ANGLO. Files TEMA NY LITTERATUR #183 FEB JOURNAL OF ENGLISH TEACHING

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1 FEB ANGLO #183 Files JOURNAL OF ENGLISH TEACHING ENGELSKLÆRERFORENINGEN FOR GYMNASIET OG HF / THE DANISH ASSOCIATION OF TEACHERS OF ENGLISH TEMA NY LITTERATUR

2 KOLOFON FEB #183 Medlemsblad for Engelsklærerforeningen for Gymnasiet og HF The Danish Association of Teachers of English Oplag: 1900 ISBN X Deadlines og temaer: 15. april: Sprogfaget engelsk 15. august: Eksamen Grafisk produktion: WERKs Grafi ske Hus a s, Højbjerg Tlf.: Anmeldelser: Anmeldereksemplarer bedes sendt til Vibeke Toft Jørgensen Annoncer: Vibeke Toft Jørgensen Forsidebillede: Relax and Read Fotograf: Annabel Wall Billeder i bladet: Se oplysninger under de enkelte billeder Adresseændringer: Bedes meddelt på Bladets redaktion: Vibeke Toft Jørgensen (ansv.) (Hjørring Gymnasium) Vestervang 17, 9800 Hjørring Tlf vj@hj-gym.dk eller vibeke.toft.joergensen1@skolekom.dk Gitte S. Nielsen (VUC Lyngby) Classensgade th., 2100 København Ø Tlf gittesn@mail.dk Bodil Aase Frandsen (bestyrelsesrep.) (Esbjerg Gymnasium & HF) Danmarksgade 59, 6700 Esbjerg Tlf bodil.aase.frandsen@skolekom.dk Eva Høeg (Helsingør Gymnasium) Prebens Vænge 3, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Tlf eh@helsingoer-gym.dk Margit Nordskov Nielsen (Gribskov Gymnasium) Strandboulevarden tv., 2100 København Ø Tlf: margit.n@mail.dk Website Anglo Files: Se Her ligger bladet i elektronisk form. Website Engelsklærerforeningen: Her er bl.a. en oversigt over kurser. Website EMU: Her er bl.a. praktiske ideer til undervisningen; se desuden den faglige debat på Skolekom. 2 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

3 Indhold INDHOLD Fra redaktionen Fra bestyrelsen Af Bodil Hohwü Nielsen Fra fagkonsulenten Af Hanne Kær Pedersen TEMA: NY LITTERATUR Inheritance, Ancient Light, Swing Time and The Sense of an Ending: The Past in a Nutshell and other recent British novels By Ebbe Klitgård A Survey of Native American Literatures By Marianne Kongerslev The Heart Goes Last the latest novel by Margaret Atwood By Simone Hauptmann Graphic novels nye værker og idéer til klasseværelset Af Bo Høpfner Clausen og Jesper Kaalund After Miss Julie by Patrick Marber By Ian Burns The benefits of teaching drama in the classroom and coming in to Krudttønden By Birgitte Holm Halkjær Sit back and relax: a reading treat for you and your students By Alison Powell Tanker om talenthold Af Benjamin Lunøe Literary Tourism What Do Harry Potter Fans and Pilgrims Have in Common? By Maria Gram og Nadia Donnerborg At læse er at leve eller omvendt Af Gitte S. Nielsen FICTION I Wanna Be Treated Normal By Miles Hilton Chambers How to be an alcoholic By William Thirsk-Gaskill One flew over the rye By Jonathan Matthew Schwartz DET AMERIKANSKE VALG Med Team Hillary rundt i Florida Af Peter Bjelskou Draining the swamp? By Lajla Nielsen-Refs ANDRE ARTIKLER Science fiction is here Af Metha Loumann TIP: TECHNOLOGY IN PRACTICE Quick ways to collaborate: Answer Garden is a simple and quick solution that works By Russell Stannard Mundtlige rettelser i skriftligt engelsk ved hjælp af iannotate Af Mette Præstiin Brandt Udtaletræning på computeren Af Karen Skovmand ANMELDELSER Being American Anmeldt af Rasmus Kværndrup Andersen Global Voices Anmeldt af Rasmus Kværndrup Andersen Som i et spejl Anmeldt af Vibeke Toft Jørgensen ANGLO FILES Februar

4 Fra redaktionen Skrivevejledning Vi er altid interesserede i at modtage artikler eller andre bidrag til Anglo Files. Dit manuskript bør skrives i Word eller rft. uden indrykning eller spalter. Omfanget er typisk max tegn. Eventuelle fodnoter skal stå som slutnoter. Eventuelle billeder bedes indsendt separat og i høj opløsning, med angivelse i teksten af, hvor billederne optimalt skal placeres. Angiv gerne forslag til billedtekst, og vær opmærksom på copyright. Vi vil også gerne have en kort introduktion af dig selv (2 5 linjer), meget gerne med et vedhæftet foto. På forhånd mange tak for dit bidrag! Writing guidelines We always welcome articles and other texts for Anglo Files. Ideally your manuscript is written in Word or rtf without indentation, pagination, or columns. We prefer endnotes to footnotes. The length of an article is typically no more than 10,000 characters. Please send pictures as attachments, and in the best possible resolution; include credit or source and copyright information. If possible, suggest a caption and where in the text you would prefer the illustrations. We would appreciate a short introduction of yourself (2 5 lines), preferably with an attached photo. Thank you in advance for your contribution! 4 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

5 Fra redaktionen FRA REDAKTIONEN NY LITTERATUR med dette tema tager vi hul på en ny årgang af Anglo Files. Temanummeret er tænkt som inspiration, både til hvad man kan læse og hvordan. Den røde tråd i temaets artikler er læseglæde og læseoplevelser, og der er forslag til, hvordan læseoplevelser kan udvides til at omfatte f.eks. teaterbesøg og rejser som litterær turist. Vi lægger ud med en artikel af Ebbe Klitgård: Inheritance, Ancient Light, Swing Time and The Sense of an Ending: The Past in a Nutshell and other recent British novels. Her gives et overblik over centrale romanudgivelser i UK. Marianne Kongerslev skriver om Native American literatures. Denne oversigtsartikel dækker perioden fra 1968 og frem til i dag og inddrager både romaner, digte og hybridgenrer skrevet af forfattere med indiansk baggrund. Simone Hauptman anbefaler, at man læser en af de store canadiske forfattere, nemlig Margaret Atwood, hvis seneste roman The Heart Goes Last udkom i Bo Høpfner Clausen og Jesper Kaalund behandler graphic novels, en genre, som de sidste år er blevet særdeles populær i gymnasiet og på HF. Ian Burns og Birgitte Holm Halkjærs dobbeltartikel handler om stykket After Miss Julie og om mulighederne generelt for at bruge drama i engelskundervisningen. Herefter følger en artikel af Alison Powell: Sit back and relax. Som titlen angiver, får vi her en opfordring til at organisere læsningen, så den ikke opfattes som et nødvendigt onde, men som en nydelse. Forsidebilledet viser vist tydeligt, at her er tale om lystlæsning. Benjamin Lunøe deler sine erfaringer med værklæsning på et talenthold, hvor der læses romaner. Også for lærere, der ikke har talenthold, er denne artikel relevant, for som de leste nok er bekendt med, genindføres værklæsning i engelsk med den nye reform. Maria Gram og Nadia Donnerborg tager os med på en rejse for litterære turister og udfolder, hvad der gemmer sig bag begrebet litterær turisme. Måske bliver det et nøgleord for fremtidige studieture med elever? Vi runder temaet af med et essay om læseglæde skrevet af Gitte S. Nielsen: At læse er at leve eller omvendt. I naturlig forlængelse af artiklerne om ny litteratur har vi en sektion med iktion. Vi har fået lov til at bringe Miles Chambers' digt: I Wanna Be Treated Normal et digt, der ikke kun har været brugt og citeret littigt i forfatterens hjemby, Bristol, men også i USA i forbindelse med kampagnen Black Lives Matter. Desuden bringer vi en ny novelle af den engelske forfatter William Thirsk-Gaskill: How to be an alcoholic samt novellen One lew over the rye af Jonathan Matthew Schwartz. > ANGLO FILES Februar

6 Fra redaktionen Men alt skal ikke handle om iktion: I artiklen Science iction is here kan man læse om forskningens døgn, som byder på spændende muligheder for tværfagligt samarbejde. Det netop overståede valg i USA har vi dækket med to artikler. Den ene er en beretning fra valgkampen skrevet af Peter Bjelskou, der rejste til USA for at deltage i kampagnen for Hillary Clinton. Den anden: Draining the swamp? handler om Donald Trump og er skrevet af Lajla Nielsen-Refs. I den faste spalte om TIP (technology in practice) har vi denne gang tre artikler: Russell Stannard foreslår brugen af Answer Garden som et int redskab til at få eleverne til at sam arbejde. Mette Præstiin Brandt skriver om Mundtlige rettelser i skriftligt engelsk ved hjælp af iannotate, og Karen Skovmand giver ideer til udtaletræning på computeren samt brug af excel til at træne delprøve 1. Nummeret afsluttes med anmeldelser af nye bogudgivelser. Det næste nummer af Anglo Files har deadline den 15. april. Temaet er Sprogfaget engelsk, og alle bidrag er velkomne. Fotograf: Bodil Aase Frandsen Elever fra Esbjerg Gymnasium & HF 6 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

7 5 10 BETH Shakespeare er en gave, og denne bog har til hensigt at lade læseren få det hele forærende: Fra hvert af de tre stykker Hamlet, Macbeth og The Merchant of Venice giver udvalgte scener det mest centrale af handling og tema. As with the play of Hamlet, Shakespeare has found his inspiration for Macbeth in old chronicles. In 1577, Raphael Holinshed published the old legend of how King Duncan of Scotland was murdered in 1040 by the captains Macbeth and Banquo. Since this play was written only a few years after James I had ascended the English throne in 1603, it would be seen as a tribute to him if ancestors could be seen as honourable and heroic. Therefore it is Macbeth who is the villain here along with his wife and Banquo has a much more noble part, as it was generally assumed that James I descended from Banquo. It appears that there is some sort of master plan here; it gives rise to the academic discussion of whether Macbeth has any choice, or whether everything has already been settled in advance, and he is perhaps just playing the role Destiny has laid out for him. Witches and evil spirits were considered very real in Elizabethan England. Even King James felt cursed himself; he was convinced that witches kept him from bringing his Danish bride home, by working up storms and thereby forcing his ships to return to England. After a few unsuccessful attempts he had a number of witches burnt, and, lo and behold, his wife was landed safely in England. ACT I, scene i. A desert place. Thunder and lightning. Enter three Witches First Witch When shall we three meet again In thunder, lightning, or in rain? Second Witch When the hurlyburly s done, When the battle s lost and won. Third Witch That will be ere the set of sun. First Witch Where the place? Second Witch Upon the heath. Third Witch There to meet with Macbeth. First Witch I come, Graymalkin! Second Witch Paddock calls. Third Witch Anon The opening of the play is set with an unfriendly setting and a group of supernatural characters. They are sometimes called weird sisters, sometimes beings with beards or instruments of darkness, and at one point we are told that they can vanish into thin air. READING SHAKESPEARE IN OU 4 hurlyburly tumulten, hurlumhejet ere før where the place hvorhenne heath heden there to der skal vi paddock tudse anon straks Perspektivering fair fint foul fælt hover svæve 2 Gloser ALL Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air. [Exeunt] The Scottish forces are fighting with the Norwegian, and before the day is over, one side will have lost (the Norwegians) and the other will have won (the Scottish). Somehow it has been determined perhaps by fate that Macbeth is going to meet these three weird sisters. A dominant theme is introduced here: we cannot trust our eyes; things are not what they seem on the surface. To end the scene quickly after this presentation of setting, the weird sisters are called away by some companions suitable for witches; a cat called Graymalkin and a paddock. 1 3 Shakespeares ord Kommentarer I sin særlige firespaltede opsætning tilbyder bogen gennem hele læseprocessen et overskueligt stillads af gloser og veloplagte kommentarer om plot, personer, perspektiver og historisk kontekst. Hvert kapitel indledes med et resumé, persongalleri og anbefalinger af film- og sceneudgaver. Til slut findes forståelsesog perspektivopgaver og inspiration til forskellige arbejdsformer. Birgitte Speyer er lektor i engelsk og idræt ved Øregård Gymnasium. 192 sider. Skolepris: kr. 165 ekskl. moms og forsendelse forlaget columbus Tlf

8 FRA BESTYRELSEN Af Bodil Hohwü Nielsen Formand for Engelsklærerforeningen for Gymnasiet og HF Hvorfor læse længere og komplicerede tekster? Hvorfor overhovedet beskæftige sig med andre menneskers erfaringer og fortolkninger af eksistens og livsformer, når det tilsyneladende selv på statslederniveau er fuldt acceptabelt at udtrykke sig holdningsbaseret i 140 tegn? Det ure lekterede: Hvad synes du?, Hvad føler du? har mere gang på jorden end det re lekterede og tekstbaserede udsagn. Det er derfor interessant at læse et interview med Barack Obama, hvor han siger, at kun ved at læse en halv til en hel time hver dag har han kunnet overleve som præsident. Gennem intensiv og bred læsning har han evnet at sætte sig ind i andre menneskers livsstil og livserfaringer; han har læst biogra ier, sagprosa og ikke mindst romaner. For Obama hænger læsningen desuden også tæt sammen med evnen til at skrive. Det er to sider af samme sag. For nylig konstaterede Uffe Gravers Pedersen i en kommentar i Berlingske, Derfor falder de studerendes sproglige niveau (9. januar 2017), at de danske studerende på de videregående uddannelser er blevet markant dårligere til at skrive og læse fremmedsprogede tekster. De studerende magter simpelthen ikke at forholde sig til lange og svære tekster. Gravers etablerer en årsagssammenhæng mellem den situation og den nuværende bekendtgørelse med dens fokus på kompetencemål. Hvor læreplanerne før indeholdt klare indholdsmål og krav om pensum samt præcise angivelser af det skriftlige arbejdes omfang, så har vi nu lært at tæn- At a time when events move so quickly and so much information is transmitted, the ability to slow down and get perspective, along with the ability to get in somebody else s shoes those two things have been invaluable to me. Whether they ve made me a better president, I can t say. But what I can say is that they have allowed me to sort of maintain my balance during the course of eight years, because this is a place that comes at you hard and fast and doesn t let up. (Barack Obama, On What Books Mean to Him, New York Times, 16. januar 2017) 8 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

9 Fra bestyrelsen Credits: Unesco ke i kompetencer og faglige mål og angive det skriftlige arbejde i tid frem for antal. Det betyder, mener Gravers, at eleverne læser stadigt mindre, at vi som undervisere giver stadigt kortere tekster for, og at vi klipper og læser i uddrag. Vi pluklæser, som han udtrykker det i kommentaren. Argumentationen er da, at når eleverne i stigende grad læser mindre og kortere tekster, fritages for at læse lektier og forbereder sig mindre, så bliver de også dårligere til at skrive. Det bliver en ond og nedadgående spiral. Det forplanter sig til de videregående uddannelser, og i den sidste ende får vi dårligere uddannede studerende. Gravers skriver også, at det er traditionen at sparke nedad i uddannelsessystemet og dermed fritage sig selv for ansvaret. Man kan selvfølgelig argumentere imod, og det er da slet ikke sikkert, at det er den rigtige analyse. Der er absolut andre forklaringer. Ændringen fra pensumtænkning (og tælleri) til kompetencetænkning er nok ikke hele forklaringen. Men virkeligheden indes, og det ER en kendsgerning at unge på ungdomsuddannelserne læser mindre. I Engelsklærerforeningen vil vi gerne påtage os ansvaret og lade være med at sparke nedad, men derimod anbefale, at man kaster sig ud i at læse længere tekster med eleverne. Det kræver nye metoder og måske genop- indelse af gamle dyder. Hvordan håndterer man fx at læse en roman, hvis man lokalt på skoleplan har indført lektiefrie timer og måske har tømt bogkælderen for bøger? Et læseforløb kan måske kobles tværfagligt med naturvidenskab. På Syddansk Universitet har et hold forskere startet et forskningsprojekt, hvor man vil undersøge hvordan litteratur og narrativitet bl.a. kan bruges til sygdomsbehandling. Det engelske projekt The Novel Cure ( har en lignende hypotese, om end det har et lidt mindre videnskabeligt sigte. Vores opfordring er derfor: Gå i bogkælderen. Lav en omgang spring cleaning. Støv romanerne, digtsamlingerne og dramaerne af, og lad eleverne og kursisterne læse. Måske læser klassen mange forskellige bøger på samme tid? Måske har man læsecaféer og formidler indhold og erfaringer på blogs, podcasts mm? Måske kan man lave en bogklub? Under alle omstændigheder: Fejr bogens dag, World Book Day, den 23. april. God læselyst! ANGLO FILES Februar

10 FRA FAGKONSULENTEN Af fagkonsulent Hanne Kær Pedersen, Kære kollega! Ny litteratur I lyset af temaet i dette nummer af Anglo Files vil jeg begynde med at fortælle, hvordan de fagdidaktiske kurser siden 2013 aktivt har givet kandidaterne mulighed for at prøve kræfter med at didaktisere ny engelsksproget litteratur fra fagets kulturområder og hvordan du kan få fat i det. Som lærer i et sprogfag, der rummer en stor kulturdel, er det vigtigt at holde sig ajour med ikke blot store begivenheder på verdensplan og den deraf følgende nyhedsstrøm, det er også vigtigt at være opdateret på ny litteratur og ilm. I de seneste to årtier er det blevet stadig lettere at holde sig opdateret på begge dele hvis man altså kan sortere nok i nyhedsstrømmene til at inde det væsentlige. Opgavekommissionerne gør her et stykke arbejde for os alle, idet de hvert år inder nye væsentlige tekster, der ofte går over i vores fælles faglige kanon og bliver læst og arbejdet med i undervisningen. Som jeg skrev om i Råd og Vink til SRP og SSO i 2013, er der mange gode steder at inde informationer om ny litteratur og andet: Man Booker Prize, der uddeles hvert år i oktober, lader allerede fra midt juli spændingen stige med en longlist, og i september en shortlist, der nok må siges at rumme årets væsentligste litterære udgivelser written in the English language, and published in the UK. New York Times 100 Notable Works liste, der kommer i slutningen af november, er også en guldgrube. Her drejer det sig ikke blot om litterære værker, men om et bredt udvalg af udgivelser med anmeldernes kvalitetsstempel. Disse to steder giver overbliksinformation på årsbasis, men naturligvis er vi mange, der ikke nøjes med det, men også følger de store, etablerede avisers nyhedsbreve og podcast om løbende udgivelser, abonnerer på litterære magasiner, nyhedsbreve, podcasts osv. eller (og!) frekventerer obskure undergrundsforlag og litterære hjemmesider. Dette er hvad jeg selv gør, når jeg hvert forår sammensætter en Textbook med materialer i et bredt udvalg af genrer til kandidaterne. Denne får de tilsendt som pdf til gennemlæsning inden kurset, således at teksterne kan danne grundlag for gruppearbejder, hvor der sammensættes nye forløb, laves nye grammatik-, tekstanalyse- og skriftlige opgaver på baggrund af oplæggene. > 10 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

11 Fra fagkonsulenten Engelsk stx/hf fagdidaktisk modul Textbook Short Story and Novel (excerpts) Text 1 Ethel Rohan, Someplace Better (2015) Text 2 Vesna Goldsworthy, excerpt from Gorsky (2015) F. Scott Fitzgerald, excerpt from The Great Gatsby (1925) Text 3 Helen Ellis, Dead Doormen in American Housewife (2016) Text 4 web Amelia Hamilton, Little Red Riding Hood (Has a Gun) (2016) From: NRA website, January 14, 2016 [ Text 5 Olga Grushin, Dacha Bedroom in 40 Rooms (2016) Poetry and Song Lyrics Text 6 From Andrew McMillan, Physical (2015) The Men Are Weeping in the Gym The Schoolboys How To Be A Man Text 7 k web Text 8 k web Fiction, Short Film Text 9 > web Text 10 > web Text 11 > web Beyoncé, Formation (2016) Lyrics and commentary by KC Ifeanyi, Co.Create website, February 29, 2016 [ David Bowie, Lazarus (2016) Lyrics on David Bowie website: [ Franklin Jin Rho, Marriage of Inconvenience (2013) Black Public Media website [ (08.06) David O Neill, Tenner (2008) Collabor8te website [ (12.01) Aziz Ansari, Main Trailer Master of None YouTube website October 22, 2015 [ (02.15) Non-Fiction (various genres) Text 12 Claudia Rankine, II in Citizen (2014) Text 13 web Nancy Jo Sales, American Girls: How Social Media Is Disrupting The Lives Of Teenagers Time Magazine website, 2016 [ Text 14 Tyler Oakley, Thorry in Binge (2015) Text 15 The Sun (January, 2016): Angeleaner than ever ; Moss be cold Text 16 From: Time Magazine, Special Issue May 2016 Bryan Stevenson: Ta-Nehisi Coates Alicia Garza: Kendrick Lamar Ilana Glazer and Abbi Jacobson: Aziz Ansari Lorne Michaels: Justin Trudeau Robert Reich: Bernie Sanders Renee Ellmers: Donald Trump Jennifer Pinckney: Barack Obama Wayne Maines: Caitlyn Jenner Non-Fiction Film Text 17 web Dustin Cohen, Conrad And The Steamplant (2015) Vimeo website [ ](08.07) Podcast Text 18 web Lena Dunham, Women of the Hour podcast: Lena Dunham and Emma Stone discuss the names they prefer to be called by coworkers (2015) From Soundcloud website: [ ] Hashtags Text 19 #BlackLivesMatter #Brexit #Bremain Digital material collected with Dropmark: ANGLO FILES Februar

12 Fra fagkonsulenten Disse Textbooks kan du inde i Skolekom-konferencen, hvor de trykte tekster er kopieret i en pdf. I år rummer Textbook også en elektronisk del, som du kan tjekke her: Kig gerne med og hent materiale ned begge steder. Og spørg endelig en engelskkandidat, hvordan det foregår. Gymnasiereform Nye læreplaner Gymnasiereformen af de ire gymnasiale uddannelser med fokus på faglig fordybelse, karakterkrav, modernisering af almendannelsen i form af træning af digitale og innovative kompetencer, fokus på globalisering, styrkelse af naturvidenskab og sprog er en realitet fra august Alle gymnasiets fag får nye opdaterede læreplaner, og i den forbindelse har ca. 250 engelskkolleger været på lille FIP, fyraftensmøder, i november 2016, hvor udkast til læreplanerne i engelsk STX/ HF/GIF blev fremlagt, diskuteret og kommenteret. Der kom rigtig mange gode kommentarer ud af diskussionerne ved bordene og jeg har haft god nytte af de skriftlige kommentarer, jeg ik med hjem. TAK! Nu har læreplanerne været igennem en ny gennemskrivning på baggrund af disse kommentarer samt på baggrund af anbefalinger fra Undervisningsminister Merete Riisagers særlige, tværfaglige gruppe, der har gennemlæst 50 læreplaner for at vurdere vægtningen af viden og kundskaber mod kompetencer. Der venter endnu et par politiske processer inden læreplanerne bliver offentlige i høringsfasen fra ca. 1. marts Faglig udvikling i praksis FIP 2017 FIP 2017 vil udelukkende handle om at omsætte de nye læreplaner til praksis pr. august 2017, og programmet vil være endeligt på plads, når læreplanerne kommer i offentlig høring. Programmet organiseres med arbejdende workshops, der munder ud i konkrete øvelser samt anbefalinger til vejledningen. Der a holdes følgende kurser: STX a og b 17. marts Rosborg Gymnasium, Vejle 28. marts Silkeborg Gymnasium 29. marts Rysensteen Gymnasium, København HF b, c og GIF 5. april Fyns HF og VUC, Odense 6. april Kolding HF og VUC AP, STX 20. april Viborg Gymnasium og HF 21. april Knord, København Tilmelding inder sted via GL-e.org AT 2017 Årets eksamensemne: Menneskets forhold til naturen rummer muligheder for at inddrage engelskfaglige sager, problemstillinger, materialer og metoder. Mange faggrupper fortolker fælles opgaven og laver kataloger over mulige tilgange, materialer og metoder, der kan bringes i spil. Jeg opfordrer til, at man deler materiale på EMU en vores redaktør for engelskfaget Christine Lehn-Schiøler tager imod på christinelehn@gmail.com. Tak for at videndele! Genrevalg i materialet til AT Både iktion og non- iktion, trykte og elektroniske tekster, egner sig til at arbejde med i AT-sammenhæng. Vi arbejder med alle typer tekster jf. kernestoffet (uddrag fra A-niveau): tekstanalytiske begreber et bredt udvalg af nyere litterære tekster, ikke-litterære tekster og mediestof et bredt udvalg af litterære tekster fra forskellige perioder 12 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

13 Fra fagkonsulenten Her gælder det for eleven om at have et materiale valgt ud, der giver mulighed for at kunne opfylde de AT-faglige mål (uddrag): tilegne sig viden om en sag med anvendelse af relevante fag og faglige metoder vurdere de forskellige fags og faglige metoders muligheder og begrænsninger i forhold til den konkrete sag. Når AT-opgaven kræver, at der vælges to fag med forskellige metoder, kan det måske betyde, at eleven stiller sig selv bedre i forhold til at opfylde de faglige mål, hvis han/hun har lere materialetyper/genrer med, så man undgår overlap i fx engelsk og mediefag eller engelsk og dansk/sprogfag. Arbejder eleven med innovationsvinkel på AT vil engelskdelen typisk bestå af formidlende tekst produceret af eleven selv ud over muligt analysearbejde med andet materiale. Elevproduktionen (løsningsforslaget) kan således blive genstand for elevens re leksion og metodeovervejelser. Læs evt. mere om engelsk i innovationsprojekter på EMU en. Ethvert tekstvalg bør ligge inden for kernestoffets de inition af materiale og bør yderligere kunne sættes i forbindelse med fagets kulturområder. Mundtlig eksamen 2017 Undervisningsbeskrivelser Jeg har i det seneste år fået henvendelser fra bekymrede censorer ved mundtlig eksamen, der oplever, at undervisningstilrettelæggelsen sammensætningen af forløb, der dækker kernestof og opfylder læreplanens krav til tilrettelæggelse ikke er fyldestgørende. Derfor minder jeg om vigtigheden af korrekt udfyldte undervisningsbeskrivelser, der tydeligt angiver fokus i beskrivelsen af indholdet: Censor skal have adgang til undervisningsbeskrivelsen, og den skal være overskuelig og indeholde de punkter, der er beskrevet af ministeriet på denne adresse: Uddannelser-og-dagtilbud/Gymnasiale-uddannelser/Proever-og-eksamen/Undervisningsbeskrivelser-for-gymnasiale-uddannelser For hvert større undervisningsforløb skal følgende beskrives: Emnets titel Beskrivelse af indhold Hvor mange timer, der er anvendt Særlige fokuspunkter. Oplysningerne skal være tilstrækkelige til, at censor kan påse, om prøven er i overensstemmelse med målene og øvrige krav i reglerne for faget. En funktionsdygtig undervisningsbeskrivelse skal kunne bruges af elever/kursister til at orientere sig i, hvilke emner de kan komme til eksamen i. Censor skal kunne bruge den til at orientere sig i, hvilken vinkel de pågældende emner er blevet læst fra. I den forbindelse må understreges, at der ikke indes særregler for tilrettelæggelsen af hold uden fremmøde, og når der på sådanne hold arbejdes anderledes end i almindelig klasseundervisning, bør undervisningsbeskrivelsen afspejle dette, således at censor kan a læse, hvilke tekster er grundigt bearbejdet og analyseret, og hvilke blot er inddraget fx tematisk. Undervisningsbeskrivelsen skal give et billede af, hvad der er foregået i undervisningen konkret, og mængden af tekster skal have et sådant omfang, at der ikke sås tvivl om niveauets faglige dybde eller om opfyldelsen af læreplanens krav. Undervisningsbeskrivelsen er derfor at regne for baggrundsoplysningerne for prøven, og derfor skal den ved opgraderingshold både indeholde beskrivelsen af løftet og af det underliggende niveau. > ANGLO FILES Februar

14 Fra fagkonsulenten Antal af emner På A-niveauet er der krav om mindst 9 emner, på B-niveauet mindst 6 emner og C-niveauet mindst 3. Både kernestof og supplerende stof skal være repræsenteret i emnerne. Konstruktionen af emner har betydning for eksamen, hvor den ulæste tekst tematisk skal relateres til et af de læste emner. Det er ikke nødvendigvis alle de læste emner, der skal inddrages i den afsluttende prøve. De emner, der er udgangspunktet for prøvematerialet, skal tilsammen dække de faglige mål og kernestoffet. Eksaminanden skal på forhånd vide, hvilke emner der indgår som grundlag for prøven. Man kan læse om tilrettelæggelse af opgraderingshold på side 26 i vejledningen til læreplanen for STX A. Skriftlig eksamen 2017 Skriftlige censorer Igen i år vil jeg opfordre til at blive skriftlig censor. Har du et ønske om at være med til at løfte denne vigtige opgave, skal du bede den eksamensansvarlige på din skole om at indberette dig i eksamenssystemet xprs og i den forbindelse krydse af, om du ønsker STX- eller HF-censur, således af du kan styre efteruddannelsesaspektet ved at censurere opgaver, der matcher dit arbejde. Dette aspekt vil jeg gerne støtte ved yderligere at invitere lærere med aktivt ønske om at censurere de nye digitale opgaver til at tilkendegive dette på mail til mig (hanne.kaer.pedersen@stukuvm.dk). Så vil STUK og jeg manuelt sammensætte rettegrupper med disse censorer. Datoer vedr. skriftlig eksamen Der a holdes skriftlig eksamen på følgende dage: Fredag d. 19. maj (STX A-netadgang, STX A, STX B) Onsdag d. 24. maj (STX A-netadgang, STX A, STX B, HF B-netadgang, HF B). Censormødet inder sted d. 13. juni 2017 i Odense Congress Center. Informationer til censorer, herunder retteark og censorvejledninger, lægges på UVMs hjemmeside d. 19. maj 2017 efter eksamens afslutning kl. 14. Tilmelding af hold til STX A og HF B digitalopgaver Husk at tilmelding af hold til den digitale eksamen foregår på din skole til den eksamensansvarlige leder, som indstiller hold til prøve og bestiller opgaverne hjem. Der vil i lighed med sidste år være to eksamensbegivenheder: 19. maj og 24. maj (foruden sygeeksamen i august). Best wishes and happy teaching, Hanne Kær Pedersen, fagkonsulent hanne.kaer.pedersen@stukuvm.dk 14 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

