facit på denne side 12 Lets s do it: Step five

13 Words and phrases Excuse me, can you tell me the way to... Go up/down this street... Turn right/left... At the corner... Cross the bridge... Opposite the... Next to the... Past the... After the next turning... Before the traffic lights... Is it far...? Go straight along... Go through the first/second traffic lights... until... Roundabout. Zebra crossing. Example: Follow the instructions and find out where you have come to: You start in front of Tate Gallery. Go up Millbank until you come to Horseferry Road. Turn right here, cross Lambeth Bridge, and continue along Lambeth Road. Turn right at Lambeth High St. The place you are looking for is situated at the corner of Lambeth High St. and Old Paradise St. Lambeth Recreation Ground The name of the place is: Now it is your turn to guide a stranger to five different places in London. Write the instructions on the lines below and remember each time to start at Tate Gallery Destination: Florence Nightingale Mus*. Instruction: You start in front of Tate Gallery. Go up Millbank until you come to Great George St. Turn right and cross Westminster Bridge. Continue at the street and pass South Bank Lion. Turn right at Lambeth Palace, and the place you are looking for is situated on your right hand. (*Situated between Waterloo Station and St. Thomas Hospital). Destination: Downing Street no. 10. Instruction: You start in front of Tate Gallery. Go up Millbank until you come to the Great George St. Continue straight ahead at Parliament St. The second road on your left hand is Downing Street. So turn down this road, and the place you are looking for is situated on your right hand. Destination: Buckingham Palace. Instruction: You start in front of Tate Gallery. Go down Millbank until you come to Bessborough Gdns. Turn right at Vauxhall Bridge Road. Continue until you come to Victoria St. Turn left and when you come to Palace Road, turn right. When you come to Buckingham Gate, the place you are looking for is situated on your left hand. Destination: Trafalgar Square. Instruction: You start in front of Tate Gallery. Go up Millbank and continue straight ahead at Parliament St. and Whitehall. The place you are looking for is situated by the end of Whitehall. Destination: Westminster Cathedral. Instruction: You start in front of Tate Gallery. Go down Millbank until you come to Bessborough Gdns. Turn right at Vauxhall Bridge Road and continue until you come to rancis Street. Turn tight and after the second street on your left hand, you find the place you are looking for. 13

14 Navneord I - den ubestemte artikel Nouns 1. Navneord kan betegne: levende væsener ting begrebe r 2. Navneord kan inddeles i: egennavne fællesnavne blomst skib kærlighe d Malene bloms t abe by ondskab Snekkersten skib fugl søm glæd e Øresund kærlighe d 3. Fællesnavne kan inddeles i : 4. Navneord, som kan tælles eller ikke tælles: f ælleskøn (n-ord) intetkøn (t-ord ) en en en bloms t dreng abe et et et skib navn dyr tællelige stol bord pige navneord u-tællelige navneord smør mælk sukker Den ubestemte *artikel eller *kendeord, på engelsk *indefinite article. Et tælleligt navneord har en entalsform og en flertalsform. I sætningen I see a boy and some girls er boy og girls ubestemte, man ved ikke præcis, hvem de er. Disse ubestemte former findes både i ental og flertal. Den artikel, man sætter foran for at danne den ubestemte form i ental, kaldes den ubestemte artikel. Fx a policeman, a pupil and a queen. Udfyld skemaerne Men den ubestemte artikel kan også være an. Når ordet efter den ubestemte artikel udtales med en vokallyd i starten, hedder det an. Vokallydene er a, e, i, o, og u. Fx an eye, an honest boy and an ice. Udfyld nu skemaerne med de rigtige ubestemte artikler - a eller an. 14 English apple an a night an an actor a a young man a an officer a an egg a a policeman old man bear word lovely evening barn et æble en nat Danis h en gammel mand en skuespiller en bjørn en ung mand et ord en officer en dejlig aften et æg en lade en politimand English an interview an a green apple an an empty basket a an address a an ear a an hour a evening open window mountain ticket school wardrobe Danis h et interview en aften et grønt æble et åbent vindue en tom kurv et bjerg en adresse en billet et øre en skole en time et klædeskab Lets s do it: Step five

15 Navneord I - den bestemte artikel I sætningen The girl and the boys are at school er the girl og the boys i bestemt form, fordi man tænker på nogle ganske bestemte personer. Disse former findes både i ental (latin *singularis/engelsk *singular) og flertal (latin *pluralis/engelsk *plural). Den bestemte artikel kaldes the. Den bestemte artikel the kan udtales på to måder, men kun skrives på én måde. Når det efterfølgende ord udtales med en konsonantlyd (alle lyde, der ikke er vokallyde), udtales the [ ], fx the cow. Når det efterfølgende ord udtales med en vokallyd, udtales the [ ], fx the apple. Udfyld de tomme felter med [ ], hvis ordet udtales med en konsonantlyd, og [ ], hvis ordet udtales med en vokallyd. 1. The girl wants to know the address. 5. The old man went to town. 2. The angry teacher went red in her face. 6. The open window is broken. 3. All the pupils watched the football match. 7. The young girl played football. 4. The eggs fell to the floor. 8. The red apple was in his basket. Skriv fem sætninger, hvor den bestemte artikel, engelsk *definite article, udtales på de to måder. Anfør med lydskrift, hvordan artiklen udtales ( eller ) Skriv fem sætninger, hvor den ubestemte artikel er a eller an Strange sayings: Underline the correct answer 1. It s not my cup of tea.this means: A) I don t like tea. B) I don t really like it. C) This doesn t belong to me. 3. It s raining cats and dogs.this means: A) It s raining very hard. B) It isn t raining very hard. C) It s not raining. 2. It was a piece of cake. This means: A) I don t like cake. B) It was not very strong, like a cake. C) It is very easy. 4. I ve got cold feet.this means: A) I need new shoes. B) It s very cold in here. C) I don t want to do this now. 15

16 Ordstilling I sætningen Hunden bed postbudet i benet er der ligefrem ordstilling - grundled, latin *subjekt (hunden) før udsagnsled, latin *verballed (bed). x o x o I sætningen I dag bed hunden postbudet i benet er ordstillingen omvendt - udsagnsled (bed) før o x o grundled (hunden). x På dansk har man altså enten ligefrem eller omvendt ordstilling. På engelsk har man derimod næsten altid ligefrem ordstilling. Det betyder altså, at (indsæt de manglende ord) grundled udsagnsled kommer før. Write in English Eks: Vejret er fint i dag = the weather is fine today. I dag er vejret fint = today the weather is fine. 1. For mange år siden hørte jeg en historie. 2. En dag kom en elev 10 minutter for sent. 3. Først sagde læreren ingenting. 4. Men senere blev læreren gal, og så slog han eleven. 5. Eleven måtte derefter på hospitalet. Many years ago I heard a story. 1. One day a pupil/student was ten minutes late. irst the teacher said nothing. But later the teacher went mad, and then he hit the pupil/student. After that the pupil/student had to go to the hospital Ovenover har du lært, at ordstillingen normalt er ligefrem på engelsk. I enkelte tilfælde, når sætningen indledes med biord(ene), latin *adverbium, hardly, never, not only, anvendes omvendt ordstilling. Eks: hardly had she noticed it before she... eller not only did he cheat... Now write in English 1. Aldrig før havde han været så glad. 2. Ikke alene er hun køn, hun er også intelligent. 3. Næppe var skuespilleren gået, før publikum begyndte at råbe. 4. Aldrig havde så mange set filmen Evita på en uge. 5. Aldrig før har jeg været så overrasket Never before had he been so happy. Not only is she pretty, she is also intelligent. Hardly had the actor left before the audience started to shout. Never had so many seen the movie Evita in one week. Never before have I been so surprised. Lets s do it: Step five

17 Names of animals Look at the Danish names of animals, birds, and fish in the boxes below. Find the corresponding English names in the word squares in all directions - across/down/backwards/forwards and crisscross. When you have found them all, there are some remaining letters. Make of these three names of animals. Clue: 1. A typical big animal from the areas of Africa. The name starts with H and has 12 letters. 2. An endangered big animal from the African savannah. The name starts with R and has 10 letters. 3. This animal lives among other places in Denmark. It has long ears. The name starts with R and has 6 letters. løve elefan t æsel fis k får ko tiger slange ræv kat papegøje kængur o fugl abe skildpadd e hval hund mus E K A N S C O W E S U O M O L P H I P P R H S I C O E A O U O O I E D R I B A R P R P S B X E E L T R U T A H R O G E P M O N K E Y T G A O N O I L B I E L A H W N N T T D R A H Y E K N O D A T A M R E G I T N C O R S K rhinoceros hippopotamus rabbit The animals are:

