one Kun salg ved direkte kontakt mellem skole og forlag. Kopiering er u-økonomisk og forbudt til erhvervsformål. Indhold Forord

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1 Kun salg ved direkte kontakt mellem skole og forlag. Kopiering er u-økonomisk og forbudt til erhvervsformål. Indhold Side Emne(r) 1 Indhold 2-3 The United Kingdom and Eire 4-5 Going to England/The sights of London 6-7 The Secret of Loch Ness (to be i nutid/datid) 8 To be i førnutid og førdatid 9 Do you love school 10 To have i nutid og datid 11 To have i førnutid og førdatid Getting about in London 14 Navneord I - ubestemt artikel 15 Navneord I - bestemt artikel 16 Ordstilling 17 Names of animals 18 Navneord II - regelmæssige 19 Navneord II - uregelmæssige 20 Test your knowledge 21 Activity page I Nutid - simpel tid og udvidet tid 24 Stonehenge 25 Rhyming, Family puzzle 26 Datid - simpel og udvidet tid 27 Nutid og datid - simpel tid og udvidet tid Fremtid 31 Death and Destruction in the British Garden The fire of London Præpositioner Præpositioner I - tidspræpositioner 37 Præpositioner II - bevægelsespræpositioner 38 Præpositioner III - stedspræpositioner 39 Activity page II Uregelmæssige udsagnsord I Ejefald Uregelmæssige udsagnsord II 46 Activity page III Tillægsord 49 Adjective test Uregelmæssige udsagnsord 52 Grammatiske udtryk Ordliste Forord Step five er en fortsættelse af de foregående hæfter og bygger videre på temaer, grammatik og ordvalg herfra. Hæftet, der ikke knytter sig til noget bestemt system, er udarbejdet således, at opgaverne i mange tilfælde umiddelbart kan løses af eleven selvstændigt, men nogle gange vil en kort forklaring være nødvendig, afhængig af klasse og trin. Stjernesymbolet * har tre funktioner. På nogle sider angiver antallet af stjerner opgavernes sværhedsgrad, andre steder henviser stjernesymbolet til fodnoter. Endelig, som noget helt nyt, kan * ved grammatiske udtryk fortælle eleven, at den efterfølgende latinske eller engelske betegnelse skal skrives ind i skemaet på side 52. Når hele hæftet er gennemarbejdet, burde man således have en samlet oversigt over danske, engelske og latinske grammatikudtryk. Nederst på samtlige sider er der et gråt felt, som kan anvendes til repetition af mængdetallene samt månedernes navne. Eventuelt kan man også anføre en dato, hvis man ønsker den eller de pågældende sider som lektie. God arbejdslyst Peter Rentsch one 1

2 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The English language has some 350 million native speakers worldwide, and is the second language for at least another billion. The British Isles is the geographical name that includes all the islands, lying off the western coast of Europe. The United Kingdom (UK) is the political name for Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Ulster). Britain is the general name we use when we talk about the nation as a whole. Great Britain is the largest of these islands and consists of: England, Scotland and Wales. Remember! The Republic of Ireland (Eire) is an independent republic, which has nothing to do with the United Kingdom. Fill in the lines as shown. Words to be used. England Wales Northern Ireland Britain Scotland Ireland Irish British Welsh Irish/British English Scots I m from Ireland. I m from Wales. I m Irish. I m Welsh. I m from Nothern Ireland. I m Irish/British I m from Scotland. I, Scots. I m from Britain. I m British. Lets s do it: Step five 2

3 Write the correct names from the list below on the lines The Atlantic Ocean Eire England The English Channel France The North Sea Northern Ireland Scotland Wales Belfast Birmingham Brighton Dover Dublin Edinburgh Glasgow Hull Liverpool London Manchester Newcastle Plymouth Swansea Towns: Dover Brighton London Plymouth Swansea Birmingham Liverpool Manchester Hull Newcastle Edinburgh Glasgow Belfast Dublin Place names: The North Sea rance The English Channel The Atlantic Ocean Wales England Scotland Eire Northern Ireland

4 Going to England - London Now, read the text and fill in the missing words from the list ways There are three to get to England: by air, by sea or by tunnel. You can cross the British Channel by boat or hovercraft from the mainland Airport Channel rance. You can fly to England, and probably you ll land at London - Heathrow or Gatwick. Maybe you want to cross the through the from to England. But whether you arrive by boat, train, plane or you have to go customs decide through where they might your passport. You can to go through the green, which declare car tunnel check exit means, that you have nothing to. Airport car Channel France check customs decide declare exit mainland tunnel ways The sights of London Fill in the correct name of sight corresponding to the description and the picture. Work in pairs. Maybe you have to go to the library. 1. The Sunday platform for free speech. 2. The Prime Minister lives at no 10. (Chancellor of the Exchequer (Minister of Finance) lives at no 11). 3. The buildings include the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 4. The enormous church was founded in 1065 and many British monarchs have been crowned there. 5. This Church of England in London was designed by the British architect Sir Christopher Wren and constructed between 1675 and Many famous Englishmen are buried there. 6. The Queen s London home. The Changing of the Guards takes place outside this place every day at a.m. (Earlier on Sundays). 7. The famous British Admiral Nelson stands on this column. 8. One of London s most famous features is the name of the clocktower s 13-tonne bell. It was named after Sir Benjamin Hall who had it built. 9. The castle was originally built by William I after the Norman Conquest in Today it is a museum and the home of the British crown jewels. 10. The famous bridge in London. 4 Lets s do it: Step five

5 Buckingham Palace Downing Street The Houses of Parliament Trafalgar Square Tower Bridge Westminster Abbey St. Paul s Cathedral Speaker s Corner Tower of London Big Ben 9 Tower of London 4. St. Paul s Cathedral 6. Buckingham Palace 3. The Houses of Parliament 10. Tower Bridge 1. Speaker s Corner 5. Westminster Abbey 2. Downing Street 7. Trafalgar Square 8. Big Ben 5