15 TEMA- UDGIVELSER Prøv en af Systimes temaudgivelser om andre engelsksprogede lande end Storbritannien og USA. Begge ibøger har både fiktion og non-fiktionstekster, mange videoklip og interaktive opgaver med fokus på både forståelse og grammatik New Zealand New Zealand ibog har spændende forløb om New Zealands kultur, sprog og historie samt øens identitet og de problematikker, der kan opstå mellem den oprindelige befolkning maori og de hvide pakeha. Af Kirsti Hogstad ibog newzealand.systime.dk 12 videoer 35 billeder 15 interaktive opgaver 1100 ordforklaringer 70 opgaver 6 transkriptioner 30 originaltekster Licenspriser fra DKK ex. moms The Island of Ireland The Island of Ireland ibog ser blandt andet på Irlands historie, den økonomiske vækst og recession samt Nordirland. Udgivelsen giver et interessant billede af øens udvikling fra slutningen af 1990 erne og frem til i dag. Af Rosanne McCollum ibog ireland.systime.dk 60 interaktive opgaver 22 videoklip 8 lydfiler 11 webquests 60 opgaver 13 engelsksprogede tekster 50 illustrationer 1000 ordforklaringer 200 sider ebog Licenspriser fra DKK ex. moms Se priser og licenser på shop.systime.dk Læs systime.dk Ring Skriv systime@systime.dk Deltag lab.systime.dk

16 TEMA: NY LITTERATUR By Ebbe Klitgård, Dr.Phil., Associate Professor, Roskilde University Inheritance, Ancient Light, Swing Time and The Sense of an Ending: The Past in a Nutshell and other recent British novels The hopefully catchy title of this article borrows six novel titles that will be discussed in an introduction to some prominent British novels published in the last few years. As in my earlier survey articles in Anglo Files I emphasize that the selection is personal. This means that I will include some, but not all well-established authors publishing in Britain, as well as some novelists that are known to fewer readers. In most cases I have simply chosen to include novels that I have enjoyed because of their particular qualities and avoided tiring my reader with complaints about authors I no longer enjoy reading, no names mentioned. With one exception at the end of the article. Two New Voices: Rachel Joyce and Tessa Hadley Rachel Joyce published her irst novel, The Unlikely Pilgrimage of Harold Fry, in 2012, having previously written more than 20 radio plays for the BBC. The plot starts when a very ordinary working man in his mid sixties, Harold Fry, receives a letter from an old female colleague of a similar age, who is dying from cancer. On the spur of the moment he decides to walk all the way up to see her on a route that goes from the south of England to Berwick-upon-Tweed on the Scottish border. With an understanding wife, Maureen, left in their home and receiving occasional reports on Harold s progress, we follow Harold, who feels more and more that he is on a mission to save his friend and colleague, Miss Queenie Hennessy. Let me not reveal too much by saying that the plot becomes a framework for a sentimental journey through England, a modern pilgrimage evoking both Chaucer and Bunyan, the latter s Pilgrim s Progress quoted in the book s epigraph, about the value of being a true pilgrim. Harold s journey becomes a spiritual one, but the novel also records a realistic modern reaction to Harold, as his mission becomes known in the media and he gets followers both on the social media and as 16 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

17 Tema: Ny litteratur companions on the walking tour. This is certainly not highbrow literature, but I was both entertained and moved by Harold s story, and for those of us who like walking, it is a very inspiring novel. As in an earlier Norwegian novel, Tomas Espedal s Gå. Eller kunsten å leve et vilt og poetisk liv (2006), the walking tour is used for meditation and re lection at a slow pace, and as in that novel it is seen as an engagement with the ideals of the great Romantic poets. The reception of Joyce s novel was so enthusiastic in Britain that she decided to publish a sequel, The Love Song of Miss Queenie Hennessy, whose title of course is inspired by another great connoisseur of the romantic poets, the modernist poet T.S. Eliot. This novel, published in 2014, sees Harold and his journey from the point of view of Queenie, but whereas it is worth reading, it never reaches the brilliance of the irst novel. Tessa Hadley is perhaps not as much a new voice as Rachel Joyce, having published novels for some years, while at the same time teaching creative writing at Bath Spa University. However, The Past, 2015, became a major breakthrough for her, and rightly so. This is a classic plot of four siblings meeting up in their grandparents old house for three summer weeks, with their various families and accompanying persons. As the lap cover text teasingly suggests, Under the idyllic surface lie simmering tensions. Again, let me not reveal what these are, but I believe that Hadley convincingly creates characters whose modern lives are affected by the past, and who very much represent signi icant cultural and social changes in Britain over the last few decades. One reviewer, the novelist Anthony Quinn (The Guardian, 28 August 2015), compares Hadley to great writers such as Henry James, Jane Austen and Chekhov and believes she is one of Britain s greatest contemporary novelists. I would be hesitant to use comparisons like that, but Hadley is technically strong and she certainly has deep psychological insight just like her great predecessors. Anglo Files readers can ind a much better introduction to Hadley and The Past than I am able to provide here by reading Mar git Nordskov Nielsen s ine interview with the author in #179. Two novels with a legal perspective: Nicholas Shakespeare s Inheritance (2011) and Ian McEwan s The Children Act (2014) Inheritance by Nicholas Shakespeare takes its plot starting point in a half absurd piece of English law saying that it is possible to inherit money from a complete stranger, if that stranger has nobody else to inherit him. Our main character Andy Larkham, who is always late for everything, is also late for a funeral and by mistake walks into the wrong one, as there are several burial chapels. By signing the book of condolence there, he later inds that he has quali ied for a legacy of several million pounds. Of course it does not stop here, it only begins, as our hero Andy cannot resist the temptation of inding out as much as possible about the deceased millionaire. I promise this will be my last mention in this article of my reluctance to reveal the full plot, but let me say that it takes a very different direction than could have been expected, as we now move into the destiny of an Armenian, who made his fortune in the Australian iron mining industry. Nicholas Shakespeare, like the great predecessor he shares his name with, develops an intricate plot that often operates across borders, moves us with his human insight, and employs exquisite language, although I am not suggesting that one Shakespeare is on a par with the other one. Ian McEwan, a proli ic novelist once looked down upon in academia, then getting certain university professors to realize their mistakes with novels such as Atonement (2001) and Saturday (2005), is now so much on top of his career as a writer that he does whatever pleases him, which is refreshing. His latest three novels are Sweet Tooth (2012), The Children s Act ANGLO FILES Februar

18 Tema: Ny litteratur (2014) and Nutshell (2016). It has been a hard choice to select one for this survey, but let me say that I will only brie ly recommend the highly entertaining Sweet Tooth, set during the Cold War and its world of spies, as well as Nutshell, a not-to-be-missed palimpsest, rewriting of Hamlet as a piece of modern magic realism, with Hamlet represented as the narrative voice of an unborn child, whose mother and brother-in-law are plotting to kill his father. The accomplishes are called Trudy and Claude, certainly funny versions of the names Gertrude and Claudius. The novel sees McEwan returning to his master skills at thrillers with an intelligent and sinister design. The Children Act, however, not only falls better within the headline of this section of my article, it may well be seen more as top-notch Mc- Ewan than the other two novels. We follow a High Court Judge, Fiona May, who mainly presides over cases in the family court. The speci ic case that becomes central in the novel is about a 17-year-old Jehova s witness needing a blood transfusion, which the court can rule he should have to save his life, despite the opposition of both parents and the boy himself. Fiona, like probably most of McEwan s readers, at irst thinks that this is a fairly simple case, but it turns out that it involves several legal and not least human dilemmas. Fiona embarks on a moral investigation of her own innermost self, in a late time of her life where she is already contemplating her life situation in a marriage that has its own challenges. In my opinion McEwan has written one of his best novels with this moral investigation, and as always (well, nearly always, there was in my opinion a slip in Solar, 2010, not a bad novel, but...) McEwan is able to live up to his own ideal as expressed in Bogforum 2001, in an interview with Bo Green Jensen (personal presence), that a novelist should always be able to capture his reader from the irst page and keep that reader s attention. In The Children Act McEwan is sharp in doing just that. Going back to childhood and adolescence: Julian Barnes The Sense of an Ending (2011) and John Banville s Ancient Light (2012). Julian Barnes enjoys the well-deserved reputation as one of the most important British writers today and must surely have been considered a candidate for the Nobel Prize for literature. His most recent publications include three essays in Levels of Life (2013), from which I particularly recommend the text The loss of depth, which mixes observations on the art of ballooning with a moving and very personal description of the loss of his wife Pat Kavanagh in Barnes most recent novel is The Noise of Time (2016), an excellent documentary novel about the life of the great Russian composer Shostakovich. Barnes has been shortlisted for the Booker Prize three times, for Flaubert s Parrot (1984), England, England (1998), and Arthur & George (2005), and inally won the prize, now the Man Booker, with The Sense of an Ending (2011). I have had the pleasure of teaching that novel several times already and can recommend it for advanced gymnasium classes as well, as the plot and tone easily catch also younger readers. As often, philosophical, historical and ethical issues are interwoven elegantly in Barnes writing, but it never becomes heavy reading. Our narrator, Tony Webster, now at retirement age, looks back to his schooldays, starting his trail of memories with the arrival in class of a particularly bright new pupil, Adrian Finn. Despite his promising future prospects, Adrian ended up committing suicide, and Tony s narrative is focused on coming to terms with what happened and why. The story involves a shared love interest in the same girl, Veronica, and not least an important part played by Veronica s mother in what becomes an echo of the plot of a classic Danish novel, to my knowledge not known to Barnes, Klaus Ri bjerg s Den kroniske uskyld (1958). Tony gradually inds out more about what actual- 18 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

19 Tema: Ny litteratur ly happened as he starts communicating with Veronica and her brother again, in the frame story s present time plot. Veronica s repeated You don t get it, do you?, by and by illustrates why Tony reaches only the sense of an ending. He ends up being revealed as not only highly unreliable, but also morally dubious. For many years Irish writer John Banville was known mainly as a writers writer, admired for his exquisite prose by colleagues, but not selling much. The Sea (2005) changed that, winning him many new readers as well as the Man Booker Prize. In Ancient Light Banville returns to the same narrative situation, an elderly man looking back to his adolescence, where something dramatic happened that changed the course of his life. In The Sea it was a drowning episode, whereas here it is something more pleasant, the irst erotic experience. Yet it is dramatic, because the love affair is between a 15-year-old boy and a 35-year-old woman. A well-known motif of course, again Ri bjerg s novel and for instance Bo Widerberg s ilm Lust och fägring stor (1995), could be mentioned as examples. However, in Banville s version it is also a inely conceived and highly sensuous trip down memory lane to a different life in Ireland back in the 1950s. I will give just one example to illustrate Banville s touching account of the boy moving from innocence to experience. Here the adult narrator is speculating about whether his mother knew of the affair: And did you never suspect what your son was up to, never once, throughout that broiling, tumid summer. Surely a mother would not be so blind to the passions of her only child. You said no word, dropped no hint, posed no question. Yet what if you did suspect, what if you did know, and were too appalled, too terri ied to speak, to challenge, to forbid? This possibility troubles me [...] (Banville, Ancient Light, Penguin 2013: 186). National and personal identity, memory and loss: Kazuo Ishiguro s The Buried Giant (2015) and Jonathan Coe s Expo 58 (2013) and Number 11 (2015) Readers of Kazuo Ishiguro, and since The Remains of the Day (1989) we have been many, will recognize the key words in this subheading as dominant themes in all his works. Whereas identity and memory are consistent focal points, Ishiguro has tried his hand at a number of different genres, including the detective novel with When We Were Orphans (2000) and science iction with Never Let Me Go (2005), leaving his personal touch in whichever genre he writes. In The Buried Giant Ishiguro has turned to Arthurian romance, a world inhabited by ogres and dragons in a legendary Britain full of mist and rain. We follow the elderly couple Axl and Beatrice, who inhabit a cave and ind themselves in social dif iculties with the other cave inhabitants. At some point vaguely remembered by both, their only son has left them, and they now set out on a quest to redeem their great loss and perhaps retrieve contact. The literary critic Tom Holland suggests convincingly that the chief inspiration for Ishiguro is the fantasy world of Tolkien, which of course in turn owes much to medieval genres. He also recognizes the core position of Axl and Beatrice s story by saying that At the heart of The Buried Giant, luminous amid all the dragons and warring knights, is a deeply affecting portrait of marital love, and of how even the most precious memories can end up vulnerable (Review by Tom Holland in The Guardian, 4 March 2015). One of the most remarkable points of the novel is the inclusion of the well-known Arthurian knight Sir Gawain, who appears not at his full power, but as aged as Axl and Beatrice, and as vulnerable as they. He becomes emblematic of a situation where a mysterious amnesia has af licted the whole of Britain, which is also the main cause for Axl and Beatrice s memo- ANGLO FILES Februar

20 Tema: Ny litteratur ry problems. It is a nation in crisis that cannot remember its own history, its own roots, but will the awakening of a buried giant perhaps solve the crisis or the opposite? In an interview in connection with the novel s publication Ishiguro suggests the latter, while making it clear that the novel s idea of the British nation s legendary past is symbolically connected with the present: The giant well buried is now beginning to stir, Mr. Ishiguro said, referring to the scene late in the novel. And when it wakes up, there s going to be mayhem. (Ishiguro in an interview with Andrew Testa in The New York Times, 20 February 2015). Although usually in a more light-hearted tone of voice, Jonathan Coe is also, in all of his novels since his breakthrough What a Carve-Up (1994), concerned with national and personal identity and the loss of memory and history. Expo 58 takes its main setting from a world exhibition held in Bruxelles in 1958, where our main character, the quiet and unexceptional Thomas Foley, is more or less accidentally thrown into representing British culture, haunted down by of icers in the Central Of ice of Information, where he happens to hold a minor position. Here is an extract from the hilarious hiring scene: Me sir? But... But what? Your father ran a pub for twenty years, didn t he? So you must have learned something about that time. (Page 11) As pointed out by reviewer Robert McCrum in The Observer (7 September 2013), Coe is one of the few present-day writers who successfully lives up to Graham Greene s idea of an entertainment, where thriller and comedy are successfully combined. I would add that Coe s satirical talent and strong sense of Englishness at its best and worst shine through very clearly in this novel, where he is able to consider Britain on the international scene, at Expo 58 squeezed in between the USA and The Soviet Union. Coe s most recent novel Number 11 is mainly set on British territory, but the satirical glasses worn are as sharply clear as in Expo 58. Coe has thankfully decided to please his fans (and I am one) by making this, his novel number 11, include explicit and implicit allusions to many of his earlier novels, starting with an epigraph taken from What a Carve-Up that suggests a link between greed and madness. The full title of the novel is in fact Number 11 or Tales that Witness Madness, and as in the in my opinion still most successful publications by Coe to date, the novel sequel The Rotters Club (2001) and The Closed Circle (2004), the idea is to develop a range of subplots and connect these in clever ways, not only by the thematic ideas of greed and madness, but also through character links across subplots and by the binding idea of number 11 that appears in new and surprising contexts throughout the novel s parts or tales. In one of the grossest satires in the novel, about ilthy rich property owners in London spoiling the housing market for everybody else, it refers to the absurd creation of an 11th underground loor, not for use, but for showing off. In one of the best tales in the novel, The comeback, the number is used as the Number 11 bus route, which follows the whole of Birmingham s outer circle, a route travelled by one of the two main characters, Alison, in well-known Coe-country, his native city. The other main character, her mother Val, gets rolled up in a bizarre reality TV programme, where she is cast deliberately as the antagonist, despite her actual singing talent. In Coe s eyes a characteristic kind of modern-day manipulation of reality, where greed leads to madness, not least in the media. Three brief mentions and a disappointment: Sarah Waters The Paying Guests (2014), DBC Pierre s Breakfast with the Borgias (2014), Graham Swift s Mothering Sunday (2016) and Zadie Smith s Swing Time. It cannot be ruled out that I have Anglo Files readers who remember or even now retrace 20 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

21 Tema: Ny litteratur my earlier articles about recent British iction, although these novels as well as my articles are not so recent anymore. As I stated above, some of the writers discussed in earlier articles have to my mind produced nothing much worth mentioning since, but I have decided only to include Zadie Smith as a writer whose development I regret, mainly because she still holds such a strong public voice and is also a prominent member of the literary establishment. Before I embark on a criticism of in particular Swing Time, let me round off also by a brief mention of three novelists that in my eyes have so far seen their high points and not yet returned to those heights. Sarah Waters The Night Watch (2006) was received also by me with great praise. I thought The Paying Guests (2014) worth reading, but without the depth and scope of the former novel. Set in London 1922, Waters manages to construct another period piece of some interest, but the murder plot is fore-grounded to an extent that shifts the focus from historical documentary novel to lesbian love thriller. DBC Pierre followed his major breakthrough with Vernon God Little (2003) with the thematically related if less brilliant Ludmila s Broken English (2006) and Lights out in Wonderland (2010). In Breakfast with the Borgias (2014) he keeps up his characteristic writing style with an element of the grotesque, but the genre is now horror/thriller. It has its interesting points and as far as I can see lives up to the demands of a genre I do not personally cultivate, but so far Vernon God Little towers as clearly his best novel. Graham Swift has in my opinion had a very shifting writing career, but with Waterland (1983) and Last Orders (1996) as high points not only among his works, but in modern British iction, some less fortunate novels and short story collections can be forgiven. Actually in his most recent, short novel, Mothering Sunday, he has a story to tell, justifying his own labelling of it as a romance. The account of a day in the life, 30 March 1924, of Jane Fairchild, an orphan and a housemaid, is successfully conveyed to the reader with a well researched factual representation of its time and a convincing representation of its main character. The ending is also plot-wise remarkable, and it includes reference to no other than Joseph Conrad, some of whose books are bought by Jane, no doubt on Swift s part to illustrate the idea of romance. In Swing Time Zadie Smith, as in her previous novel NW (2012), mainly operates with a north London setting, but there are parts of the novel taking place in respectively New York and Africa. We follow a irst person narrator, whose name we never learn, through shifting past and present scenes. The past scenes take place in the 1990s, where two girls become friends through their enthusiasm for tap dancing in the Fred Astaire tradition (hence the title Swing Time), whereas the present day scenes follow the narrator in an assistant job for the performer Aimee, a ictive star whose career has many parallels to Madonna, but whose name suggests also parallels to Amy Winehouse. In particular Aimee, but also the narrator s friend Tracey, are rendered as not very sympathetic main characters, who exploit their surroundings unscrupulously and end up as respectively drug addict and stalker, Tracey perhaps both. Up to a point I can accept that an author wants to operate with unsympathetic main characters, and even that both Aimee, Tracey and the anonymous narrator are rendered as rather one-dimensional and not psychologically developed characters. However, Smith furthermore (as she did in NW) challenges her reader with such a great number of even less psychologically portrayed characters that I admit to dif iculties keeping track of them all, not to mention having any empathy with them. Moreover, I was reasonably led to believe by ANGLO FILES Februar

22 Tema: Ny litteratur what I irst thought was an entertaining introduction to the girls intimate world of dancing and by the novel title that I was reading a novel about swing time dance and music and its aftermath, but the plot, very loose and jumping between disconnected episodes, soon moves away from that perspective, as if the author loses focus and interest in dancing, only to return to it at the end of the novel. The narrative technique and composition of Swing Time, not least with its irst person narrator, is quite simply a failure. Worst of all Smith seems to have forgotten the humour and satirical perspectives on the wonderful characters she created in White Teeth (2000) and On Beauty (2005). Now her writing is black and bleak. I accept that there are things to be angry about both in race and class relations, but an author s anger is not always convincing in itself. Many of the reviews I have read of Swing Time disagree with me, and Smith has the loyal following of some. However, a couple of reviewers show some skepticism, and several of them remark that character and plot are not the main interests of the author. In brief conclusion, I hope to have shown that recent literature from the British Isles is full of exciting writing that deserves our attention as teachers of English literature. My personal medicine for being disappointed once in a while, as with Zadie Smith, is to take comfort in the fact that at the moment world literature is being written even closer to the Danish shores than Britain. I am of course here thinking of Norway and especially my own favourite writer in recent years, Karl Ove Knausgård, who has incidentally also hit both the British and the American book markets. One of the most enthusiastic review bits I ve seen about Min Kamp was actually written by Zadie Smith! Source: Book cover for The Sense of an Ending 22 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

23 Tema: Ny litteratur By Marianne Kongerslev Marianne Kongerslev is part-time lecturer, ph.d. fellow, at Center for American Studies, Syddansk Universitet A Survey of Native American Literatures Like the mythical Noble Savage doomed to perish, Native American literatures are often relegated to the margins of American literary history and the teaching of American literatures. But Native authored narratives ought to be considered integral to the canon. A popular notion in the context of the American literary canon is that Native literatures did not exist before the arrival and invasion of the European settlers; however, this kind of de inition of literature seems both outdated and Eurocentric. Like Native cultural practices and social organization that inspired Anglo-American political institutions, 1 feminist movements, 2 and national culture, 3 Native narratives have existed in oral and pictorial forms for millennia and have contributed not only to modern and postmodern Native texts, but also to Anglo-American texts. An article such as this can only be selective in its scope, and therefore this article focuses on late twentieth century and contemporary Native narratives from the geographically contiguous United States. Although Native literature has a centuries long history and Native authors have actively participated in the creation of the broader American canon since the founding of the nation, the focus here is on the period from the late 1960s until the present. This period starts with the Native American Renaissance, a term that was coined by literary scholar Kenneth Lincoln, who used it to describe a renewed interest in and growth of Native-authored literature in the late 1960s. 4 The Native American Renaissance Beginning with the publication of Kiowa author N. Scott Momaday s House made of Dawn in 1968, Native literature did indeed have a kind of popular rebirth, even though the term is slightly misrepresentative since Native writers were writing poetry and iction but to little public awareness in the period preceding Momaday s novel. Because House Made of Dawn won the Pulitzer Prize in 1969, the general public became aware of what has often been characterized as the postmodern characteristics of Native literatures, and this lent credence to the notion that Native iction was worthwhile as both a scholarly pursuit and as popular entertainment. Many of the novels associated with the Native American Renaissance center around similar themes and tropes. Momaday s novel features Abel, a veteran returning home to ind that he can no longer function in Anglo culture or his native Kiowa culture. Abel is an alcoholic and suffers from PTSD, and he bumbles through life trying to ind a purpose. The novel thus draws on the genre conventions of the Bildungsroman, but instead of having as its resolution a growth or education, Abel inds purpose and meaning through a return to tradition through ceremony. This no- ANGLO FILES Februar

24 Tema: Ny litteratur tion of returning, or homing-in /homecoming as it is often called, is central to several novels of the period. Similarly, Laguna Pueblo author and poet Leslie Marmon Silko s irst novel, Ceremony (1974), also focuses on the restora tive powers of tradition and ceremony to the lost and wounded returning soldier. Thus many texts of the period focus on quests for identity, reviving traditions, and cultural survival. This, however, is not speci ic to the renaissance writers. Earlier novelists such as S. Alice Callahan (Muscogee) with Wynema: A Child of the Forest (1891), Okanagan writer Mourning Dove/Hum-Ishu-Ma with Cogewea The Half-Blood (1927), and Salish author D Arcy McNickle with The Surrounded (1936) also touched on the themes of mixed-blood identity and cultural survival. In luenced in particular by the social and cultural changes of their times, these authors were heavily activist working to further Native civil rights. Native Americans only became citizens of the U.S. in 1924 but had been ighting for landrights and legitimacy since the end of the Indian Wars of the late nineteenth century. Callahan s Wynema was published the same year the Indian Wars of icially ended with the Wounded Knee massacre, and this event plays a signi icant role in the novel, as the main character, a young Christian Muscogee woman adopts a Lakota orphan whose parents were killed in the massacre. In Wynema Callahan, furthermore, takes up the theme of tribal allotment, which is also a central concern of Hum-Ishu-Ma s novel Cogewea. This theme was inspired by the Dawes or Gene ral Allotment Act (1887), which forced tribes to accept individualistic farming practices in order to promote civilization by allotting land to each tribal member instead of letting the tribes own land communally. Land that was not allotted was subsumed under the federal government resulting in massive land losses. This ultimately enabled the federal government to legally sell Native lands to non-natives. In Cogewea the theme is explored through a gendered lens, as the main character, Cogewea, is duped by an Eastern con-man who only woos her to steal her land. Both of these novels are deeply lawed and expose the problematic nature of Native-White collaborative writing 5 and the power of white editors in determining the inal version of Native texts. As Laguna Pueblo/Sioux author Paula Gunn Allen remarks, Cogewea is a maimed and martyred text, an apt description of Wynema as well. 6 The political engagement of the authors with their contemporary society thus greatly determines the themes and tropes of the narratives. The renaissance writers were often in- luenced by and actively involved in the civil rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s. In House Made of Dawn, the policy known as Termination (ca ), which resulted in huge numbers of Natives migrating from reservations to big cities, functions as the backdrop of several chapters set in Los Angeles, where a disparate group of indigenous people have formed a disorganized community. Termination had the goal of breaking apart tribal communities in order to assimilate Natives into Anglo-American society, a theme the novel heavily criticizes. The scattered tribal people and loosely organized communities do not offer the support Natives would otherwise have on reservations. Abel literally ends up broken in body and symbolically in spirit before inding his way home to heal. This is also manifested through the authors language use and style. The novels are at times dense with stream of consciousness and fragmentation, focusing on the inner experiences and subjectivities of the characters. House Made of Dawn, for instance, is narrated by several narrators and thus displays a fragmented multiple-voicedness common to both Native literary novels and postmodern writing. 24 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

25 Tema: Ny litteratur Survival might be the single theme that ties most of the novels of the renaissance together. Whereas House Made of Dawn and Ceremony focus on the healing of broken people, novels such as James Welsh s Fools Crow (1986) explore American history through an indigenous lens. The novel tells the story of a young Blackfeet warrior, Fools Crow, and his tribe s encounters with invading Europeans. Culminating in a massacre, the novel criticizes U.S. colonial history, but also offers a vision for future survival through cultural (ex)change and hybridity. As a novel written by a Native author in the 1980s, it illustrates its own complex historicity. In many ways it draws attention to the mythologizing discourse around Natives as extinct or relegated to the past, popularized especially through the western literary and ilm genre. Although Welsh also published a previous novel, Winter in the Blood (1974), that to a large extent uses the same themes and follows a similar narrative arc as Ceremony and House Made of Dawn, the use of the historical setting for Fools Crow brought another dimension to the literary signi icance of the renaissance writers works. One of the most proli ic and, in his own words, postmodern authors of the Native American Renaissance, Gerald Vizenor (Anishinaabe) describes the Native American literary survival strategy as survivance. As a combination of the words survival and resistance survivance signi ies actively challenging oppression and colonization. Using this notion of survivance in his own literary as well as scholarly works, Vizenor explores the possibilities of literary sovereignty and self-determination through humor and subversion. Vizenor has written more than thirty books encompassing poetry, iction, scholarship, and theatrical plays. One of Vizenor s favored themes is the humorous subversion of history and power. For instance, his debut novel from 1978 Darkness in Saint Louis Bearheart, a darkly funny, dystopian story follows an absurd and grotesque ensemble of characters led by the trickster Proude Cederfair. The novel exempli ies Vizenor s dark sense of humor and parody, as it takes up well-known themes and discourses in U.S. history such as Manifest Destiny and capitalism. Like Silko and Welsh, Vizenor also thematizes identity, and his vision is comedic and parodic, utilizing the mixed-blood as a trope in relation to survivance. Crossbloods as Vizenor calls them are uniquely suited for survivance and subversion. Linking the mixed-bloods to the trickster igure of the oral tradition, Vizenor argues that through ambiguity, chance, and trickery the mixed-bloods engage in playful subversion of norms, customs, and discourses. To Vizenor the text itself and by extension the novel becomes a trickster of sorts, especially postmodern novels that defy interpretation and refuse categorization. By thus breaking down boundaries, literature can enter into the gaps and create new understandings. The Second Phase of the Native American Renaissance Some scholars argue that the renaissance is divided into two phases, the irst of which I discussed above. The second phase is said to begin roughly around Although this division is heavily disputed, the 1990s did see a further renewal of interest in Native works of iction. The 1990s was also characterized by a turn in the representation of Natives in movies and television. In the beginning of the decade, for example, Dances with Wolves and The Last of the Mohicans showed Natives in a more sympathetic light. Although these ilms still relied heavily on the racist tropes of extinction, white men playing Indian, and the fear of miscegenation, they do signify a change in representational logic. This new logic, however revisionist, illustrates the changing role and perception of natives in US society. The period since 1990 has seen a great increase in publications by Native authors. ANGLO FILES Februar

26 Tema: Ny litteratur One of the most popular of the new generation of writers is Louise Erdrich (Ojibwe), whose novels create a mesh of stories within stories that overlap both in time and in terms of characters. With the publication of her irst novel, Love Medicine, in 1984, Erdrich began an almost lifelong chronicling of the lives of the inhabitants of Little No Horse reservation. Little No Horse is a ictional version of Erdrich s own White Earth Reservation in North Dakota, a Faulknerian simulation of a real place. Most of her novels take place on Little No Horse or adjacent to the reservation. The chronology of the action of the novels does not follow the chronology of the publication dates. Love Medicine tells the stories of an intermingled set of families structured mostly as irst person narratives resembling short stories. Each chapter is a self-contained story narrated by a new character in each chapter, but taken together, the stories function as a communal telling of the life of June Morrissey. Erdrich s third novel, Tracks (1994) introduces more thoroughly one of Erdrich s most important characters, Fleur Pillager. In Tracks, two narrators tell two different versions of Fleur s life. The 2004 novel Four Souls continues the plot of Tracks. In both novels Erdrich explores the themes of reservation life, (mixed-blood) identity, and colonial violence, themes she often returns to throughout her career. The style of the novels is important to touch upon as well. Like Momaday s House Made of Dawn, Erdrich s novels are narrated by several characters, giving the works a communal or multiple-voiced style of narration. The most accessible of the new generation of Native writers is Spokane/Coeur D Alene poet and author Sherman Alexie. Combining Erdrich s folksy popularity with Vizenor s absurd humor, Alexie s early works focus on reservation life with all the social problems that entails. Touching on alcoholism, violence, and absent fathers, the works simultaneously display an ironic distance to their own subject matter. Stories like the ones collected in The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fist ight in Heaven (1993) and the novel Reservation Blues (1995) are humorous and depressing at the same time. Alexie criticizes stereotypes and misrepresentations of Natives, especially in popular culture, by turning stereotypes on their head or ironically re-appropriating them. For example, by parodying and poking fun at the most prevalent stereotype of the Indian the drunken Indian Alexie both exposes his readers own prejudices and draws attention to the social problems of his tribe. Humor and laughter provide much better weapons and protection than direct antagonism, because, as Alexie states, people can t run as fast when they re laughing. 7 In the last couple of decades, Native literatures have moved away from the somewhat formulaic plots and standard themes mentioned above and started to focus on more varied Native experiences. The mixed-blood and the intersectional aspects of identity still play a huge role in many Native works of iction. Likewise, the inspiration gathered from the oral tradition continues to be popular, especially in the light of a newfound focus more generally on the legitimacy of indigenous forms of knowledge. Poetry Native poetry has tended to be under-theorized and neglected in scholarship, even though multiple anthologies featuring indigenous poets have been published. Poetry, furthermore, also resonates strongly with the oral tradition, perhaps even more so than Native novels. In poetic forms, Native authors can experiment with language, imagery, and emotion in signi icantly different ways than in novels. Gerald Vizenor, among others, have compared traditional Native ceremonial songs and their imagery, if not their form, to Japanese haiku. For instance, a traditional Ojibwe spirit song goes: 26 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