18 Navneord II *Regular nouns Hovedregel: De fleste engelske navneord, *nouns eller på latin *substantiver, er regelmæssige, dvs. de tilføjer i flertal -s eller -es til entalsformen. Regelmæssig flertalsdannelse: Regel 1. Regel 2. Regel 3. Regel 4. Normalt tilføjes -s til entalsformen. Eks. girl/girls, ball/balls Efter hvislelyd (s, x, z, ch, sh) tilføjes -es til entalsformen. Eks. box/boxes, glass/glasses Efter konsonant + o tilføjes -es til entalsformen. Eks. tomato/tomatoes, hero/heroes. Efter vokal + o, samt i forkortelser og låneord, tilføjes -s til entalsformen. Eks. studio/studios, radio/radios (som svarer til regel 1) yregel 5. Efter konsonant + y ændres y til -ie + s. Eks. baby/babies, country/countries Write in English 1. Jeg har halvtreds tomater i to kasser i mit hus. 2. Der er mange filmstudier i Hollywood i Los Angeles, Californien. 3. De to familier havde tilsammen tre babyer. 4. Fru Johnson havde to ønsker. 5. Det første var, at hun ville få breve fra sine venner i mange forskellige lande. 6. Det andet var at få to radioer - én til dagligstuen og én til køkkenet. 1. I have fifty tomatoes in two boxes in my house. 2. There are many film studios in Hollywood in Los Angeles, California. 3. The two families had all together three babies. 4. Mrs Johnson had two wishes. The first was that she would get letters from her friends in many 5. different countries. The second was to get two radios - one for her living room and one for 6. her kitchen. Unhealthy Lives Match the first part of the sentence through should/shouldn t with the second part of the sentence. Draw lines A woman with a bad cough eat less 18 A dog A fat man A boy A girl with a walkman should shouldn t stop smoking put some more clothes on turn the volume down eat food from a boy s plate Lets s do it: Step five

19 Navneord II *Irregular nouns Uregelmæssig flertalsdannelse: Regel 6. Nogle substantiver, der ender på -f eller -fe, forandrer -f, og endelsen bliver da -ves: calf/calves Udover ovennævnte eksempel drejer det sig om 12 andre substantiver. elf half knife leaf life loaf self sheaf shelf thief wife wolf Andre substantiver, der ender på -f eller på -fe, danner flertal efter hovedreglen: cliff/cliffs, safe/safes. Regel 7. Nogle få substantiver er helt uregelmæssige. Dem må du lære udenad. child/children foot/feet goose/geese louse/lice man/men mouse/mice ox/oxen tooth/teeth woman/women Regel 8. Nogle substantiver har samme form i ental og i flertal: fish/fish Dette gælder blandt andet nogle dyrenavne: deer/deer mackerel/mackerel plaice/plaice salmon/salmon sheep/sheep trout/trout Regel 9. Endelig findes en række substantiver, der er utællelige (men tællelige på dansk), og som derfor kun har en form - ental: advice furniture information luck money news Hvis man vil udtrykke en vis mængde, må det ske ved hjælp af: much, a lot of, pieces of, some eller any. Watch out! Where is my money? It is on the table. Regel 10. Til slut er der en række substantiver, der betegner en beklædningsgenstand eller et instrument (der består af to sammenhængende dele): Disse har kun én form - flertal. pants pyjamas shorts clothes glasses scissors tongs Watch out!! My glasses are gone. Where are my pants. Where are my scissors. 19

20 Test your knowledge Write the nouns below in the plural and the rule number (1-10) When you have finished, add up the numbers and check if you have done right Ental month watch country lorry ox hero foot key shelf thief path knife shoe kilo disco boy leaf wolf half chef clothes rose life child kiss 20 Flerta l Regel nr. Total: 99 Ental Flerta l Regel nr. Total: 95 Ental Flerta l months 1 play plays 1 heart hearts 1 watches 2 calf calves 6 telephon e telephones 1 countries 5 mous e mice 7 studio studios 4 lorries 5 bus buses 2 piano pianos 4 oxen 7 deer deer 8 loaf loaves 6 heroes 3 box boxes 2 bridge bridges 1 feet 7 woman women 7 languag e languages 1 keys 1 advic e advices 1 gentlema n gentlemen 7 shelves 6 chie f chiefs 1 prize prizes 1 thieves 6 goose geese 7 mone y money 9 paths 1 cottage cottages 1 society societies 5 knives 6 famil y families 5 table tables 1 shoes 1 monkey monkeys 1 industr y industries 5 kilos 1 self selves 6 furnitur e furniture 9 discos 1 fis h fish 8 fisherma n fishermen 7 boys 1 clif f cliffs 1 safe safes 6 leaves 6 tooth teeth 7 butter butter 8 wolves 6 churc h churches 2 trout trout 8 halves 6 uncl e uncles 1 brush brushes 2 chefs 1 radio radios 4 luc k luck 9 clothes 10 lous e lice 7 price prices 1 roses 1 penny pennies 5 informatio n information 9 lives 6 roof roofs 1 grown-u p grown-ups 1 children 7 face faces 1 shop shops 1 kisses 2 potato potatoes 3 news news 9 Regel nr. 116 Total: find out yourself Lets s do it: Step five

21 Activity page l A question of food Names of foods can mean different things. When we, for example, say that something is fishy, we mean it s strange or mysterious. Now, look below and underline the right answer. When you connect the letter from the correct brackets you will come up with a name of a vegetable. Strange sayings. What do they mean: 1. You re going bananas. You are: C) happy and crazy D) burning yellow E) eating lots of bananas 4. Something looks like a dog s dinner. This means it is: T) great U) a mess V) clean and tidy 2. You feel cheesed off. when: T) you don t eat much cheese U) you are bored V) you are listening to your favourite cd 5. When you are in a pickle. This means: L) you re happy and relaxed M) you re in trouble N) you re asleep 3. Knowing your onions. means: C) you re clever D) you re stupid E) you re a good cook 6. A tramp asks you for some bread. This means: D) he wants bread C) he wants spirits B) he wants money 7. You re on holiday in the Big Apple. 8. Someone says: You re a chicken. Where are you then: C) in Dublin, Ireland D) in Sidney, Australia E) in New York, USA This means: Q) you re very thin R) you re afraid of something S) you re very pale CUCUMBER The name of the vegetable is: Analyses to page 9: Do you love school? A You like your holidays, but school is better! You re clever, the teachers like you, and you have some good friends. B You like school, but sometimes you are lazy, because you think your friends are more important than homework. C You re quiet and good and you try to do well. But you like the holidays better than school. Don t worry! School is not so bad. D For you there are three important things in the school day: the breaks between the lessons, the lunch hour and the moment when the school bell tells you it s time to go home. E You don t like school - but there is some hope for you because you re doing Step 5! Well done! 21

22 Nutid - simpel tid og udvidet tid Simpel nutid, eller almindelig nutid, engelsk *present og latin *præsens, anvendes, når man fortæller om en vane, eller noget, som altid sker (det, som gælder i almindelighed). Det vil sige, at man anvender simpel nutid ved det regelmæssige og afsluttede handlingsforløb, fx - altid - en gang om ugen - hver eftermiddag etc. Eks: 1) She goes to town once a week (simpel nutid, fordi handlingen er regelmæssig - once a week). 2) They often ask a lot of questions (simpel nutid, fordi handlingen er regelmæssig - often). 3) In England it rains a lot. (simpel nutid, fordi handlingen gælder i almindelighed) Now, write in English 1. Jeg laver altid mine lektier. 4. De bor i et hus på landet. 2. Hver fredag gør jeg rent på mit værelse. 5. Hver morgen og aften fodrer de fårene. 3. Om sommeren bor vi hos min onkel og tante. 6. En gang om ugen vasker jeg min bil. I allways make my homework. Every riday I clean my room. In summer we live at my uncle and aunt. They live in a house in the country. Every morning and evening they feed the sheep. Once a week I wash my car Udvidet nutid, eller the progressive tense, anvendes om en handling, der er i gang nu og har en begrænset varighed. Eller om en handling, der foregår omkring et tidspunkt i nutiden. Udfyld skemaet: Udvidet tid dannes ved hjælp af hjælpeverbet, engelsk *auxiliary verb, be + ing-form af det efterfølgende verbum. Fx she is talking to the boy. S impel nutid (almindelig nutid) Udvidet nutid (ing-form) I smile you she we 22 smile smiles smile English he smiles it smiles you smile they smile jeg han den Danish smiler du smiler smiler hun smiler smiler vi smiler I smiler de smiler Englis h I am smilin g Danish j eg smiler (nu) you are smiling du smile r he is smilin g han smiler she is smiling hun smile r it is smilin g den smiler we are smiling vi smile r you are smilin g I smiler they are smiling de smile r Lets s do it: Step five