6 Scottish Daily Express, 9 June To be in the *present and in the *past. Monstery Fish in Scottish Loch New Sightings in Loch Ness A monster fish which for years has been somewhat of a mystery in Loch Ness was reported to have been seen at ort Augustus. A man... The mysterious monster in Loch Ness at Urguhart Castle. ental 1. person I am 2. person you are 3. person he is flertal she it is is 1. person we are 2. person you are 3. person they are to be i nuti d jeg er du/de er han er hun er den/det er vi er I er de er ental 1. person I was 2. person you were 3. person he was flertal she it was was 1. person we were 2. person you were 3. person they were to be i datid jeg var du/de var han var hun var den/det var vi var I var de var Everybody s Magazine, 21 February Pre-historic monster in Loch Ness Mr Campbell to our reporter: The early morning mist was clearing fast as I came out of my cottage on the banks of Loch Ness. It was an early morning. Then as the mist slowly disappeared under the warm sunlight I witnessed the most incredible sight I have seen in my forty years as a water bailiff on Scotland s biggest loch. Something rose from the water like a monster of pre-historic times, measuring a full thirty feet from tip to tail. This event... Fill in the correct form of to be in the present and in the past. Match the first part of the sentence with the second part of the sentence. Draw lines as shown. is 1. Loch Ness one of a chain lakes remarkably large. 2. The Loch itself formed to have seen the monster. is was 3. Loch Ness many reportings again. 4. Over the centuries there many sightings. was is 5. St. Columba the first to mention Nessie. was were 6. This person also the one who introduced many years ago When a modern road was built along the shore of the Loch, there in the Highlands of Scotland. 8. Modern interest enormous especially during the tourist season. 9. Today scientists often Christianity to Scotland. are is are were 10. They among people who claim the monster in the 8th century. 11. The monster s pet name in the area. Lets s do it: Step five

7 1. Loch Ness er en sø, som ligger i Skotland. Write in English 2. Langs søen var der i gamle dage landsbyer. 3. Der er også landsbyer i dag, især på nordøstbredden. 4. Loch Ness er bemærkelsesværdig stor. 5. Søen er omkring 36 km lang. 6. Nogle steder er Loch Ness 230 m dyb. 7. I det 8. århundrede skrev St. Columba for første gang om uhyret. 8. Urguhart Castle ligger på vestbredden af søen. 9. I gamle dage var der mange mennesker på slottet. 10. I dag er slottet ubeboet. 11. I turistsæsonen er der mange mennesker i området. 12. Nogle siger, at der er et uhyre nede i vandet. 1. Loch Ness is a lake wich is situated in Scotland. 2. Along the lake there were villages in the past. There are also villages today.../there are villages today too, 3. especially on the Northern East bank. 4. Loch Ness is remarkably large. 5. The lake is about 36 km long. 6. At some places Loch Ness is 230 m deep. 7. In the 8th century St. Columba wrote about the monster for the first time. 8. Urguhart Castle is situated on the Western bank of the lake. 9. In the past there were many people on the castle. 10. Today the castle is uninhabited. 11. In the tourist season there are many people in the area. 12. Somebody says that there is a monster down in the water. CROSSWORD måske hjort skak A U D I E N C E b ro B R I D G E fi k G O T R E C a tten E I G H T E E N ogs å A L S O brug e øj e be n hend e P E R H A P S S D U a rm hr. hængte rejsende rotte jeg dø hav tænkte publikum ledning H A I A O I E havde H pludselig O B S U D D E N L Y H U N G A R M L S Y E E H æ g frug t T R A V E L L E R E E G R U I T S guld lufthavn 7

8 To be i førnutid og førdatid To be in the *perfect and in the *pluperfect ental 1. person I have been 2. person you have been 3. person he has been flertal she it has has been been 1. person we have been 2. person you have been 3. person they have been to be i førnuti d Fill in to be in the perfect jeg har været du/de har været han har været hun har været den/det har været vi har været I har været de har været ental 1. person I had been 2. person you had been 3. person he had been 1. Further sightings in the 15th century interesting. 2. In the 1930s, there a lot of local people who claimed to have seen the monster. 3. The Loch like a magnet to frauds and cranks. 4. Almost all the more spectacular photographs fakes. 5. Less easy to discount a brief 16-mm film. has have has been been flertal 6. It almost all over the world. had been to be i førdati d jeg havde været du/de havde været han havde været 7. The pictures of a fast-moving hump like a draw to Scotland. she it had been 1. person we had been 2. person you had been 3. person they had been have been has been been have been have been hun havde været den/det havde været vi havde været I havde været de havde været Mr Campell claims to have seen the monster eighteen times. Fill in to be in the pluperfect 1. The film cuttings a try to prove the existence of the monster. 2. In connection with the many sightings there a lot of tourists in the Loch Ness area. Does Nessie exist? What do you think? had been a) Nessie definitely exists. b) Nessie might exist. c) People who believe that Nessie exists are mad. d) For the moment the most reasonable verdict on the Loch Ness monster is not proven. had been I think that Lets s do it: Step five 8

9 Ingen facit på denne side 9

10 To have i nutid og datid To have in the present and in the past. ental 1. person I have 2. person you have 3. person he has flertal she it has has 1. person we have 2. person you have 3. person they have to have i nuti d jeg har du/de har han har hun har den/det har vi har I har de har ental Fill in the correct form of to have in the present and in the past have 1. Today I a lot of things to do in my garden. 2. Mr Clinton s wife also a lot to do. 3. Mr Clinton and mrs Clinton many plans for their new house today. had have 4. Last year they a nice garden. 5. But now they some dogs and they have spoilt the garden totally. 6. Last summer one of the dogs puppies. have have 7. Now the puppies some old bones on the lawn. 8. We plan to the whole area asphalted, the family said. 9. The municipal authorities no comment on this idea. 10. But the local newspaper another solution to the problem. 11. Why don t they move to another municipality and leave us alone, we already a lot of problems, one of the reporters said. 1. person I had 2. person you had 3. person he had flertal has have to have i datid Write in English 1. Jeg havde mine bolde og min cykel i vores lille garage sidste år. 2. Nu har vi en bil, så mine forældre har brug for pladsen. 3. Bilen er blå og har fire døre. 4. Den gamle bil var en Ford. 5. Den havde ingen radio eller air bag. 6. I dag har min onkel og tante en japansk bil. jeg havd e du/de havd e han havd e 1. she it had had 1. person we had 2. person you had 3. person they had had have has hun havd e den/det havd e vi havd e I havd e de havd e have I had my balls and my bike in our small/little garage last year. 10 Now we have a car so my parents need the room. The car is blue and has four doors. The old car was a ord. It had no radio or airbag. Today my uncle and aunt have a Japanese car Lets s do it: Step five