27 Tema: Ny litteratur Credits: Slowking 4, Wikemedia Commons Credits: Larry D. Moore CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikemedia Commons Author Sherman Alexie at the 2007 Texas Book Festival, Austin, Texas, United States. Alexie won the 2007 National Book Award for Young People's Literature for his book The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. Author Louise Erdrich reading at the 2015 National Book Festival. Erdrich won the 2012 National Book Award for Fiction for her novel The Round House. As my eyes look over the prairie I feel the summer in the spring 8 In 2015 Muscogee Creek poet Joy Harjo won the prestigious Wallace Stevens Award for her decades long poetic career. Upon learning this, she took to Facebook to express her gratitude. The award speci ically honors poets, and Harjo explains the special signi icance of poetry to her own Muscogee community, stating: I ve learned that poetry could heal the broken heart... It can assist in healing humans, creatures, plants and countries. It speaks unspeakable truths. Poetry is almost always present at those major transitions in our lives: birth, marriage, death, and... love. It assists in healing my tribal nation. It s poetry being sung at the ceremonial grounds or in the Creek churches, and because of it we feel ourselves moving together into a greater understanding despite the struggles, the battles. It is one of the toughest teachers. It teaches us how to listen, to even the most dif icult truths. 9 This conception of poetry is similar to the common view among Native authors of the role of stories more broadly speaking as creative, ceremonial, healing, and teaching. In an interview with Angels Carabi, Harjo explains the power of narratives: Stories create us. We create ourselves with stories, 10 which is a sentiment expressed in similar ways by many other Native authors and poets. > ANGLO FILES Februar

28 Tema: Ny litteratur New Media Contemporary Native writers and poets build on the renaissance successes and continue to reinvent Native literatures across genres and media. For instance, through the use of visual poetry and performance art, Native storytellers are bringing tradition into the 21st century. Bridging the gap between poetry and visual media, poets such as LeAnne Howe (Choctaw) and Heid E. Erdrich (Ojibwe) create videopoetry published primarily in online journals. Howe s Noble Savage Learns to Tweet (2014) 11 and Erdrich s Pre-Occupied 12 are both hybrid forms videopoems that explore memory, ongoing colonialism, and stereotypes in absurd and humorous ways. In this way, this new generation of poets draws on the renaissance tradition as well as the oral tradition but carry Native literatures into the 21st century by exploring new media and new technologies. The Power of Words To many Native authors and poets, literatures and poetries are means of survival and storytelling signi ies more than mere entertainment although it is undoubtedly that. Stories form the world. From the oral tradition to contemporary iction and poetry, Native storytellers have understood the power of words, iction, and imagination to change and create. Notes 1 See for instance Feathers, Cynthia, and Susan Feathers. The Iroquois In luence on American Democracy. Guild Practitioner, vol. 63, no. 1, 2006, pp Or Mohl, Allan S. The Rise and Fall of the Iroquois Confederacy: Its In luence on Early American History. Journal of Psychohistory, vol. 34, no. 4, 2007, pp See for instance Wagner, Sally R. Is Equality Indigenous? The Untold Iroquois In luence on Early Radical Feminists. On The Issues, vol. 5, no. 1, 1996, pp From agricultural practices to artistic expressions, Native cultural in luences on U.S culture are too numerous to list. 4 K. Lincoln, The Native American Renaissance (1985). 5 Cogewea is widely accepted as a co-written text by Hum-Ishu-Ma and her editor Lucullus McWhorter, whose intrusions into the otherwise standard western romance plot serve to break apart the narrative. 6 Allen, Paula Gunn. The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions (1988), p Blewster, Kelley. Tribal Visions: Exploring the World of Books. Biblio, Vol. 4, No. 3, March, 1999: Vizenor, Gerald. 9 Jacobs, Alex. Exclusive: Joy Harjo Speaks on Winning Poetry s Most Prestigious Award. Indian Country Today Media Network. Indian Country Today Media Network, LLC, 11 September Coltelli, Laura. Winged Words: American Indian Writers Speak. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, Print ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

29 Tema: Ny litteratur By Simone Hauptmann Simone Hauptmann is from Germany and has previously worked for several international companies in Germany and Denmark focusing on sales, communication and translation before she gained a Master s Degree in German, English and Art History at the University of Copenhagen. For the past three years, Simone has been teaching German and English as a temporary teacher at Nørre Gymnasium, Rysensteen Gymnasium and Helsingør Gymnasium. Currently, the author teaches English and Visual Arts on the permanent staff at Vestegnen HF & VUC. The Heart Goes Last the latest novel by Margaret Atwood Hot off the press in January 2017 it was announced that the Canadian author Margaret Atwood (born in 1939 in Ottawa), who currently is Vice President of PEN International, has done it again. One more time, the fantastically ingenious writer has been recognized for her work receiving the lifetime achievement award of the American National Book Critics Circle (NBCC) for best literature published in the United States. The renowned writer, poet and political activist, probably most versatile and proli ic storyteller of our time, can present an impressive body of work comprised of poetry, iction and critical essays since the late 1960s. One of her award-winning novels dealing with a dismal futuristic place, The Handmaid's Tale (1985), is being adapted for a TV series at present. Ms. Atwood has many irons in the ire having recently published her irst graphic novel about a cat-bird superhero Angel Catbird. Legend has it she also is a skillful cake decorator. Regardless, it becomes obvious that the writer s favored realms are dystopias. The protagonists are tossed into the oppressive existentialist struggle left to their own devices and resourcefulness. Themes such as survival, surveillance and surreal sex life are woven into the bizarre plot thereby adding to the unbelievable credibility of the characters as their lives take a fateful turn for the better. Or at least for a little while. In her latest novel, The Heart Goes Last, published in 2015, the narrator introduces us to the married couple Stan and Charmaine whose luck has run out some time ago so that they have to make a living in their old, cramped car. They park in different parking lots during the nights to keep the unlawful at bay. Stan is unemployed leaving the two to get by on Charmaine s meagre wages she makes waiting at the PixelDust bar in the town. They are bereaved of privacy and a proper meal, all the while wickedness and vice lurk right around the corner. Stan and Charmaine represent the working poor who have fallen far beyond the poverty line, so they cannot even afford a bed or a decent shower. One of the captivating elements in the novel is Atwood s ability to let the reader completely in on the thought process of both main characters. They keep on interrupting and dismissing the strands of thought while arguing or making decisions. This stream of consciousness creates a dynamic opposition reveal- ANGLO FILES Februar

30 Tema: Ny litteratur ing their agitation over their otherwise current stagnant life. Charmaine is the romantic in the relationship and generally holds up a positive outlook. However, she fears for their relationship and misses the notion of adventure. Her pragmatic, matter-of-fact-like husband Stan has a less romantic opinion of life in general. He is angry and longs for a sense of purpose in his life. One night, fortune smiles upon Charmaine and Stan from a TV commercial pitching the Positron Project in the new shiny town of Consilience. To become part of the social experiment, every inhabitant is offered a job and a home. In return, every other month they have to swap their suburban life for a prison cell. While serving time in prison, their alternates will live in their home until they have to return to the detention cell. Alternates are not to mingle; still the narrator has different plans. It is not hard to sympathize with the couple tempted to embark on a future with brighter prospects where slogans rhyme in harmonious and polished alliterations. It seems foolish to turn down the promise of curtains, king-sized beds, not least a steady job. The aftermath of the inancial and the social turmoil has left the couple utterly destitute and out of options, therefore the waitress and the former engineer at Dimple Robotics decide to sign up for a better life in pastel colors. This is when the author brilliantly applies subtle undertones. They are off and ironic, when Charmaine expresses her feelings to Stan about the new opportunity at the Harmony Hotel: Oh, Stan, Charmaine breathes at him over the electric candles on their table for two. It s like a dream come true! (p. 33). Naturally, the narrator chose an appealing and charismatic head of the project called Ed who regularly broadcasts motivational messages to the inhabitants of Consilience. He has a striking resemblance to the archetypical religious leader that makes the reader feel suspicious of foul play. But he is handsome and trustworthy when the slogan rings: CONS + RESILIENCE = CONSILIENCE. DO TIME NOW, BUY TIME FOR OUR FUTURE. (p. 82) Once the novelty of the new life has worn off, little details of the couple s jobs inside the prison are revealed leaving the reader guessing: They always do them [Special Procedures] in the afternoons; they like to avoid the darkness of night. That way it s more cheerful for everyone, herself included. (p. 67) In the chapter The Heart Goes Last it becomes clear that Charmaine does operate in murky business. However, she is less worried about essential moral issues than about whether she carries out the task correctly, because even though they are not entirely sure of being watched, bits of suggestions of surveillance throughout the story appear to be enough to keep the inhabitants in check. Nonetheless, Charmaine feels safe and Stan is content. Their fundamental needs are covered and potential qualms soothed by the belief of doing the right thing. This is perfect timing for the couple to be challenged, so Charmaine starts to get quite graphically involved with the assertive male alternate Max, who usually lives in the house while the couple is in prison. Meanwhile, the narrator employs contrasts to emphasize that something is appallingly wrong in the would-be perfect scenario. Old-fashioned tunes play at the hotels, work facilities and in the streets. Music and Doris Day movies from the 1950s and 1960s simulate good times and mimic the economic boom and carefree feel of that period s Happy Days. As with music once produced on fragile vinyl, the ideal illusion of the worriless life without wrong decisions gets seriously warped and distorted. In fact, Atwood man- 30 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

31 Tema: Ny litteratur ages to twist the plot with a whimsical imagination, in that it becomes dif icult to escape the nail-biting tension or put down the book for a good night s sleep. As soon as the inal joyous tunes are sung and the honeymoon is over, absurd events topple over one another at an accelerated speed. How can the protagonists untangle themselves and their hearts from the twisted and horrible deal they signed up for? Surely, you will have to read the book, if you want to ind out. Get into Margaret Atwood s version of an Orwellian universe with propaganda and newspeak. I highly recommend digging into the world of contrasts as well as play on words and a good story with relatable main characters who ind themselves emerged in a dystopian context where not everything that shines is gold, because wickedness and vice always lurk right around the corner. Credits: Frankie Fouganthin, Wikemedia Commons Margaret Atwood in Stockholm in June 2015 ANGLO FILES Februar

32 Tema: Ny litteratur Af Bo Høpfner Clausen og Jesper Kaalund Graphic Novels Nye værker og idéer til klasseværelset Forfatterne er begge ansat på Aurehøj Gymnasium, hvor Bo Høpfner Clausen underviser i dansk og engelsk, og Jesper Kaalund underviser i engelsk og historie. De har sammen udgivet bogen Getting Graphic Introduction to Themes and Narratives in Graphic Novels (Gyldendal). Fra at være noget der i bedste Fahrenheit 451- stil blev brændt på bål i amerikanske skoler i 1950erne 1, er tegneseriens agtelse steget så meget, at den nu er at inde både på universiteternes pensa og i gymnasiernes klasseværelser. Det skyldes selvfølgelig delvis en udvikling i tidsånden, men i høj grad også en udvikling i mediet, der således i dag oftest går under betegnelsen graphic novels. Onde tunger vil kalde det nye navn et publicity stunt fra forlagsbranchen, men i de lestes øjne markerer det også tegneseriens coming-of-age. Tegneserien er med andre ord blevet voksen og litterær, men heldigvis uden at miste sin barnlige charme og frækhed. Den gra iske roman synes derfor at være et oplagt sted for elever og lærere at mødes. Mange kolleger har også allerede taget det (forholdsvis) nye medie til sig, og endnu lere er uden tvivl ved at tage tilløb. I 2015 udgav vi lærebogen Getting Graphic Introduction to Themes and Narratives in Graphic Novels (Gyldendal), der som titlen antyder er en indføring i mediets virkemidler og fortælleteknikker, men som også med fordel kan bruges af kolleger, der allerede har erfaring med graphic novels. Denne artikel vil også forsøge at begynde lidt fra bunden ved at foreslå idéer til, hvordan man kommer i gang med graphic novels i undervisningen, men samtidig vil den bygge oven på Getting Graphic ved at præsentere og didaktisere et par af de mange spændende værker, som er udkommet siden vores lærebog røg i trykken. Vi møder i vores hverdag på skolerne en visuelt orienteret generation af elever, og graphic novels giver os mulighed for at møde dem på deres hjemmebane, mens vi udfordrer dem analytisk og intellektuelt. Samtidig med at vi trækker på noget eleverne er knaldgode til, nemlig at læse billeder, får vi således mulighed for at opbygge en mere akademisk visual literacy hos eleverne, som også i høj grad lader sig overføre til den øvrige tekstlæsning, 32 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

33 Tema: Ny litteratur blandt andet via det konstante fokus på virkemidler og på forholdet mellem del og helhed, som lay-outet lægger op til. Desuden er det vores erfaring, at mediet i sig selv er stærkt elevmotiverende og, fristes man til at tilføje, lærermotiverende, idet man som underviser får en streng mere at spille på, og ved at graph ic novels inviterer til kreative arbejdsformer og gør pædagogiske strategier som fx undervisningsdifferentiering lettere. Selvom eleverne er trænede billedlæsere og med graphic novels let får mestringsoplevelser, så skal banen naturligvis stadigvæk kridtes op, når man skal til at arbejde med graphic novels, blandt andet fordi det er et de inerende træk ved mediet, at billeder og ord hele tiden spiller sammen. Det er vores erfaring, at eleverne får mest ud af forløbet, hvis de fra første løjt bliver indført i de gra iske virkemidler og hvordan graphic novels virker og læses. Et teoretisk fundament og den nødvendige terminologi kan fx indes i Getting Graphic, men det siger næsten sig selv, at begreberne hurtigt skal i spil for at blive husket og forstået. I den forbindelse kunne et didaktisk Columbusæg være at begynde med at læse en enkelt side eller to fra en klassisk superheltetegneserie, fx Batman 2. Dels er vi så tilbage, hvor det hele begyndte, men det giver også et overskueligt grundlag for at lege med begreberne. Det med at lege kan tages helt bogstaveligt ved at man kan lave en gang begrebsbingo, hvor eleverne får spilleplader med begreber, som de så skal forsøge at inde i deres Batman-uddrag. Første gang man arbejder med graphic novels er det nok bedst at læse lere gra iske tekster, så eleverne når at udvikle deres visual literacy og blive helt fortrolige med begreber og måden at læse på. Herefter er graphic novels noget man i højere grad kan jonglere med og hive ind som afveksling i alle mulige forløb på lige fod med noveller, digte, ilm, non- iction osv. Vi vil nu præsentere noget ny gra isk litteratur og samtidig forsøge at komme med idéer til, hvordan man kan arbejde med disse værker i undervisningen. Målet var at inde to meget forskellige værker for at vise noget af mediets enorme spændvidde. Sjovt nok viste begge graphic novels sig at være skrevet af Asian-Americans, men det skal ses som et tilfælde og ikke som nogen form for trend. Det ene værk vi har valgt er Adrian Tomines prisbelønnede novellesamling, Killing and Dying. I vores øjne en af de mest litterært ambitiøse graphic novels i Forfatteren Zadie Smith mener således også, at Tomine har more ideas in twenty panels than novelists have in a lifetime 3 Desuden er graphic short stories relativt sjældne, og der kan for eleverne ligge en tilfredstillelse i at læse en hel fortælling fremfor et romanuddrag. Vores andet valg hører til i en helt anden boldgade. Der er Jillian Tamakis anmelderroste Super Mutant Magic Academy, som er et værk der begyndte sit liv som webcomic, men som i 2015 også udkom i bogform. Titlen emmer af Harry Potter pastiche, og det er der en pointe i, men det er også meget mere end det. I Getting Graphic antologiserede vi en række gra iske tekster, hvoraf de leste eksperimenterede med paneler, lay-out og mediet generelt. I modsætning til det har vi her valgt to tekster, som umiddelbart er mere simple i udtrykket. Her skal vi altså se på, hvor meget mediet kan med små armbevægelser. Det er heller ikke uden grund, at Tomine i anmeldelser sammenlignes med både Alice Munro og Raymond Carver. Vores forslag går derfor på at lade Killing and Dying indgå i et forløb om minimalisme. Killing and Dying indeholder 6 noveller af varierende længde. Det kunne være både oplagt og spændende at læse den som værk, men de leste vil nok foretrække udvalgte noveller. Novellerne er stilistisk og tematisk ret forskellige. Fællesnævneren må ligge i en iden- ANGLO FILES Februar

34 Tema: Ny litteratur titetssøgen, som belyses gennem Tomines enestående psykologiske sans. Tomine er bestemt ikke blottet for humor, men grundtonen er alvorlig og til tider særdeles ubehagelig. Blandt novellerne er der Amber Sweet om en ung kvinde, der konstant forveksles med en pornostjerne. Her møder vi noget relativt sjældent i en graphic story, nemlig en unreliable narrator. Et andet eksempel er titelnovellen Killing and Dying, hvor en ung identitetssøgende pige kaster sig ud i at lave stand up. Gennem små, næsten usynlige hints, indser vi, at dette sker mens moren er ved at dø (og dør) af kræft. Man kunne med fordel sætte novellerne i spil med noveller fra Mette Herman og Stine Karlsens ine lærebog When Less is More American Minimalist Fiction (Gyldendal), hvor forfatterne også inddrager lere eksempler på minimalistiske malerier, og således allerede har kridtet banet op til en sammenligning af visuel og tekstuel minimalisme. En minimalistisk tilgang kunne også være interessant ud fra den betragtning, at det sætter yderligere fokus på det tegneseriekunstneren og -teoretikeren Scott McCloud kalder the invisible art. 4 McCloud argumenterer for, at hele magien i tegneserier ligger i det man ikke ser, det der ikke er med i panelerne, det der sker i the gutters mellem panelerne. Reader participation er med andre ord helt essentielt, og med minimalisme som formsprog bliver dette selvsagt endnu vigtigere. Novellerne kalder i høj grad på closure. To hurtige idéer til det gra iske i forløbet: 1. Eleverne udstyres med papir og blyant og sættes til at illustrere Hemingways udsagn the dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water i ht ud- eller selvvalgte passager fra de gra iske Tomine noveller. De skal så tegne 3 isbjerge, hvor 1/8 stikker over havets over lade, tegne selve havover laden og så også 7/8 under vandet. Det første isbjerg skal fokusere på dialog, dvs. speech balloons, det andet på en caption box og det tredje på et billede, gerne et silent panel. For hvert af disse skal de så skrive på isbjerget under vandet, hvad det er man ikke ser. Dette kan give anledning til overvejelser om fortælleforhold. Hvor og hvordan kommer minimalismen til udtryk i de gra iske noveller, og hvor meget/lidt siger henholdsvis billederne og de to former for tekst? Det kan også vel blive en konklusion, at man ikke kan se bort fra samspillet mellem de tre. Evt. kan dette så bagefter sammenlignes med fortælleforhold i en almindelig novelle. 2. Undervejs eller som afslutning på forløbet kunne det være oplagt at lade eleverne tegne selv og lave en remediering af en anden novelle, dvs. en gra isk adaptation af en almindelig novelle. A hængigt af niveau kunne man vælge mere eller mindre komplekse noveller og på den måde differentiere. Det kunne også være interessant vha. forskellige grupper at udforske forskellen på at remediere en minimalistisk novelle og en ikke-minimalistisk novelle, som så gra isk skulle fortælles med en tipof-the-iceberg teknik. Man kan også med fordel vælge et uddrag af en novelle. Udbyttet bliver uden tvivl størst ved at knytte den kreative skrivning sammen med et krav om at eleverne skal re lektere over, hvilke udfordringer de mødte i arbejdet og hvordan de forsøgte at løse disse, m.a.o. en slags analyse af deres egne valg af virkemidler. Man kunne selvfølgelig også give dem helt frit løb og lade dem selv inde på en historie. Det er vores erfaring, at mange elever faktisk tegner godt, og selv elever, der ikke gør, kan sagtens lave et interessant produkt med enkle midler, hvis der er et godt kendskab til gra- iske virkemidler. 34 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

35 Tema: Ny litteratur Super Mutant Magic Academy har vi valgt at lade indgå i et coming-of-age/growing up forløb. Det kunne være sammen med Tamakis egen This One Summer eller en gra isk klassiker som Daniel Clowes Ghost World 5. Titlen Ghost World peger fx på samme tanke som Tamaki leger med, nemlig at man som teenager be inder sig i en anden verden. I SMMA er det helt bogstaveligt en anden verden, nemlig en paranormal en. Desuden har begge i øvrigt kvindelige protagonister. Andre tekster kunne være Catcher in the Rye og ilmen Igby Goes Down, så der rettes lidt op på kønsbalancen. På nogle måder lever SMMA ikke op til alle coming-of-age genrekonventionerne, og i snæver forstand er den måske heller ikke en rigtig graphic novel. En passende betegnelse er måske fragmented (graphic) novel, da den består af en række meget korte episoder, snarere end et egentligt plot, men gradvist tager det hele form, og karaktererne får liv. I det paranormale møder vi universelle teenagefølelser, og det at inde sin footing i denne verden er ikke blevet nemmere af sociale medier og lydende kønsidentiteter. At have superpowers hjælper heller ikke alverden i denne sammenhæng. Fremfor den åbenlyse Harry Potter sammenligning, er det måske mere interessant at sammenligne med tegneseriens superhelte. I SMMA er der nemlig ingen der redder verden, superkræfterne bliver brugt på ligegyldige og småegoistiske ting, såsom at slippe af med bumser. Skal man vælge tre engelske 6 adjektiver til at karakterisere SMMA, må det blive cool og quirky og hilarious, men intet af dette på bekostning af den følsomhed, der kendetegner og løfter værket fra gags til litteratur. To hurtige idéer til det gra iske i forløbet: 1. SMMA er gennemsyret af humor. Der er mere end én slags, og det er humor som tjener et formål, så en oplagt øvelse kunne være at udstyre eleverne med teorier om humor og humoristiske virkemidler og lade dem forklare forskellige former for humor samt humorens formål i ht temaer og målgruppe. Samtidig kan humoren være bindeleddet mellem de ovenfor foreslåede tekster i forløbet, som alle er humoristiske. Det der adskiller SMMA fra de øvrige, måske med undtagelse af ilmen, er at humoren formidles i et samspil mellem ord og billeder, og nogle gange rent visuelt. Man kunne derfor sætte eleverne til at anvende ilminstruktør Tony Zhous Every Frame a Painting 7. Det er letforståelig ilmteori om bl.a. visuel humor, og graphic novels opererer jo netop med frames, så spørgsmålet er om det ikke kan overføres. Trods enkelte væsentlige forskelle, er ilm og tegneseriemediet nemlig nært beslægtede. 2. SMMA varierer, endnu vildere end Killing and Dying, i stil og i farvespektrum og kombineret med den løse streg, som Tamaki selv sammenligner med håndskrift, begynder formen at ligne indholdet, dvs. en søgen efter sig selv, sin stemme og stil. 8 Også sprogligt svinger stemmerne i værket mellem det uformelle og det formelle. Dette kan illustreres i denne dialog mellem to unge på skolen. En pige er i gang med noget kunst og får denne kommentar fra en dreng: It LOOKS like you re a big idiot. What a waste of time. Do you like wasting time? Does it make you feel smart or special? Til dette svarer hun: Time is an illusion. The Past is only memory and the Future is only a metaphor for our plans, hopes and dreams. They re human constructs, and therefore physically immeasurable. So if there is no clear measure of time, how can time be wasted?. Drengen skrider med følgende afskedssalut Well, that s stupid. See ya later time-waster-lover 9. Her er et eksempel på stillejer som kan bruges i personkarakteristikken, men ANGLO FILES Februar

36 Tema: Ny litteratur Credit: ReynardLi I m totally fascinated by the interior versus the exterior, Tamaki said. That s why I think it connects with that time in your life where it s just a monsoon happening inside, and everything is fucking going crazy, but from the outside you re just a zitty teenager. Other people are left to put the pieces together, what you re presenting versus what is reality, what you think it means and what it actually looks like. Or, she added, your base desire crashing against your intellectual structures. Wanting to be kissed is the most natural thing in the world. Jillian Tamaki i The Guardian books/2015/apr/24/jillian-tamaki-comics-graphic-novel-supermutant-magic-academy denne bliver endnu tydeligere, når billedsiden tages med. Kort sagt kan der laves en opgave, som evt. også kan differentieres ved, at man udvælger sider, hvor eleverne i grupper kan følge fx fremstillingen af drengene, af en bestemt pige eller af et aspekt som mobning. Grupperne kan være inddelt efter fx fagligt niveau eller køn. I ht deres fokus kan de så undersøge, hvordan (skift i) sproglig eller visuel stil bruges til at understøtte henholdsvis tematikken, stemningen og karaktertegningen. Det første er uden tvivl sværere end det andet, og de fagligt stærke grupper kan selvfølgelig også overveje samspillet. I det seneste nummer af Anglo Files skrev Ebbe Klitgård om det rimelige i at Bob Dylan i år blev tildelt Nobelprisen i litteratur og lovede at vende tilbage, når prisen blev tildelt Leonard Cohen. På samme måde lover vi at vende tilbage med en artikel, når den første nobelpris tilfalder en graphic novelist gerne Chris Ware. Videre læsning af graphic novels: På list.html har vi udarbejdet en annoteret liste over graphic novels, som, in our humble opinion, er værd at læse. Vi opdaterer løbende. 36 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

37 Tema: Ny litteratur Anvendt litteratur og forslag til videre læsning: Baetens, Jan og Frey, Hugo, The Graphic Novel An Introduction, Cambridge University Press,, 2015 Hajdu, David, The Ten-Cent Plague The Great Comic-Book Scare and How It Changed America, Picador, 2008 Clausen, Bo Høfner og Kaalund, Jesper, Getting Graphic Introduction to Themes and Narratives in Graphic Novels, Gyldendal, 2015 Clausen, Bo Høfner og Kaalund, Jesper, Serious Business Satire, Wit and Humour From Shakespeare to Postmodernism, Gyldendal, Herman, Mette og Karlsen, Stine, When Less is More American Minimalist Fiction, Gyldendal, 2014 Cortsen, Rikke Platz og Jørgensen, Mette, Tegneserier og tekstlæsning, Samfundslitteratur, 2015 McCloud, Scott, Understanding Comics The Invisible Art, HarperPerrenial, Randle, Chris, Jillian Tamaki: I Need to Spend Less Time in the Minds of Straight Men, The Guardian, Skotte, Kim, Alle unge er en slags mutanter, anmeldelse i Politiken d. 6/ Sousanis, Nick, Un lattening, Harvard University Press, 2015 Tamaki, Jillian, Super Mutant Magic Academy, Drawn & Quarterly Tomine, Adrian, Killing and Dying, Faber and Faber, 2016 Zhou, Tony, Every Frame a Painting, =24&list=PL2w4TvBbdQ3sMABf317ExCob_v6rW2-4s Notes 1 Læs fx mere i Hajdu, David, The Ten-Cent Plague The Great Comic-Book Scare and How It Changed America, Picador, Er eleverne dygtige, eller skal det bruges til eksamensrepetition, er Art Spiegelmans 1-sides novelle I Don t Get Around Much Anymore også en mulighed. 3 Citeret bag på Killing and Dying. 4 McCloud, Scott, Understanding Comics The Invisible Art, HarperPerrenial, Se fx uddrag i Getting Graphic. Den er også ilmatiseret og vandt en Oscar for bedste manuskript. 6 Se fx vores lærebog Serious Business Satire, Wit and Humour (Gyldendal) 7 Zhou, Tony, Every Frame a Painting, episode How to Do Visual Comedy fgag&index=24&list=pl2w4tvbbd- Q3sMABf317ExCob_v6rW2-4s 8 Skotte, Kim, Alle unge er en slags mutanter, anmeldelse i Politiken d. 6/ Jullian Tamaki, Super Mutant Magic Academy, Drawn and Quaterly, 2015, s. 37 CRISPR og gene e drive Genteknologi der kan udrydde hele e arter Nyt undervisningsmaterialeale fra Det Etiske Råd om CRISPR R og gene drive er rettet mod gymnasiets undervisning n n i biologi/biotek, i/b otek filosofi, religion og engelsk. Materialet og lærervejledning ng er tilgængeli lig 1. februar 2017 på Se live stream på di it gymna asium når førende e internationale forsker kere og medlemmer fra Det Etiske Råd præsenterer materialett og diskutere rer de etiske dilemmaer under Fo orskni ningens Døg øgn, 26. april 2017 kl til Lad eleverne deltage i deba atten; tilm meld din klasse til live stream senest 20. april ved at skrive til forsk@ufm.dk ANGLO FILES Februar

38 Tema: Ny litteratur By Ian Burns, Director and actor at That Theatre Company AFTER MISS JULIE by Patrick Marber Based on Miss Julie by August Strindberg. It would be interesting to learn more about how a modern playwright uses Strindberg and for what purposes. It sounds like a play that many Danish teachers and English teachers would want their students to see. Anglo Files asked me that question and inspired this article. First of all I think that this could easily be a modern piece of theatre and that as an audience we get to experience and empathize with the feelings of the characters, their hopes and their fears. * How have women s lives changed over the past 70 years? * Is the free-spirit that is Miss Julie ahead of her time? * What has shaped her to behave in the way she does? Both versions of this play are brilliant observations of male and female positions in society, then and now. Respectability, class and social status and behavior are under the microscope. It is an intense and passionate 75-minute one-act roller-coaster ride of a play, and I hope that you ll come in and see it. Patrick Marber: playwright Patrick Marber has been likened to two of Britain s best playwrights, Tom Stoppard and Harold Pinter. Praise indeed. Alan Franks, a journalist for The Times, said that Marber s singular achievement in British drama was: that he brings in younger audiences in suf icient numbers to sustain the argument that thoughtful theatre has a buoyant future. Educational connection Encouraging a younger audience to engage with good theatre is also one of our ambitions marks That Theatre Company s 20 th anniversary. We are proud to say that 50% of our audiences are students, either from Gymnasiums, Universities or adults studying English at evening schools. Well-written, intelligent and entertaining theatre excites me and teachers now know to trust our choices of plays. We hope. We also have educational material about our productions on our website free to download. (Birgitte Holm Halkjær from Birkerød Gymnasium writes this and will also be contributing to this issue of Anglo Files). The story in brief: respectability and social status Set in 1945 in an English country house on the eve of The Labour Party s landslide victory at the end of the Second World War, this compelling and erotic psychological thriller is 38 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