23 Write in English 1. Han laver mad (er i gang med at). 4. Min mor bager (er ved at) en kage. 2. Det er ved at blive mørkt. 5. Vi hjælper (er ved at ) den gamle dame. 3. Regner det nu? He is cooking It is getting dark. Is it raining now? My mother is baking a cake. We are helping the old lady Sammenlign disse to sætninger: The teacher smokes. Denne sætning kan oversættes med : Læreren ryger, men her er der tale om en vane, simpel nutid. Læreren er altså ryger. The teacher is smoking. Denne sætning kan også oversættes med: Læreren ryger, men nu sidder han og ryger lige præcis nu. Udvidet nutid. Mange danskere bruger alt for ofte udvidet tid. Når man skal fortælle, hvad man plejer (har for vane) at gøre, skal man anvende simpel tid. Write in English using the present. (simpel nutid) 1. Min mor taler spansk og fransk. 2. Vi spiller tennis om fredagen. 3. Kate og Tom kan lide dyr. 4. Vi tager på camping til Wales hvert år. 5. I Italien taler de italiensk. 6. Min bedstemor og bedstefar spiller kort hver lørdag aften. 7. Dronningen ryger 30 cigaretter om dagen. 8. Efter arbejde venter jeg på bussen. 9. Min søster taler flydende engelsk. 10. Hver jul skriver eleven et brev til læreren. 1. My mother speaks Spanish and rench. 2. We play tennis on riday. 3. Kate and Tom like animals. 4. We go camping in Wales every year. 5. In Italy they speak Italian. 6. My grandmother and grandfather play cards every Saturday night. 7. The Queen smokes 30 cigarettes a day. 8. After work I wait for the bus. 9. My sister speaks English fluently. 10. Every Christmas the pupil/student writes a letter to the teacher. 23

24 Read the text about Stonehenge The huge stone circle at Stonehenge in central southern England is the country s most fascinating 1 prehistoric 2 puzzle 3. The construction of the monument has been attributed 4 to many ancient 5 peoples 6 throughout the years, but the most captivating 7 and enduring 8 influence 9 has been to the Druides 10. Built between 2750 and 1300 BC, it was possibly a place of worship 11, but it has also been called an astronomical observatory for marking 12 special events 13 on the calender. But what we know is that the purpose 14 must have been very important because of the effort 15 and investment 16 that it took to construct Stonehenge. Find out what the 16 difficult words mean in Danish 1. fængslende, fortryllende, betagende, spændende 2. forhistorisk 3. gåde, problem 4. tillagt 5. ældgamle, oldnordiske 6. folkeslag 7. fængslende, bedårende, besnærende 8. varige, blivende Finish the eight sentences using the lines in the box below. Fill in the missing words if necessary. Britain s national icon. 9. indflydelse, påvirkning 10. keltiske præster 11. gudsdyrkelse, tilbedelse 12. mærkning, afmærkning 13. begivenheder 14. hensigt, formål 15. anstrengelse, bestræbelse 16. investering Stonehenge is surely The stones we see today represent Stonehenge in ruins. A lot of the original stones have fallen down or have been removed by previous generations. Many stones were used for home construction or road repair. Its original purpose is unclear to us. Some have claimed that is was a sacred burial ground./that it was a place of worship. It has also been called an astronomical observatory. Others have suggested that it was a sacred burial ground./that it was a place of worship. 24 home construction or road repair. that it a sacred burial ground. an astronomical observatory. unclear to us. that it a place of worship. represent Stonehenge in ruins. Britain s national icon. or been removed by previous generations. Lets s do it: Step five

25 Rhyming Find and match the words that rhyme as shown Now, make your own list of words that rhyme give alive isle figure glove heaven here white hight rule write mud five love ride tide soul whole blood penny truth live year tear fool kite many tile seven youth bigger fear Family puzzles Fill in the correct word from the box Your brother is your mother s son Your sister is your parents daughter Your father s sister is your aunt Your parents son is your brother Your mother s brother is your uncle Your brother s little boy is your father s grandson Your uncle is your father s brother Your aunt is your mother s sister Your father s wife is your mother Your uncle is your cousin s father Your father s father is your grandfather Your aunt s son is your mother s nephew Your mother s sister is your aunt Your mother s sister s daughter is your cousin Words to be used: nephew aunt father, brother grandson uncle daughter brother aunt son sister mother grandfather cousin 25

26 Datid - simpel tid og udvidet tid Simpel datid, eller almindelig datid, engelsk the past og latin *imperfektum, anvendes i princippet på samme måde som ved simpel nutid. Det vil sige, man anvender simpel datid, når man fortæller om en vane eller tilstand, som har stået på længe, eller blot ønsker at fortælle om, hvad der skete. Indsæt den rigtige datidsform af verbet i parentes. (Simpel datid) 1. They went to town last Friday to visit their old aunt and uncle. (go) 2. We visited the old town centre last Saturday and met some friends. (visit, meet) 3. It never happened to me. (happen) 4. I played tennis every other day. (play) 5. We had breakfast at 7 o clock in the morning. (have) Udvidet datid anvendes til at beskrive en tilstand, som kun havde en kort varighed, og der opgives ikke hvor længe. Udvidet datid dannes af datidsformen af be + ing-form af det efterfølgende verbum. Udfyld skemaet: S impel datid (almindelig datid) Udvidet datid (ing-form ) English Danis h Englis h Danis h I played j eg legede was playing when... I jeg legede, da.. y ou played you were playing when... du legede, da.. du legede he played h an legede he was playing when.. hen legede, da... s he played she was playing when... hun legede, da.. hun legede it played d en legede it was playing when... den legede, da... w e played we were playing when... vi legede, da.. vi legede you played I legede you were playing when I legede, da... t hey played they were playing when... de legede, da.. de legede Indsæt den rigtige datidsform af verbet i parentes. (Udvidet datid) 1. When I entered the shop the assistant a customer. (serve) was watching 2. I TV when the telephone rang. (watch) were waiting 3. We for you but you didn t turn up. (wait) 4. When the teacher entered the classroom, some of the pupils their homework. (do) was writing was serving were doing 5. I a letter when you knocked at my door. (write) Lets s do it: Step five 26

27 Nutid og datid - simpel tid og udvidet tid Nu har du arbejdet med de forskellige tider - simpel eller udvidet. Nu skal du afprøve din viden i nedenstående opgaver. Men se lige på skemaet først. simpel tid... Om det, der gælder i almindelighed: In Denmark it rains a lot. She plays tennis better than table tennis. Om det, der sker regelmæssigt, vanemæssigt eller gentaget: They have a drink together on Fridays. We always had breakfast at 7 o clock when I was a child. Andre ord kan markere en gentagelse: Never, ever, often, seldom, rarely, sometimes etc. Om en handling, der er afsluttet i fortiden: Mr Morgan painted his house green. Mrs Morgan read all the comics I sent to her. udvidet tid... Om det, der sker over en begrænset periode: Look, it is raining. She is playing fine today. om det, man er i færd med: Where are the children? They are playing in the garden. We were having tea when the telephone rang. Om en handling, der foregik over en periode i fortiden: She was playing with her children when her husband entered the room. Mrs Morgan has been reading the comics ever since I sent them to her. Write in English 1. Min far var ved at lave mad, da min bror kom hjem. 2. Han laver lektier hver dag. 3. Lige nu taler han med naboen. 4. De har aftalt at mødes en gang om ugen. 5. Vi var ved at spise aftensmad, da en eller anden bankede på døren. 6. Det er ved at blive mørkt. 7. Hun sad og røg*, da jeg så ham. 8. Han smilede, da jeg spurgte, om han kendte Ursula. 9. Hvor er hun? Hun er ved at male døren. 1o. De så tv, da de hørte bilen. *Når to verber forbindes med og, sættes det første verbum i simpel tid, det andet i udvidet tid og og oversættes ikke. 1. My father was cooking when my brother came home. 2. He makes homework every day. 3. Right now he talks to the neighbour. 4. They have arranged to meet once a week. 5. We were having supper when somebody knocked at the door. 6. It is getting dark. 7. She sat smoking when I saw him. 8. He smiled when I asked if he knew Ursula. 9. Where is she? She is painting the door. 10. They were watching TV when they heard the car. 27