11 To have i førnutid og førdatid To have in the perfect and in the pluperfect ental 1. person I have had 2. person you have had 3. person he has had flertal she it has Fill in the correct form of to have in the perfect 1. The family the car since The son in the family many model cars. 3. Some of his best friends also some model aeroplanes. 4. Mrs Clinton the same car for almost eleven years. 5. Their neighbour never a car. 6. The Queen of Denmark a Rolls Royce. Write in English to have i førnuti d has had had 1. person we have had 2. person you have had 3. person they have had jeg har haft du/de har haft han har haft hun har haft den/det har haft vi har haft I har haft de har haft ental 1. person I had had 2. person you had had 3. person he had had flertal Rewrite the sentences from above in the pluperfect she it had had had had 1. person we had had 2. person you had had 3. person they had had has had has had have also has had has had has had to have i førdati d jeg havde haft du/de havde haft han havde haft hun havde haft den/det havde haft vi havde haft I havde haft de havde haft 1. The family had had the car since The son in the family had had many model cars. 3. Some of his best friends had also had some model aeroplanes. 4. Mrs Clinton had had the same car for almost eleven years. 5. Their neighbour had never had a car. 6. The Queen of Denmark had had a Rolls Royce. 1. Dronning Margrethe har haft mange kjoler, som hun brugte ved fester. 2. Dronningens mor har også haft mange kjoler. 3. Den kongelige familie havde haft mange smykker, som de havde arvet. 4. Dronningen og prinsen har haft mange gæster til deres sølvbryllup. 5. Alle gæsterne havde haft en dejlig aften. 1. Queen Margrethe has had many dresses which she used at parties. 2. The Queen s mother has also had many dresses./...has had many dresses, too. 3. The Royal amily had had many ornaments which they had inherited. 4. The Queen and the Prince have had many guests at their silver wedding. 5. All the guests had had a nice evening. 11

12 Getting about in London Ingen facit på denne side 12 Lets s do it: Step five

13 Words and phrases Excuse me, can you tell me the way to... Go up/down this street... Turn right/left... At the corner... Cross the bridge... Opposite the... Next to the... Past the... After the next turning... Before the traffic lights... Is it far...? Go straight along... Go through the first/second traffic lights... until... Roundabout. Zebra crossing. Example: Follow the instructions and find out where you have come to: You start in front of Tate Gallery. Go up Millbank until you come to Horseferry Road. Turn right here, cross Lambeth Bridge, and continue along Lambeth Road. Turn right at Lambeth High St. The place you are looking for is situated at the corner of Lambeth High St. and Old Paradise St. Lambeth Recreation Ground The name of the place is: Now it is your turn to guide a stranger to five different places in London. Write the instructions on the lines below and remember each time to start at Tate Gallery Destination: Florence Nightingale Mus*. Instruction: You start in front of Tate Gallery. Go up Millbank until you come to Great George St. Turn right and cross Westminster Bridge. Continue at the street and pass South Bank Lion. Turn right at Lambeth Palace, and the place you are looking for is situated on your right hand. (*Situated between Waterloo Station and St. Thomas Hospital). Destination: Downing Street no. 10. Instruction: You start in front of Tate Gallery. Go up Millbank until you come to the Great George St. Continue straight ahead at Parliament St. The second road on your left hand is Downing Street. So turn down this road, and the place you are looking for is situated on your right hand. Destination: Buckingham Palace. Instruction: You start in front of Tate Gallery. Go down Millbank until you come to Bessborough Gdns. Turn right at Vauxhall Bridge Road. Continue until you come to Victoria St. Turn left and when you come to Palace Road, turn right. When you come to Buckingham Gate, the place you are looking for is situated on your left hand. Destination: Trafalgar Square. Instruction: You start in front of Tate Gallery. Go up Millbank and continue straight ahead at Parliament St. and Whitehall. The place you are looking for is situated by the end of Whitehall. Destination: Westminster Cathedral. Instruction: You start in front of Tate Gallery. Go down Millbank until you come to Bessborough Gdns. Turn right at Vauxhall Bridge Road and continue until you come to rancis Street. Turn tight and after the second street on your left hand, you find the place you are looking for. 13

14 Navneord I - den ubestemte artikel Nouns 1. Navneord kan betegne: levende væsener ting begrebe r 2. Navneord kan inddeles i: egennavne fællesnavne blomst skib kærlighe d Malene bloms t abe by ondskab Snekkersten skib fugl søm glæd e Øresund kærlighe d 3. Fællesnavne kan inddeles i : 4. Navneord, som kan tælles eller ikke tælles: f ælleskøn (n-ord) intetkøn (t-ord ) en en en bloms t dreng abe et et et skib navn dyr tællelige stol bord pige navneord u-tællelige navneord smør mælk sukker Den ubestemte *artikel eller *kendeord, på engelsk *indefinite article. Et tælleligt navneord har en entalsform og en flertalsform. I sætningen I see a boy and some girls er boy og girls ubestemte, man ved ikke præcis, hvem de er. Disse ubestemte former findes både i ental og flertal. Den artikel, man sætter foran for at danne den ubestemte form i ental, kaldes den ubestemte artikel. Fx a policeman, a pupil and a queen. Udfyld skemaerne Men den ubestemte artikel kan også være an. Når ordet efter den ubestemte artikel udtales med en vokallyd i starten, hedder det an. Vokallydene er a, e, i, o, og u. Fx an eye, an honest boy and an ice. Udfyld nu skemaerne med de rigtige ubestemte artikler - a eller an. 14 English apple an a night an an actor a a young man a an officer a an egg a a policeman old man bear word lovely evening barn et æble en nat Danis h en gammel mand en skuespiller en bjørn en ung mand et ord en officer en dejlig aften et æg en lade en politimand English an interview an a green apple an an empty basket a an address a an ear a an hour a evening open window mountain ticket school wardrobe Danis h et interview en aften et grønt æble et åbent vindue en tom kurv et bjerg en adresse en billet et øre en skole en time et klædeskab Lets s do it: Step five