39 Tema: Ny litteratur inspired by August Strindberg s once universally banned masterpiece. During the anticipation of election victory celebrations, Julie, the beautiful daughter of the Labour peer who owns the house, wanders into the servant s kitchen. As she lirts with her father s handsome chauffeur, indifferent to the presence of his iancée Christine, what begins as game playing ignites into passion with devastating consequences. After Miss Julie depicts a struggle for power and dominance enacted through a cruel and compulsive game of seduction and repulsion. In an atmosphere of wild revelry and loosened social constraints, Miss Julie and John dance and drink, charm and manipulate each other. She, aristocratic, longing for abasement, he, polished, ambitious but coarse both united in mutual loathing and attraction. By turns seductive and bullying, savage and tender, their intimacy leads to desperate plans and vision of a life together... Unsure if the morning brings hope or hopelessness, Julie and John ind their escape in a inal act as sublime and horri ic as anything in Greek tragedy. A night of wild celebration is the backdrop of this story. The characters: imagine Downtown Abbey Christine (35) a cook, content with her life. Plans to marry John. Has waited for him for 5 years while he was a soldier in the army. She s a devout Christian, but not above making extra money on the black market. John (30) a chauffeur and opportunist with huge ambitions to better himself. He has hopes of one day buying a title and owning a hotel in New York. An opportunist who sees Miss Julie as a way of ful illing his ambitions. Miss Julie (25), the spoiled and wilful daughter of a wealthy English country-estate. There are also two major characters that are never seen, who have had a huge in luence on Miss Julie, her parents. Julie grew up witnessing her parents constantly arguing and physically ighting each other. She has also been on the receiving end of her father s temper and that one excessive beating he gave her mother caused her death. Post war Britain Britain and most of Europe had just come through the horror and carnage of two World Wars, which challenged and questioned the relationship the working classes had with their so-called masters. The war in Europe inished in May Huge changes were about to take place. The aristocracy and its hold on power were challenged and threatened. People were hungry for more control over their own destinies. There was an energy in the air that would not be stopped. The people wanted and would get a National Health Service, free education, control over the railways, roads, mining and steel. Great times lay in store. This zest for life, energy and new hope is the backdrop to this story. The radio on and the dance music will be in full swing. Gossip: inverted snobbery The audience gets to hear a lot about Miss Julie before they see her because of the gossip between Christine and John in the irst scene. We learn that she is having her monthly menstruation (blood stains on her bed-sheets being washed by the servants), she s in the process of getting drunk and dancing wildly with the workers and that she chose to stay with them rather than join her father in London to celebrate the anticipated Labour election victory. > ANGLO FILES Februar

40 Tema: Ny litteratur Julie s inability to behave within the bounds of acceptable female behavior is illustrated by an act so extreme that it almost becomes absurd: We hear John describing Julie training her iancé by having him jump over her riding crop and striking him each time he fails and that Miss Julie has just been dumped by her iancé who could no longer tolerate her abusing him! Clearly, Julie desires power and control over men. Double standards Julie s inconsistency in matters of class is revealed again when she appears onstage for the irst time. When John points out that, by dancing with him more than once, she risks losing the respect of her servants, Julie replies, Don t take it as an order! On a night like this, we re all just ordinary people having fun, so we ll forget about rank As much as Julie tries to force a sense of social equality, Strindberg and Marber make it clear that she also expects him to obey her orders. Christine, the cook, acts as a counterpoint to Julie. She is a realist. Christine clearly accepts her place as a woman and a member of the lower class she is the cook for the house, waits on John and is looking forward to marrying him. When John asks Christine if she is angry at him for dancing with Julie when he had promised to dance with her, Christine tells him, I know my place. John responds, You re a sensible girl... and you ll make a good wife, a statement that plays up the contrast between Christine and Julie, who is not sensible and would probably never make a good wife. Shortly after Julie and John return from their dancing, Christine does the sensible thing; she goes to bed. In contrast, Julie stays up with John, telling him the story of a recurring dream, in which she is up in a tower and wants only to come down, clearly a reference to her discomfort with her position in society. As John tries to point out to Julie, she is a woman and the mistress of the house, and she tremendously endangers her reputation by drinking alone with him in the kitchen: Julie, however, will not accept the fact that she cannot simply act as she pleases. Christine refuses to be enticed to go to New York with the two lovebirds and prevents Miss Julie and John from running away together by taking the car keys and the money. Escape becomes impossible. As the reality of the situation begins to sink in, options for Miss Julie run out How have women s lives changed in the last century or so? Miss Julie was banned worldwide in 1888 because the main character wanted to have sex for pleasure. Modern women, says Madonna during her moving speech as Woman of The Year at the Billboards Awards, can be pretty, cute, sexy but not slutty. Don t have an opinion and don t share your sexual fantasies with the world. Modern women have more freedoms, more choice. They have access to contraception. They can choose to be single mothers if they want to. Totally inconceivable 70 years ago. A woman simply going out on her own would have been largely frowned upon. In many parts of the world this is still the case. Are women freer from men s authority now? Appearance is all Does social media exert too much pressure on modern women? Is there too much focus on appearance, in looking thin and it? Most female magazines present a lean and slinky look. Cosmetic surgery is commonplace and in the age of the twitter-sound-bite awesome or terrible serve to sum up life experiences. Can women have a career and motherhood? Can they have it all?? 40 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

41 Tema: Ny litteratur Photographer: Mikkel Sönnichsen After Miss Julie ANGLO FILES Februar

42 Tema: Ny litteratur The average age for irst time mothers in Denmark is now Themes: Gender roles. Mothers Miss Julie s confusion over her sexual identity ultimately leads to her ruin. In Strindberg s original 1888 version, men and women had speci ic roles in society; in the play s preface he described Julie as a man-hating half-woman. Julie s problems stem from her heritage as well as the way she was reared. Her mother did not bring Julie up according to accepted standards regarding women s roles; she also believed that men and women were equal. She refused to conform to traditional female roles. At irst, she would not marry Julie s father. She tells the Lord that she will be His lover, but never his wife, and so was literally mistress of his household. However, when she gets pregnant she is forced to marry him to prevent gossip from all quarters. The birth of Miss Julie was not planned indeed while talking to John, Miss Julie reveals; I was a mistake really. Maybe she heard this phrase from both parents as she grew up? Hardly surprising then that she s unbalanced. I listened to a BBC radio program on the ( In the programme a 70-year-old woman said that women should learn to accept their vulnerabilities to help them to be resilient. Having positive in luences in one s developing years is obviously a help, having parents for example that nurture your growth. Sisterhood exists where women help each other, but apparently female bosses are quite tough. What gives us a sense of freedom in our lives? Education? Travel? Miss Julie doesn t have any money of her own so she s as trapped, lonely and unhappy as her green inch in the cage. Feminists Julie s mother wanted to experiment. She forced the servants into unnatural occupations, with men assigned to traditionally female tasks while women did the work of men. In keeping with this philosophy, Julie was raised as a boy, expected to match or exceed the role of a male child. She was forced to wear boys clothes, engage in physical chores such as caring for horses, and even go hunting. Could Miss Julie ever have found the right man? Does Miss Julie really love John or is she in love with the idea of being in love? On this one night John and Miss Julie allow their fantasies to become reality. When you dream of something for so long and then inally get it, does it live up to expectations? Miss Julie pays a heavy price for her wayward night of passion. I won t give the game away here, but could AFTER MISS JULIE be described as a modern story? I ll let you be the judge of that. 42 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

43 Tema: Ny litteratur By Birgitte Holm Halkjær, English teacher at Birkerød Gymnasium and the author of educational material for That Theatre. The benefits of teaching drama in the classroom and coming in to Krudttønden As an English teacher at Birkerød Gymnasium, HF and IB, I can still, after 17 years of teaching, become amazed at how effective teaching drama in the classroom is to capture the attention of all students. Despite its obvious advantages many teachers are still wary of trying to introduce drama in the classroom, because the saying goes it is not on the curriculum, and we have so many other things that we need to teach our students in order for them to pass their inal exams. And indeed we have! But drama activities have surprising and unexpected results on several levels also when it comes to passing the inal oral and written English exams in 3.g. By teaching drama, you can transform the classroom into a quasi-real language situation, and can provide an endless amount of opportunities for students' language acquisition and personal growth. Not only can we teach writing, grammar and phonetics with drama but also it nurtures friendship and teamwork in the classroom and it has the power to engage students who are less motivated to learn. When the students are enjoying a written or oral activity, they are learning and letting their guard down. The shyness and fear of using English very often block learning in the classroom. When students are having fun, they let their second language guard down and become less inhibited. This is only some of the reasons why we shouldn t underestimate this powerful teaching tool to reach our students. William Shakespeare claimed that: All the world s a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages. As You Like It Act 2, scene 7, If so, then maybe we need to use drama more in the classroom. By using drama in the English classroom, we can use English with our students in intriguing and new ways. The language can be used in many different contexts and makes it come to life. > ANGLO FILES Februar

44 Tema: Ny litteratur Photographer: Mikkel Sönnichsen Drama also puts the teacher in the role of the coach in the language learning process, and the students can take more responsibility for their own daily learning. Ideally, the teacher will take a less dominant role in the language class and let the students and peers explore and evaluate the language activities on their own. Teaching drama in the classroom can also provide an opportunity to develop the imagination of the students. The students can go beyond the here and now, and even walk in the shoes of another person. In class, role-playing is a powerful teaching tool. It teaches cooperation, empathy for others, decision making skills and encourages an exchange of knowledge between the students. These aspects alone make teaching drama bene icial because the students are learning from each other. Teaching drama in the classroom is very dynamic, because it helps the visual learners After Miss Julie and it also recycles new vocabulary. Working with the script and afterwards going in to Krudttønden to experience That Theatre Company s production is a fantastic way to bring literature to life for the students. Moreover, drama has the potential to empower the students, and give them many opportunities to take pride in their work, and it teaches them responsibility and makes them re lect upon their own development. The many activities of oral and written team work that the educational material hopefully provides force students to develop organizational as well as educational skills. These are tools that can be used in all aspects of their future lives. Drama in its purest form gives the student several avenues to self-awareness. The bene- its of drama not only to develop the students meta-re lection, but also to develop their imagination should, therefore, not be undervalued. There is a need to cultivate this imaginative trait in our students. Imagination is closely linked to dreams. Drama has the capability to keep this alive. In order to accomplish anything worthwhile, we irst need to teach our students to imagine and dream it. Teaching drama in the classroom is also all about how we teach our students to present themselves, and this is a skill that can indeed be used in an oral English exam. If we teach our students how to communicate better, the more likely others will see him/her as he/she wishes to be seen. Therefore, the skills of drama not only help the student to learn English but also to become the person that he/she wants to be: Teaching drama in the class-room can all be boiled down to an old American proverb saying: Tell me, and I ll forget. Show me, and I may not remember. Involve me, and I ll understand. 44 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

45 Tema: Ny litteratur By Alison Powell Alison Powell is a writer and English education consultant. She has recently completed an MA in Creative Writing at Bath Spa university and is working on her debut novel. This article was first published by NATE in Teaching English Magazine Issue #4, 2016 Sit back and relax: a reading treat for you and your students Last summer I received a most intriguing offer: an invitation to take part in a Reading Spa. Now, reading and spas are two of my favourite things and I d love for them to go together, but I know from experience that books go soggy in the hot tub and you can t keep your focus on a novel, no matter how compelling the plot, when you re being pummeled during a hot stone massage. However, as English teacher and organizer of the spa Annabel Wall explained, this was a spa of quite a different sort. There were no saunas, steam rooms or masseuses and the only dip I d be taking would be into new books. It turns out that a Reading Spa takes the best aspects of a traditional spa the bits where > Photographer: Annabel Wall Reading spa ANGLO FILES Februar

46 Tema: Ny litteratur you re given some personal attention, a comfy place to relax and a bit of space to breathe and transports them to a bookshop, or a library. The recipient of a Reading Spa is invited to unwind in a cozy armchair or hammock, offered a selection of delicious snacks and drinks, then brought selections of handpicked books by their personal Reading Guide. The idea is to introduce you to books and authors you might not have met before, and then give you some uninterrupted time to relax with them. The initiative came about after Annabel Wall noticed that her sixth form literature students weren t reading far beyond their set texts. She teamed up with the school librarian, Jane Hillis, to ind out what was going on. The pair started out by interviewing sixth formers, asking questions about their reading habits past and present. They asked whether students had enjoyed reading when they were younger, which books they d loved most and what their current reading habits involved. They were met with a range of responses. Many students reported they enjoyed reading, but found the lure of social media an easy distraction. Others said they had too many other commitments at school and beyond to spend as much time reading as they used to. Some felt intimidated by the sixth form section of the library, assuming it was full of books that were too dif icult. Lots of them said they wanted to read more, but didn t know where to start. Wall and Hillis boiled the reading issue down to three main needs: students wanted dedicated reading time; they needed a space free from distractions; and they wanted someone to help them ind books they would enjoy. Wall knew exactly what to do. She enlisted a crew of willing helpers, including members of staff and friends of the school, and together they turned the (already quite lovely) library into a gorgeous reading retreat. Then she sent out invitations to all the sixth form English students encouraging them to make appointments for their individual, relaxing and ultimately enriching Reading Spa. How does a Reading Spa work? At Chew Valley School, the Reading Spa takes place in the library. The space is transformed with bookshelves shifted around to create private nooks, crannies and reading corners. Each of these is decked out with an armchair or a hammock and some have a side table and standard lamp (all courtesy of the teaching staff at large). Each student is given a 50 minute appointment, during which they are shown to a seat and then interviewed by their personal Reading Guide, a member of the English team or library staff. Prior to their spa, students complete a detailed survey of their reading habits and their interests beyond the world of books. This forms the basis of a discussion between the Reading Guide and student at the start of their Spa session. The Guide makes sure the student is comfortable, brings them a cup of tea or juice, plus a slice of cake, some biscuits or fruit and then goes off to collect ive or six books they think will suit the student s tastes. Then the student is left to relax. Their refreshments are replenished and they are given space to dip into the books that their guide has selected. After twenty minutes or so, the Reading Guide returns and takes away any books the student has rejected and replaces them with another selection. The power of the Reading Spa to wash away students fears around books seems to be instant. After their spa experience, space is provided for those who would like to stay and continue reading. Most of them do. 46 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

47 Tema: Ny litteratur Strongly Disagree Disagree Neither Disagree Nor Agree Agree Strongly Agree Total Weighted Average The Reading Spa has encouraged me to read more I would recommend the Reading Spa to my friends The atmosphere in the library made the session more enjoyable 0.00% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Where did the idea come from? The ideas is based on an experience offered by Mr B s Emporium of Reading Delights bookshop in Bath (mrbsemporium.com). Wall was treated to one of Mr B s Delightful Reading Spas for her birthday a few years ago. It was brilliant. The staff really knew their stuff and introduced me to writers I d never heard of. Mr B s Spa lasts around an hour and involves a chat with a member of the team, who will introduce you to loads of great new reads. Comfy chair, tea or coffee and cake are provided and, as well as a Mr B s doggy bag, you have 45 to spend on books at the end of the session. I think you can get into a rut with reading, says Wall. We return repeatedly to trusted authors and genres. I m an avid reader, and I thought if I can get stuck, what must it be like for students? The school Reading Spa opens up the world of books and highlights how time spent in the library can be relaxing and enjoyable. Now entering its fourth year, the Reading Spa at Chew Valley School takes place in the summer term. Wall says they ve tweaked and improved it every year. One thing we ve realized is that it makes a difference if the Reading Guide is someone who has worked with the young person in the past. Having that personal relationship helps them choose books the student is likely to enjoy. The reading surveys that students complete prior to their Spa are also key to the session going well. Reading Guides spend time reading through student s answers beforehand and use these to inform their recommendations (see below). Reading Survey / Year 12 Name: A-levels studied: What kinds of books do you like to read? Who are your favourite authors/writers? Give some brief details of your favourite book: Give a brief history of your reading habits. For example, did you read more when you were younger? What is important to you when choosing a book? Do you have any preference for irst or third person narrative? ANGLO FILES Februar

48 Tema: Ny litteratur Which genres have you tried in the past? What genres do you prefer? Are there any books you ve read more than once? Outside of school, how often do you read for pleasure? Where do you prefer to read? In general, how do you feel about reading? What are your main interests/hobbies/ passions outside of school? What are your plans after year 13? School librarian Jane Hillis plays a crucial role in setting up the event, not only in arranging the space, but also in compiling a list of suitable books for the Spa. We are aiming to introduce students to books that they will enjoy, but also ones that offer some stretch. These are A Level students and the books we suggest are ones we think will support their learning. However, there s no pressure on students to read any of the books they pick up in the Spa or to feedback to anyone about the books they ve enjoyed. We want to encourage the idea that reading can be a private activity. Books don t have to be dissected or shared. What do the students say? Feedback from students has been unanimously positive. Almost all of them described the session as relaxing. Basically you get fed cakes and books, said one student. It s pretty awesome. As well as enjoying the relaxed atmosphere and refreshments, students appreciate the personal guidance and recommendations. One student said it was really good to have a teacher help with choosing books suited to yourself as it can be dif icult to vary what you are used to reading, and another said it helped with planning her coursework. I found it allowed me to discuss new authors and books that I was previously unfamiliar with and this has proved invaluable to me in deciding what topic area to pursue for my year 13 coursework. In fact, the only negative response in the evaluation questionnaire was that the Spa sessions were too short: Needs more time Try and make the sessions longer. My only suggestion would be that if it were possible to make each individual session longer- an hour and ifteen or thirty minutes perhaps? I would loved to have stayed at the Reading Spa longer! The Reading Spa has proved so popular that students from other departments and members of staff have all started to ask for appointments. Conclusion When it comes to changing habits, the Reading Spa has been a huge success. Like all the best initiatives, this is one that is simple yet highly effective. It creates a safe and welcoming environment where students feel relaxed. The one-to-one attention from the Reading Guide and the details like the armchairs, hammocks and cake all go a long way to making this dedicated time with books a real treat. It introduces students to a wider range of literature than they might have discovered themselves. So if you ind your sixth formers aren t reading far beyond their set texts, take some time to ask why. It could be that, like the students at Chew Valley School, they simply need a bit of space to sit back and relax with some books. They might just need a Reading Spa. 48 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

49 Tema: Ny litteratur Af Benjamin Lunøe Benjamin Lunøe er adjunkt på Allerød Gymnasium, hvor han underviser i engelsk og filosofi samt på talentholdet English Masters. Han har tidligere arbejdet i Røde Kors og er desuden forfatter og oversætter. Tanker om talenthold På Allerød Gymnasium mødes udvalgte elever én gang om måneden for at diskutere litteratur. Det er ikke småting, de får læst: Hemingway, Wilde, Fitzgerald, McCarthy og Charlotte Brontë har alle været på tapetet gennem tiden. Men hvordan motiverer man sine elever til at læse, og hvordan forløber undervisningen egentlig på et hold, hvor ingen laver fejl i kongruens? Før jeg mødes med mit talenthold, får jeg altid sommerfugle i maven. Det sker, at kollegaer taler til mig, når jeg går ned gennem lærerværelset, og jeg ikke hører, hvad de siger. Det er også sket, at jeg har spildt kaffe ned ad mig selv. Jeg sørger altid for at booke oldtidskundskabslokalet, hvor der står kopier af græske statuer og hænger malerier på væggene. Selvom det er besværligt at få rullevognen med kaffe og the op til anden sal, føler jeg det som en hjælp at have Sokrates og Platon til at kigge mig over skulderen. I vintermånederne kan der blive temmelig koldt på vores skole, men når jeg underviser mit talenthold, må jeg nøjes med at sidde i T-shirt for ikke at komme til at svede. I starten prøvede jeg at klæde mig standsmæssigt i jakke og skjorte, men det resulterede altid i, at mine pande lignede Niagara-vandfaldet, inden jeg var færdig. Der er kun 15 af elever på holdet, og de er alle sødere og dygtigere end gennemsnittet, så der er egentlig ingen grund til at være nervøs. De har bumser ligesom alle andre teenagere og virker ofte usikre på, hvordan, de skal sætte deres hår. Desuden er jeg ret sikker på, at hvis jeg bare skrev knogle på tavlen og satte mig ned, kunne de sagtens få et modul til at gå med at analysere, hvorfor jeg havde gjort sådan. Hele samtalen ville endda forløbe på formfuldendt engelsk, og ofte med indfødt accent. Alligevel føler jeg ikke, det er nok, hvis jeg bare leverer en god eller en udmærket time. Eleverne giver af deres sparsomme fritid for at være med, og jeg vil gerne have, de føler, at det er noget særligt at komme på holdet. Jeg må nok også indrømme, at jeg bruger langt mere tid på at forberede mig til talentholdet, end jeg gør til noget andet modul. Teenagere læser ikke så meget som før i tiden. Men enhver gymnasielærer med respekt for sig selv ved, at når et hjerte først begynder at banke for litteraturen, så banker det livet igennem. For at stimulere læseglæden har vi på Allerød Gymnasium i de seneste fem år haft et talenthold centreret omkring engelsksproget litteratur. Eleverne og jeg mødes mindst én gang om måneden for at tale om et værk, vi har læst. Som regel læser vi en halv roman til hver gang ca. 150 sider. Der må godt være en vis aura omkring dét at gå på et talenthold, og én måde at skabe den på er, at give eleverne lidt ekstra. På mit gymnasium lader vi eleverne beholde de bøger, de har læst, vi serverer te, kaffe og kage og giver dem et diplom, før de går ud af gymnasiet. Af og til tager vi i teatret eller til et foredrag på ANGLO FILES Februar

50 Tema: Ny litteratur universitetet, hvis det er relevant for, hvad vi læser. Det er småting, der måske ikke koster noget særligt, men det giver eleverne en følelse af, at der bliver investeret noget i dem, hvilket er afgørende for deres motivation. At undervise talentfulde elever er en interessant udfordring som lærer. Holdet tager maximalt 15 elever fra 2 og 3g, der alle har mindst 10 i både mundtligt og skriftligt engelsk. Det betyder dog ikke, at alle nødvendigvis er erfarne læsere. De dygtigste på en årgang er typisk rigtige læseheste med interesse i litteratur, mens omkring halvdelen af holdet mere udøver deres engelskfærdigheder via computerspil eller ilm (hvilket vi i øvrigt også nogle gange analyserer). Selv for dygtige elever kan det godt være en kamp at komme gennem 150 sider engelsk på en måned. Derfor er det vigtigt at vælge virkelig gode bøger, og som med al anden undervisning behøver man ikke tage det allersværeste først. I år har vi indtil videre læst The End of the Affair, The Road og The Portrait of Dorian Gray. Jeg lader eleverne være med til, at vælge hvad vi læser, men insisterer dog på at begrænse valgmulighederne til bøger, jeg ved, der er noget at sige om. Hvis man skal formidle læseglæde er det helt nødvendigt selv at føle den også. Når forlag nu om dage skal sælge en ny bog, er det lige så tit forfatterens personlige livshistorie som bogens meritter, de bringer i fokus (Yahya Hassan er vist det mest ekstreme eksempel på dét fænomen). Langt de leste af historiens store forfattere har ført dramatiske og begivenhedsrige liv, og hvis man formidler dette på den rigtige måde, kan det hjælpe med at gøre eleverne interesserede i, hvad de har at sige. Jeg plejer at starte et typisk modul med at gribe fat i det mest interessante ved bogen eller forfatteren. En af fordelene ved rigtig gode bøger er, at der næsten altid er et eller andet, man brænder for at formidle eller diskutere. Som regel har jeg lavet et PowerPoint, der skitserer en struktur for diskussionen, men på den anden side er det også vigtigt, at læreren ikke fylder det hele: Der er dygtige, unge mennesker til stede, og når man er dygtig og ung, er den største fornøjelse ofte at høre sig selv. Som nævnt kan eleverne sagtens få en diskussion til at køre ganske længe på egen hånd, men det er samtidig vigtigt at holde en vis fremdrift i modulet, så diskussionen ikke bliver fastlåst og ender i frustration. Selvom det er krævende at køre et talenthold, er det også en af de mest tilfredsstillende opgaver, jeg har skullet løse i min tid som gymnasielærer. Eleverne er sjove og interessante og som regel er de tilmed interesserede i, hvad der foregår. Når der kun er 15 til stede, giver det også meget mere plads til, at den enkelte kan folde sig ud og udvikle sig som elev og person. Jeg håber, at det i det små kan være med til at sikre, at der også er en plads til litteraturen i unge menneskers hjerter i fremtiden. Så går jeg gerne svedende, døv og blind gennem lærerværelset nogle år endnu. 50 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

51 Tema: Ny litteratur By Maria Gram and Nadia Donnerborg Maria Gram and Nadia Donnerborg graduated from Aarhus University in 2016, after having earned an MA in English and a BA in Comparative Literature. They wrote a joint thesis on literary tourism, entitled Walking in Literary Mindscapes. Literary Tourism or the Comforting Idea that Stories Do Not Necessarily End at the End. The thesis focused specifically on Harry Potter tourism and The Lord of the Rings tourism. As part of their thesis they conducted a field study in London and Oxford to explore Harry Potter tourism at first hand. Literary Tourism What Do Harry Po tter Fans and Pilgrims Have in Common? Photographer: Nadia Donnerborg Platform 9¾ ANGLO FILES Februar

52 Tema: Ny litteratur More than you might think. Like pilgrims, Harry Potter fans travel to worship places that have been sacralised by a devoted fan community In the spring of 2016, we travelled to London to locate the magical world of Harry Potter. We went on a trip to Warner Bros. Studios to explore the overwhelming display of costumes and props from the ilm world of Harry Potter. We walked the streets and hidden alleyways of London to trace the path of J. K. Rowling s wondrous mind. We travelled to Oxford to climb the staircase of Christ Church in hope of deluding our minds into believing we were at Hogwarts. These experiences are all acts of literary tourism. They all represent a desire to conjure up the world of witches and wizards. Or, in other words, they represent a desire for ictional worlds to come alive. As such, literary tourism is de ined as travelling to places related to the world of iction. Whatever Your Literary Heart Desires The desire to the bring the world of iction and fantasy closer to our own is not new. Literary tourism, as a specialised form of tourism, was derived out of Romanticism s obsession with the genius. Poets and authors fell under this prestigious category, as they were thought to possess a special form of genius or aura that made them accessible to a higher, almost divine, knowledge. A speci ic form of literary tourism, namely author tourism, was born out of this obsession. Author tourism was characterised by travelling to places made meaningful because of their connection to an author or authorship. One would travel to Stratford-upon-Avon to visit Shakespeare s house or to the moors of Haworth to walk in the footsteps of the Brontë sisters. Author tourism is still with us today. Yet, literary tourism has become as diverse as any other tourism form. It has branched out to embrace a wide range of genre or theme speci ic tours. Thus, the literary tourist can embark on a Ulysses Tour in Dublin, a Dracula Tour in Romania, a Da Vinci Tour in Paris, a Millennium Tour in Stockholm, a Wallander Tour in Ystad, a Saga Tour in Iceland, or a Lord of the Rings Tour in New Zealand. The possibilities are endless. Literary tourism fathoms such different types of tourism as walking tours, theme park and ilm studio tours, self-guided or guided tours. Tours range from one-day tours to tours spanning several weeks. Evidently then, literary tourism can ful il whatever your literary heart desires. Expanding Fictional Universes As the list above testi ies, literary tourism has merged with the world of media. It has been engulfed in a never-ending stream of ilm and TV adaptations. It has become so common to adopt book series or popular novels into TV shows and ilms that it has become dif icult to establish where the literary work begins and the media franchise ends. Consequently, literary tourism has become closely linked with ilm and media tourism. The emergence of transmedia franchises has merged literary tourism with ilm and media tourism. Harry Potter tourism is a prominent example of this. The seven books established the popularity of the boy who lived and secured the adaptation into a million-dollar ilm franchise. Harry Potter tourism re lects this double-edged popularity of both books and ilms; it includes both walking tours centred around J. K. Rowling as an author, theme parks and ilm studio tours focusing on the production of the eight ilms. Every form of Harry Potter tourism, and any other type of literary tourism for that matter, represent a gateway into ictional texts. Literary tourism is thereby an expansion of ictional universes. It allows the literary tourist to walk in ictional landscapes. In that sense, literary tourism ushers in a new way of interacting with iction. 52 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

53 Tema: Ny litteratur When we walked along the cloisters of New College in Oxford, we almost felt as if we walked the halls of Hogwarts on our way to potions class. While we were clearly walking the real grounds of New College, we simultaneously saw our imagination unfold in front of us. We could almost imagine Draco Malfoy in the courtyard, getting turned into a ferret by Mad Eyed Moody. We found ourselves walking in two worlds at once, that of magic and this world. Herein lies some of the most essential traits of literary tourism. The Fellowship of Literary Pilgrims On our trip to London and Oxford we learned that literary tourists are gregarious animals who often travel in groups of two or more, just like ourselves. At the London Underground the literary tourist can be spotted among a herd of wand-carrying muggles casting alohomora spells at the ticket barrier. While some may wander alone, all literary tourists seek communities of like-minded people with whom they can share their love and fascination for a ictional universe. Lord of the Rings fans, for one, lock to New Zealand to become part of such a community. Here, they can embark on long hiking tours through the scenic landscapes that were used during the production of the ilm trilogy and recreate iconic ilm scenes. On these tours a sense of fellowship often arises among the tour participants. The tour companies often adopt themes from Tolkien s universe to create a spirit of community among the literary tourists. The tourists venture on a journey that can seem as life-altering and adventur- Photographer: Nadia Donnerborg New College ANGLO FILES Februar

54 Tema: Ny litteratur ous as the one Frodo and his fellow hobbits went on when they departed The Shire. Many literary tours are led by a guide who will share fun facts and insider knowledge about the ictional universe. This creates a forum where the literary tourists can share their thoughts on the ictional world, exchange fun facts and challenge each other on trivia knowledge. This establishes the feeling of community the feeling of sharing a common interest with others. The sense of community on literary tours is very much akin to the sense of community shared by pilgrims. The pilgrimage is by de inition a journey to a place that has become meaningful to a devoted group of people. This de inition equally applies to literary tourism. People venture on pilgrimages for personal reasons, in search of ways to get closer to their object of affection. The same goes for devoted fans who have often spent many hours immersing themselves in ictional worlds. Some of these devoted fans go on to become lite rary pilgrims. However, during our ield study we learned that there are many types of literary tourists. Some literary tourists are devoted fans, others have merely been dragged along by a relative and still others are simply tourists looking for a tourist attraction in the area. Yet, even those who are not fans still have the possibility to become immersed in iction. The fellowships created on literary tours make it possible for all participants to become carried away by iction and thereby become a literary pilgrim. The feeling of a shared experience and the strong sense of community on literary tours create an immersive quality. This quality, together with a personal attachment to an object of fandom, gives the literary journey the potential to become a life-altering experience, just like the pilgrimage. Sacred Places of Literary Tourism The places of literary tourism become sacred to the most passionate of literary tourists. Just as it is important for Christian pilgrims to stand at the exact spot in Jerusalem where Jesus was cruci ied, it is important for literary tourists to walk up the same staircase as Harry and Hermione or to visit Platform 9 ¾ at King s Cross St. And again, just as it is important for Christian pilgrims to actually touch the place where Jesus was cruci ied, it is important for literary tourists to touch the same bannister as Harry and Hermione at Christ Church. This materialisation of iction is part of the immersive experience of a literary tour. Christ Church The places of literary tourism, like the courtyard at New College or Platform 9 ¾, are worshipped by literary tourists because of their status as meaningful places of iction. The status as sacred and meaningful places is upheld, not only by the tourists who go there, but by the tour companies, popular culture, and the Photographer: Nadia Donnerborg 54 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