28 Fremtid Fremtid, latin *futurum, engelsk the *future, fortæller om noget, man forventer, frygter eller håber vil ske. Det fremtidige kan således ske i løbet af nogle få sekunder til flere år. På dansk danner vi fremtid ved at sætte verbet, udsagnsordet, i nutid eller ved at anvende vil. Eks: Jeg kommer på søndag, eller jeg vil komme på søndag, udtrykker fremtid. Læg mærke til, at efter modalverbet, vil, kommer verbet, udsagnsordet, i navneform. Det gælder også på engelsk. På engelsk kan fremtid dannes på flere forskellige måder ved hjælp af: Will/would er den almindeligste måde at udtrykke en ren fremtid på. Anvendes, når der ikke ligger nogen vilje bag, eller hvis det ikke er et planlagt forløb. Eks: She will get up very early tomorrow. We knew she would be late. Shall/should kan officielt bruges i 1. person ental og 1. person flertal, men will og would har stort set erstattet disse former i daglig tale Eks: I shall wear my new suit at the disco. We shall have dinner late this evening. ental 1. person I shall/i'll 2. person you will/you'l l 3. person he will/he'l l flertal she it will/she'll will/it'll 1. person we shall/we'l l 2. person you will/you'l l 3. person they will/they'l l shall/wil l jeg vil du/de vil han vil hun vil den/det vil vi vil I vil de vil *Officielt skal man efter engelsk grammatik skrive shall i 1. person ental og 1. person flertal. I praksis er denne form næsten forsvundet, så man siger I will see you tomorrow i stedet for I shall see you tomorrow. Hvis du vænner dig til at sammenskrive I og shall, bliver det altid rigtigt. I will = I ll og I shall = I ll. Se skemaet. Now, write in English. Use only will/shall. 1. Jeg glemmer aldrig* hendes ansigt. 2. Forældrene kommer i morgen. (vil komme) 3. Hun ved, at de kommer for sent. (vil komme) 4. Hans kone betaler for ham. (vil betale) 5. Han kommer kl. 15. (vil komme) 6. Går de aldrig hjem. (vil de aldrig gå...) * Biordet skal på engelsk placeres foran hovedudsagnsordet. 1. I shal never forget her face. 2. The parrents will come tomorrow. 3. She knows that they will be late. 4. His wife will pay for him. 5. He will come at 3 o clock/3 p.m. 6. Will they never go home? Lets s do it: Step five 28

29 Fremtid To be going to anvendes om nær fremtid, ofte om en hensigt, eller noget, der er planlagt eller bestemt på forhånd. Om noget, der regnes for sandsynligt, vil ske, noget, der er uundgåeligt. Eks: We are going to meet the Johnsons this afternoon. Udfyld skemaet med shall/will og be going to S impel datid (almindelig datid) Udvidet datid (ing-form ) English Danis h Englis h Danis h I played j eg legede was playing when... I jeg legede, da.. y ou played du legede you were playing when... du legede, da.. he played h an legede he was playing when.. han legede, da... s he played hun legede she was playing when... hun legede, da.. it played d en legede it was playing when... den legede, da... w e played vi legede we were playing when... vi legede, da.. you played I legede you were playing when I legede, da... t hey played de legede they were playing when... de legede, da.. Now, write in English. Use the form to be going to. 1. Jeg vil sælge min bil i næste måned. 2. Bliver du her i nat? 3. Se på himlen, det bliver regn. 4. Vil I besøge Skotland næste år? 5. Ja, men først vil vi besøge en ven i London. 6. Hvad vil du gøre? 1. I am going to sell my car next month. 2. Are you going to stay here tonight? 3. Look at the sky, it is going to rain. 4. Are you going to visit Scotland next year? 5. Yes, but first we are going to visit a friend in London. 6. What are you going to do? 29

30 Now, write in English. Use the form be going to. 1. Jeg vil købe en ny båndoptager. 4. Hvad vil I gøre? 2. Bliver dine forældre her i aften? 5. Vil I besøge onkel og tante i morgen? 3. Ja, men først vil de sælge deres bil. 6. Bliver dine forældre her? 1. I am going to buy a new tape recorder. 2. Are your parents going to stay here tonight? 3. Yes, but first they are going to sell their car. 4. What are you going to do? 5. Are you going to visit uncle and aunt tomorrow? 6. Are your parents going to stay here? Regel-repetition På engelsk danner man fremtid ved at anvende will/ evt. shall eller to be going to. På dansk anvendes almindelig nutid. Be going to anvendes om det, der allerede er planlagt, eller det, der regnes for sandsynligt, vil ske. Write in English using will or be going to. Use the words in the brackets 1. (miss) We must go home now. If we don t we the bus. 2. (help) I know it isn t easy. Come here! I you. 3. (go) I am sorry. I can t help you tonight. I visit my aunt. 4. (come) I have to leave you soon. My parents visit me tonight. Are 5. (open) you the letter now? 6. (bite) Watch out. The dog you. 7. (wash) My daughter has bought some shampoo. She her hair. 8. (sing) Madonna is in Las Vegas now. She at Caesar s Palace. going to open is going to bite will miss will help am going to visit are coming to will wash going to sing Write in English. Brug kun formen will/ shall for at udtrykke fremtid. NB. De fremhævede biord skal placeres foran hovedudsagnsordet 1. Jeg glemmer aldrig hendes mand. 4. Jeg husker altid et navn. 2. Hun kommer kl Vi betaler for vores mad. 3. Jeg vil finde min bold. 6. Jeg kommer i morgen. 1. I shall never forget her husband. 4. I shall allways remember a name. 2. She will come at 3 o clock. 5. We shall pay for our food. 3. I shall find my ball. 6. I shall come tomorrow. Lets s do it: Step five 30

31 Every year in spring danger lurks in the British garden. The British love their gardens, but apparently they do not belong to the world s safest gardeners. Every year about are treated at hospitals because of garden accidents. Now, look at the picture and describe as many situations as possible which might cause accidents. Make sentences like this: If he/she... If he/she doesn t...he/she might... He/she could... if he/she isn t careful He/she had better watch out, otherwise he/she will.. That... looks as if it might... Words that might help you: danger electric lawn mowers injury/injuries blades cut the finger electrocute oneself cause rake garden tools barbecue injury fall off ladders dangerous don t pay attention to... cable spade into ponds Death and Destruction in the British Garden Woodend Tuesday 24 June Lost his finger Yesterday morning, Monday 23 June, mr Brown was taken to the hospital by his shocked wife. Our reporter has come up with further information about the accident. Mrs Brown explained that they had had a row about the washing- up the night before. Monday morning mr Brown had asked his wife to cut the grass as she used to, but she had answered that if he wanted the lawn to be mowed he had to do it himself. Mrs Brown continued her explanation and said that her husband therefore started to cut the grass alone. Suddenly a little twig got stuck in the electric lawn mower and in order to get it out he forgot to turn off the machine. Unfortunately, when he with his right hand had removed the object, the lawn mower started to run, and the blades cut off one of his fingers. Mrs Brown finished the interview by saying, and now I have to do the washing-up for another one or two months all by myself. pr Start here: 31