15 Navneord I - den bestemte artikel I sætningen The girl and the boys are at school er the girl og the boys i bestemt form, fordi man tænker på nogle ganske bestemte personer. Disse former findes både i ental (latin *singularis/engelsk *singular) og flertal (latin *pluralis/engelsk *plural). Den bestemte artikel kaldes the. Den bestemte artikel the kan udtales på to måder, men kun skrives på én måde. Når det efterfølgende ord udtales med en konsonantlyd (alle lyde, der ikke er vokallyde), udtales the [ ], fx the cow. Når det efterfølgende ord udtales med en vokallyd, udtales the [ ], fx the apple. Udfyld de tomme felter med [ ], hvis ordet udtales med en konsonantlyd, og [ ], hvis ordet udtales med en vokallyd. 1. The girl wants to know the address. 5. The old man went to town. 2. The angry teacher went red in her face. 6. The open window is broken. 3. All the pupils watched the football match. 7. The young girl played football. 4. The eggs fell to the floor. 8. The red apple was in his basket. Skriv fem sætninger, hvor den bestemte artikel, engelsk *definite article, udtales på de to måder. Anfør med lydskrift, hvordan artiklen udtales ( eller ) Skriv fem sætninger, hvor den ubestemte artikel er a eller an Strange sayings: Underline the correct answer 1. It s not my cup of tea.this means: A) I don t like tea. B) I don t really like it. C) This doesn t belong to me. 3. It s raining cats and dogs.this means: A) It s raining very hard. B) It isn t raining very hard. C) It s not raining. 2. It was a piece of cake. This means: A) I don t like cake. B) It was not very strong, like a cake. C) It is very easy. 4. I ve got cold feet.this means: A) I need new shoes. B) It s very cold in here. C) I don t want to do this now. 15

16 Ordstilling I sætningen Hunden bed postbudet i benet er der ligefrem ordstilling - grundled, latin *subjekt (hunden) før udsagnsled, latin *verballed (bed). x o x o I sætningen I dag bed hunden postbudet i benet er ordstillingen omvendt - udsagnsled (bed) før o x o grundled (hunden). x På dansk har man altså enten ligefrem eller omvendt ordstilling. På engelsk har man derimod næsten altid ligefrem ordstilling. Det betyder altså, at (indsæt de manglende ord) grundled udsagnsled kommer før. Write in English Eks: Vejret er fint i dag = the weather is fine today. I dag er vejret fint = today the weather is fine. 1. For mange år siden hørte jeg en historie. 2. En dag kom en elev 10 minutter for sent. 3. Først sagde læreren ingenting. 4. Men senere blev læreren gal, og så slog han eleven. 5. Eleven måtte derefter på hospitalet. Many years ago I heard a story. 1. One day a pupil/student was ten minutes late. irst the teacher said nothing. But later the teacher went mad, and then he hit the pupil/student. After that the pupil/student had to go to the hospital Ovenover har du lært, at ordstillingen normalt er ligefrem på engelsk. I enkelte tilfælde, når sætningen indledes med biord(ene), latin *adverbium, hardly, never, not only, anvendes omvendt ordstilling. Eks: hardly had she noticed it before she... eller not only did he cheat... Now write in English 1. Aldrig før havde han været så glad. 2. Ikke alene er hun køn, hun er også intelligent. 3. Næppe var skuespilleren gået, før publikum begyndte at råbe. 4. Aldrig havde så mange set filmen Evita på en uge. 5. Aldrig før har jeg været så overrasket Never before had he been so happy. Not only is she pretty, she is also intelligent. Hardly had the actor left before the audience started to shout. Never had so many seen the movie Evita in one week. Never before have I been so surprised. Lets s do it: Step five

17 Names of animals Look at the Danish names of animals, birds, and fish in the boxes below. Find the corresponding English names in the word squares in all directions - across/down/backwards/forwards and crisscross. When you have found them all, there are some remaining letters. Make of these three names of animals. Clue: 1. A typical big animal from the areas of Africa. The name starts with H and has 12 letters. 2. An endangered big animal from the African savannah. The name starts with R and has 10 letters. 3. This animal lives among other places in Denmark. It has long ears. The name starts with R and has 6 letters. løve elefan t æsel fis k får ko tiger slange ræv kat papegøje kængur o fugl abe skildpadd e hval hund mus E K A N S C O W E S U O M O L P H I P P R H S I C O E A O U O O I E D R I B A R P R P S B X E E L T R U T A H R O G E P M O N K E Y T G A O N O I L B I E L A H W N N T T D R A H Y E K N O D A T A M R E G I T N C O R S K rhinoceros hippopotamus rabbit The animals are:

18 Navneord II *Regular nouns Hovedregel: De fleste engelske navneord, *nouns eller på latin *substantiver, er regelmæssige, dvs. de tilføjer i flertal -s eller -es til entalsformen. Regelmæssig flertalsdannelse: Regel 1. Regel 2. Regel 3. Regel 4. Normalt tilføjes -s til entalsformen. Eks. girl/girls, ball/balls Efter hvislelyd (s, x, z, ch, sh) tilføjes -es til entalsformen. Eks. box/boxes, glass/glasses Efter konsonant + o tilføjes -es til entalsformen. Eks. tomato/tomatoes, hero/heroes. Efter vokal + o, samt i forkortelser og låneord, tilføjes -s til entalsformen. Eks. studio/studios, radio/radios (som svarer til regel 1) yregel 5. Efter konsonant + y ændres y til -ie + s. Eks. baby/babies, country/countries Write in English 1. Jeg har halvtreds tomater i to kasser i mit hus. 2. Der er mange filmstudier i Hollywood i Los Angeles, Californien. 3. De to familier havde tilsammen tre babyer. 4. Fru Johnson havde to ønsker. 5. Det første var, at hun ville få breve fra sine venner i mange forskellige lande. 6. Det andet var at få to radioer - én til dagligstuen og én til køkkenet. 1. I have fifty tomatoes in two boxes in my house. 2. There are many film studios in Hollywood in Los Angeles, California. 3. The two families had all together three babies. 4. Mrs Johnson had two wishes. The first was that she would get letters from her friends in many 5. different countries. The second was to get two radios - one for her living room and one for 6. her kitchen. Unhealthy Lives Match the first part of the sentence through should/shouldn t with the second part of the sentence. Draw lines A woman with a bad cough eat less 18 A dog A fat man A boy A girl with a walkman should shouldn t stop smoking put some more clothes on turn the volume down eat food from a boy s plate Lets s do it: Step five