55 Tema: Ny litteratur media. The places of literary tourism are thus culturally constructed as sacred through popular culture and the media. sets are life-sized, so that visitors can feel as if they have truly stepped into the ilm world of Harry Potter. Images of Popular Culture Without popular culture the literary tourism of today would simply not exist. Mass media have allowed fans and other users on the Internet to quickly spread content across the globe on social media sites, fan sites and so on. This means that there are now endless points of entry into ictional worlds. Through these multiple points of entry, we are bombarded with a never-ending low of images. These images will inevitably affect the way we perceive the world around us and the ictional worlds we dream ourselves away to. These images affect the mental images we create in our minds, sometimes even to the point where we cannot distance them from our own. They seamlessly become part of our imagination and we unknowingly accept them as our own. Photographer: Nadia Donnerborg Literary tourism strongly bene its from these constructed imaginations. They harvest images from popular culture and bring them to life in tourist attractions that are visually created to match images from the media, and thus the images of our minds. But does the endless low of images, harnessed by the tourism industry, rob us of our imagination? The Power of the Imagination Harry Potter tourism is very much bound to the ilm franchise. There is an abundance of Harry Potter attractions that are, to a greater or lesser extent, a direct extension of the ilms. This is evident in attractions like Warner Bros. Studio Tour and in the theme parks, The Wizarding World of Harry Potter. At Warner Bros. Studio, the surroundings perfectly match the most memorable settings of the ilms, like Diagon Alley and Platform 9 ¾. All Diagon Alley at WB Warner Bros. Studio Tour and The Wizarding World of Harry Potter tap into the ixed images of the media by so meticulously copying the ilm images. Nothing is left to the imagination. These attractions want you to submerge into the ilms fantasy, rather than your own. In this way, we are, in a sense, robbed of our imagination. The Lord of the Rings tourism is also very much bound to the ilm franchise. Yet, the tourist attractions in New Zealand often tell a more cohesive story of the entire Tolkien universe. Even though tourists explore ilm locations, the tours also explore themes from the overall narrative. The tours are arranged to match the themes of friendship, fellowship and adventure, as participants travel with other fans, re-enact battle scenes ANGLO FILES Februar

56 Tema: Ny litteratur Photographer: Nadia Donnerborg Hogwarts Express at WB from the ilms and get to explore vast parts of New Zealand s landscape. While the tours are mostly based on ilm images, they still encourage tourists to use their own imagination by asking participants to actively engage with the ictional universe. And of course, it is also necessary to activate your imagination when you travel through an ever-changing landscape, as opposed to a ilm studio where the settings are more controllable and ixed in time and space. The tourism industry does to some extent rob us of our imagination since it is so entangled with the mediatised image industry. But this does not necessarily kill the potential of our own imagination. While we are indeed presented with an over low of images through the media, we still have the power to make these images our own. Literary tourism presents us with this power, as it is an expansion of ictional worlds. If we can match the images of our minds with the landscape in front of us, literary tourism gives us the opportunity to see two worlds at once. We can stand in the exact spot where iction took place, while still feeling the London sidewalk beneath our feet. We can touch the same grounds and trace the same paths as our most beloved ictional characters. We can immerse ourselves in iction in the fellowship of others. This is indeed a new way of interacting with literature. Becoming the Literary Pilgrim On the literary journey, we explore the creative workings of our imagination in a far 56 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

57 Tema: Ny litteratur more elaborate way than in any other tourism form. Here, we are forced to somehow cast away the world of sense and science and instead open our minds to the possibility of other worlds more magical. Thereby, the literary journey has the potential to become a pilgrimage and life-altering experience; it brings us closer to a state of being that is more fanciful and detached from the constraints of everyday life. Some experts might even tell you that experiences such as these can bring you closer to your true self, whoever that may be. So, what do Harry Potter fans and pilgrims real ly have in common? Quite a lot, as we have hopefully established. Both are genetically inclined to heedlessly seek out their objects of passion, wherever it may take them be that a snowy mountain top or an overcrowded train station. Thus, they are fearless beings willing to trace the rabbit down the rabbit hole in the hope of overstepping the threshold between the mundane and the fanciful. We too sought out the object of our passion. We did not exactly stumble upon our true selves in London nor Oxford. Nor did our lives change in any existential way. Yet, we became literary pilgrims when we walked through Diagon Alley and found ourselves forgetting the hustle and bustle of London s busy streets. And we discovered that for many, including ourselves, the literary journey is a deeply personal and meaningful experience. Photograph: Nadia Donnerborg Maria Gram and Nadia Donnerborg at New College ANGLO FILES Februar

58 Tema: Ny litteratur Af Gitte S. Nielsen, tidligere lektor i dansk og engelsk ved VUC Lyngby og en af redaktørerne af Anglo Files At læse er at leve... eller omvendt Hvorfor skal jeg lære at læse? Ordene kommer fra en køn dreng med et lot hår ( Der er damer i det hår, siger storebroderen, der er med) hos frisøren i december måned. Jeg sidder og får helt ondt. Dels fordi drengen åbenbart (endnu) ikke kan læse, dels fordi han ikke har og måske ikke får adgang til bøgernes verden, som altid har betydet umådeligt meget for mig. Ja jeg ved godt, at der indes lydbøger, men det er ikke det samme. En papirbog, der ligger godt i hånden, er for mig noget særligt. Da han ikke får noget svar, gentager han spørgsmålet og forsøger også selv at svare ved at ilosofere lidt over, at han ikke kan se, det er nødvendigt, og at det er for svært. Men hvorfor skal man læse? Det er der mange svar på. Selv læser jeg af mange forskellige grunde. For at blive underholdt. For at blive klogere. For at lære om livet og relationer. Og for at kunne dykke ned i en helt egen verden, hvor jeg kan glemme tid og sted. Jeg var på juleferie i Sorrento med en ud lugt til Napoli. Napoli, som jeg synes, jeg kender ret godt fra Elena Ferrantes ire bøger, der tager udgangspunkt i Napoli lige efter anden verdenskrig og følger en række personer fra børn, og til de selv er forældre. Bøgerne lå på bestsellerlisten i Storbritannien for et par år siden, og da den første lige var blevet oversat til dansk, lånte jeg den og blev som så mange andre grebet af den og læste efterfølgende de øvrige tre, efterhånden som de blev oversat. Serien mindede mig om Elsa Morantes Historien, som jeg og mange andre læste i slutningen af 80 erne, og som tager udgangspunkt under krigen. Det giver mig måske et lidt skævt indtryk af Italien, men... Ledelsesfilosofi En af mine gode venner sagde engang, at hans ledelses iloso i havde han fra Hulebjørnens klan, hvor den gode leder inddrager andre i beslutninger. Og ja, jeg tror, at man lærer meget om ledelse fra skønlitteraturen. Jeg har læst mange ledelsesbøger (var redaktør af et fagblad, hvor dette emne var et kerneområde), men husker ikke rigtig nogen af dem, og ingen af dem har virket som en bibel for mig, hvorimod jeg blev inspireret af Kaninbjerget (af Richard Adams fra 1972), hvor den ene hovedperson hovedkanin? Hazel har lederevner, men mangler en række andre egenskaber, som hans yngre bror Fiver har. Sammen kan de noget, lederen alene ikke kan. En første lektion i ledelse for mig. Relationer indes overalt både i privatsfæren og på arbejdspladserne. Den opmærksomme læser har allerede kendskab til en lang række forskellige relationer, hvad der kan gå galt, hvordan man kan forbedre sine relationer, og hvilke man næppe kan ændre ved. Det giver en solid ballast i hverdagslivet. Kvinder er fra Venus, mænd er fra Mars var titlen på en bog, der kom på bestsellerlister- 58 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

59 Tema: Ny litteratur ne. Og hovedpointen husker de leste, men jeg vil tro, mange har lært mere om det andet køn og sit eget gennem skønlitteraturen. Vi undres og bliver klogere. Håndtering af dilemmaer Skønlitteratur lærer læseren om f.eks. etiske dilemmaer og håndtering af uvished. Man møder alle mulige problemstillinger og ser nogle løst elegant, andre tumpet, og andre igen bliver slet ikke løst med somme tider katastrofale følger. I er sikkert mange, der har inddraget litterære igurer, arketyper og problemstillinger i jeres undervisning med stort held og måske også anbefalet romaner og andet til elever/kursister, I har fornemmet var interesseret. A Little Life Den bedste bog, jeg læste i 2016, er vist A Little Life af Hanya Yanagihare, som er en amerikansk kvindelig forfatter med hawaiianske rødder. Den starter ud som en college-roman med ire mandlige studerendes venskab, men lidt efter lidt bliver Jude hovedpersonen, og hans personlige meget komplicerede og brutale historie bliver hovedhistorien, som kun langsomt afsløres for læserne. Han er en højtbegavet person, der skærer i sig selv. Som underviser har jeg vidst, at en del af mine elever gjorde skade på sig selv, og at det at skære i sig selv er forholdsvis almindeligt, men jeg har aldrig rigtigt kunnet forstå hvorfor. Det begriber man faktisk her. Selv om romanen er mørk og jævnligt modbydelig, er den også den bedste beskrivelse af venskaber og et udvidet kærlighedsbegreb, jeg længe har læst. Romanen er på 720 sider, og den holdt mig fast. Jeg er løbet tør for reolplads og har besluttet kun at købe bøger, jeg ikke kan undvære og jeg lånte den da også først på biblioteket, men har efterfølgende købt den. Inspiration Man kan også blive inspireret af andre læsere. I juleferien læste jeg Torben Brostrøms essayistiske Litterære bekendelser med undertitlen Sene erindringer, som gav mig lyst til at følge i hans fodspor og læse og genlæse en hel del titler. Samtidig ik man et delvist portræt af Torben Brostrøm selv. Nogle forfattere følger jeg, f.eks. Ian McEwan, Doris Lessing (i mange år) og John le Carré, tre meget forskellige forfattere, andre inder jeg frem til via anmeldelser (hvor jeg skriver titlerne ned, venter nogle uger og dernæst bestiller dem på biblioteket). Og så læser jeg naturligvis klassikere. Jeg læser også andet end skønlitteratur. Senest Johan de Mylius: Livet og skriften om H.C. Andersen, der igen ik mig til at beslutte at (gen)læse et par af Andersens romaner og atter læse eventyrene, som jeg har stående på min reol. Det er desuden H.C. Andersen, der har inspireret mig til overskriften til mit essay, selv om det selvfølgelig er en forvanskning. I øvrigt kan man jo rejse langt i bøgernes verden hjemme fra lænestolen. Litteratur og rejser Når jeg forbereder mig til en rejse, låner jeg en-to rejseguides, men jeg googler også landets eller byens navn på bibliotekets hjemmeside. Det ik mig til at læse to interessante romaner Death and the Penguin af Andrey Kurkov og En kort gennemgang af traktorens historie af Marina Lewicka inden en tur til Ukraine. Skønlitteratur giver et andet billede af et land. Det kan selvfølgelig være med en noget særpræget vinkel som Death and the Penguin men det afspejler nu jævnligt noget både om landet/byen og folket. Og så får man oftest også bare en god historie oveni. Da jeg for halvåndet siden var på et lodkrydstogt på russiske loder, føltes det helt rigtigt at sidde på dækket og læse Dostojevskij her Idioten, som var en af de få romaner, jeg ikke havde læst. Forbrydelse og straf har jeg i mange år udnævnt til verdens bedste bog, når nogen har spurgt mig. ANGLO FILES Februar

60 Tema: Ny litteratur Min nu afdøde mor sagde engang til mig: Hvor er det fantastisk, at du altid kan anbefale bøger, jeg virkelig synes om. Det var nu ikke så svært. Jeg vidste, hvad der interesserede hende, hvad type forfatter, hun kunne lide og så var det faktisk bare at vælge fra bagkataloget, selv om vi ikke altid havde samme smag. Og det samme kan jeg faktisk gøre for andre, jeg kender rigtig godt. Som ganske ung tilbragte jeg timer på det gamle kloster i Odense, hvor hovedbiblioteket havde til huse. Det var et fantastisk sted med brede vindueskarme, hvor man kunne sidde og læse, og træ næsten overalt, masser af reoler fyldt med bøger. Jeg tog altid overtøjet af og så ud, som om jeg kunne have arbejdet på biblioteket og blev ofte spurgt om anbefalinger. Unge bogopsættere måtte ikke svare på spørgsmål, men skulle henvise til bibliotekaren, hvor imod jeg glad og gerne spurgte ind til, hvad vedkommende syntes om og kom med anbefalinger. En bogelsker genkender hurtigt en anden bogelsker. Jeg har i en kort periode af mit liv arbejdet i et antikvariat 1-2 dage om ugen, hvor jeg lavede nyhedsbreve, når der var god tid med anbefalinger af bøger, vi havde i antikvariatet. Indehaveren en ven var ret irriteret over, at jeg ofte solgte for lere penge end ham, og at han af og til blev spurgt om, hvornår hun, der vidste så meget om bøger, var der næste gang. I en anden periode af mit liv arbejdede jeg i en boghandel i London på Leicester Square. Her solgte kunderne ofte mig bøger, når vi kom til at tale om litteratur. Så meget, at min chef de leste uger bekymret spurgte, om jeg nu havde nok penge til mad jeg ik 20% rabat, og bøger var dengang næsten en form for narkotikum for mig. Flere bøger i gang Jeg har altid et par bøger i gang. Som regel en tungere, som jeg kun kan dykke ned i, når jeg ved, at der er tid nok som f.eks. Proust en lettere og ofte også en fagbog. Men jeg læser også glad og gerne kogebøger. De kan være fremragende på natbordet, for man kan læse et par opskrifter og lægge bogen fra sig det kan være svært med f.eks. en krimi, hvor jeg måske lige skal se, hvad der nu sker. Det begyndte jeg med, da jeg opdagede Elisabeth David, som ikke blot bragte opskrifter, men også kommenterede på lidt af hvert. Hun arbejdede også som journalist med sin egen klumme, og det afspejler sig i hendes bøger, som stadig er friske og inspirerende, synes jeg. Derfor skal man læse Hvorfor skal man lære at læse, spurgte knægten hos frisøren. Det skal du, fordi du vil gå glip af meget, hvis du ikke kan læse, du vil blive udelukket fra en række fællesskaber, du vil måske have sværere ved at forstå en kommende partner (som det lotte hår i første omgang vil tiltrække), ligesom dit arbejdsliv vil blive besværligt. Især hvis du ikke tør fortælle, at du ikke kan læse eller kun kan læse med stort besvær. Jeg håber for drengen, at nogen tager hånd om ham og hans læsning. Måske er han ordblind, måske er der noget andet, der kan arbejdes med. Jeg mødte guldsmeden Torben Hardenberg for mange år siden. Han var ordblind og elskede historier, som han var så heldig, at nogen læste for ham, har han fortalt i radio eller tv. En hel del af hans meget smukke og fortællende smykker bærer præg af historier, myter og fortællinger. Jeg ik et meget smukt halssmykke lavet af Hardenberg i bryllupsgave, som mindede mig om Agamemnons guldmaske og dermed Iliaden, der var englevinger og enhjørningens horn og smykket fortalte mig historier i billeder. 60 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

61 Fiction FICTION By Miles Hilton Chambers Miles is one of Bristol s cultural commentators and an international performance poet. A video performance of his poem I Wanna Be Treated Normal is included in the slavery section at the Mshed, Bristol, and you may also find it on YouTube. I Wanna Be Treated Normal I wanna be treated normal whatever normal means Have an ordinary life and an ok time When friends say how s work, the family And the house, I wanna say just fine I don t wanna keep beating you up about our history I want everything to be safe and cool man, I d love to see genuine unity. There are many injustices which have been Done in the present and the past All this anger and resentment cannot last I m tired of you thinking I ve Got an attitude, chip on my shoulder, I m tired of talking to you like I m rude I don t wanna keep shouting At you and speaking to you With no manners like I m crude I d like to chill out with you, have a laugh, Eat all kinds of funny grub, I d like to go clubbing, bust some moves Share a drink in a pub ANGLO FILES Februar

62 Fiction I said I just wanna be normal whatever normal means I don t wanna keep seeing things in black and white I wanna relax not worry about getting Stopped by the police late at night I don t wanna walk past an elderly lady And watch her hold tight to her purse I don t wanna walk into a job interview Have them look at me as if I ve been cursed I don t wanna read their thoughts when They think he s just like the ones on TV Is he gonna sell me a ten bag Or get really violent with me I wanna love a Woman; maybe we d have sex Maybe we d be celibate like monks in a monastery Maybe we d go at it like rabbits Or maybe just a kiss once a day at half past three Maybe she d be black or maybe she d be white Maybe she d be slack or maybe she d Be a strict Christian and pray every night I don t wanna be taken to her house Meet her Dad and hear him shout I don t want that sort in here now get that black bastard out I ll have my kids go to some posh school In Clifton and take 12 GCSE s I want them to pass with flying colours And have their pick of the best universities Not get in cause they re black; white, Bluey or pink and they ve used that to get through 62 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

63 Fiction But be given an entry Cause of what they can do I wanna grow old next to an old English log fire with a pipe & slippers from Marks & Spencers and a white fluffy cat I d like to listen to Beethoven and Bob Marley and And R&B and Gospel music and have the Lion of Judah embroidered on my living room mat I don t wanna debate on Proportional Representation, Positive Action and all that old hat I don t wanna define my identity by ticking some box Like some misguided pratt I m tired of being a number, a statistic of Belonging to this and that ethnic group I wanna be recognised as normal, play football on Sundays Eat boiled down chicken and oxtail soup I d like vending machines, which sell Rubicon Mango Juice and Jamaican fruit Punch I d love Sainbury s to have Jerk chicken sandwiches Curry Goat flavour Pot Noodle for my lunch I d like to know that all my Bredren, Spa s, my Idrin, my Bonafide, My mates, my friends if they wished could get a degree And get high-powered jobs in the financial centre of London City Or become decision making executives on network TV Am I being realistic or is it not that kind of place Do we have to make a big deal of appearances and our race? Is the colour of my skin the first thing you ll always see? Tell me... What was it that you noticed when you first looked at me? ANGLO FILES Februar

64 Fiction By William Thirsk-Gaskill William Thirsk-Gaskill is a writer of short fiction and poetry. He identifies with the north of England, and mainly the urban centres of Leeds and Wakefield. How to be an alcoholic The most important thing is to start gradually. Alcohol is wasted on the young. Get a decent education. Go to a respected university. Don t start until at least after you have taken your finals. Do not, on any account, mix it with other drugs. In spite of the claims made by nicotine, heroin, cocaine, or cannabis, alcohol is the only drug you will ever need. It is legal, affordable, socially acceptable (mostly), and, if you want it to be, addictive. Let us not get into an argument about whether absinthe counts as alcohol, or as something else. All we will say is that absinthe would not be nearly as fashionable at the moment if it weren t 55 per cent alcohol by volume. As with most things, the secret is in preparation and dedication. You will need a reason to drink. Work is the most obvious one. Get a job. Any job. But preferably one in which your co-workers drink. Become a social drinker. That is, a drinker who drinks in the same room as, and at the same time as, other people. During your twenties, you will probably find that your consumption is curtailed as much by financial constraints as by your own capacity. You will also find that you spend a certain amount of time throwing up into toilets, or gutters, or sinks. This is a terrible waste, but don t worry about it, because you will get over it, later. It s just a phase. At about thirty, you will need another reason to drink. The most obvious is a bad relationship. It doesn t matter whether you are gay or straight: find a partner who is either deliberately or inadvertently trying to destroy you, and vow to stick with him or her, whatever happens. If you have been careful, it is not until this point that you will be accused of having a drink problem. There are various ways of mitigating this. For a year or two, you should be able to manage only drinking a few days per week, or only drinking relatively low-alcohol drinks, such as beer. Once you have exhausted these techniques, you are ready to move onto the next stage, which is concealing alcohol. This is a graduation in your development, and probably the biggest since you started drinking. The only limits to concealing alcohol are the dimensions of your house and the fertility of your imagination. It is tempting at first only to try to conceal spirits, because they are more concentrated, but that is missing the point. 64 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

65 Fiction That bottle of Ribena at the back of the cupboard that nobody has touched for three years could be emptied and re-filled with port. That over-filled spice-cupboard could be augmented with a couple of bottles of Chinese cooking wine (13 per cent ABV) which are unlikely to be noticed and, even if they are, might legitimately be there as cooking wine. It helps if you altruistically promote the habit of going to the supermarket by yourself, and also if you keep the old, gunge-coated bottles, and refill them from the new ones. If you have got this far, you will already have established yourself as the partner who does all the cooking. The kitchen is your domain, in more than one way. The kitchen is not only the place where much of your consumption takes place, but also where you carry out many of your concealment activities. For example, a partner who never cooks is unlikely ever even after an incident to be interested in oven gloves. An oven glove will easily accommodate a quarter bottle of vodka, and makes a much safer point of concealment than a shelf in a study or bedroom, or at the back of a clothes drawer. Have no compunction about cleaning up your own vomit, or admitting to the therapist what you have drunk, when, and why. Once the relationship which turned you into a serious drinker is over, you are ready for the next step. You need to learn to drink just for the sake of drinking. How you do this is up to you. It is likely during this period that you may decide more than once that you want to stop drinking. Stay with it. CASE STUDY I moved into a house with Caroline and Jacob and the kitchen was too small and the bathroom had no shower and so we built an extension. The builders demolished the garage and built out across the drive and we got an extra bedroom and a bigger bathroom with a walk-in shower and a bidet and downstairs a utility room for the washing machine and vented tumble-drier and I was wondering where we were going to put the litter tray for Caroline s cats when she told me she and Jacob were moving out. I sit on the new sofa in the extension. This area is too cold. This area doesn t have enough radiators. This area doesn t have enough plug-sockets. What do you want plug-sockets here for they said. I said mobile phone chargers, lap-tops, Kindle chargers, battery-chargers, and anything else that somebody might invent. I didn t bother to say portable electric heaters. They said no. I was angry because I have built an extension before and it didn t have enough plug-sockets. I know about plug-sockets and radiators. There aren t enough in this extension. It is time for me to put my walking-boots on and walk to the filling-station. I could get to the filling-station much quicker if I drove there in my car, but that would not be a good idea. It only takes about nine minutes to walk to the filling-station. Of course, it takes about nine minutes to walk back again from the filling-station, but it only takes about nine minutes to get there. There are two ways to get out of my house. I usually go out of the front door, but this time I decide to go out of the patio door at the back. I unlock the patio door. I turn the patio lights on. I open the door. I step through the door. I come back in again and turn the patio lights off. I leave the door ajar, because I can. ANGLO FILES Februar

66 Fiction I walk to the filling-station. I select a bottle of Argentinian Carmenère. I would prefer the Malbec, but the Carmenère is two pounds cheaper. I select a bottle of Sauvignon Blanc which is slightly above my usual price range. I select two bottles of Indian lager which are on special offer. There is no queue. As I place my basket down, I ask for a half-bottle of Smirnoff. I pay with my debit card. This is about the eleventh time I have gone out with the patio door open. The first, second and third times, nothing happened. The fourth, fifth, and sixth times, I found a cat on my kitchen counter, looking for food. It was a ginger cat which sprayed piss. I had to clean the kitchen with bleach. The seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth times, nothing happened. There might have been another time. Having let myself out through the patio doors at the back, so that I could drop some bottles into the recycling bin, I return through the front. I don t remember having left the lights on. Hello, John, some-one says. Hello, Scott, some-one else says. That is me. What are you doing here? says Scott. I live here. What are you doing here? I was hoping I might be able to stay here for a while. That question is typical of Scott. I hate Scott. He leaves toast crumbs in the margarine. He takes hours and hours in the bathroom, and he leaves damp towels everywhere. He insists on having the television on all day, whether he is watching it, or not. He uses food, soap, shampoo, shaving foam, deodorant, detergent, and every consumable you can think of, except salt. He brings his own salt, which he broadcasts widely over the sofa and the carpet, every time he sprinkles it. I think it is the salt that does it. Somehow, I get him to move out. I can t remember how I do it, or how long it takes. All I can remember is that the neighbours complain. I am drinking white wine from the off licence, for the fourth night in a row. Tomorrow starts in one hour and fifteen minutes, and is Tuesday, a work day, but this is only week 1 and so I don t have to do much other than sign in. I have fleas. I have had fleas since the last of Caroline s cats moved out. I sit on the upstairs toilet and watch the fleas jump onto my legs. I spray a bit of eau de toilette onto the bidet, which is next to the toilet, and then I pinch the flea between my thumb and fore-finger. If you press a flea onto a surface covered in eau de toilette, it can t jump away. I think it must be the alcohol. It goes into a stupor, and then dies. I m killing them at an average of about six or seven a day. I think the record for one day is twelve. It is either twelve or twenty-two. I go to bed. 66 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

67 Fiction I wake up. I don t bother to set an alarm. If I did, I would probably sleep through it. Eventually, I get up. I sit on the sofa in the kitchen-dining area downstairs, either in my dressing gown, or with my trousers rolled up, and I watch fleas jump onto my legs. Because the eau de toilette is upstairs, I destroy them with my fingernails. You pinch it at first and get it between your thumb and fore-finger. Then you get it under your thumbnail. And then you bring up a fingernail, so that it gets caught between the hammer and the anvil. You can see the legs fanning out as you flatten it. It is easy to tell the difference between a live flea and one that has been destroyed. They are piling up on the floor. I wonder what eats dead fleas. Some kind of spider, possibly. I am not afraid of spiders. I have stopped cutting my fingernails. I have two pairs of nail scissors, and I know exactly where both of them are. I still cut my toenails, sometimes. Toenails are no use for killing fleas. The problem is while I am asleep. I tend to pass out, which means that the fleas get to drink warm Bloody Mary all night, on tap from me. When I wake up, I inspect my lower legs. What I am looking for is pale pink spots. That means recent flea bites. I released poison gas in my bedroom a few weeks ago, but it doesn t seem to have cured the problem. I check my phone and my s to make sure nothing has exploded at work, and then I run the bath. At least I have a tiled bathroom with a walk-in shower, a bath that is big enough for two, basin, toilet, bidet and towel-dryer. I can t afford to pay for it, but it is still mine, for now. I have given up on Molton Brown bath bubbles, because I can t afford eighteen quid for a bottle. I buy Radox from the Co-op. It isn t as good, but I put up with it. I wash my lower legs, especially the areas that have started to bleed or suppurate because I have scratched them. I don t want to go septic. That would not do at all. I make sure to put plenty of soap suds on those areas. The warm water makes the new bites itch unbearably, and so I scratch both legs alternately for a long time, from my heels to my knees. While I am in the bath, it doesn t matter if some of the bites start to bleed. There is cricket on the radio: a test match. I kick myself for having slept in beyond 11 o clock. I look for my spectacles. If they are on the chest of drawers next to the bed, or the window ledge in the bathroom, that probably means that I knew what I was doing when I went to bed the previous night. If they are under a sofa or in the fridge, it probably means I did not. I put the kettle on. I take 40 milligrams of fluoxetine, sometimes with water and sometimes with the remains of a glass of wine. Sometimes I have remembered to put the wine glass in the fridge before I go to bed. Sometimes I haven t. I make tea. I make two cups, including one in Caroline s old lady s cup, as if she were still here. I add sugar if I have a hangover. I drink the tea. I log on again and I find that something has happened at work. I start to deal with it. I m actually working. I know what I m doing and I m good at it. It is too complicated to explain what I do. I have put LED bulbs in the bathroom. It is cheaper, because I never turn that light off. At least there is one light that never goes out. I ve had a letter from work and another which looks like it is from the police. I don t know when I am going to open them. The police one might be something to do with the car. When all the work stuff is over, I still have some white wine and some lager left, and two of my friends are on line. ANGLO FILES Februar

68 Fiction By Jonathan Matthew Schwartz, Jonathan Matthew Schwartz is a retired lecturer of anthropology at the University of Copenhagen, a writer, editor and poet. One flew over the rye A twelve-day journal Day 1 I ll try to tell you why. Imagine that I am telling you this from brown leather chairs in the sitting room. We are sitting in the room where there is a ireplace built of bricks, but we can t light ires in it, because it is against the rules. The rules of the hospital, that is. There is no poker or small iron shovel to clean out the ashes. I wanted to be called Cinderella here. No way, I heard several times when I asked different people on the staff. No ires, therefore no ashes. So, my history story is no mystery story. I ve told you where we are sitting and what we cannot do here: light ires in the hearth, home s most holy place through the ages. In French, home is the hearth, foyer. Cook and keep warm. Burn charcoal so it glows. Charcoal comes from dead limbs of olive trees that are burned and buried and smothered. You can fry eggs in olive oil maybe from the same trees dead limbs. The smells of burning charcoal and frying eggs in olive oil sing a duet in the same key. The sounds of crackling ire and sizzling frying pan accompany the duet. There is no mystery at all. The hospital ward is an open house in some ways, not many though. How can a story be told without seams? Day 2 Today is my meeting with the two doctors. With needle and thread, they will try to stitch my story together. One is a young woman, the other an aging man. I tend to speak to the woman s face if I do look at another s face. In the three weeks I ve been here, the two doctors have heard the same stories over and over again. My standard story goes: I have crossed the mountain stream from the melancholy side to the depression side. That s when I slipped and fell. My knapsack kept me wedged between two slippery rocks. I looked up into the sky as the icy water gushed over me. I wanted to return to the melancholy bank, but the only way to get out of the stream was to pull myself over to the depression bank. That s where I am. High and dry in the hospital. It s not a bad story. It comes from a hike in Norway, now that I think of it. The smell of burning charcoal from olive tree limbs comes from Tunisia. So the stories have been given stiches now. Their places are named, they are events, pin- points on a map. I have left out when they happened. Quite a while ago. Day 3 The meeting with the two doctors is becoming routine. They both insist that I repeat too 68 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