32 In 1666 a terrible fire destroyed much of the City of London. The fire broke out in a bakery early in the morning on Sunday, 2 September The bakery was situated in Pudding Lane and probably the owner, Thomas Farrinor, had left a pile of sticks too near the oven. But actually no one knows for sure what started the fire. Soon the fire spread to the neighbouring wooden houses which were very dry because of a very hot summer. This fact, in connection with the narrow streets and a strong easterly wind, caused an appalling disaster. In the beginning no one took any notice of the starting fire. A man named Samuel Pepys woke up at 3 o clock in the morning, but as he later wrote in his diary he thought the fire was far enough off and he went to bed for the second time. Another person, the Lord Mayor, Sir Thomas Bludworth, had also noticed the fire but he too thought it was a minor fire and went to sleep again. Many of the nearby houses, especially near the river, were warehouses full of very inflammable goods like candle wax and barrels containing oil and spirits. In the morning, over three hundred houses were burning. Finally Samuel Pepys realized the serious situation and he went to warn the King, Charles II. Pepys was immediately The Fire of London 1666 sent to the Lord Mayor with instructions to pull down the houses in order to prevent the fire to spread. But only few people listened to him and many of them refused to let the soldiers destroy their property. On Tuesday, 4 September, two days after the start of the fire, King Charles put his brother, the Duke of York, in charge of the operations. Immediately he organized demolition. The King himself took part in the work and in order to encourage the workers he distributed gold coins to them. Finally on Thursday, 6 September, the fire was under control. To the northwest the soldiers succeeded in stopping the fire at Pie Corner. Pepys house was unharmed and miraculously only eight persons died but over houses burnt down or were destroyed. Almost persons were homeless and many went to the country. Eight churches in London burnt down including St. Paul s Cathedral and 80 per cent of the medieval City of London had disappeared for ever. Questions to the text 1. What probably started the fire of London? 5. Why did king Charles put his brother in charge? 2. What did Samuel Pepys do at 3 o clock in the morning? 6. Why did the King distribute gold coins? 3. What did the Lord Mayor do? 7. What happened on Thursday, 6 September? 4. Why did Samuel Pepys realize that the situation was serious? 8. What was the cost of the great fire of London? 1. The fire broke out in a bakery early in the morning on Sunday, 2 september Samuel Pepys woke up, but he thought the fire was far enough off and went to bed for the second time. 3. The Lord Mayor gave orders to pull down the houses in order to prevent the fire to spread, but only few people listened to him. 4. Samuel Pepys realized that the situation was serious because over three hundred houses were burning. 5. King Charles put his brother, The Duke of York, in charge to organize demolition. 6. The King distributed gold coins to encourage the workers. 32 Lets s do it: Step five

33 7. On Thursday, 6 September, finally the fire was under control. 8. The cost of the great fire of London was 8 dead persons, 13,000 burnt down or destroyed houses, almost 250,000 homeless persons, eight churches, and 80 per dent of the medieval city of London had disappeared for ever. (Svær) Rewrite the second paragraph (part) of the text (From: In the... to Many of the... ) in the present e. g. change all verbs into the present (in all ten places) In the beginning no one takes any... notice of the starting fire. A man named Samuel Pepys wakes up at 3 o clock in the morning, but as he later writes in his diary he thinks the fire is far enough off and he goes to bed for the second time. Another person, the Lord Mayor, Sir Thomas Bludworth, has also noticed the fire but he too thinks it is a minor fire and goes to sleep again. (Svær) Find 5 *regular and 5 *irregular verbs in the text and write them in the boxes using he or she as shown Regular verbs: to infinitive organize present she organizes past she organized she perfec t has organized pluperfec t she had organized to destroy she destroys she destroyed she has destroyed she had destroyed to start she starts she started she has started she had started to cause she causes she caused she has caused she had caused to notice she notices she noticed she has noticed she had noticed Irregular verbs: infinitive present Find 10 prepositions in the text and write them on the line in English and Danish past perfec t pluperfec t to break she breaks she broke she has broken she had broken to be she is she was she has been she had been to have she has she had she has had she had had to leave she leaves she left she has left she had left to know she knows she knew she has known she had known 33

34 Forholdsord *Prepositions Forholdsord - *præpositioner - er ord, som fortæller noget om den måde, ting eller personer forholder sig til hinanden på. Det lyder meget enkelt, Now look at these examples where you have to translate the Danish preposition af. 1. The ring is made of gold (lavet af). 2. The ring is made by a goldsmith (lavet af). 3. The prisoner died from his wounds (døde af). 4. Sherlock Holmes was trembling with fear (af frygt). 5. The robber laughed at the policeman (lo af/ad). Write the English prepositions (præpositioner) from the five sentences here: As you can see it is difficult to use the English prepositions. Now look at the sentences below. Translate into Danish and write the prepositions in English and Danish men faktisk er korrekt anvendelse af forholdsord noget af det sværeste inden for engelsk grammatik. Præpositioner kan ikke bøjes og kan ikke stå alene. of by from with at 1. The cat was sitting between the houses. 6. It is beneath my dignity. 2. Peter was waiting at the gate. 7. Go ahead with the project. 3. There was a crack above the window. 8. She lived with him. 4. The bike was behind the car. 9. My sister is behind me. 5. There were ten birds on the roof. 10. It must be done before next Friday. Katten sad imellem (between) husene. Peter ventede ved (at) porten. Der var en revne over (above) vinduet. Cyklen var bagved (behind) bilen. Der var ti fugle på (on) taget. Det er under (beneath) min værdighed. ortsæt med (with) projektet. Hun boede hos (with) ham. Min søster er bagved (behind) mig. Det må være gjort før (before) næste fredag NB!!! 34 Ingen præpositioner i forbindelse med next, last og this. I ll see her next week. They visited the teacher late last night. This year I m going to do all my homework. Lets s do it: Step five

35 Præpositioner l Tidspræpositioner Præpositionerne kan inddeles i 3 grupper, der har noget at gøre med deres betydning (tid, bevægelse og sted). Tidspræpositioner Betydnin g Anvendels e Eksempe l at: om, på klokkeslet/tidspunk t 1) 2) See you at seven o'clock. She woke up at midnight. in: i, i løbet af, om, på år/årstid/tidsru m 1) 2) 3) My mother was born in In summer I go to the beach. I'll be back in two hours. on: på dag/dato 1) 2) 3) I saw the dog on that day. See you on Friday. My birthday is on 5 July. Write in English 1. Min fødselsdag er den 12. august. 7. Lad os tage til Italien om to år. 2. Vi så kometen ved midnat. 8. Han begyndte at arbejde ved midnat. 3. Om vinteren tager jeg på skitur.* 9. Om tre uger tager vi på camping til Sverige.* 4. Jeg vågnede ved midnat. 10. Vores sommerferie begynder i juni. 5. De mødtes klokken ti om morgenen. 11. Jeg kommer om to minutter. 6. De var begge født i Om sommeren tager vi ofte til stranden.* *Pas på ordstillingen 1. My birthday is on August 12th. 2. We saw the comet at midnight. 3. In winter I go skiing. 4. I woke up at midnight. 5. They met at ten o clock in the morning. 6. They were both born in Let us go to Italy in two years. 8. He started working at midnight. 9. In three weeks we go camping in Sweden. 10. Our summer holiday start in June. 11. I come in two minutes. 12. In summer we often go to the beach. 35

36 Tidspræpositioner fortsat Tidspræpositioner Betydning Anvendels e Eksempe l ago for...side n f or længe siden I saw my friends two month ago. during under/ i om perioden He was in Norway during the war. for i o m varighede n We didn't see her for five days. Write in English using all time prepositions: 1. Jeg blev gift for 10 år siden. 2. Eleven skal være i skole kl. 8, siger læreren. 3. Om fire uger tager vi på camping. 4. For mange år siden besøgte vi Paris. 5. Det er min fødselsdag d. 24. december. 6. Om morgenen plejer vi at synge sange. 7. Under krigen var der ikke så mange soldater i Danmark. 8. Vi blev kun en uge i Paris. 9. Den russiske præsident talte i timevis. 10. Vore naboer var i Skotland i et år. 1. I was married ten years ago. 2. The pupil/student must be at school at 8 o clock, the teacher says. 3. In four weeks we go camping. 4. Many years we visited Paris. 5. It is my birthday on December 24th. 6. In the morning we use the sing songs. 7. During the war there were not so many soldiers in Denmark. 8. We only stayed for a week in Paris. 9. The Russian president talked for hours. 10. Our neighbours were in Scotland for a year. nyttig til 36 spand tiende du Y blå spise U S E U L A hel t B A A læs e L C N h øne U ty v T H I E sma l N A R R O W K I T C H E N E E G E A E H E R bruge U S E A Y onsdag genstand O B J E C T W E D N E S D A B T bi Y køkken enorm E N O R M O U S R O A D T O vej S fare nær N altid Lets s do it: Step five