19 Navneord II *Irregular nouns Uregelmæssig flertalsdannelse: Regel 6. Nogle substantiver, der ender på -f eller -fe, forandrer -f, og endelsen bliver da -ves: calf/calves Udover ovennævnte eksempel drejer det sig om 12 andre substantiver. elf half knife leaf life loaf self sheaf shelf thief wife wolf Andre substantiver, der ender på -f eller på -fe, danner flertal efter hovedreglen: cliff/cliffs, safe/safes. Regel 7. Nogle få substantiver er helt uregelmæssige. Dem må du lære udenad. child/children foot/feet goose/geese louse/lice man/men mouse/mice ox/oxen tooth/teeth woman/women Regel 8. Nogle substantiver har samme form i ental og i flertal: fish/fish Dette gælder blandt andet nogle dyrenavne: deer/deer mackerel/mackerel plaice/plaice salmon/salmon sheep/sheep trout/trout Regel 9. Endelig findes en række substantiver, der er utællelige (men tællelige på dansk), og som derfor kun har en form - ental: advice furniture information luck money news Hvis man vil udtrykke en vis mængde, må det ske ved hjælp af: much, a lot of, pieces of, some eller any. Watch out! Where is my money? It is on the table. Regel 10. Til slut er der en række substantiver, der betegner en beklædningsgenstand eller et instrument (der består af to sammenhængende dele): Disse har kun én form - flertal. pants pyjamas shorts clothes glasses scissors tongs Watch out!! My glasses are gone. Where are my pants. Where are my scissors. 19

20 Test your knowledge Write the nouns below in the plural and the rule number (1-10) When you have finished, add up the numbers and check if you have done right Ental month watch country lorry ox hero foot key shelf thief path knife shoe kilo disco boy leaf wolf half chef clothes rose life child kiss 20 Flerta l Regel nr. Total: 99 Ental Flerta l Regel nr. Total: 95 Ental Flerta l months 1 play plays 1 heart hearts 1 watches 2 calf calves 6 telephon e telephones 1 countries 5 mous e mice 7 studio studios 4 lorries 5 bus buses 2 piano pianos 4 oxen 7 deer deer 8 loaf loaves 6 heroes 3 box boxes 2 bridge bridges 1 feet 7 woman women 7 languag e languages 1 keys 1 advic e advices 1 gentlema n gentlemen 7 shelves 6 chie f chiefs 1 prize prizes 1 thieves 6 goose geese 7 mone y money 9 paths 1 cottage cottages 1 society societies 5 knives 6 famil y families 5 table tables 1 shoes 1 monkey monkeys 1 industr y industries 5 kilos 1 self selves 6 furnitur e furniture 9 discos 1 fis h fish 8 fisherma n fishermen 7 boys 1 clif f cliffs 1 safe safes 6 leaves 6 tooth teeth 7 butter butter 8 wolves 6 churc h churches 2 trout trout 8 halves 6 uncl e uncles 1 brush brushes 2 chefs 1 radio radios 4 luc k luck 9 clothes 10 lous e lice 7 price prices 1 roses 1 penny pennies 5 informatio n information 9 lives 6 roof roofs 1 grown-u p grown-ups 1 children 7 face faces 1 shop shops 1 kisses 2 potato potatoes 3 news news 9 Regel nr. 116 Total: find out yourself Lets s do it: Step five

21 Activity page l A question of food Names of foods can mean different things. When we, for example, say that something is fishy, we mean it s strange or mysterious. Now, look below and underline the right answer. When you connect the letter from the correct brackets you will come up with a name of a vegetable. Strange sayings. What do they mean: 1. You re going bananas. You are: C) happy and crazy D) burning yellow E) eating lots of bananas 4. Something looks like a dog s dinner. This means it is: T) great U) a mess V) clean and tidy 2. You feel cheesed off. when: T) you don t eat much cheese U) you are bored V) you are listening to your favourite cd 5. When you are in a pickle. This means: L) you re happy and relaxed M) you re in trouble N) you re asleep 3. Knowing your onions. means: C) you re clever D) you re stupid E) you re a good cook 6. A tramp asks you for some bread. This means: D) he wants bread C) he wants spirits B) he wants money 7. You re on holiday in the Big Apple. 8. Someone says: You re a chicken. Where are you then: C) in Dublin, Ireland D) in Sidney, Australia E) in New York, USA This means: Q) you re very thin R) you re afraid of something S) you re very pale CUCUMBER The name of the vegetable is: Analyses to page 9: Do you love school? A You like your holidays, but school is better! You re clever, the teachers like you, and you have some good friends. B You like school, but sometimes you are lazy, because you think your friends are more important than homework. C You re quiet and good and you try to do well. But you like the holidays better than school. Don t worry! School is not so bad. D For you there are three important things in the school day: the breaks between the lessons, the lunch hour and the moment when the school bell tells you it s time to go home. E You don t like school - but there is some hope for you because you re doing Step 5! Well done! 21

22 Nutid - simpel tid og udvidet tid Simpel nutid, eller almindelig nutid, engelsk *present og latin *præsens, anvendes, når man fortæller om en vane, eller noget, som altid sker (det, som gælder i almindelighed). Det vil sige, at man anvender simpel nutid ved det regelmæssige og afsluttede handlingsforløb, fx - altid - en gang om ugen - hver eftermiddag etc. Eks: 1) She goes to town once a week (simpel nutid, fordi handlingen er regelmæssig - once a week). 2) They often ask a lot of questions (simpel nutid, fordi handlingen er regelmæssig - often). 3) In England it rains a lot. (simpel nutid, fordi handlingen gælder i almindelighed) Now, write in English 1. Jeg laver altid mine lektier. 4. De bor i et hus på landet. 2. Hver fredag gør jeg rent på mit værelse. 5. Hver morgen og aften fodrer de fårene. 3. Om sommeren bor vi hos min onkel og tante. 6. En gang om ugen vasker jeg min bil. I allways make my homework. Every riday I clean my room. In summer we live at my uncle and aunt. They live in a house in the country. Every morning and evening they feed the sheep. Once a week I wash my car Udvidet nutid, eller the progressive tense, anvendes om en handling, der er i gang nu og har en begrænset varighed. Eller om en handling, der foregår omkring et tidspunkt i nutiden. Udfyld skemaet: Udvidet tid dannes ved hjælp af hjælpeverbet, engelsk *auxiliary verb, be + ing-form af det efterfølgende verbum. Fx she is talking to the boy. S impel nutid (almindelig nutid) Udvidet nutid (ing-form) I smile you she we 22 smile smiles smile English he smiles it smiles you smile they smile jeg han den Danish smiler du smiler smiler hun smiler smiler vi smiler I smiler de smiler Englis h I am smilin g Danish j eg smiler (nu) you are smiling du smile r he is smilin g han smiler she is smiling hun smile r it is smilin g den smiler we are smiling vi smile r you are smilin g I smiler they are smiling de smile r Lets s do it: Step five