69 Fiction much; I don t break new ground. I get defensive. The young female doctor, Ann, draws her arms close to her body, forearms tighten on her rib cage when I show the slightest anger. William, the older doctor, makes no moves with his body. His pot belly and half bald head remain stable, his legs partly spread. Staged relaxation, I think. I tell again how the shift from melancholy to depression is what brought me to them. I slipped and fell in the icy stream. I had to crawl and slide like a crab onto the bank of depression. When I dry off, I can try to get back to my normal melancholy, the condition I am used to and, in fact, feel at home with. Ann and William nod knowingly when they listen. Do they need more evidence? So I tell them again about my inal struggle at the university institute and how that got to be too much for the professors. I was working on my bachelor s essay, and I didn t follow the rules for its form and structure. That was the lead sentence at the institute and in the hospital. I wanted my topic to be: The anatomy of the anecdote: towards a theory of narrative. That s a topic for a dissertation maybe, said my adviser. I defended my topic many times to friends: Theory and Theater are related. They both start with the. In ancient Greece, moreover, Theory was a person who attended a drama and observed both the play and the public. Took a part and stood apart. My adviser warned me against the project, claiming that it was too impressionistic, vague, and ambitious. He dropped me from his list of students. No other teachers took me under their wing, not even a young woman Ph.D student who at irst seemed interested. The older colleagues warned her against me. That s when I fell into the icy stream. Day 4 After I exploded in rage at a students meeting, everyone I knew recommended that I get help from a psychologist. That irst appointment ended with an outburst of rage. If only Theory had been present at the scene, I might have gained the respect of a hero. The next step was coming to the hospital--with my consent, I should add. No straight jackets, no injections, only a few pills when I need them. This place is roomy, walls painted either white or baby blue. Large stuffed chairs, perhaps too heavy to pick up and throw. Every item of the environment speaks the language of security. I think often of my books lined up on the shelves in my otherwise empty, small apartment. I practice giving lectures to the sparrows in the hospital garden. Sparrows are eager students, who seem to pay attention. Two days ago the topic was comparison. I compared starlings with you sparrows. There were no starlings present. The students liked what I said, especially when I told them that you sparrows were local locks. You liked your homes best of all and inhabited the same hedges year after year. Day 5 Today after sitting in the doctors of ice, it occurred to me that therapy was another one of the words that started with the, thus joining theory and theater in an equilateral triangle. The The The is stuttering, staggering. It is a hearing of sheer melancholy. In the hospital garden, while lecturing to the sparrows in the shade of the lime tree, I hear the rustle and the chatter of joyful melancholia. Theater, theory, and therapy in what I think is their proper genealogy. I tried to convince my fellow students and former teachers, who came to the meeting, that my bachelor essay got down to basics. Anecdotes are the atoms of narrative science. When you split anecdotes, you unpack them. No explosions, only epiphanies. My former fellow students and former teachers thought I was acting the clown. Comic Theater. I have always had trouble with irony and tropes. ANGLO FILES Februar

70 Fiction Listeners mistake my irony. Is he being serious? I heard a former fellow student whisper to her girlfriend sitting next to her in the meeting. The answer, for my well-being, that seemed to have a wide consensus was: Therapy. When I dissect the word therapy I discover rape hidden in it. I cannot footnote this point. Once upon a time, in another hospital garden, someone might have found it too. Day 6 To the sparrows I will say: your chirps chirps don t tell a story like the yellow-beaked blackbird who stands on the rooftop and sends his SMSs through my bedroom window. Also mine here in the hospital. The blackbird pretends to monologue wherever he lives. That s the theory and the theater he evokes. That is the best word for it. The only comfort to melancholy is inding the best words to tell about it. The doctors, like the students and the teachers, propose therapy prior to hearing the story of my theory, my anecdotes and SMSs. Listen to the blackbird! I would tell them. An imperative, the start of a cure for indifference. In a small factory that packed and sent birdfeeders C.O.D. to customers at Christmas time, a plastic Saint Francis was a favorite present. Mice came to eat the peanuts that spilled on the loor while we packed them. I typed the customer s name and address on the label. The ribbon on the little typewriter was almost worn out. I typed the labels anyway. I glued the label on the package, knowing that the worker in the post of ice had to guess whether Saint Francis and the peanuts were being mailed to a backyard in Michigan or to one in Minnesota. The doctors Ann and William found the anecdote entertaining. I think so but am not sure. After my ifty minutes were over, they might have commented that the igure of Saint Francis helped to sew the seams of my history more neatly, more tangibly. All my chatter about birds in the garden now began to make sense to them. Histories from the past make histories from the present and future more plausible. Scissors and paste put the past in place. Day 7 Doctors who listen more or less attentively to repetitions, something like teachers quizzing students about the causes of the Civil War, hope for the unexpected anecdotes that pop up during a session. Putting plastic Saint Francises and packs of peanuts tucked under his raised arms gives Ann and William a taste of the actual history of someone who has been brought under their wings. Our lives with birds and bird- life itself draw us together. We snuggle in the nest of metaphor. Are there any events in places such as this? Is the repetition of histories an event? I am asking my present doctors, my former teachers and former fellow students the questions. Chirp chirp is not a poor answer. Tomorrow we heard there is a new arrival coming here, a woman, we heard, who likes to run long distances many times each day and often at night as well. One of the staff doctors also likes to run, and he will try to keep up with her and see if she tries to disappear. I tell myself this place also has events, but that is tomorrow. We already know a lot about this woman before we even meet her. The hospital staff orients us to newcomers. It is the policy. The word orient has fascinated me since childhood. I guessed, already aged eight, that it has something to do with the sun, not with China or Japan. Before the woman even makes her irst appearance to our group, which normally takes place at the afternoon coffee hour in the dining room, I picture her trying to hang up her tights and tops after one of her ive-mile runs. She will ind out that there are no clothes- 70 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

71 Fiction lines here. There are several clothes dryers, however, in every module, the term that has replaced ward. Place names are replaced. She will learn. Day 8 One of the things this hospital has in its favor, at least for myself, is its marvelous numerology. I mentioned modules. There are six of them. If you looked at the place from a bird s eye view, soaring like a hawk, you would see two rows with three modules each, connected by a perpendicular row, in which the dining room, kitchen living room, and doctors of- ices are located. The hawk would thereby see the shape of the letter H, perfect for Hospital. Then, to make the numerical wholeness complete, there are six residents in each module. Thirty -six of us, each with our own room and bath. I don t know how many staff people work here, but I would like to think there is one for each of us. Ten tables in the dining room, six chairs at every table, but some do not come to eat. In the best of our possible worlds, the number six has both symmetry and a- symmetry. The hospital is not perfect. We are asked not to count gender of the inhabitants. Six is good for reminding ourselves of the immense value of groups. Two times three and three times two. The modules are not always completely illed. There can be vacancies. Some go and some come. There have been twelve moves since I have been here, notably with the number six again involved. The woman runner will move into my module. I ask myself: is the anticipation of an event itself an event? I should add that the space within the H rooms is divided between a garden on one side and a small space on the other side for sports. A likely place for stretching before and after running, I will tell the newcomer. Even before she gets here and unpacks her running clothes, in my mind, she is already here. In my mind is therefore an event. Day 9 Everything its own place and time. That is what an event is, and that is what the hospital s routine achieves for the staff and the inhabitants. Being temporary for us is both a threat and a promise. My return to melancholy is what this place promises me. The doctors might begin to understand this. The image of crossing the icy stream and falling on my back between two rocks is starting to have its curing effect on the doctors. It was while hiking in a Norwegian mountain landscape in a certain week in a certain summer that the event happened. The anecdote as I retell it becomes the point of a compass that shows the magnetic direction of my life. The red needle always points north: Norway. Nordic trope I will lecture the sparrows. The earth beyond your familiar hedges bends in the hot tropics, hot because the sun s rays hit so hard during the days. Nordic tropes have a strange sound to the ear, I will tell them, as they chirp chirp back to me. I have found out that the large hedges that surround the hospital hide a high wire fence. I had to push my way through the hedge to see the fence. The top of the fence has a plastic covering, so there are no razor- wire barbs to slice the arms of a climber. Where will the new, woman runner be able to do her ive miles? Not inside the wire fences. One of the doctors ran a half marathon three years ago. The plan is that he will run along side her. Our module heard this at after- dinner coffee. Two of us may start running. I said that if all six of us from Module Three start to run, we can call ourselves the Module Three Thoroughbreds. Day 10 We aren t so talkative in our module three. I don t know if there are more talkative modules in the hospital. Being secretive is de i- ANGLO FILES Februar

72 Fiction nitely the life- style here. Black is the favored color of clothes; both genders prefer the color. When you watch the clothes dryers in operation you see swirls of blackness, buttons and zippers clicking. Three of us have our clothes drying at one time. Still warm, we separate and fold them in silence. Underpants also come in black. The doctors recommend one hour of physical exercise every day. I would prefer at least three hours, and team sports like basketball. There is a hoop in the sports courtyard. I can see it from my window. I have never heard anyone using it, except me. I take shots alone and curse if the ball does not drop through the hoop. The module is a rational system. It looks as if all the numbers are nicely integrated. The fact is, however, that one stands alone in every group. Six is a sum of ones. Forget about the twos and threes. The dining room exposes our onenesses. Sparrows chirp chirp in the hedges. Our sounds come from dining. The residents and the staff ill and empty their plates and bowls. Some take tiny portions. Some start with empty plates. Forks and spoons, sometimes knives, scrape whatever remains there are into the garbage bag on the wagon. Then we drop, splash, our forks and spoons into the rinse water of the stainless steel container. We stack the plates, cups, and bowls. A few comments might be occasionally heard over the usual dining room sounds. For example, yesterday I heard: Nice dessert today. The hospital is not a Benedictine monastery in the Middle Ages, but a comparison is tempting. I think again of Saint Francis whispering to the birds. How many years can a plastic Saint Francis endure the winter months of Minnesota? In the evening, as darkness grows, I think of my prematurely rejected BA project. That s when my anger illuminates the darkness. There are no lights by the basketball court. I can t shoot. I don t run in the dark any more. Once I stumbled over a small branch, mostly a twig. My ankle is still sore. My oneness splinters the module into ive separate parts, the empty one waiting for our newcomer. I will warn her against running in the darkness. My guess is, though, she will do whatever she wants. Is a module that is so split up still a module? Day 11 Night here is simply a continuation of day. More silence. From my bedroom with all forms of sound insulation, I can hear the coffee machine bubbling in the night- watch kitchen. I listen to it. Two minutes and again silence. The three persons on night- watch have the lights turned on in the of ice. The light re lects on my bedroom window. I often repeat the event that brought me here: my anger for not having my bachelor essay topic accepted by my adviser, Klaus. I yelled at him, called him a coward and conformist. Then I threatened him and swept the piles of exams and lecture notes from his desk. Then I repeated, like Stanley Kowalski s line from A Streetcar named Desire : I cleared my side of the table. Want me to clear yours too? Then I smiled and told him: Actually I cleared your side of the table irst, followed by: My side of the table is still here. Just wait and see. The adviser immediately sent an to the head of the department and a copy to the dean. I was recommended for a temporary suspension from studies as long as I was getting psychiatric treatment. It didn t take many days before I found myself in Module three. Yes, three weeks ago almost to the day or night. University bureaucracy works most effectively in cases such as mine. Events become anecdotes, told again and again with variations. They stick in the mind 72 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

73 Fiction and then in others minds. Theater (Klaus and Kowalski) clears the table for Theory (Narrativity), and the taxi drives you to Therapy (Module Three). My new title for the coming bachelor essay will be Telling stories is not so foolish: the anecdote as elixer. I doubt this topic will get approval. As I try to fall asleep tonight, I think of three words and repeat them out loud. They tell, quite boringly, the story of the hospital: Isolation, loneliness, solitude. The greatest of these is solitude. The irst two states brought them into these walls. We were accustomed to them, so it made it easier to accommodate. The two words bounce off each other in my mind. No, like a pendulum ticking seconds on a grandfather clock. Accustom tick tock Accommodate. I must have fallen asleep. Day 12 Today the silence of this place may be broken, if not forever, at least for a few hours. At breakfast the sound of spoons dipping for milk-covered corn lakes is the closest sound. My soup-spoon in my heavy bowl scraping the last sugary milk. Please pass the sugar, a third module woman asks. The event completed, the silence resumes. She is used to isolation and loneliness, and probably has never experienced the melancholy joy of sheer solitude. She has washed her hair before breakfast. The smell of shampoo tells the story, but I note that her hair is still damp, its long blond strands barely touch her thin shoulders. She eats very slowly, as if eating is a punishment. Now I think of the new woman runner who arrives this afternoon before coffee hour. Maybe she will eat the same way as the one sitting across from me. These are the events in the future perfect tense, the as if they had already happened events which are the seminal events in Theater, Theory, and Therapy. After breakfast, after the bowls, cups and plates are stacked on the wagon the modulates --as I now call us (it seems more itting than inhabitants ) return to their rooms and accommodate themselves to their accustomed isolation. Meetings with the doctors and module meetings are exceptional. The silence is broken, also silently. We meet at three o clock, the ive of us in our module. Ann starts by asking if we have any problems. Silence is the answer. Some writers would say that we are nervous in our silence. I would say we are silent with our nerves. There is a pause, rather, the pause takes another form. Ann says very quietly: The woman who was supposed to come today has changed her mind..we don t know why, but her doctor said maybe it was best for her to stay at home. We ive remaining modulates at the round table took quick glances at each other. If we often had nothing to say, the new event did not change our minds or our habits. I felt bitter, I could taste the coleslaw for lunch, the chopped raw onions, the vinegar dressing. The anticipated event of arrival was stronger than the present event of dismissal. All the events in my mind to prepare for her coming, to account for how this place works, to ease her accommodation, dropped into the icy water of the mountain stream. I decided then, on the spot at the round table of Module three, that I wanted out. The author thanks Randi Ward (West Virginia, USA) for her most thoughtful editorial comments. Jonathan Schwartz. Dec.8, ANGLO FILES Februar

74 DET AMERIKANSKE VALG Af Peter Bjelskou Peter Bjelskou er Ph.D. fra State University of New York og forfatter til bogen Branded Women in U.S. Television: When People Become Corporations (2014). Han er desuden foredragsholder, mediekommentator og tilknyttet Heartbeats.dk som skribent og vært på podcasten Poprefleksioner om amerikansk popkultur og politik. Dele af denne artikel er tidligere udgivet på Heartbeats.dk (15. nov. 2016) Med Team Hillary rundt i Florida Med kampagnebrochurer i hænderne banker jeg på døren. En ældre dame med lilla hår og spraglet tøj åbner den og kigger på mig. Da jeg med et forsigtigt og afventende smil på læben fortæller mit ærinde, råber hun, at hun hellere vil stemme på sin hund end den skrækkelige bedrager Hillary Clinton. Efter jeg ret hurtigt får sagt et eller andet om, at det jo er et frit land, går jeg videre ned ad gaden, mens hun stadig står i hoveddøren og råber en endeløs række grusomheder om Hillary Clinton, Demokraterne og mig. Denne dame stod ikke alene med sin harske kritik af Hillary Clinton, som har været genstand for utallige angreb i valgkampen, senest fra Donald Trump og hans støtter. Dybest set har hun været skydeskive i hele sit offentlige liv, som jeg før har beskrevet i Anglo Files (#182, Nov. 2016). Valget endte som bekendt med en sejr til Donald Trump, og med topkandidater fra både Republikanerne og Demokraterne, som begge var ekstraordinært upopulære selv i egne rækker, var valgkampen virkelig op ad bakke. Den højtråbende dame med det lilla hår var faktisk registreret som Demokrat, hvilket var grunden til, at vi opsøgte hende, men ligesom hende syntes også mange andre Demokrater, at Hillary Clinton er sovset alt for meget ind i nyhedsrapporterede skandaler. Ved valget stemte halvdelen af hvide kvinder på Donald Trump, hvormed den store potentielle feministiske alliance af hvide medsøstre, der kunne have sikret Clinton sejren, udeblev. På samme tid var mange registrerede Republikanere enige om, at Donald Trump var en yderst problematisk kandidat, med dårlig opførsel og larmende tavshed om en reel politisk dagsorden. Hans dårlige meningsmålinger var dog misvisende, bl.a. fordi mange Trump-vælgere ikke igurerede i meningsmålingerne. Selv når hans kampagne var allermest skinger, påståelig og surrealistisk, var der en hård kerne af supportere, og denne støtte var ganske enkelt tiltagende. 74 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

75 Det amerikanske valg Fotograf: Peter Bjelskou The ground game Igennem små to uger op til valgdagen rejste jeg sammen med en gruppe fra Radikale Venstre rundt i USA for at støtte Demokraterne, og for at forstå den valgkamp der fascinerede og skræmte borgere både i USA og resten af verden. Vi begyndte turen i Washington D.C., hvor vi mødtes med fundraisere, valgeksperter og forskellige andre analytikere hos den danske ambassade, tænketanken Brookings Institution, Verdensbanken, American University og U.S. Capitol, for at udveksle tanker om valgkampen. Derefter gik turen til Fort Lauderdale i Florida, hvor vi blev tilknyttet to lokale kampagnekontorer det ene indrettet i små beskedne butikslokaler og det andet i en privat garage. Begge steder blev vi modtaget med åbne arme af frivillige Demokrater, primært pensionister og midaldrende amerikanere, som brugte enorme tidsresurser på at kortlægge, hvor de registrerede Demokrater bor, for derefter at fordele disse informationer i mapper Florida til andre frivillige der, ligesom os, kommer ind fra gaden for at hjælpe. De instruerede os også i, hvordan man skal tale til folk, f.eks. hvor langt man må gå i en meningsudveksling, og i detaljerne omkring afstemningsprocedurer, så vi kunne rådgive folk bedst muligt om brevafstemning og de lokale valgsteders placering. At stemme dørklokker for at få de mange registrerede vælgere til at brevstemme eller bevæge sig hen til stemmeurnerne på valgdagen kaldes canvassing og er meget udbredt i USA. Vores mål var at få folk til at stemme på Hillary Clinton og de mange andre Demokratiske kandidater, som stillede op til de øvrige poster på stemmesedlen. Vi gik primært rundt i to områder med de eksotiske navne Pompano Beach og Coconut Creek det første, et arbejderklasseområde med en blanding af små ine huse og mere ramponerede bygninger. Coconut Creek mindede mere om det iktive område Wisteria Lane fra tv-serien Desperate Housewives, med formfuldendt design, velklædte husmødre og velplejet vegetation. Modtagelsen varierede fra hus til hus, og i begge områder oplevede vi både gæstfrihed, hø lighed, og en mere lados-sige kritisk afstandstagen fra hele valgprojektet. Jeg husker stadig en tyk behåret mand i shorts (og intet andet), som kom ud på sin veranda og bekendtgjorde, at begge kandidater var korrupte og at intet kunne stilles op over for det ødelagte pengestyrede politiske system. Også der takkede jeg for hans tid, ønskede ham en fortsat god dag og fortsatte til det næste hus. Men jeg husker også de mange vælgere, som glædesfulde fortalte, at de allerede havde afgivet deres stemme på Hillary Clinton og takkede os for vores indsats. Selvom jeg tidligere har boet og arbejdet i USA små seks år sammenlagt, var det meget lærerigt at komme ud og tale med vælgerne på denne måde. Når man opsøger dem i deres egne hjem, tilkendegiver de deres holdninger tilsyneladende med stor ærlighed og råt for usødet. ANGLO FILES Februar

76 Det amerikanske valg Det splittede USA Vi mødte selvfølgelig meget kritik af fænomenet Donald Trump, men vi mødte også rigtig meget forbeholden støtte til Hillary Clinton med ytringer om, at man absolut ikke elskede hende, men at hun dog var bedre end alternativet. Dette svarede int til nyhedsmediernes rapporteringer om den lunkne støtte til hende fra tidligere Bernie Sanders-supportere, og om de mange andre, både inden for og uden for Demokraterne, der var dødtrætte af hele ideen om politiske dynastier og en evindelig række af Bushes og Clintons i Det Hvide Hus. Meningsmålingerne har også periodisk indikeret tæt løb, og det burde derfor ikke komme som den store overraskelse, at Donald Trump kunne ende med at vinde. Hans protektionistiske idéer om USAs handelsrelationer og ønsker om at lukke grænserne for lere typer indvandring vakte tydeligvis genklang hos mange vælgere. Som kommunikationsstrategi var det bestemt ikke så tosset, og selv om han i skrivende stund trækker i land, bl.a. om forbuddet mod muslimers indrejse i USA og om muren til Mexico, som nu tilsyneladende skal inansieres af Kongressen og ikke af Mexico, hjalp disse temaer ham med at vinde valget. Men det er ikke kun hardcore Trump-fans der er modtagelige for denne retorik. Faktisk indes der meget mere racisme, xenofobi, homofobi og konservative idéer om kvinders evner og passende opførsel i USA, end mange er klar over. Her taler jeg ikke kun om de landlige stater i Midtvesten, men også om folk jeg har mødt som underviser bl.a. i Buffalo og New York City, blandt studerende, venner, kolleger og på den lokale kaffebar. Jeg holder uendeligt meget af amerikanere og det amerikanske samfund, og på mange måder er landet blevet mit andet hjem. Men der er nogle gange en understrøm af intolerance hos folk, man ikke ville forvente det fra folk som godt ved, det ikke er accepteret adfærd at ytre sådanne ting, men som alligevel gør det privat eller Florida i deres sigende adfærd. Jeg siger dog ikke, at Trumps succes kun er bygget på et fundament af racisme og protektionisme. Der er bestemt mange folk, der ikke har fået andet ud af globaliseringen end arbejdsløshed, dårligere levestandard og dystre fremtidsudsigter. De stemmer givetvis på ham i håbet om reel forandring og ikke lappeløsninger. Så at en kandidat kan komme frem bl.a. med en os-moddem retorik, som også går sin sejrsgang over Europa for tiden, er ikke så underligt. USA er meget splittet for tiden, hvilket blandt andet kan ses på de to kandidaters meget forskellige visioner af USA. Det påstås ofte, at USA er mere splittet end nogensinde, hvilket dog er en historieløs overdrivelse, der ignorerer tidligere tiders splittelse, f.eks. den amerikanske borgerkrig der bl.a. handlede om slaveriets ophævelse og staternes individuelle rettigheder over for den føderale magt. Men resultatet af dette valg viser bestemt en opdeling mellem land og by og mellem den meningsdannende elite og den almindelige amerikaner. Journalister i tv-debatter har ofte med store nysgerrige øjne spurgt deres gæster hvem disse Trump-støtter dog er og hvorfor der er så mange af dem? Det er ikke folk, som ofte gæster tv-studierne på øst- og vestkysten, men gudfrygtige og konservative vælgere, som har vist sig yderst modtagelige for Trumps budskaber. Fox News har givetvis Fotograf: Freja Lilli Wirlander 76 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

77 Det amerikanske valg haft mere fornemmelse for hvilken indre revolution der var i gang i USA end mange andre tv-stationer. Vi mærkede også denne splittelse ude i boligområderne i Florida. Vi blev nogle gange mødt af tilråb fra Trump-støtter, og nogle af mine medrejsende blev faktisk jaget bort af en beboer med et Trump/Pence-skilt. Jeg kan heller ikke huske, at en tidligere valgkamp har opildnet folk mere end denne, samtidig med, at mange nægtede at give deres mening til kende, givetvis af frygt for reaktionen. På det sidste har vi set demonstrationer i lere amerikanske storbyer primært med unge mennesker, der er frustrerede over udsigten til en Trump-administration. Diskussionen om valgmandssystemet er også blusset op, da vi igen oplever en taber som har fået lest popular votes, men som alligevel taber valget, da hver stat har et antal valgmandsstemmer der alle går til vinderen i pågældende stat. Valgmandsystemet blev sat i værk af USA s grundlæggere, for bl.a. at gøre mindre befolkningstætte stater mere relevante i valgkampe. Jeg mener dog, at det mest udemokratiske i denne valgkamp har været de mange løgne fremsat af Trumps kampagne og mediernes manglende evne til at gå kritisk til kandidaterne, hvilket først kom hen mod slutningen af valgkampen. Det kræver stor viden at håndtere politiske kandidater, også herhjemme, og hvis journalister blot er mikrofonholdere, er vi alle på dybt vand. Jeg har også oplevet det som underviser i USA, at studerende ikke irettesætter hinanden for løgne og misforståelser, for vi har alle ret til vores mening. Undskyld mig, men løgnagtige beskyldninger om andre er ikke bare meninger. Hele den såkaldt postfaktuelle periode vi nu be inder os i, er et kæmpe problem for demokratiet. Jeg forstår udmærket, at vælgerne vil have Fotograf: Peter Bjelskou Florida ANGLO FILES Februar

78 Det amerikanske valg forandring der kan mærkes, og ikke forventer denne fra Hillary Clinton, men jeg tvivler på, at Trumps vælgere får den forandring de forventer. Hva nu? Efter dette valgresultat er det tid til re leksion og introspektion hos medierne for deres forfejlede håndtering af valget. Der er også brug for bedre metoder til at lave meningsmålinger. Både Demokraterne og Republikanerne bliver nødt til at opstille kandidater som både er populære og kompetente, og som kan skabe sammenhold i de respektive partier. Det er også tid til omtanke, for et Europa der er på vej i samme retning med intern splittelse og dæmonisering af lygtninge og indvandrere. Jeg er skræmt over hvor den vestlige verden er på vej hen, under en amerikansk leder, som tilsyneladende siger lige det der popper ind i hovedet på ham, og som ikke engang er enig med sig selv, hvis man dømmer efter hans Twitter-konto. På den positive side gjorde passionen hos de mange frivillige amerikanere der koordinerede vores canvassing stort indtryk på mig. Disse mænd og kvinder er virkelig demokratiets fundament, i en tid hvor både politikere, medier og sofavælgere svigter. Vi var også heldige at komme med til et rally med Barack Obama på Miami International University, og det blev faktisk et andet highlight på turen at komme så tæt på verdens mægtigste mand. Nej, han er ikke perfekt og har sikkert skuffet mange, men hans tid i Det Hvide Hus har skabt fremskridt inden for de rammer der var, og at han overhovedet blev præsident var historisk. Donald Trumps valg er også historisk, men af andre grunde. Han kan kun overraske positivt. Fotograf: Freja Lilli Wirlander Obama 78 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

79 Det amerikanske valg By Lajla Nielsen-Refs Lajla Nielsen-Refs er tidligere efterskolelærer og læser nu engelsk bachelor på Århus Universitet. Derudover har hun en diplomuddannelse i Drama-og teater, som hun bruger i sin ansættelse som dramalærer i Musikskolen Ringkøbing Skjern. Engelskstudiet byder ud over litteratur, lingvistik og historie også på nogle valgfag, og her har hun det sidste halve år deltaget tre timer om ugen på kurset: A Trusted Voice, et kursus i creatives writing for blogs, newspapers and magazines. Draining the swamp? On November 9, 2016, real estate mogul and reality TV personality Donald John Trump was elected as the nation s next president, following one of the harshest American presidential election campaigns in our time. The billionaire s galling campaign left a trail of harassing and denigrating allegations which sparked thousands of citizens in no less than thirty-seven cities to take to the streets showing their outrage. Carrying signs with texts like: DUMP TRUMP, and NOT MY PRESIDENT they were showing their frustration throughout the country. Especially young college goers too young to cast their vote demonstrated their fear for the future of the country. They were scared that there would be a turning back to times when racism was legal and being gay was a felony. They also feared for women s rights. Particularly the issue of Trump having denigrated a reporter with a disability, his condemning of Muslims in general and his hurling accusations at immigrants were regarded as attempts to provoke intolerance and racism. Very few had seen this coming since the polls showed promise for Hillary Clinton to become the next president. Trump had damaged himself so much that he would not be voted in, after his many scandalously degrading announcements this was the general opinion worldwide. He had put out racist, sexist, Islam hostile, and homophobic statements. He had slandered a Vietnam War veteran, and recordings of him advocating sexual assaults had been released. Yet, this man, who had built his campaign on slander and bigotry, which made even important Republicans publically withdraw their support for him, won. Whitelash The American people are clearly extremely divided. Several news media talk about Whitelash after eight years of presidency by part African-American, part white Barrack Hussein Obama as another reason for the election result. Traditionally, here has been a Christian white majority which is now disappearing because young white people no longer subscribe, also the millennial generation is the most racially diverse in US history. Today you ind 67% white Christians in the older population and only 29% in the white 18 to 28-year-olds while the group of unaf iliated non-believers has grown steadily. Trump s rhetoric seems to have appealed to some of the white Christian people who feel their existence threatened. > ANGLO FILES Februar

80 Det amerikanske valg Finally listening to the regular guy Another reason for liking Trump is that these voters feel he is one of their own, someone who has spoken frankly and honestly about the problems in their country. They may not necessarily agree with him in some of his provocations, but they are willing to discard them because they see him as a possibility of creating a fresh start and as someone who will get things done. Mistrust in the affairs of Washington, insecurity over globalization and disdain for the elite are put forward as the reason why they voted for Trump. In the words of Mike Gaskey, a Trump diehard: I feel like somebody is inally listening to the regular guy. Not the special interests or the lobbyists, but rather the guy who works with his hands as much as his mind. People are tired of politicians The successful real estate magnet Donald Trump was born in 1946 in Queens in New York. He has built himself an empire which will secure his legacy in New York. After university he took over the family business. However, since 1999 he has aspired politically but performed poorly in the California primary, which made him withdraw his candidacy. In 2004 he was a part of and co-producer of a reality TV series of fourteen episodes called The Apprentice on NBC, which became hugely popular. In this series people s business skills are tested and judged. They all aim for the prize of the programme which is to be chosen to lead one of Trump s companies for a year. The losers are eliminated by Donald Trump at a board meeting with the words, You re ired. The series has given him a presidential campaign platform to operate from as a well-known, tough business man who runs his company successfully because of his uncompromising and outspoken statements. Already at the irst Republican debate no one seemed to be able to compete with him, he was the main attraction due to his pugnaciousness. What seemed to be received particularly well in some people was his blow at the existing politicians: I think the big problem this country has, is being politically correct. It made people see him as one of their own kind rather than a remote politician who takes everything into consideration before speaking, which may come to sound dull and unengaging. Also, he made it clear he was going to: clear out the swamp in Washington of corruption and special interest collusion. He is going to reduce lobbyism by former Congressional of icials and completely stop lobbying from abroad. It's not been easy for me His campaign showed that the more controversially he behaved, the more success he received. When he promised to build a wall between Mexico and America to keep all the illegal immigrants away and to deport the eleven million already in the country if he was elected president, the media and a vast number of people immediately reacted to this as a racist attack. Such a plan seems evidently unobtainable and it was assumed that he would lose some of his momentum, but his popularity only rose. In his voters eyes he represents the image of the self-made hard working man. He has succeeded in presenting himself as an average person struggling to make a living. In one of the debates he participated in he said: It s not been easy for me. You know what, I started off in Brooklyn, my father gave me a small loan of a million dollars. Donald Trump was born into a real estate empire built by his extremely successful father, Fred Trump, who became enormously wealthy and most people would probably see one million dollars for what it is; an obscene amount of money which would give you an opportunity that hundreds of millions of Americans will never get. But the white blue-collar men and women, who voted for him, see him as the embodiment of The American Dream, and as such place their faith in him. 80 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