37 Præpositioner II Bevægelsespræpositioner Præpositioner Betydnin g Eksempe l across along by from...to in/into on/onto off out of ( tværs) over She swam aross the river. l angs med/hen ad They went along the street. m ed The class went by bus and train. f ra...til Every day he walkes from his home to school. i/ind i 1) She was swimming in the pool. 2) She jumps into the water. o p på The conductor jumped onto the bus. a f/bort Keep off the grass. u d af They went out of the shop. Now write in English. 1. De gik fra England til Skotland. 2. Jeg mødte hende i flyet. 3. Da han var færdig, lagde han bogen ind i et skab. 4. Senere sprang han på et tog. 5. Han stod af ved den næste station. 6. Lad os komme ud af denne butik nu, sagde den gamle dame. 7. Bill Clinton tog med fly, da han besøgte Europa. 8. Bussen kørte langs med jernbanen. 9. Politibetjenten gik ud af politistationen. 10. Derefter gik han tværs over vejen. 1. They walked from England to Scotland. 2. I met her in the plane. 3. When he had finished, he put the book into a cupboard. 4. Later he jumped on a train. 5. He went off at the next station. 6. Let us get out of this shop now, the old lady said. 7. Bill Clinton went by plane when he visited Europe. 8. The bus drove along the railroad. 9. The police officer went/walked out of the police station. 10. After that he went/walked across the street. 37

38 Præpositioner III Stedspræpositioner Stedspræpositioner Betydning Anvendels e Eksempe l at hos/i/til/ve d om punkt eller mindre sted 1) See you at the corner. 2) They met at the Baker's. in i/på o m et område eller rum 1) He listened to music in the park. on i/på/ve d om flade eller lini e Write in English 1. De fandt den gamle mand i skoven. 5. Kurven med æbler var på bordet. 2. Familien boede på kysten. 6. Vi så læreren hos købmanden. 3. Min far studerede ved universitetet i mange år. 7. Bedstemoderen sad i sin lænestol og læste i en avis. 4. Familien var på stranden hele dagen. 8. Jeg mødte min skolekammerat på hjørnet. 9. Alle flaskerne fra festen var på gulvet dagen efter. 10. H. C. Andersen arbejdede hver dag i sit lille værelse. 1) The picture hang on the wall. 2) The houses stood right on the lake. 1. They found the old man in the forest. 2. The family lived on the coast. 3. My father studied at the university for many years. 4. The family was on the beach all day. 5. The basket with apples was on the table. 6. We saw the teacher at the grocer s. 7. The grandmother sat in her armchair reading a newspaper. 8. I met my school friend at the corner. 9. All the bottles from the party was on the floor the following day. 10. H.C.Andersen worked every day in his small room. What do they mean? Draw lines look after look at look for look in look on look out pas på se indenfor se på passe på lede efter anse Write six sentences where you use the verb - look - in connection with different prepositions as shown to the left Lets s do it: Step five

39 Activity page II Find the odd man out (the wrong word) and underline it. The reason may be grammatic, geographical, the meaning of the word etc. *svær 1. anaconda 2. marry 3.* supermarket 4. behind monkey breathe police station between tapir hunt town hall beside hippopotamus cheap railway station in front of rhinoceros laugh library high snake give museum in 5.** foot 6. roof 7.* bird 8. run egg ceiling mouse forget man table aeroplane call ox window kite sing woman floor rocket write fish door UFO come 9. vehicle 10. hair 11. basketball 12.** Norway car hat handball Denmark tractor tie golf Sweden bike shirt football Holland lorry boots yachting Spain ship jacket tennis Germany The phrasal verbs below are all used in connection with the preposition off Fill in the correct word on the line Words to be used: go (u) call (t) see (l) make (t) set (r) show (e) 1. The two burglars managed to off with 1 million. 2. The bomb will off at 4 o clock in front of the bank. set go 3. They off on their expedition last Friday. 4. It was raining so we decided to off our picnic. 5. The class went to the station to their teacher off. show make call see 6. I am looking forward to off my new car. If you connect the letters in the brackets in the correct order, you will get a word of an animal. turtle Name of the animal: 39

40 Uregelmæssige udsagnsord I Irregular verbs Du har tidligere lært, at langt de fleste engelske udsagnsord er regelmæssige, dvs. de tilføjer -d eller -ed til navneformen, latin *infinitiv, i datid. De uregelmæssige verber, altså de udsagnsord, som ikke tilføjer -d eller ed i imperfektum, er stort set helt uforudsigelige, så derfor bliver du nødt til at lære dem udenad. Nutid følger naturligvis de samme regler som ved regelmæssige verber. Datid og tillægsformen fremgår af oversigten over uregelmæssige verber på side Regel-førnutid: Man danner førnutid af uregelmæssige verber ved at tage nutidsformen af hjælpeverbet to have og efterstille det uregelmæssige verbums tillægsform, participium eller the participle på engelsk (tillægsformen er den 3. række af de uregelmæssige verber i hæftet på side 50-51). Eks. Jeg har spist et æble oversættes med I have eaten an apple. Her er en liste over 16 uregelmæssige verber. Hent hjælp på side og udfyld skemaet. Regel-førdatid: Man danner førdatid på samme måde som førnutid, blot skal man huske at erstatte nutidsformen af hjælpeverbet to have med datidsformen af to have. Eks: Jeg havde spist et æble oversættes med I had eaten an apple. navneform/nutid engelsk to bend to break to broadcast to choose to creep to deal with to forgive to learn to put to ride to seek to show to spit to sweep to tear to wind 40 navneform/nutid dansk at bøje/ bøjer at brække/ brækker at udsende/ unsender at vælge/ vælger at krybe/ kryber at handle om/ handler om at tilgive/ tilgiver at lære/ lærer at lægge,sætte,stille/ lægger,sætter,stiller at køre, ride/ kører, rider at søge/ søger at vise/ viser at spytte/ spytter at feje/ fejer at rive i stykker/ river i stykker at sno/ snor datid/engelsk datid/dans k tillægsform/ engelsk/dansk bent bøjede bent/bøjet broke brækkede broken/brækket broadcast udsendte broadcast/udsendt chose valgte chosen/valgt crept krøb crept/krøbet dealt with handlede om dealt with/handlet om forgave tilgav forgiven/tilgivet learnt lærte learnt/lært put lagde,satte,stillede put/lagt, sat, stillet rode kørte,red ridden/kørt,redet sought søgte sought/søgt showed viste shown/vist spat spyttede spat/spyttet swept fejede swept/fejet tore rev i stykker torn/revet i stykker wound snoede wound/snoet Lets s do it: Step five

41 Indsæt førnutid: (anvend hovedudsagnsordet i parentes) 1. The boy has broken the stick from the wood. (break) 2. The president and his staff have chosen to visit Denmark. (choose) 3. In the beginning the aborigines have learnt to take care of themselves. (learn) 4. The policemen have sought for the burglar since last Monday. (seek) 5. A tramp got a fine because he has spat on the floor in the town hall. (spit) 6. The lady has forgiven the young man who by accident destroyed her flowers. (forgive) 7. The TV-station has broadcast an advertisement of loss. ( broadcast) 8. The caretaker, who looks after the block of flats, has swept the street. (sweep) Indsæt førdatid: (anvend hovedudsagnsordet i parentes) 1. The article had dealt with the rising violence and crime in the little town. (deal with) 2. The heavy load had bent the truck body. (bend) 3. The river had wound through the beautiful valley. (wind) 4. The young people had shown their tickets to the conductor. (show) 5. The shop assistent had put the vase back on the shelf again. (put) 6. During the night the old lion had crept back to the village and had eaten the horse. (creep) 7. Last Sunday Sarah had torn the letter into pieces. (tear) 8. In spite of the old mayor s age he had ridden Blacky back to the stable. (ride) Write in English (blandede tider) 1. Forældrene tilgav aldrig den unge mand, hvad han havde gjort. 2. Læreren fortalte eleven, at hun havde lært meget i år. 3. Det er vigtigt at feje gulvet, når det er snavset. 4. Hun rider hver lørdag ned til den lille landsby ved floden. 5. Familien Johnson havde valgt at rejse til Sverige og Norge. 6. Mange steder i verden er det forbudt at spytte på gaden. 7. Landet blev splittet af borgerkrigen. 8. Dagen efter indbruddet havde Jack og Sarah vist politiet, hvordan tyvene var krøbet ind i huset. 1. The parents never forgave the young man what he had done. 2. The teacher told the pupil/student that she had learnt a lot this year. 3. It is important to sweep the floor when it is dirty. 4. Every Saturday she rides down to the small village by the river. 5. The Johnson family had chosen to travel to Sweden and Norway. 6. Many places in the world it is forbidden to spit in the street. 7. The country was divided by the civil war. 8. The day after the break-in Jack and Sarah had shown the police how the thieves had crept into the house. 41