23 Write in English 1. Han laver mad (er i gang med at). 4. Min mor bager (er ved at) en kage. 2. Det er ved at blive mørkt. 5. Vi hjælper (er ved at ) den gamle dame. 3. Regner det nu? He is cooking It is getting dark. Is it raining now? My mother is baking a cake. We are helping the old lady Sammenlign disse to sætninger: The teacher smokes. Denne sætning kan oversættes med : Læreren ryger, men her er der tale om en vane, simpel nutid. Læreren er altså ryger. The teacher is smoking. Denne sætning kan også oversættes med: Læreren ryger, men nu sidder han og ryger lige præcis nu. Udvidet nutid. Mange danskere bruger alt for ofte udvidet tid. Når man skal fortælle, hvad man plejer (har for vane) at gøre, skal man anvende simpel tid. Write in English using the present. (simpel nutid) 1. Min mor taler spansk og fransk. 2. Vi spiller tennis om fredagen. 3. Kate og Tom kan lide dyr. 4. Vi tager på camping til Wales hvert år. 5. I Italien taler de italiensk. 6. Min bedstemor og bedstefar spiller kort hver lørdag aften. 7. Dronningen ryger 30 cigaretter om dagen. 8. Efter arbejde venter jeg på bussen. 9. Min søster taler flydende engelsk. 10. Hver jul skriver eleven et brev til læreren. 1. My mother speaks Spanish and rench. 2. We play tennis on riday. 3. Kate and Tom like animals. 4. We go camping in Wales every year. 5. In Italy they speak Italian. 6. My grandmother and grandfather play cards every Saturday night. 7. The Queen smokes 30 cigarettes a day. 8. After work I wait for the bus. 9. My sister speaks English fluently. 10. Every Christmas the pupil/student writes a letter to the teacher. 23

24 Read the text about Stonehenge The huge stone circle at Stonehenge in central southern England is the country s most fascinating 1 prehistoric 2 puzzle 3. The construction of the monument has been attributed 4 to many ancient 5 peoples 6 throughout the years, but the most captivating 7 and enduring 8 influence 9 has been to the Druides 10. Built between 2750 and 1300 BC, it was possibly a place of worship 11, but it has also been called an astronomical observatory for marking 12 special events 13 on the calender. But what we know is that the purpose 14 must have been very important because of the effort 15 and investment 16 that it took to construct Stonehenge. Find out what the 16 difficult words mean in Danish 1. fængslende, fortryllende, betagende, spændende 2. forhistorisk 3. gåde, problem 4. tillagt 5. ældgamle, oldnordiske 6. folkeslag 7. fængslende, bedårende, besnærende 8. varige, blivende Finish the eight sentences using the lines in the box below. Fill in the missing words if necessary. Britain s national icon. 9. indflydelse, påvirkning 10. keltiske præster 11. gudsdyrkelse, tilbedelse 12. mærkning, afmærkning 13. begivenheder 14. hensigt, formål 15. anstrengelse, bestræbelse 16. investering Stonehenge is surely The stones we see today represent Stonehenge in ruins. A lot of the original stones have fallen down or have been removed by previous generations. Many stones were used for home construction or road repair. Its original purpose is unclear to us. Some have claimed that is was a sacred burial ground./that it was a place of worship. It has also been called an astronomical observatory. Others have suggested that it was a sacred burial ground./that it was a place of worship. 24 home construction or road repair. that it a sacred burial ground. an astronomical observatory. unclear to us. that it a place of worship. represent Stonehenge in ruins. Britain s national icon. or been removed by previous generations. Lets s do it: Step five

25 Rhyming Find and match the words that rhyme as shown Now, make your own list of words that rhyme give alive isle figure glove heaven here white hight rule write mud five love ride tide soul whole blood penny truth live year tear fool kite many tile seven youth bigger fear Family puzzles Fill in the correct word from the box Your brother is your mother s son Your sister is your parents daughter Your father s sister is your aunt Your parents son is your brother Your mother s brother is your uncle Your brother s little boy is your father s grandson Your uncle is your father s brother Your aunt is your mother s sister Your father s wife is your mother Your uncle is your cousin s father Your father s father is your grandfather Your aunt s son is your mother s nephew Your mother s sister is your aunt Your mother s sister s daughter is your cousin Words to be used: nephew aunt father, brother grandson uncle daughter brother aunt son sister mother grandfather cousin 25

26 Datid - simpel tid og udvidet tid Simpel datid, eller almindelig datid, engelsk the past og latin *imperfektum, anvendes i princippet på samme måde som ved simpel nutid. Det vil sige, man anvender simpel datid, når man fortæller om en vane eller tilstand, som har stået på længe, eller blot ønsker at fortælle om, hvad der skete. Indsæt den rigtige datidsform af verbet i parentes. (Simpel datid) 1. They went to town last Friday to visit their old aunt and uncle. (go) 2. We visited the old town centre last Saturday and met some friends. (visit, meet) 3. It never happened to me. (happen) 4. I played tennis every other day. (play) 5. We had breakfast at 7 o clock in the morning. (have) Udvidet datid anvendes til at beskrive en tilstand, som kun havde en kort varighed, og der opgives ikke hvor længe. Udvidet datid dannes af datidsformen af be + ing-form af det efterfølgende verbum. Udfyld skemaet: S impel datid (almindelig datid) Udvidet datid (ing-form ) English Danis h Englis h Danis h I played j eg legede was playing when... I jeg legede, da.. y ou played you were playing when... du legede, da.. du legede he played h an legede he was playing when.. hen legede, da... s he played she was playing when... hun legede, da.. hun legede it played d en legede it was playing when... den legede, da... w e played we were playing when... vi legede, da.. vi legede you played I legede you were playing when I legede, da... t hey played they were playing when... de legede, da.. de legede Indsæt den rigtige datidsform af verbet i parentes. (Udvidet datid) 1. When I entered the shop the assistant a customer. (serve) was watching 2. I TV when the telephone rang. (watch) were waiting 3. We for you but you didn t turn up. (wait) 4. When the teacher entered the classroom, some of the pupils their homework. (do) was writing was serving were doing 5. I a letter when you knocked at my door. (write) Lets s do it: Step five 26