81 Det amerikanske valg Fear of the future And faith in the future has been plummeting in the great country which, like many other countries, has been hit by massive dif iculties since the 2008 recession. Outsourcing of factories to upcoming economies like China and India has meant massive lay-offs in the USA and life has become increasingly dif- icult for the average American. In February of 2016 President Obama was quoted as saying: The United States of America right now has the strongest, most durable economy in the world, and in April Bloomberg News proclaimed that the American: economy is creating a lot of jobs. Moreover, the economist Patrick Newmark con irmed this by saying: This is further con irmation that the labour market is strong. Long term unemployment statistics show rates are as low as 5%, but these igures also count people who work temporary jobs and earn no more than $20 a week. At the same time, demonstrations by middle-class workers took place. Food-airport-homecare workers among others demanded a minimum wage of $15 to be able to make a living. Many work for the $7.25 minimum wage with no bene its or security due to the massive fall in middle wage jobs while living costs are soaring making it a race to survive. They do not feel like the situation is improving as they struggle in two to three jobs. The forgotten middle class The middle class, predominantly white see a new possibility in Trump s words when he promises to take actions to protect American workers. He will: Bring back jobs from China, force Nabisco to once again produce Oreos in the United States, and bully Apple into making its damn computers and other products in the USA. He has never been clear about how he proposed to succeed in these matters. Another issue on Trump s agenda is to cut taxes to the better for the middle class, but his plan seems to do very little for this group. The top one percent would get about half the bene its of his tax cut, and a millionaire would get an average tax cut of $317,000. A family which makes between $40,000 and $50,000 a year would get a tax cut of only $560, and millions of middle-class working families will see their tax bills rise under Trump s plan especially single-parent families. Despite these facts that hardly look supportive of the middle class at all, he has been able to capture the votes of these people. Trump campaigned strongly for the repeal of President Barack Obama s signature Affordable Care Act, popularly known as Obamacare. Trump promised to replace it with a better and cheaper plan. The ACA increased access to affordable healthcare, imposed stricter regulations on policies and bene its for insurance companies and installed tax reduction to make it possible for more Americans to buy health insurance. Repealing it would effectively leave twenty million Americans, mostly low-income, out of social security insurance. Trump promised tax deduction which would have so little effect that 75% of these people would not be able to afford health insurance anyway. Racially motivated attacks on the rise Apart from the middle class, Trump has also awoken a segment of lat out racists who have operated on the internet looding it with racist material. They call themselves the alt-right and belong on the far right. They are committed white nationalists and neo-monarchists, and they call Trump their god-emperor. They feel there is a war between whites and non-whites, or white quislings. According to the monitoring institution Southern Poverty Law Center, the racially motivated attacks have increased violently since the election of Trump. In Atlanta Go back where you came from was shouted at Latinos. A girl wearing a hijab was told by her professor in front of her class on the day after the election: You re still gonna wear that? Passers-by were telling a girl wearing a scarf: Your time s up, girlie. ANGLO FILES Februar

82 Det amerikanske valg Source: Of icial White House Facebook Page President Donald Trump being sworn in on January 20, 2017 at the U.S. Capitol building in Washington Graf iti on a wall in Durham, NC: Black lives don t matter, and neither does your votes. More than 200 incidents of Swastika graf iti to physical threats have been reported and the minorities in the country are trying to get their heads around the fact that their fellow countrymen have voted in someone who has advocated for racism, sexism, homophobia and attacked an entire religion. They feel abandoned and are fearful of the future. Out of the 50,000 reporters in the USA, 20,000 have been targeted with threats containing anti-semitic language during the period from August 2015 to July A stunning total of 2.6 million anti-semitic tweets have been posted in the same period. Will Trump avoid conflicts of interest and nepotism? Before taking of ice Trump had some far-reaching decisions to make. The president must be free of his large corporation, in order to avoid future con licts of interests, as he is handling the affairs of the greatest country on earth. Trump s corporation has interests in more than 18 countries besides in the USA, yet plans to prevent the president from making laws to further his own interests are still lacking. A considerable debt to banks of around 1 billion dollars seems to impose one con lict of interest now that he is regulating the inancial services industry. Furthermore, his companies are exposed to impending litigations and some of his real estate investments may cause a huge tax bill which may embarrass him as President. Trump kept his family close during the whole campaign. His children, whom he controversially installed in his transition team, are also chosen to continue his business. Will they also be his unof icial advisors in the time to come? Public of icials, including the President, are forbidden to appoint a relative in the agency while they are in charge, according to a federal nepotism law yet Trump s 82 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

83 Det amerikanske valg son-in-law is now senior White House advisor. The new Justice Department points to a subsequent 1978 law which gives the president authority to point out White House staff regardless of every other law restricting employment. Is Trump going to be as radical as he has promised? For certain there is a large number of the population who have voted on exactly that premise and they will expect nothing less. Donald Trump repeatedly called the environmental crisis: a hoax made up by the Chinese and vowed to dismantle as much as possible of the Environmental Protection Agency. Radical environment changes for the worse seem likely, now that climate change sceptic General Scott Pruitt, who has close ties to the oil industry, is in command. Information on which employees at Energy Department work with climate changes was requested by Trump s transition team. Spokesman Anthony Scaramucci said that the government will be led by common sense, and that scientists can be wrong about man s impact on climate change, like when they thought the earth was lat. He also said that there are scientists today who believe human activity does not change the climate, implying that those will be the ones in favour of the Trump administration. During the election campaign Trump was adamant on repelling Obama s signature health plan, which would leave 20 million Americans without health care. However, immediately after the election he toned down his criticism and spoke in forthcoming ways about Obamacare. He then appointed Tom Price, an outspoken enemy of affordable care act, for the Health and Human Services Secretary. The of ice cancelled the outreach in the medias in the inal week of open enrollment, which was regarded as an attempt to undermine Obamacare. It prompted loud, viral response from activists, and insurance people went public with worries that health insurance could face higher prices and unstable market. After a few days, the Trump administration pulled back the plan. Maybe it is not going to be that easy to do away with the existing programme. The expulsion of eleven million illegal immigrants has come down to two to three million criminal immigrants, whereas plans of building a border wall paid by Mexico, and a rise of 20% on trade if the country does not adhere to this, are intact. The latter caused the cancellation of bilateral meetings with the Mexican president who indicates that higher prices on Mexican goods will only affect the American consumers negatively. One of Trump's irst moves as president was to issue an executive order meant to stop terrorists from in iltrating immigrant and refugee programs. It consists of an inde inite ban on Syrian refugees, a halt to all refugee admissions in the USA, temporary suspension for visa holders from seven Muslim majority nations and green card holders returning to the USA must go through additional screening. It prompted confusion at national airports, and reports of detainments and lawyers who were denied contact made the news. Meanwhile American Civil Liberties Union and refugee rights groups organized massive protests in airports all over the country. Current immigration law bans discrimination based on nationality or religion, which is what senate Democrats will use in the attempt to overturn the order. They will try to get the support from a few Republicans from both chambers who has publically denounced the order, which Trump said was working very nicely. Trump and Truth Trump s Chief Strategist is executive Stephen K. Bannon of the news site Breitbart News, which has been accused of right wing orientation having put out anti- Semitist wording. ANGLO FILES Februar

84 Det amerikanske valg At present, the Republican party is in absolute majority, which suggests Trump has back up for whatever deregulation and tax repatriation he is going to propose. His rejection of the establishment, which was a central point for many of his voters, shows very clearly. Whether they like it or not, the American people are going to take their own medicine as a new Reagan era seems about to take place. It is also known for slandering women with deliberate manipulation of news. It seems the President s choice of strategy is likely to compromise his credibility. Following the inauguration, accusations of misinformation is lourishing, due to press releases from The White House. It was stated that the crowd was the largest, ever, at an inauguration. The president himself attacked the dishonest media for underestimating the numbers, however, photos released by National Park Service showed signi icantly less show out for the Trump inauguration than for Obama s in It was not falsehoods, said Kellyanne Conway, counsellor to President Trump, it was alternative facts. Furthermore, The White House claimed Metro ridership to be about 420,000 people on inauguration day which on fact check with Metro turned out to be 193,000 people. (On Obama s inauguration in 2009, 513,000 people travelled on the Metro.) Later these alternative facts were also withdrawn but no exact numbers were given. In the light of the most recent events, draining the swamp takes on a whole new meaning news/2016/10/21/massive-rise-in-hate-speechtwitter-during-presidential-election-donaldtrump/ / its-from-donald-trumps-tax-plan O-TRU Contractv02.pdf wp/2016/11/12/heres-why-trump-is-already-waf- ling-on-obamacare/?utm_term=.57d25b president-trumps- irst-defeat us-mexico-trade-one-sided-heres-the-reality ?mod=cx_picks&cx_navsource=cx_picks&cx_ tag=other&cx_artpos=7#cxrecs_s ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

85 ANDRE ARTIKLER Af Metha Loumann, journalist Science fiction is here Genteknologien giver nye muligheder for at manipulere med naturens orden. Snart kan vi måske en gang for alle udrydde menneske jendske og sygdomsspredende plageånder som rotter og zika-myg ved at sætte genmodi icerede eksemplarer af dem ud i naturen. Men vil vi det? Og tør vi? Det Etiske Råd er klar med nyt tværfagligt undervisningsmateriale, tiltænkt bl.a. fagene engelsk, iloso i og biologi. Materialet tager greb om videnskabens rolle i vores verden og giver eleverne en unik mulighed for at fordybe sig i de etiske dilemmaer, den nye teknologi fører med sig. Er det i orden, at mennesker jerner andre arter, hvis de generer os? For få år siden var spørgsmålet ren utopi og fandtes kun i fantasternes og sci- i genrens univers. Sådan er det ikke længere. Med genteknologiens hastige fremmarch står mulighederne for at manipulere med naturens orden i kø. Aldous Huxleys Fagre nye verden fra 1932 er ikke så ny længere. Et af de nyeste og mest revolutionerende skud på stammen er genværktøjet CRISPR, en editeringsteknik, som i laboratoriet giver mulighed for billigt, nemt og hurtigt at ændre på generne, det vil sige de biologiske koder, der styrer egenskaberne hos mennesker, dyr og planter. Kombineret med såkaldte gene drives giver CRISPR uanede muligheder for at forbedre naturen til menneskets umiddelbare fordel. Det kan være at udrydde skadedyr, der ødelægger høsten i fattige lande, eller at udrydde myg, der spreder farlige sygdomme som malaria, zika-virus eller dengue-feber. Det kan også være at stoppe invasive arter, dyr eller planter, som mennesker bringer med sig til nye områder, og som ødelægger det eksisterende økosystem. ANGLO FILES Februar

86 Andre artikler Åbenlyse fordele Teknikken består i at avle fx malariamyg i et laboratorium. Myggene har vha. genmodi ikation fået indsat et gen, der ødelægger deres evne til at få a kom, hvis de parrer sig med en myg, der også har genet. Samtidig har de fået indsat en slags genetisk kopimaskine, der gør, at det dårlige gen breder sig meget hurtigt. På den måde kan man udrydde en myggeart, som spreder malaria. En tillokkende tanke, og fordelene er åbenlyse: Ifølge WHO blev knap en kvart mia. mennesker smittet med malaria i Heraf døde Disse liv vil kunne reddes. Zikavirus, gul feber og dengue-feber vil potentielt også kunne udryddes. Det samme gælder invasive arter af planter og dyr, der truer de økosystemer, de vokser ind i. I ulandene kan høsten komme uskadt i hus og dermed brødføde mange lere. Forbruget af insektgifte og ukrudtsmidler, som skader naturen, kan begrænses. Der har været forsket i at udrydde myg siden 1950 erne, de seneste årtier også vha. genmodi ikation, det nye er muligheden for at designe gene drives. De kan ændre arveanlæggene, så en indført, genetisk ændring vil gå i arv til samtlige efterkommere af det modi icerede dyr, og ikke kun til halvdelen, som ved normal arvegang. 86 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

87 Andre artikler Utilsigtede konsekvenser Potentialet er enormt, men foreløbig enormt usikkert og måske risikofyldt. Brugen af CRISPR og gene drive kan komme ud af kontrol, men også falde i de forkerte hænder og måske endda misbruges. Ingen ved, om teknikken medfører uforudsete og utilsigtede konsekvenser på langt sigt for andre arter, for fødekæder eller for sårbare økosystemer. Hvad sker der med et økosystem, hvis en art jernes, eller hvis en genmodi iceret organisme breder sig ukontrollabelt? Et eksempel: Lakselus er et stort problem i lakseopdræt, fordi de slår laksene ihjel. En gene drive sat i genmodi icerede lus kunne få dem til at forsvinde fra dambrugene, men hvis genlusene slipper ud i den rigtige natur, vil lere laks overleve. Laksen vil give basis for lere store rov isk, som vil æde løs nedad i fødekæden med uoverskuelige konsekvenser for andre isk. Mange forskere og kommentatorer har udtrykt bekymring og har opfordret til tilbageholdenhed, indtil vi ved mere, har udført mange lere tests og har bedre overblik over negative effekter, bivirkninger og sideeffekter. Og det er netop nu, vi skal tage stilling: Englænderne står klar Ved Imperial College i London har forskere frembragt modi icerede myg. De bærer et ændret gen, der gør hunmyg ufrugtbare. Planen er at udsætte de genmodi icerede myg udover det sydlige Afrika for at udrydde den myggeart, der spreder malaria. Også andre forsker i teknikken, og et biotek- irma har allerede i kontrollerede forsøg afprøvet virkningen af at sætte gensplejsede myg ud i naturen, dog ikke med brug af gene drive. Her i foråret får danske gymnasieelever en unik mulighed for at få indsigt i denne fagre nye verden, som altså ikke er særlig ny længere. De kan forholde sig til de mange etiske dilemmaer og overvejelser, der er forbundet med genteknologi: Er det forsvarligt at bruge genteknologi til at jerne uønskede arter fra klodens over lade og dermed sætte en sårbar balance over styr, bare fordi det passer til vores behov? Skal mennesket som overherre i naturen bestemme over den, eller skal naturen gå sin gang uden indblanding? Er genteknologi virkelig så slem? Er det ikke meget værre at bruge sprøjtemidler, insektgift og medicin uden at kende bivirkninger på langt sigt? Hvem skal beslutte, hvornår en art må udryddes? Kan der opstå uforudsete ændringer, som ikke kan bremses? Nyt webbaseret materiale Det Etiske Råd har i samarbejde med faglærere i gymnasierne udarbejdet nyt undervisningsmateriale med en helt aktuel gennemgang af udviklingen. Materialet er webbaseret og tilgængeligt på Rådets hjemmeside. Samtidig er der udarbejdet en lærervejledning med en case om udryddelse af skadedyr og -arter med genteknologi, og der er udarbejdet en samlet lærervejledning til sitet Etik og livet, der rummer Etisk Råds undervisningsmateriale til gymnasier og folkeskoler. Materialet er tiltænkt fagene biologi, bioteknologi, iloso i, religion og engelsk. Især for engelsk-fagets vedkommende er det oplagt at bruge materialet i tværfaglige forløb med de øvrige fag. Materialet er udarbejdet på dansk, men kan kombineres med engelsk, dystopisk skønlitteratur, der i mange år har beskæftiget sig med de bekymringer og skræmmende perspektiver, der kan være forbundet med manipulation med naturens gang. ANGLO FILES Februar

88 Andre artikler I undervisningsmaterialet indgår en liste over skønlitteratur om menneskers manipulation med naturen, for eksempel Michael Crichtons Jurassic Park, Aldous Huxleys Brave New World eller Thomas A. Eastons The organic future series. Science & Fiction Engelsklærerne kan også vælge at inddrage CRISPR og gene drive i et selvstændigt undervisningsforløb. En ny Science & Fiction lesson plan giver eleverne mulighed for at fordybe sig og træne færdigheder i retorisk analyse, science iction teori, romananalyse og endelig får eleverne mulighed for at skrive et essay om emnet, hvor de viser deres viden og kunnen. Det centrale i forløbet er en diskussion af videnskabens rolle i vores verden, og hvordan iktion skildrer denne rolle på forskellig måde. Undervisningsforløbet kulminerer onsdag d. 26. april, hvor Det Etiske Råd i anledning af Forskningens Døgn inviterer gymnasieelever til debatmøde på Roskilde Gymnasium. Mødet live-streames, så alle landets elever får mulighed for at følge med og stille spørgsmål til et deltagerpanel af forskere og etikere, der repræsenterer forskellige synspunkter. På debatmødet offentliggør Det Etiske Råd en udtalelse om CRISPR og gene drive. Rådet har til den tid forholdt sig til, om man skal bruge denne teknologi til at jerne uønskede skadedyr og planter fra naturen. Det har mange gymnasieelever formentligt også. Det samlede gymnasieprogram er blevet til i et samarbejde mellem Forskningens Døgn og Det Etiske Råd. Formålet med gymnasieprogrammet er at få unge til at debattere og tage stilling til forskningsetiske dilemmaer, der relaterer sig til deres hverdag og som potentielt vil kunne ændre de grundlæggende vilkår for menneskelivet. Forskningens Døgn er en landsdækkende videnskabsfestival, der inder sted hvert år i uge 17 med over 600 events og mere end besøgende. 88 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

89 TIP: TECHNOLOGY IN PRACTICE By Russell Stannard Russell Stannard is the founder of and his website is visited by more than 300,000 teachers a year. He is a NILE associate trainer and trains teachers in using technology all over the world. Quick ways to collaborate: Answer Garden is a simple and quick solution that works There are a number of tools that we can quickly use with our students if we want them to work together and share ideas. Collaboration is very much at the heart of 21 st Century thinking around learning. It is argued that learning takes places when students collaborate and work together to achieve a specific task or activity. There are actually several levels to this argument. Firstly we learn from others who may have ideas that we haven t thought about, secondly discussing and sharing ideas helps us to clarify what we are thinking and to shape our thoughts and thirdly sharing and collaborating might help things to stick, ie we remember them better once we have explained or described them. Collaboration works well in speci ic parts of a lesson and one point I really like to use it is at the start of a new topic or theme. Collaboration can be a great way of getting students to brainstorm an idea. One problem with brainstorming ideas is that we put students into groups and they discuss ideas but one group doesn t necessarily see or hear the thoughts of another group. One way around this of course is to get one person in each group to summarise their ideas but that tends to be quite time-consuming as the teacher has to go around each group asking the students to summarise what that group said. I often feel that lots of information also gets lost in these summaries. I have always been interested in tools that help me to capture the group discussions and quickly summarise what each group has been saying. There are actually a whole range of tools that can do this now. Answer Garden I recently saw Answer Garden used in a conference with literally 100s of people in the audience and it worked really well. The speaker ANGLO FILES Februar

90 TIP: Technology in practice simply asked the question: What stops teachers using technology in their teaching and learning?. They simply wrote the question in Answer Garden and then shared the link with the audience (Answer Garden produces a simple link where users can add their answers). We worked in groups of 3 and 4s and one member of each group used a device to input the answers. We wrote in our answers and were encouraged to think of as many different answers as possible. As all the groups started adding in their answers, a word cloud began to appear that included all the answers of all the different groups. Within just a minute or two the audience had produced a huge word cloud which had key words and sentences from our answers. It was a really quick and impressive way of collecting together the audience s ideas and literally took just 3-4 minutes. The presenter then summarised the key points impressive. This tool has loads of uses in language teaching. I haven t been able to use it with a group of students yet but I did recently try out a few experiments with a group of teachers and the results were pretty impressive. Brainstorm vocabulary Create an Answer Garden where students simply have to write in all the words they can think of related to a certain topic. For example all the words related to fruit or objects in the kitchen. A great way of brainstorming vocabulary and a huge word cloud will soon appear. I put students into groups and asked them to think of as many parts of the car that they could think of. Different group, different questions Creating an Answer Garden is very easy and remember you only need one person in each group to input the answers. One thing I experimented with was creating groups and giving each group a different question to answer around a topic. Remember to set up an Answer Garden, the teacher only needs to write in a question and press the button. The answer link is immediately available. In fact the teacher doesn t even have to write in the questions, the students can also do that. So it would be possible to have each group answering a different question around a topic and this is exactly what I did. I set up four groups and each group had a different question to answer. Each group had access to just a eller one computer to write in their answers, so each group chose one person to be the secretary. The four questions were: 1. What technologies do you use most with your students and why? 2. What are the bene its of using technology in your teaching and learning? 3. What is stopping teachers make greater use of technology in their teaching and learning? 4. What skills do young people need to develop to function in the 21 st Century workplace? At the end of the activity I got one student to stand up and present their answers to the rest of the class. I projected each group s word cloud onto the screen as one member presented their cloud to the rest of the class. Features in Answer Garden Answer Garden can be used in a whole range of situations around brainstorming and ideas generation. It has a few excellent security features too, so you can moderate posts and therefore the answers are not added to the cloud until the teacher accepts them. Another nice feature is that you can make a question password protected, so that only students with the password can access the Answer Garden. Answer Gardens can only be created for a limited time of up to one week, so the idea that it is very much about generating ideas and then using those ideas immediately, 90 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

91 TIP: Technology in practice you couldn t use it for any sort of assessment. One thing that the teachers found both bene icial but also quite dif icult is that you can only write a limited number of characters when writing an answer in Answer Garden, so participants have to be quite concise when writing their answers. Overall though, I think this is bene icial as students have to summarise their points and can t be too longwinded in their answers. You have a choice of limiting the number of characters to either 20 or 40 characters. So answers have to be well summarised. Output I have not really experimented with the outputs. You can share the answers on various devices, you can embed the answers into a blog or webpage and you can also create QR codes to access the answers. I haven t used any of these options yet. I simply projected the answers from each group onto a screen and got one member of each group to stand up and give a quick presentation about the key answers. Conclusions What I like about this tool is that it is not intrusive, it can be set up very quickly, it is an effective way of getting students to collaborate and work together. One things I have noticed about this tool and similar ones is that it tends to add more shape to a discussion. If for example I put students into groups and got them to discuss a certain topic, then often within just a minute or two the discussion starts to fade. I ind that when students have to actually input their answers and these answers are then available for other students to see, the result is they make more effort and the activities tend to go on longer. Help videos To quickly learn to use Answer Garden, you can watch this video ANGLO FILES Februar

92 TIP: Technology in practice Af Mette Præstiin Brandt. lektor i Engelsk og idræt på Gladsaxe Gymnasium. Mundtlige rettelser i skriftligt engelsk ved hjælp af iannotate I løbet af de sidste par år er jeg gået fra at rette alt i Word, til udelukkende at rette vha. app en iannotate på min ipad. I denne artikel vil jeg gerne fortælle, hvorfor det er en naturlig vej at gå, som en travl engelsklærer, der gerne vil eleverne det bedste. Overordnet set er det en tidsbesparende måde at rette på, samtidigt med at eleverne får en bedre feedback. Hvad er iannotate og hvad kræver det? Iannotate er en brugervenlig app, som giver læreren mulighed for at lave små korte lyd iler af ét minuts varighed i en tekst, ved et enkelt tryk på skærmen, der hvor man gerne vil have at lyd ilen skal sidde i opgaven. Derudover kan man på samme måde lave overstregninger i forskellige farver, skrive i hånden, indsætte videoer osv. Det eneste det kræver er en ipad, et par høretelefoner og at man har en Google Drev-konto eller Dropbox på computeren, hvor man kan gemme opgaverne, og som man så kan åbne på sin Ipad. Hvordan bruger jeg iannotate når jeg retter engelskopgaver? I stedet for at skrive kommentarer i siden af elevernes word-dokumenter, lægger jeg lyd iler direkte inde i elevernes tekst, hvor jeg enten roser dem eller kommer med forklaringer på hvorfor de har truffet et forkert valg i en sætning eller andet. Alle sproglige fejl bliver overstreget med en farvekode som f.eks. rød til grammatikfejl, gul til stavefejl og evt. en anden farvekode i kombination med en forklaring, hvis eleven f.eks. laver gentagne fejl som at blande nutid og datid sammen i et sætning. Når eleverne får opgaverne tilbage, bliver de bedt om at høre mine kommentarer og skrive dem ned, samt rette de sproglige fejl, lige som i fejlsætninger. Dette gør sig gældende lige meget om de skal lave en gena levering eller vi afslutter opgaven. Hvis der er karakter for opgaven, får de den først når dette stykke arbejde er lavet. På den måde tvinges eleverne til at høre mine kommentarer og omsætte dem til egne ord eller handling, i stedet for bare at kaste et blik på karakteren og så fortsætte uden at være blevet klogere. De får elevtid for at skrive kommentarerne ned. Hvad er de pædagogiske fordele ved mundtligt feedback? På lærersiden er det mere effektivt at give kommentarer mundtligt, da det alt andet lige er nemmere og hurtigere at sige ting end at skrive dem. Man kan derfor i langt højere grad give konstruktive rettelser fordi der bliver mere tid til at rose og forklare ting til bunds, i stedet for bare at skrive int eller misforstået. Når man får eleverne til at skrive kommentarerne ned bagefter, så får man 92 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

93 TIP: Technology in practice også mulighed for at se om de reelt har forstået de kommentarer de får, og det bliver nemmere at følge deres udvikling. Jeg spørger altid mine elever om de foretrækker at jeg retter med iannotate, eller om de hellere vil have skriftlige kommentarer, og jeg er aldrig stødt på en elev som hellere ville have skriftlige rettelser. Jeg har tilmed haft en der har sagt at hun ikke får så ondt i maven når hun får opgaver tilbage på denne måde, fordi det jo bare er mig der taler til hende. Inden jeg skrev denne artikel bad jeg mine nuværende elever om evaluere rettestrategien, og de har kommentarer som disse. En af de største fordele er nok, at man bare vha. et enkelt klik kan høre sin lærers stemme kommentere på ens opgave. Jeg kan tit blive i tvivl om, hvad der menes med skriftlige kommentarer på opgaver, men på denne måde kan det forklares ned i mindste detalje, plus man kan lytte til det lere gange. Man bliver som elev også nødt til at tage sig mere tid til at lytte til hver lyd il, end man gør, når man sidder og læser en skriftlig rettelse. Det er godt, fordi man tvinges til både at høre de dårlige ting, altså de fejl man skal rette, men også de ting man har gjort rigtigt. Værktøjet giver mulighed for at give en mere personlig tilbagemelding. Der kommer lere farver på ordene og det siger mere end bare en karakter eller nogle korte kommentarer på et stykke papir. Man forstår tingene bedre, og kritikken bliver mere konstruktiv. at det er svært at spise og tale på samme tid og man lyder sjov når man er forkølet. Mere tekniske udfordringer er at arbejdet med at uploade opgaverne er en anelse mere tidskrævende end ved almindelige word-rettelser, da ilerne bliver store og man højst kan uploade 50MB af gangen i Lectio. Dette kan man dog komme udenom ved at dele opgaverne med eleverne i Google Drev. Eleverne skal også downloade og åbne de rettede dokumenter i Adobe Reader for at kunne høre rettelserne. Alt andet lige vil jeg mene, at små udfordringer som disse ikke overskygger de fordele, som jeg ellers har beskrevet ovenfor. Den største hurdle er at man skal lære at acceptere, at man ind i mellem siger mere øh og bøh end man selv er klar over. Det kan jernes med delete-knappen, men i tidsbesparelsens navn må man også acceptere at man lyder mindre tjekket. Eleverne er meget tolerante, og kan godt lide at høre, at der er et menneske bag rettelserne! Hvad gør man, hvis man gerne vil prøve at rette på denne måde? Det er nemmere at gå i gang med, end man lige tror. Jeg har i fællesskab med min mand Kaspar Præstiin Brandt (som også retter i iannotate, men i samfundsfag, og på et andet gymnasium) lavet nedenstående vejledning til de af vores kollegaer, som gerne ville rette via mundtligt feedback. Det er en step-bystep manual, som man kan sidde med hjemme i sofaen, og når man er færdig med den, så er det bare med at kaste sig ud i at rette med iannotate. Hvilke udfordringer støder man på når man retter med iannotate? Der er de helt lavpraktiske udfordringer som, at der helst skal være stille når man retter, I manualen er der også et link til en rettet opgave, så man kan se hvordan en rettet opgave ser ud og lyder. ANGLO FILES Februar

94 TIP: Technology in practice Af Karen Skovmand Karen Skovmand er cand.mag. i Historie og Engelsk med en Master i IT. Hun har undervist i Historie og Engelsk samt HTX-faget Kommunikation og IT i mange år. Ind imellem spiller hun irsk folkemusik, skriver fantasy og passer sin hjemmeside med øvelser til engelsk udtale og grammatik. Hun er netop blevet arbejdsledig efter at 2 %-nedskæringerne slog igennem på hendes sidste arbejdsplads, Webintegratorskolen i Roskilde. Hun kan kontaktes fx via UdtaleNu eller på karen.skovmand@gmail.com, hvis man skulle have brug for et kursus i Computeren som sproglaboratorium. Udtaletræning på computeren Serendipity! stod der i mailen fra Eva Høeg fra Anglo Files. Hun var faldet over min hjemmeside ved et tilfælde, men et godt tilfælde. Om jeg ville fortælle lidt mere om den? Jo, selvfølgelig. Mit liv er en lang række af tilfælde, og nogle gange er de gode, som i tilfældet med UdtaleNu. UdtaleNu er mit hjemmelavede system til træning af engelsk udtale og grammatik ved hjælp af henholdsvis lydprogrammet Audacity og regneprogrammet Excel eller tilsvarende regneprogrammer. En vejledning til begge dele indes i slutningen af denne artikel. UdtaleNu er blevet skabt i bidder over en lang årrække, men udgangspunktet var den heldige sammenkobling af mine frustrationer som plaget engelskstuderende på Aarhus Universitet med mine erfaringer som amatørmusiker. Som ung læste og skrev jeg nemlig engelsk ubesværet og valgte derfor sproget som sidefag til mit hovedfag Historie i 80 erne. Men da jeg skulle til at tale sproget, gik det op for mig, at jeg ikke talte det så let og lydende, som ordene egentlig lød i mit hoved. Jeg bosatte mig derfor nærmest i afdelingens sproglaboratorium, hvor jeg tilbragte mange, lange timer med hovedtelefoner og tosporede kassettebånd. Jeg lyttede, indtalte, lyttede, fortvivlede, indtil det seje træk omsider gav resultat, og jeg ik en acceptabel udtale. Jeg ik også min eksamen og blev engelsklærer i gymnasieverdenen. I mange år glemte jeg alt om sproglaboratorier og kassettebånd, indtil der pludselig skete noget nyt. De åbne kilders land Det nye var internettet. Det havde selvfølgelig været der i mange år, men det blev først for alvor til noget, da Tim Berners-Lee af sin arbejdsplads CERN i Schweiz i 1989 ik lov til at lege med de ansattes computernetværk. I begyndelsen et praktisk redskab hvordan skulle man ellers inde sine kollegers telefonnummer, når de forlod den fælleseuropæiske arbejdsplads for at tage hjem til familien? Men så forærede CERN og Berners-Lee teknologien til hele verden WWW, HTML, URL osv. På ufattelig kort tid kom hjemmesider hjem til alle, og selv om jeg stadig husker hvordan nogle af mine kolleger udtrykte tvivl om, hvorvidt dette såkaldte internet nu også var kommet for at blive, var jeg selv begejstret. Noget af det jeg var mest begejstret for, var opdagelsen af Open Source, gratis programmer med åben kildekode. Berners-Lee gav 94 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