42 Ejefald Ejefald, latin *genitiv eller på engelsk the *genitive, udtrykker et forhold mellem personer og / eller ting. I udtrykket pigens hat danner man genitiv ved at tilføje et -s til pigen. Det kaldes s-genitiv. På dansk har vi kun én genitiv: s-genitiv. På engelsk har vi to former for genitivdannelse: s-genitiv og of-genitiv, men der er regler for, hvornår vi anvender dem. S-genitiv (apostrof-genitiv) anvendes ved: 1. Personer eller højerestående dyr (dyr, man kalder ved navn eller siger han eller hun om. Eks. The girl s bike. The dog s tail. 2. Tids- eller afstandsbetegnelser. Eks. Today s paper. A boat s length. 3. Underforstået shop, house, surgery etc. Eks. I went to the baker s (shop) Of-genitiv anvendes ved: 1. Ting. Eks. The roof of the house. 2. Mål, mængde og antal. Eks. A cup of tea. A pound of sugar. A lot of people. 3. Geografiske betegnelser. Eks.The Isle of Wright. 4. Årstider, måneder og datoangivelse Eks. The summer of The month of December. The fourth of July. S-genitiv - ental: I udtrykket pigens bold anvendes s-genitiv, fordi der er tale om en person. Først skrives pigen - the girl, og da der er tale om ental tilføjes s plus ball. Udtrykket bliver: The girl s ball. ALTSÅ ved s-genitiv tilføjes i ental s. S-genitiv - flertal: I udtrykket pigernes bold anvendes s-genitiv, fordi der er tale om personer. Først skrives pigerne - the girls - og da der er tale om flertal tilføjes apostrof samt ball. Udtrykket bliver: The girls ball. ALTSÅ ved s-genitiv tilføjes i flertal s. Write in English The girl s bag is red. The boys shoes are black. The man s house is fine. The lady s car is new. 1. Pigens taske er rød. 2. Drengenes sko er sorte. 3. Mandens hus er fint. 4. Damens bil er ny. Ingen regler uden undtagelser!!! I de tilfælde, hvor navneordet ikke har normal flertalsdannelse, dvs. med -s eller -es, anvendes s både i ental og flertal. Eks. The man s hats (mandens hatte) og the men s hats (mændenes hatte). Ret til s eller s, så sætningerne bliver rigtige. 1.Peters brother lives in England. 2.We bought the flowers to the teachers wife at the florists. 3.The womens cousins found the birds nest. 4.Give me ten minutes break, please. 5.She still lives at her parents house. 42 Lets s do it: Step five

43 Of-genitiv: I udtrykket Husets dør anvendes of-genitiv, fordi huset er en ting. Først skrives - the door - og derefter tilføjes of + the house. Udtrykket bliver: The door of the house. Write in English using the of-genetive: 1. Husets vinduer blev malet i sommeren Byen London brændte ned i Gadens trafik var støjende. 5. Skolens elever leger hver dag i skolegården. 3. Skolens lærer købte en flaske vin og en æske tændstikker. 1. The windows of the house were painted in the summer The traffic of the street was noisy. 3. The teacher of the school bought a bottle of wine and a box of matches. 4. The city of London burnt down in The pupils/students of the school play every day in the schoolyard. Nu skal du afprøve din viden. Oversæt til engelsk og anfør til højre hvilken genitiv, du har anvendt. Tæl sammen til sidst. Dansk 1 Bilens ejer er en venlig dame 2 Skolens tag er gammel t 3 Kattens pote er lill e 4 Min vens cd er ny 5 Drengenes skateboard er gule 6 En uges ferie er rar 7 Elefantens snabel er lang 8 Mændenes cykler var lyserød e 9 En spand vand er tung 10 Bagerens forretning var ny 11 Dagens avis blev stjåle t 12 Øen Man er kendt for sine katte 13 Hun købte et pund smør 14 Værelsets møbler er gaml e 15 Damernes hatte var flott e 16 Pigernes bøger var nye 17 Jeg glæder mig til en uges ferie 18 Koens mælk er hvid 19 Jeg har brug for et stykke træ 20 Løbets vinder hed Ian Engels k Regel The owner of the car is a kind lady. of The roof of the school is old. of The cat s paw is small. s My friend s cd is new. s The boys skateboards are yellows A week s holiday is nice. s The elephant s trunk is long. s The men s bikes were pink. s A bucket of water is heavy. of The baker s shop was new. s Today s paper was stolen. s The island of Man is known for its cats. of She bought a pound of butter. of The furniture of the room is old. of The ladies hats were fine/elegant/smart. s The girls books were new. s I am looking forward to one week s holiday. s The cow s milk is white. s I need a piece of wood. of The winner of the run was called Ian of I alt er der s genitiver. I alt er der s genitiver. I alt er der of genitiver. 43

44 Uregelmæssige udsagnsord II Du har tidligere lært den grammatiske baggrund for de uregelmæssige verber, og hvordan man danner de forskellige tider. Hvis du har glemt det, kan du slå tilbage til side 40 og læse om det igen. Du bliver nødt til at lære det udenad. Her følger endnu en liste over 20 uregelmæssige verber. Hent hjælp på side og udfyld listen. Write in English (blandede tider). 1. Kongen forbød sine mænd at slås. 2. Hans mænd havde forstået, at det var vigtigt ikke at slås. 3. Da soldaterne red ind på gårdspladsen, begyndte børnene at græde. 4. Inden soldaterne kom, havde klokkeren ringet med klokkerne. 5. Nogle af indbyggerne havde følt, at deres sidste time (oversættes direkte med tid ) var kommet navneform/nutid engelsk to bleed to cost to dig to cut to feel to forbid to grow to hang to hurt to keep to lay to ring to rise to sit down to spring to strike to swear to understand to wear to weep navneform/nutid tillægsform datid/engelsk datid/dans k dansk engelsk/dansk at bløde/ bløder bled blødte bled/blødt at koste/ koster cost kostede cost/kostet at grave/ graver dug gravede dug/gravet at skære, klippe/ skærer, klipper cut skar, klippede cut/skåret,klippet at føle/ føler felt følte felt/følt at forbyde/ forbyder forbade forbød forbidden/forbudt at vokse/ vokser grewvoksede grown/vokset at hænge/ hænger hung hængte hung/hængt at skade,gøre ondt/ skader/gør ondt hurt skadede/gjorde ondt hurt/skadet,gjort ondt at (be)holde/ (be)holder kept (be)holdt kept/(be)holdt at lægge/ lægger laid lagde laid/lagt at ringe/ ringer rang ringede rung/ringet at rejse sig/ rejser sig rose rejste sig risen/rejst sig at sætte sig/ sætter sig sat down satte sig sat down/sat sig at springe/ springer sprang sprang sprung/sprunget at slå, strejke/ slår, strejker struck slog,strejkede struck/slået,strejket at sværge/ sværger swore sværgede sworn/svoret at forstå/ forstår understood forstod understood/forstået at have på/ har på wore havde på worn/haft på at græde/ græder wept græd wept/grædt The King forbade his men to fight. His men had understood that it was important not to fight. When the soldiers rode into the courtyard, the children began to cry. Before the soldiers came, the bellringer had rung the bells. Some of the inhabitants had felt that their last time had come. Lets s do it: Step five