27 Nutid og datid - simpel tid og udvidet tid Nu har du arbejdet med de forskellige tider - simpel eller udvidet. Nu skal du afprøve din viden i nedenstående opgaver. Men se lige på skemaet først. simpel tid... Om det, der gælder i almindelighed: In Denmark it rains a lot. She plays tennis better than table tennis. Om det, der sker regelmæssigt, vanemæssigt eller gentaget: They have a drink together on Fridays. We always had breakfast at 7 o clock when I was a child. Andre ord kan markere en gentagelse: Never, ever, often, seldom, rarely, sometimes etc. Om en handling, der er afsluttet i fortiden: Mr Morgan painted his house green. Mrs Morgan read all the comics I sent to her. udvidet tid... Om det, der sker over en begrænset periode: Look, it is raining. She is playing fine today. om det, man er i færd med: Where are the children? They are playing in the garden. We were having tea when the telephone rang. Om en handling, der foregik over en periode i fortiden: She was playing with her children when her husband entered the room. Mrs Morgan has been reading the comics ever since I sent them to her. Write in English 1. Min far var ved at lave mad, da min bror kom hjem. 2. Han laver lektier hver dag. 3. Lige nu taler han med naboen. 4. De har aftalt at mødes en gang om ugen. 5. Vi var ved at spise aftensmad, da en eller anden bankede på døren. 6. Det er ved at blive mørkt. 7. Hun sad og røg*, da jeg så ham. 8. Han smilede, da jeg spurgte, om han kendte Ursula. 9. Hvor er hun? Hun er ved at male døren. 1o. De så tv, da de hørte bilen. *Når to verber forbindes med og, sættes det første verbum i simpel tid, det andet i udvidet tid og og oversættes ikke. 1. My father was cooking when my brother came home. 2. He makes homework every day. 3. Right now he talks to the neighbour. 4. They have arranged to meet once a week. 5. We were having supper when somebody knocked at the door. 6. It is getting dark. 7. She sat smoking when I saw him. 8. He smiled when I asked if he knew Ursula. 9. Where is she? She is painting the door. 10. They were watching TV when they heard the car. 27

28 Fremtid Fremtid, latin *futurum, engelsk the *future, fortæller om noget, man forventer, frygter eller håber vil ske. Det fremtidige kan således ske i løbet af nogle få sekunder til flere år. På dansk danner vi fremtid ved at sætte verbet, udsagnsordet, i nutid eller ved at anvende vil. Eks: Jeg kommer på søndag, eller jeg vil komme på søndag, udtrykker fremtid. Læg mærke til, at efter modalverbet, vil, kommer verbet, udsagnsordet, i navneform. Det gælder også på engelsk. På engelsk kan fremtid dannes på flere forskellige måder ved hjælp af: Will/would er den almindeligste måde at udtrykke en ren fremtid på. Anvendes, når der ikke ligger nogen vilje bag, eller hvis det ikke er et planlagt forløb. Eks: She will get up very early tomorrow. We knew she would be late. Shall/should kan officielt bruges i 1. person ental og 1. person flertal, men will og would har stort set erstattet disse former i daglig tale Eks: I shall wear my new suit at the disco. We shall have dinner late this evening. ental 1. person I shall/i'll 2. person you will/you'l l 3. person he will/he'l l flertal she it will/she'll will/it'll 1. person we shall/we'l l 2. person you will/you'l l 3. person they will/they'l l shall/wil l jeg vil du/de vil han vil hun vil den/det vil vi vil I vil de vil *Officielt skal man efter engelsk grammatik skrive shall i 1. person ental og 1. person flertal. I praksis er denne form næsten forsvundet, så man siger I will see you tomorrow i stedet for I shall see you tomorrow. Hvis du vænner dig til at sammenskrive I og shall, bliver det altid rigtigt. I will = I ll og I shall = I ll. Se skemaet. Now, write in English. Use only will/shall. 1. Jeg glemmer aldrig* hendes ansigt. 2. Forældrene kommer i morgen. (vil komme) 3. Hun ved, at de kommer for sent. (vil komme) 4. Hans kone betaler for ham. (vil betale) 5. Han kommer kl. 15. (vil komme) 6. Går de aldrig hjem. (vil de aldrig gå...) * Biordet skal på engelsk placeres foran hovedudsagnsordet. 1. I shal never forget her face. 2. The parrents will come tomorrow. 3. She knows that they will be late. 4. His wife will pay for him. 5. He will come at 3 o clock/3 p.m. 6. Will they never go home? Lets s do it: Step five 28

29 Fremtid To be going to anvendes om nær fremtid, ofte om en hensigt, eller noget, der er planlagt eller bestemt på forhånd. Om noget, der regnes for sandsynligt, vil ske, noget, der er uundgåeligt. Eks: We are going to meet the Johnsons this afternoon. Udfyld skemaet med shall/will og be going to S impel datid (almindelig datid) Udvidet datid (ing-form ) English Danis h Englis h Danis h I played j eg legede was playing when... I jeg legede, da.. y ou played du legede you were playing when... du legede, da.. he played h an legede he was playing when.. han legede, da... s he played hun legede she was playing when... hun legede, da.. it played d en legede it was playing when... den legede, da... w e played vi legede we were playing when... vi legede, da.. you played I legede you were playing when I legede, da... t hey played de legede they were playing when... de legede, da.. Now, write in English. Use the form to be going to. 1. Jeg vil sælge min bil i næste måned. 2. Bliver du her i nat? 3. Se på himlen, det bliver regn. 4. Vil I besøge Skotland næste år? 5. Ja, men først vil vi besøge en ven i London. 6. Hvad vil du gøre? 1. I am going to sell my car next month. 2. Are you going to stay here tonight? 3. Look at the sky, it is going to rain. 4. Are you going to visit Scotland next year? 5. Yes, but first we are going to visit a friend in London. 6. What are you going to do? 29