95 TIP: Technology in practice sine programmer gratis væk, og det inspirerede andre til det samme. Med internettet som fælles kontorlandskab er det pludselig nemt for små hjemmeprogrammører at arbejde sammen på store programmer, og pludselig kan deres arbejde nemt konkurrere med de professionelles. Lydprogrammet Audacity er et af disse, og det blev til min næste heldige tilfældighed. Jeg har nemlig endnu en identitet. Når jeg kan slippe afsted med det, spiller jeg irsk/skotsk folkemusik på min harmonika. Jeg har gjort det i forskellige bands og til forskellige jam sessions, men oftest alene eller langt væk fra mine medspillere. Derfor vænnede jeg mig tidligt til at optage andres musik, eller jeg optog min egen og spillede så duet med mig selv. Denne kunne jeg også indspille, for Audacity er så smart indrettet, at når man sætter programmet til at optage, afspiller det samtidig eksisterende lydspor (hvis de altså eksisterer). Bagefter lyttede jeg, fortvivlede, indspillede igen, indtil resultatet blev tilfredsstillende. På et eller andet tidspunkt serendipity må jeg have koblet handlingerne med mine oplevelser i sproglaboratoriet. I hvert fald fandt jeg et af mine gamle fonetikbånd frem, puttede det i ghettoblasteren, satte den ene ende af et lydkabel i hovedtelefon-udgangen og den anden ende i computerens mikrofonindgang, hvorefter jeg indspillede mit første lydspor. Da jeg derefter atter trykkede på optage-knappen, havde jeg mit eget sproglaboratorium. På computeren. The thirsty thoroughbreds Det tog tid og en del anstrengelser, før jeg kom videre. En del af disse anstrengelser var mit eget skifte til lærer i Kommunikation og IT på HTX, men mest handlede det om at gennempløje mine mange notater fra Fonetik og omskrive dem til et enklere sprog samt naturligvis at udtænke mine ege tongue twisters og få dem indtalt. Min barndomsvenindes britiske mand indtalte tålmodigt og nogle gange forbløffet sætninger ala The thirsty thoroughbreds thundered through the thick forest og The witches watched until the enchanted chairman had stitched their witch wigs. Venner i London og USA hjalp med yderligere indtalinger, indtil jeg begyndte at have en pæn mængde iler, der naturligvis alle skulle efterbehandles og have passende talepauser indsat. Dertil kom fejlslagne forsøg med et lokalt hjemmeside irma og forskellige hjælpeprogrammer, før jeg havde noget brugbart. Men så havde jeg også en indholdsrig hjemmeside med perspektiver. Syntes jeg da selv. Mine elever kunne også lide den, men når jeg prøvede at sælge hjemmesiden til andre, kneb det. Mine engelskkolleger roste min kreativitet, men opgav på forhånd at få teknikken til at virke. Et undervisningsforlag afviste tilbuddet om at købe hjemmesiden, idet de ikke mente at gymnasierne ville investere i headsets. Den dumme computer Måske var problemet snarere, at pengene begyndte at blive små på gymnasierne. Og så er engelsklærere undskyld måske ikke den nemmeste målgruppe for et system, der kræver computere, headsets og ikke mindst tålmodighed. It har det med at drille, og selv ikke det bedste program kan hamle op med usikre brugere og ikke-opdaterede computere. Jeg ved det, for jeg har holdt mange kurser for gymnasielærere rundt omkring, hvor jeg har prøvet at vise, hvor forholdsvist nemt det er at bruge computeren i sprogundervisningen. De leste kursister er heldigvis enige, men mange vælger den samme holdning, som jeg tit møder hos mine elever: Den dumme computer gider ikke! Men computere er sjældent dumme. De kan være gamle eller forkert opdaterede eller mangle drivere specielt de nyeste computere uden selvstændig mikro- ANGLO FILES Februar

96 TIP: Technology in practice fonindgang kan være svære at arbejde med. Men de er sjældent dumme. Excel in Grammar! Man kan kæmpe mod strømmen, eller man kan lade sig føre med den. Jeg valgte det sidste og begyndte at betragte UdtaleNu som en hobby som jeg heldigvis også kunne bruge i min egen undervisning. Mit eget bidrag til Open Source. Og her kom jeg så frem til min sidste serendipity. Som mange andre havde jeg et over ladisk kendskab til Excel, som jeg mest brugte som en avanceret regnemaskine. Helt tilfældigt opdagede jeg at programmet jo også indeholdt kontrolfunktioner, der fx holder øje med om indholdet af en celle er udfyldt korrekt. Hvad enten den er eller ikke er, træder en af programmeringens grundregler i kraft. Indholdet er enten 1 eller 0. Sandt eller falsk. Hvis sandt, gør da én ting. Hvis falsk, gør da noget andet. Et sprog kan ikke altid sættes på formel, men én type sprog kan; den grammatiske delprøve 1 i den skriftlige del af den engelske studentereksamen. Eleverne skal her afgøre om fx know eller knew er det rigtige ord i sætningen They said that they did not really him. Der er kun én mulighed. Sandt eller falsk. Excel kan ikke sprog, så derfor må programmet sammenligne med en eksisterende facitcelle, hvori der står know. Er indholdet af celle 1 = facitcellen, må den være sand. Excel skelner skarpt mellem sandhed og falskhed, men det er et tilgivende program. Tager man fejl, eller vil man begynde forfra, er det bare at slette svarcellernes indhold. Så får man lov én gang til. Bliver man ved længe nok, begynder de rigtige svar at komme automatisk. Jeg begyndte at indtaste nogle ældre eksamenstekster. A og B-delene var nogenlunde nemme. I C-delen skal der oversættes, og det giver lere svarmuligheder. At tage højde for stavefejl og manglende slutpunktum kunne slet ikke lade sig gøre. Pragmatisk tænke jeg, at eleverne stadig var bedre stillet end uden øvelserne, så jeg indtastede også disse. Endelig var der at holde facitcellerne skjult for eleverne. Der er jo ikke nogen grund til at forvirre dem. De skulle heller ikke have problemer med at slette de forkerte celler, så nogle celler skulle skrivebeskyttes, andre ikke. Disse Excelark, som jeg lidt pompøst valgte at kalde Excel in Grammar, blev nok min største succes. Eleverne kan godt lide at få lov til at arbejde lidt privat med grammatikken, samtidig med at de får omgående svar. Jeg bilder mig ind at de også klarer sig bedre til den skriftlige eksamen, eller i hvert fald slipper for den stress, der får ellers dygtige elever til pludselig at lave de særeste fejl i Delprøve 1. Hvis sandt, fortæl da eleven at det var rigtigt. Hvis falsk, fortæl da eleven hvorfor. Også dette må hentes fra en facitcelle, som heldigvis kan genbruges til mange andre fejlsætninger. Den skal være så kort som mulig af hensyn til den begrænsede plads, men samtidig nem at forstå. I sætninger med do/did står næste udsagnsord (verbum) i navnemåde (in initiv). 96 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

97 TIP: Technology in practice Og hvordan kan man så bruge det her i undervisningen? Tjah Man kan: Instruere eleverne på klassen og derefter lade dem arbejde på klassen med selvvalgte øvelser eller eventuelt derhjemme. o For lyd ilernes vedkommende kan man instruere eleverne i at eksportere deres indtaling til MP3- il (mere om dette i vejledningen) og uploade den som lektie il. Læreren lytter og indskriver kommentarer. o For grammatikdelens vedkommende kan eleverne tage et skærmbillede af resultatet og uploade dette som billed il. Bruge Audacity helt uden UdtaleNu til indspilning: o Erstatning for skriftlig a levering om et aktuelt emne: - Explain in your own words how the Russians may have manipulated the 2016 presidential election. Speak for at least 2 minutes. Upload your answer as an MP3- ile to Lectio before midnight or you ll be turned into a pumpkin! o Produktion af kort radioprogram i gruppe: - Make a short interview with Rosa Parks about why she refused to give up her bus seat to the white man yesterday - Also speak to the bus driver and ask him why he had her arrested - Upload both interviews as one MP3- ile to Lectio before midnight etc. Gå til og få mere inspiration. Øh, kom lige og hjælp! Er hyppige ord når eleverne arbejder med Audacity og udtaletræning. Men jeg kunne nu også bruge lidt hjælp. Jeg taler ikke om den diskrete donations-knap jeg har sat på hjemmesiden, for den har været for diskret til at virke. Jeg taler om lidt hjælp til lidt lere lyd iler. Indspilninger magen til de eksisterende, bare med nogle nye stemmer og helst kvindestemmer. Så hvis du sidder med sådan en god, autentisk stemme og ikke er bange for teknikken, og måske ligefrem selv tør færdigredigere lyd ilen og uploade til den wordpress-baserede hjemmeside (pærenemt, sådan da), skal du være så velkommen. Og hvis du har ideer til lere ting på hjemmesiden, er du lige så velkommen. Jeg modtager og deler gerne. Vejledningen til Audacity og UdtaleNu En længere vejledning indes på Men her er til husbehov: Installer Audacity fra Det fungerer til alle platforme. ANGLO FILES Februar

98 TIP: Technology in practice Anskaf dig et headset o De leste nyere computere har ikke selvstændig mikrofon-indgang og kræver derfor usb-headsets. o Man kan dog også købe ekstremt billige usb-konvertere på Ebay (se igur 1). De gør det muligt at anvende ældre headsets eller de billige fra Tiger. Gå til Gå til Træn Udtale. o Klik på det fonem, du vil arbejde med og vælg derefter niveau af øvelse o Find lyd ilen. - Højreklik på ilen. Hvis du kun venstreklikker, afspilles den som almindelig lyd il i browseren. Sker det, må du gå et skærmbillede tilbage og så højreklikke. - Når du har højreklikket, skal du vælge Gem destination som eller Gem link som ( igur 2 nedenfor). - Derefter skal du bare vælge gemmested på din computer. Åbn nu lyd ilen i Audacity. Klik på Indspil-knappen. o Nu optages der men det oprindelige lydspor afspilles også! o Indtal dig selv i pauserne eller samtidig med modelstemmen ( igur 3 på næste side). Hvis du vil gemme, kan du: o Enten gemme som et Audacity-projekt med Filer/Gem. o Eller eksportere til fx Wave- il med Filer/Eksporter o Eller eksportere til MP3 - MP3 tilhører ikke Open Source-programmerne, og Audacity må derfor ikke indbygge det i programmet. Den of icielle løsning er at installere et hjælpeprogram fra en tredjepart, og du får linket dertil via Audacitys hjemmeside første gang du prøver at eksportere til MP3. - Gå eventuelt til #gemme-en-lyd il-i-mp3-format hvis du har brug for mere vejledning. 98 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

99 TIP: Technology in practice Figur 3 Vejledningen til Excel in Grammar Du kan bruge Excel in Grammar på to måder. Enten ved at downloade excel- ilerne fra UdtaleNu på samme måde som lyd ilerne (højreklik og vælg Gem som). o Derefter åbner du ilen i Excel o Eller i tilsvarende (gratis) regneprogrammer, fx Google Sheets eller LibreOf ice Calc Eller ved at indtaste direkte på skærmen (følg linket på hjemmesiden). Den online del af Excel in Grammar fungerer ved hjælp af et excel-ark på en server. Det er ikke altid det fungerer så godt, så hvis det driller, skal du bare downloade. I begge tilfælde skal du indtaste dit svar i den afmærkede celle så omhyggeligt som muligt. Dvs. et mellemrum for meget vil udløse en fejl. Fejl udløser imidlertid også et facit, således at du selv kan vurdere om dit svar er rigtigt i forhold til facit. Excel in Grammar rummer rigtig mange celler med rigtig mange indtastninger. Der er derfor også rigtig mange (rigtige) fejl. Finder du en eller lere, så skriv luks til mig. ANGLO FILES Februar

100 ANMELDELSER Af Rasmus Kværndrup Andersen, lektor i engelsk og historie ved Randers HF & VUC BEING AMERICAN IDENTITY, POLITICS AND CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY Af Mette Holm Gyldendal, 2016 Sidetal: 151 Vejl. pris uden moms: 172 kr ISBN: Hvem er vi? Et politisk spørgsmål, der enten splitter eller samler Hvem er amerikanerne? Dette spørgsmål er mere aktuelt end nogensinde før, og Mette Holm forsøger at besvare det i sin bog, Being American: Identity, Politics and Contemporary Society. Holm deler sin undersøgelse af spørgsmålet op i fem kapitler: American Identity, American Government, Presidential Election, Welfare og Spanish America. Første kapitel, American Identity, er den mest omdis- 100 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

101 Anmeldelser kuterede del af spørgmålet, i mine øjne. Holm giver et meget klassisk svar ved at gennemgå de første puritanske kolonisters grunde til at søge mod den nye verden, og den første bølge af indvandrere i midten af 1800-tallet, hvoraf mange var fra Nordeuropa og Storbritannien, men også kinesere, som importeredes som arbejdskraft, og derefter den anden bølge, fra Sydeuropa. Sidstnævnte giver Holm anledning til at vise en amerikansk racisme i regeringens holdning til indvandrere, ved favorisering af nordeuropæiske indvandrere efter år I lighed med andre, der beskæftiger sig med migration, opremser Holm de såkaldte push- og pull-faktorer for indvandrere til USA: Push-faktorerne er religiøs forfølgelse, ressourceknaphed og følgelig hungersnød, samt politiske kon likter. Indvandrerens længsel svarer til amerikanernes egen, og derfor går Holm videre til at beskrive Frederick Jackson Turners Frontier -begreb: længslen mod vest, og befolkningen af landet som katalysator for den økonomiske udvikling, og motivationsfaktorerne er ressourcer, frihed til selvbestemmelse og selvforsyning. Selvforsyningen giver en naturlig anledning til at inkludere Thoreaus Walden i bogen: forsøget på at komme tilbage til et enklere, mere ua hængigt liv. Søgen efter frihed fremhæves som særlig amerikansk, og følgelig gennemgår Holm derfor de rettigheder, traditionen og loven giver amerikaneren: Ua hængighedserklæringen og the Bill of Rights. Holm forsøger derefter at opstille de amerikanske idealer i en tabel og går videre til presset på de idealer, med først nutiden, med terrorismens udfordringer, hvorefter der ses på de udfordringer, der har været for den amerikanske selvopfattelse gennem tiden, primært krige og økonomisk krise (herunder er der et udmærket afsnit om Depressionen). Andet kapitel forklarer eleverne, hvordan den amerikanske lovgivningsproces fungerer, forbundsregeringens organer og magtens tredeling, og deraf delstaternes rettigheder. De mest kontroversielle emner i amerikansk politik gennemgås, lobbyismens magt samt medierne. Kapitlet slutter med et sæt glimrende arbejdsspørgsmål, både til a klaring og debat. De to dominerende politiske partiers holdninger og vælgerpro iler gemmes til tredje kapitel om præsidentvalget, som er bogens mest presserende og aktuelle indhold, men naturligvis også dens svage punkt, udviklingens hast og uforudsigelighed taget i betragtning. Tredje kapitel gennemgår de særegne betingelser for det amerikanske præsidentvalg: vælgerregistrering, kampagnestrategi og fund raising, primærvalgene, lertalsvalg i enkeltmandskredse og valgmandskollegiet. En af de største udfordringer ved at skulle forklare amerikansk politik for eleverne er den pudsige omstændighed, at Republikanerne tog deres begyndelse som et revolutionært svar på Demokraternes nærmest konservative insisteren på staternes forrang over forbundsstaten, særligt i slaveri-spørgsmålet. Dette gjorde Demokraterne solide i Syden, hvor det omvendte gør sig gældende i dag, med Republikanerne som et parti for Syden og Midtvesten og Demokraterne som et parti for nordstaterne, østkysten og de større byer, hvilket bogen redegør glimrende for. Kapitlet indledes med en artikel om Hillary Clinton, som besynger hendes fordele i valgkampen, men et af arbejdsspørgmålene er nærmest profetisk, læst i bagklogskabens ulideligt klare lys: Only two parties dominate the political scene in the USA. What are the consequences of this? En af de tydeligste konsekvenser er naturligvis partiernes opdeling i fraktioner, og bogen redegør også glimrende for den tiltagende polarising og for amerikanernes dobbelte politiske spektrum: Man kan være socialt liberal ANGLO FILES Februar

102 Anmeldelser og tilhænger af offentligt forbrug, eller man kan være socialt konservativ og modstander af offentligt forbrug, eller en anden kombination. Polariseringen gør dog, at økonomisk konservatisme snart er parallel med social konservatisme, hvilket bogen viser er en kim fra 1990 erne, der spirer frem og blomstrer under Obama, i form af Tea Party-bevægelsen. Denne bevægelse gives også sin plads i fremstillingen, men Trumps sejr giver naturligvis en følelse af, at populismen skulle have været en mere prominent del af bogen. Dette tror jeg dog kan siges om mange bøger om amerikansk politisk skrevet før 8. november, Populisme fødes som regel af økonomisk krise, og derfor er det passende, at jerde kapitel helliges velfærdssystemet, der jo var tænkt som et svar på økonomisk krise, og hvis skranten i mine øjne er årsagen til de rørte vande, her såvel som i USA. Kapitlet Welfare dækker både socialforsorg, sygehusvæsen og uddannelsessystem, og kortlægger forskellene mellem den amerikanske og den skandinaviske velfærdsmodel. På trods af, at den danske velfærdsstat er væsentligt større end den amerikanske, viser bogen, at der i USA foregår en diskussion, som vi kender: gabet mellem antallet af skatteydere og antallet af brugere af velfærdsydelser. Gennemgangen af de mange begrænsninger, der er på ydelserne i USA sammenlignet med den universelle model, og særligt afsnittet om inansieringen af uddannelse, vil virke som en kraftig øjenåbner for eleverne. Emnerne kan give mange muligheder for diskussion, og endog for tværfaglige projekter sammen med samfundsfag. Bogen afsluttes med et afsnit om Spanish America: Dette ville jeg måske have sat i forlængelse af afsnittet om præsidentvalget, hvis jeg havde arbejdet med materialet op til valget, i betragtning af den rolle, mange spåede at the latino vote ville spille. Spådomme viste sig dog at have meget begrænset værdi, og man kan selvfølgelig arrangere gennemgangen af stoffet, som man vil. Bogens gennemgående analyse af den spansktalende minoritets situation i USA er, at gruppen halter efter resten af befolkning, både hvad angår uddannelse, helbred og juridiske rettigheder, særligt på grund af dens status som arbejdskraftressource for USA gennem papirløs indvandring. Havde jeg et fremmeligt hold, ville jeg måske se på imperialisme-teori her, mens jeg over for et mere gennemsnitligt hold ville se på kulturforskelle og vise dem stoffet gennem statistikkerne, hvilket for nogle er lettere end at læse en masse tekst. Det sidste er noget, bogen generelt giver god mulighed for med sine mange tabeller. 102 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

103 Anmeldelser Af Rasmus Kværndrup Andersen, lektor i engelsk og historie ved Randers HF & VUC GLOBAL VOICES Af Ulla Rahbek Gyldendal, 2016 Sidetal: 200 Vejl. pris uden moms: 169 kr ISBN: Identitet er politik, politik er identitet Bogen Global Voices af Ulla Rahbek vil tilsyneladende noget så udfordrende som at introducere eleverne for identitetspolitik: Den måde, menneskers ophav, eller seksuelle orientering, former deres valg, politiske såvel som sociale og kulturelle. Kritikere af identitetspolitikkens repræsentanter anklager ofte disse for tribalisme: stammementalitet og skadelig optagethed af egne særkender. Bogens udvalg af litteratur viser dog, at dette er et spørgsmål om styrkeforhold. Uddragene kredser i mange tilfælde om behovet for at forsvare sit særkende som minoritet over for et lertals overmagt, eller et forsøg på at tilpasse sig lertallet. Bogen er delt i 12 kapitler: 11 tema-kapitler med 2 tekster i hvert kapitel fulgt af arbejdsspørgmål, hvilket overlader en 12. sektion til noget så prisværdigt som en vejledning til underviseren. Denne er en fordel, da teksterne holder et højt niveau, men samtidig er det en nyskabelse, at hvert tema som sagt kun udgøres af to tekster, hvilket giver rum til grundig tekstanalyse. Bogens arbejdsspørgsmål indeholder også billedmateriale, hvilket er godt for den nye eksamensform; lige så god er den sektion med speci ikke fagudtryk, som er i hvert tema, ikke mindst i de tilfælde, hvor der er tale om poesi. Personligt opdagede jeg ved gennemgangen af bogen, hvor forholdsvist vanetænkende jeg har været i mit valg af litteratur. Udvalget indeholder kinesiske, vietnamesiske, afrikanske og caribiske repræsentanter, regioner som har været skammeligt underrepræsenterede i min undervisning. Jeg har haft en tendens til at fokusere på de områder, der har været direkte koloniseret af engelsktalende lande i min undervisning. Således har bogen givet mig et mål for det nye år. Bogen indeholder historier om nyankomne indvandrere i et nyt land, der sender penge hjem, sproget, tøjet og det personlige udtryk som selvfor- ANGLO FILES Februar

104 Anmeldelser svar i form af creolisering eller subkultur; det, Orwell kaldte transferred nationalism, i forbindelse med fodboldklubber; integration samt mere abstrakte temaer som selve ideen om hjemmet, kollektiv og individuel erindring, de store fortællinger, altså ideologierne i det 20. århundrede. Mange temaer og anvendelsesmuligheder, men overskueligt præsenteret. Noget andet glimrende ved det, at der er to tekster i hvert tema, er, at de ofte taler med eller mod hinanden, som eksempelvis i kapitlet The Afropolitan, hvor en tilhænger og en modstander af en identitetspolitisk markør (det at betegne sig som afropolitisk) skriver op mod hinanden. Jeg vil klart anbefale bogens litteratur, og især dens teori-sektioner. Personligt vil jeg nok tage et eller lere kapitler ud af bogen, enten for at bruge dem i forløb, hvor de allerede passer ind, eller for at bygge et nyt forløb op om et tema i et bestemt kapitel. Tematisk spreder bogen sig meget, men det er dens styrke, da det opfordrer underviseren til at improvisere. Nationalfølelse og kultur fylder meget i debatten i dag, samtidig med at presset på nationalstaterne aldrig har været større. Bogen leverer således et int, nuanceret indlæg i en debat, der allerede foregår ganske højlydt, og derfor vil den også vække eleverne. Af Vibeke Toft Jørgensen, lektor i engelsk og dansk på Hjørring Gymnasium SOM I ET SPEJL SYV MARKANTE KVINDESKIKKELSER I LITTERATUREN Af Lise Lotte Frederiksen Akademisk Forlag, 2016 Sidetal: 207 Pris: 299,95 kr ISBN-13: Det er litteraturens kendemærke, at den når den er bedst viser en særlig indsigt i det menneskelige. Holder et spejl op for os og fortæller os, hvem vi er. (Som i et spejl, s. 186) 104 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017 Her er tale om en på mange måder iøjnefaldende bog. Forsiden prydes af et farverigt Morris mønster, og på en spejlmat, halvt gennemsigtig hvid baggrund står titlen: Som i et spejl syv markante kvindeskikkelser i litteraturen. Bogen indeholder en anden form for litteraturkritik, end man normalt inder i hvert fald i gymnasiesammenhæng, nemlig en gennemgang af en række kendte værker med et eksistentielt sigte: at gøre læseren klogere på både litteratur og sig selv. >

105 Anmeldelser ANGLO FILES Februar

106 Anmeldelser 7 kvindeskikkelser fra 7 bøger behandles i bogens 7 essays efter en indledning, der angiver forfatterens litteratursyn. Lise Lotte Frederiksen er inspireret af Harold Bloom, fordi, som hun skriver, han er en gavmild læser. Han sætter litteraturen i centrum! (side 17). Bogen afrundes med overvejelser over de syv kvinde igurer de 7 heltinder og overvejelser over, hvad litteraturen kan give læseren. Som det fremgår af undertitlen, er Lise Lotte Frederiksen først og fremmest interesseret i personerne, ikke primært i plot (men er dog så hensynsfuld ikke at afsløre for meget i gennemgangen af Ekmans krimiplot). Vi møder Julie fra Shakespeares Romeo og Julie, Elizabeth fra Jane Austens Stolthed og fordom, Ida fra Herman Bangs Ludvigsbakke, Jakobe fra Pontoppidans Lykke-Per, Clarissa fra V. Woolfs Mrs Dalloway, Pellegrina fra Karen Blixens Drømmerne og endelig Annie fra Kerstin Ekmans Hændelser ved vand. Valget er altså faldet på tre engelske forfattere: William Shakespeare, Jane Austen og Virginia Woolf, tre danske: Herman Bang, Henrik Pontoppidan, Karen Blixen, og en svensk, Kerstin Ekman og perioden spænder helt fra 1500-tallet til vores tid. Som man vil bemærke, er der tre mandlige og ire kvindelige forfattere, og der er altså ikke tale om en bog, der primært fokuserer på kvindelitteratur i betydningen bøger skrevet af kvinder. Det, disse tilsyneladende vidt forskellige tekster har til fælles, er et rigt og nuanceret litterært sprog, spændende kvindeskikkelser og kærlighedstemaer, der udspiller sig vidt forskelligt. Man kan læse bogens essays ua hængigt af hinanden og i den rækkefølge, man vil. Et af de ineste essays er efter min opfattelse Som et bølgeslag om Clarissa Dalloway i Virginia Woolfs roman: Mrs Dalloway (1925). Her udfoldes de mange facetter af Clarissa Dalloways personlighed, og romanens tematisering af krigens konsekvenser drages frem. Det er nærlæsning, når den er bedst. Det sidste kapitel i bogen giver et bud på, hvad litteraturens "heltinder" kan. Budskabet er, at litteraturen og det litterære sprog kan noget unikt: Åbne os for nye sammenhænge i et sprog, vi ikke har hørt før. Få os til at blive grebet og begribe os selv. Blive bedre til at se (side 194). Bogen er nok ikke en, man køber i klassesæt til sin skole, men den er en fornøjelse at læse og blive klogere på og er man i en læsekreds, er det oplagt at bruge et eller lere af bogens essays i den sammenhæng. 106 ANGLO FILES Februar 2017

107 ADRESSER ENGELSKLÆRERFORENINGENS BESTYRELSE: Bodil Hohwü Nielsen, formand (Risskov Gymnasium) H. Pontoppidansgade 32, 2.th., 8000 Aarhus C Tlf bh@risskov-gym.dk Colin Cessford (Allerød Gymnasium) Masten 26, 3070 Snekkersten Tlf c_cessford@hotmail.com Anette Damm Scheuer (Virum Gymnasium), Cedervangen 83, 3450 Allerød, Tlf as@edu.virum-gym.dk Stig Lægdsgaard Madsen (VUC Odense) Haugstedgade 13, 5000 Odense C Tlf.: / slm@vucfyn.dk Bodil Aase Frandsen (Esbjerg Gymnasium & HF) Danmarksgade 59, 6700 Esbjerg Tlf bodil.aase.frandsen@skolekom.dk Birthe Marie Lund (Odder Gymnasium) Alpevej 14, 8300 Odder Tlf.: lu@odder-gym.dk Anders Mark Andersen (Frederikshavn Gymnasium & HF) Højrupsvej 18, 9900 Frederikshavn Tlf.: aa@frhavn-gym.dk SUPPLEANTER TIL BESTYRELSEN Lise Fossø (Fredericia Gymnasium) Åbakken 6, 5250 Odense lf@fredericia-gym.dk. Peter Madsen (Gefi on Gymnasium), Snorregade 6. 1.tv., 2300 København S Tlf , pma@gefi on-gym.dk REGIONSSEKRETÆRER For opdateret liste se hjemmesiden: Region 1, Nordjylland Birgitte Wernberg-Møller (Morsø Gymnasium) Rolstrupparken 46, 7900 Nykøbing Mors birgitte.wernberg@skolekom.dk Region 2, Aarhus Bodil Hohwü Nielsen (Risskov Gymnasium) Kontakt: Aarhus Universitet H. Pontoppidansgade 32, 2. th., 8000 Århus C Tlf / bh@risskov-gym.dk Eva Borchorst Mejnertz (barsel) (Aarhus Katedralskole) Klokkerfaldet 57, 8210 Aarhus V Tlf.: em@akat.dk Region 3, Ringkøbing Posten er vakant. Region 4, Vejle Finn Agger (Tørring Gymnasium) Ormslevbakkevej 25, 8260 Viby Tlf fa@toerring-gym.dk Region 5, Sydvestjylland Janet Furtado (Tønder Gymnasium) Fennevej Tønder Tlf.: jf@toender-gym.dk Region 6, Sydøstjylland Dorte Rafn Christensen (Aabenraa Gymnasium og HF) Barsøvej 3, Løjt, 6200 Aabenraa Tlf dorte.rafn.christensen@skolekom.dk Bianca Sauer (Sønderborg Statsskole) Søndergade 18, 6400 Sønderborg Tlf: Bi@statsskolen.dk Region 7, Fyn Lisbet Geerthsen (HF & VUC FYN) Kottesgade 6-8, 5000 Odense C Tlf lge@vucfyn.dk Eva Pors (Midtfyns Gymnasium) Hallingager 27, 5750 Ringe Tlf: ep@mfg.dk Region 8, Vestsjælland og Storstrøm Diana Stråsø Kjær (Køge Gymnasium) Steinmannsvej 19, 4600 Køge Tlf kgdt@kggym.dk Region 9, Roskilde Posten er vakant. Region 10, Frederiksborg Mette Grønvold (Egedal Gymnasium og HF) Solvangsvej 36, 2600 Glostrup Tlf mg-ef@post6.tele.dk Mirela Musinovic (Egedal Gymnasium) Tlf: mire0002@egegym.dk Region 11, Hovedstadsområdet og Bornholm Rikke Bach Larsen (Borupgaard Gymnasium) Schweizerdalstien 27, 2610 Rødovre Tlf rbach74@gmail.com Pernille Holm Stampesgade 5, 4.tv., 1702 København V Tlf ph@rysensteen.dk FAGKONSULENT: Hanne Kær Pedersen Hesselgade 7, 5800 Nyborg Tlf.: , Direkte Tlf.: Fax: , hanne.kaer.pedersen@uvm.dk ANGLO FILES Februar

108 Afsender: Anglo Files, Engelsklærerforeningen, c /o Dansklærerforeningens Hus, Rathsacksvej 7, 1862 Frederiksberg

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