45 Read the text and fill in the correct form of the irregular verb from the list below. Each verb must only be used once. 1. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 2. The runaway has/had sprung over the wall in order to avoid the police. 3. When they had got something to eat, they felt better. 4. The villagers have/had forbidden the runaways to hide in their houses. 5. In the tropic areas in Africa some farmers can grow coffee. 6. In the old west horse thieves were often sentenced to death, and the hangman hung them. 7. During the First World War many soldiers had been hurt in battle. 8. Robinson Cruso had almost worn no clothes. 9. When the little boy found his puppy, he didn t weep any more. 10. As the worker had hurt his foot, he had sworn a great deal. 11. The football player struck the ball and his team won the match. 12. When it had begun to rain the family sat down under a huge tree. 13. In Australia they have kept sheep for ages. 14. It has/had cost a lot of work to repair the old barn. 15. The pirate, John Silver, had dug a hole in the ground in order to hide his treasure. 16. The sculptor has/had cut out a beautiful bird from a piece of wood. 17. The soldier s wound bleed/bled freely. 18. The nurse has/had quickly laid the soldier to rest. 19. Yesterday evening the bellringer rang the bell. 20. She had understood how important it was to do one s homework. Irregular verbs to be used: to bleed, to cost, to cut, to dig, to feel, to forbid, to grow, to hang, to hurt, to keep, to lay, to ring, to rise, to sit down, to spring, to strike, to swear, to understand, to wear, to weep. live talk visit jump tear bleed like understand lift spit smile hear laugh wait seek kiss wind hurt put dig organise Find the ten irregular verbs to the left and write sentences using the past: 1. (tear) He tore his book apart. 2. (bleed) She bled from her knee. 3. (understand) She understood everything. 4. (spit) My uncle never spat in the street. 5. (hear) He heard a spooky noise. 6. (seek) She sought for her lost purse. 7. (wind) The old man wound his long beard. 8. (hurt) The dog hurt its tail. 9. (put) The boy always put his hands in his pockets. 10. (dig) The workers dug a big hole. 45

46 Activity page III - are you perfect? Are you a normal human being? Or do you think you re better than other people? Could you be really perfect? Find out in this Step 5 quiz. 1. What do you think is the worst thing about yourself? a. The way you look. b. Your parents. c. The way you talk. d. Nothing. You re perfect already. 2. At a party you meet Tom Cruise or Julia Roberts (you decide). What would you be talking about to him or her? a. All the other famous people at the party. b. Einstein s theory of relativity. c. The latest film you ve seen. d. Yourself. 3. When you think about your early childhood, which of these events can you remember most clearly? a. The moment when you were born. b. A family holiday in the sunshine. c. A fight with your sister/brother/friend. d. Your first day at school. 4. You have just got ten minutes to get ready for a date with a girlfriend/boyfriend. What do you do? a. Telephone and say that you ll be late, then get ready in a relaxed way. b. Change your clothes. c. Sit down and watch TV. d. Brush your teeth and wash your hair. 5. At a pop concert you see your English teacher sitting three rows from you. What do you do? a. Throw rubbish at him/her when he/she isn t looking. b. Behave completely normally. c. Sit quietly in your seat and hope that he/she doesn t see you. d. Shout and wave at him/her in a friendly way while you dance to the music. Now add up your score, and read the analysis. Score: 1. a = 3, b = 0, c = 3, d = 5. A perfect person needs a lot of confidence! 2. a = 2, b = 2 (too intellectual), c = 5 (a good subject for a conversation), d = a = 0 (liar!), b = 5 (at least you have perfect memories), c = 2 (this says a lot about you!), d = 3 (most people remember that day). 4. a = 2 (sorry. You can t be perfect and late at the same time), b = 3, c = 5 (if you re perfect, you re always ready for a date), d = a = 0, b = 5 (if you re perfect, you don t have to worry about your teachers, do you?), c = 3, d = 3. Analysis: 25 points: Perfect. Which planet are you from? points: There are some great possibilities for you. Keep trying points: Sorry. You re just a normal human being, I m afraid. Less than 6: You could have a few problems but don t worry. Keep doing the Steps because this will certainly boost your self-confidence and maybe one day you too can be perfect. 46 Lets s do it: Step five

47 Tillægsord *Adjectives Tillægsord, *adjektiver, betegner for det meste en egenskab. Som ordet antyder, lægger det sig til andre ord og fortæller noget om dem. De ord, som adjektiverne lægger sig til, er enten navneord, En stor bil To store biler Et stort hus To store huse a big car two big cars a big house two big houses substantiver, eller navneagtige led, substantiviske led. Tillægsordene på engelsk bøjes ikke efter køn og tal. De er uforandrede. Altså: Tillægsord lægger sig til navneord eller navneagtige forbindelser. De bøjes ikke i køn eller tal. Gradbøjning: Der er dog visse regler for, hvordan man gradbøjer adjektiverne. Regel 1. Alle tillægsord på en stavelse gradbøjes med endelser (-er i 2. grad og -est i 3. grad) 1. grad (grundform, *positiv) 2. grad (højere grad, *komparativ ) 3. grad (højeste grad, *superlativ ) she is rich she is riche r she is the riches t Læs teksten, understreg samtlige tillægsord og indsæt dem i skemaet på de rigtige pladser. It was a nice weather. It was nicer than I had expected. Some people said it was the nicest weather for years. My mother is clever. Much cleverer than my father, so she says, anyway. Their uncle is the cleverest. There are no really poor people in Denmark, but in some countries they are poorer. The poorest people live in some parts of Africa and Asia. In Europe many people are rich, richer than in the above mentioned countries. The richest lady in the world is said to be the Queen of England. 1. grad (grundform, positiv) 2. grad (højere grad, komparativ ) 3. grad (højeste grad, superlativ ) nice nicer nicest clever cleverer cleverest poor poorer poorest rich richer richest Indsæt den rigtige form af tillægsordet i parentes: 1. The wall is high. It is than higher 1,80 m. The highest wall is around Tower Castle. (high) 2. The tramp was poor, as a matter of fact, he was the poorestperson in town. (poor) 3. The police constable was fond of his dog, actually fonder of his dog than of his wife. (fond) 4. The fastest mammal is said to be the cheetah, but a crocodile can be fast too. The lion is faster than the elephant. (fast) 47

48 Regel 2. Alle tillægsord på to stavelser, der ender på -y, -er, -ow, -le eller har tryk på sidste stavelse, gradbøjes med endelser (som regel 1). 1. grad (grundform, positiv) 2. grad (højere grad, komparativ ) 3. grad (højeste grad, superlativ ) she is clever she is cleve rer she is the cleve rest Regel 3. Alle tillægsord på to stavelser, som ikke ender på -y, -er, -ow, -le eller har tryk på sidste stavelse, samt tillægsord på mere end to stavelser gradbøjes med more (mere) og most (mest). 1. grad (grundform, positiv) 2. grad (højere grad, komparativ ) 3. grad (højeste grad, superlativ ) it is expensive it is more expensiv e it is the mos t expensiv e Husk, at tillægsord, der ender på -y efter en konsonant, ændrer dette til i: happy - happier - happiest. Regel 4. Enkelte tillægsord er helt uregelmæssige, så dem skal du lære udenad. 1. grad (grundform, positiv) 2. grad (højere grad, komparativ) 3. grad (højeste grad, superlativ ) bad/ill (syg) good/well little (rask) (lidt, om mængde) little/small far far near near old (om afstand) (lille, om størrelse) (om afstand, overført betydning) (om afstand) (om rækkefølge) (om alder) worse better less smalle r farther further nearer nearer older the worst the best the least the smalles t the farthest the furthest the nearest the next the oldest o ld (om rækkefølge blandt søskende) elder* the eldest much/many more the most *Dog aldrig foran than. 48 late late (om tid) (om rækkefølge) later latter the latest the last Lets s do it: Step five

49 Adjective test Gradbøj tillægsordene i skemaet og husk at skrive, hvilken regel du anvender. (Regel nr.) 1. grad (grundform, positiv) high large* clever beautiful hot** bad famous easy*** fine* mad** poor great good far (afstand) big** interesting fond polite* surprising thin little (mængde) tired honest regel nr. 2. grad (højere grad, komparativ) 3. grad (højeste grad, superlativ ) 1 higher highest 1 larger largest 2 cleverer cleverest 3 more beautiful most beautiful 1 hotter hottest 4 worse worst 3 more famous most famous 2 easier easiest 1 finer finest 1 madder maddest 1 poorer poorest 1 greater greatest 4 better best 4 farther farthest 1 bigger biggest 3 more interesting most interesting 1 fonder fondest 2 politer politest 3 more surprising most surprising 1 thinner thinnest 4 less least 3 more tired most tired 3 more honest most honest Sum 50 * Tillægsord, der ender på -e eller -ee, tilføjer kun -r i 2. grad og -st i 3. grad ** Ender tillægsordet på en konsonant efter en kort, trykstærk vokal fordobles konsonanten i 2. og 3. grad. *** Hvis tillægsordet ender på -y efter en konsonant, så ændres dette til -i i 2. og 3. grad. 49