30 Now, write in English. Use the form be going to. 1. Jeg vil købe en ny båndoptager. 4. Hvad vil I gøre? 2. Bliver dine forældre her i aften? 5. Vil I besøge onkel og tante i morgen? 3. Ja, men først vil de sælge deres bil. 6. Bliver dine forældre her? 1. I am going to buy a new tape recorder. 2. Are your parents going to stay here tonight? 3. Yes, but first they are going to sell their car. 4. What are you going to do? 5. Are you going to visit uncle and aunt tomorrow? 6. Are your parents going to stay here? Regel-repetition På engelsk danner man fremtid ved at anvende will/ evt. shall eller to be going to. På dansk anvendes almindelig nutid. Be going to anvendes om det, der allerede er planlagt, eller det, der regnes for sandsynligt, vil ske. Write in English using will or be going to. Use the words in the brackets 1. (miss) We must go home now. If we don t we the bus. 2. (help) I know it isn t easy. Come here! I you. 3. (go) I am sorry. I can t help you tonight. I visit my aunt. 4. (come) I have to leave you soon. My parents visit me tonight. Are 5. (open) you the letter now? 6. (bite) Watch out. The dog you. 7. (wash) My daughter has bought some shampoo. She her hair. 8. (sing) Madonna is in Las Vegas now. She at Caesar s Palace. going to open is going to bite will miss will help am going to visit are coming to will wash going to sing Write in English. Brug kun formen will/ shall for at udtrykke fremtid. NB. De fremhævede biord skal placeres foran hovedudsagnsordet 1. Jeg glemmer aldrig hendes mand. 4. Jeg husker altid et navn. 2. Hun kommer kl Vi betaler for vores mad. 3. Jeg vil finde min bold. 6. Jeg kommer i morgen. 1. I shall never forget her husband. 4. I shall allways remember a name. 2. She will come at 3 o clock. 5. We shall pay for our food. 3. I shall find my ball. 6. I shall come tomorrow. Lets s do it: Step five 30

31 Every year in spring danger lurks in the British garden. The British love their gardens, but apparently they do not belong to the world s safest gardeners. Every year about are treated at hospitals because of garden accidents. Now, look at the picture and describe as many situations as possible which might cause accidents. Make sentences like this: If he/she... If he/she doesn t...he/she might... He/she could... if he/she isn t careful He/she had better watch out, otherwise he/she will.. That... looks as if it might... Words that might help you: danger electric lawn mowers injury/injuries blades cut the finger electrocute oneself cause rake garden tools barbecue injury fall off ladders dangerous don t pay attention to... cable spade into ponds Death and Destruction in the British Garden Woodend Tuesday 24 June Lost his finger Yesterday morning, Monday 23 June, mr Brown was taken to the hospital by his shocked wife. Our reporter has come up with further information about the accident. Mrs Brown explained that they had had a row about the washing- up the night before. Monday morning mr Brown had asked his wife to cut the grass as she used to, but she had answered that if he wanted the lawn to be mowed he had to do it himself. Mrs Brown continued her explanation and said that her husband therefore started to cut the grass alone. Suddenly a little twig got stuck in the electric lawn mower and in order to get it out he forgot to turn off the machine. Unfortunately, when he with his right hand had removed the object, the lawn mower started to run, and the blades cut off one of his fingers. Mrs Brown finished the interview by saying, and now I have to do the washing-up for another one or two months all by myself. pr Start here: 31

32 In 1666 a terrible fire destroyed much of the City of London. The fire broke out in a bakery early in the morning on Sunday, 2 September The bakery was situated in Pudding Lane and probably the owner, Thomas Farrinor, had left a pile of sticks too near the oven. But actually no one knows for sure what started the fire. Soon the fire spread to the neighbouring wooden houses which were very dry because of a very hot summer. This fact, in connection with the narrow streets and a strong easterly wind, caused an appalling disaster. In the beginning no one took any notice of the starting fire. A man named Samuel Pepys woke up at 3 o clock in the morning, but as he later wrote in his diary he thought the fire was far enough off and he went to bed for the second time. Another person, the Lord Mayor, Sir Thomas Bludworth, had also noticed the fire but he too thought it was a minor fire and went to sleep again. Many of the nearby houses, especially near the river, were warehouses full of very inflammable goods like candle wax and barrels containing oil and spirits. In the morning, over three hundred houses were burning. Finally Samuel Pepys realized the serious situation and he went to warn the King, Charles II. Pepys was immediately The Fire of London 1666 sent to the Lord Mayor with instructions to pull down the houses in order to prevent the fire to spread. But only few people listened to him and many of them refused to let the soldiers destroy their property. On Tuesday, 4 September, two days after the start of the fire, King Charles put his brother, the Duke of York, in charge of the operations. Immediately he organized demolition. The King himself took part in the work and in order to encourage the workers he distributed gold coins to them. Finally on Thursday, 6 September, the fire was under control. To the northwest the soldiers succeeded in stopping the fire at Pie Corner. Pepys house was unharmed and miraculously only eight persons died but over houses burnt down or were destroyed. Almost persons were homeless and many went to the country. Eight churches in London burnt down including St. Paul s Cathedral and 80 per cent of the medieval City of London had disappeared for ever. Questions to the text 1. What probably started the fire of London? 5. Why did king Charles put his brother in charge? 2. What did Samuel Pepys do at 3 o clock in the morning? 6. Why did the King distribute gold coins? 3. What did the Lord Mayor do? 7. What happened on Thursday, 6 September? 4. Why did Samuel Pepys realize that the situation was serious? 8. What was the cost of the great fire of London? 1. The fire broke out in a bakery early in the morning on Sunday, 2 september Samuel Pepys woke up, but he thought the fire was far enough off and went to bed for the second time. 3. The Lord Mayor gave orders to pull down the houses in order to prevent the fire to spread, but only few people listened to him. 4. Samuel Pepys realized that the situation was serious because over three hundred houses were burning. 5. King Charles put his brother, The Duke of York, in charge to organize demolition. 6. The King distributed gold coins to encourage the workers. 32 Lets s do it: Step five