Food Waste Management in Denmark and the European Union

Transkript

1 Food Waste Workshop OMAFRA, Guelph, Ontario March the 6.th 2014 Food Waste Management in Denmark and the European Union - Optimized biogas production by utilization the primary agricultural products and organic waste and by-products in combinations with other treatment and recycling strategies by Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen, Ph.D. Head of Center for Bioenergy og Green Engineering Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark Niels Bohrs vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg Cell; jhn@et.aau.dk ~ search JBHN; 1

2 Energy unit: PJ Biomass Windpower Solarpower ~0 ~8 -photovoltaic ~0 ~4 -passive ~0 ~4 Hydropower ~0 ~ Wave ~0 ~0 Geothermal ~0 0,5 Fossil fuels Total consumption VE pct ,2% 17,6% 19,4% 23,8% % Source; JBHN Centre for Bioenergy, AAU, Esbjerg 2011, & Energistyrelsen, Energistatistik tal 2010, foreløbige

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5 Biogas and biogas + separation, upgrading facilities Animal manure from farming problems to society resources! 5

6 Estimated amounts of animal manure in EU-27 (based on Faostat, 2003) Country Cattle Pigs Cattle Pigs Cattle manure Pig manure Total manure [1000Heads] [1000Heads] 1000livestock units 1000livestock units [10 6 tons] [10 6 tons] [10 6 tons] Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech R Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden U.K EU

7 Energy potential of pig and cattle manure in EU-27 Total manure Biogas Methane Potential Potential [10 6 tons] [10 6 m 3 ] [10 6 m 3 ] [PJ] [Mtoe] 1,578 31,568 20, Methane heat of combustion: 40.3 MJ/m 3 ; 1 Mtoe = 44.8 PJ Assumed methane content in biogas: 65% Biogas Production & Forecast: Actual 2010 production of biogas in EU 27: 10 Mtoe EU forecast 15 Mtoe Manure potentials Mtoe Organic waste and byproducts Mtoe Crops and crop residuals Mtoe Total long term forcast Biogas 60 Mtoe Biogas can cover 1/3 of EU s total RES 20% demands year

8 Biogas for a sustainable clean environment and renewable energy production LIGHT PHOTOSYNTHESIS O 2 ANIMAL MANURE BIOFERTILISER H 2 O CO 2 ORGANIC WASTE BIOGAS PLANT CHP-GENERATION BIOGAS AS VEHICLE FUEL Source: JBHN/TAS 8

9 Samfundsmæssige fordele ved Fællesanlæg og gårdanlæg Billigt Kyotoredskab 40 kr/ton Genanvendelse af affald billigt alternativ for industri højere gasproduktion nye typer animalske biprodukter energiafgrøder fiberfraktion af gylle slet fra naturområder økologisk jordbrug Brancheforeningen for Biogas biogas Affald fællesanlæg 2003 tons Mavetarmindh. m.m., slagteri Fedt/flotationsslam, industri Foderfabrikker Fiskeindustri Frugt og grønt Bryggerier 505 Bagerier Mejerier Pektinindustrislam Blegejord Garverier Medicinalindustri Konc. fedtaffald (>60%) Okkerslam vandværker Andet industriaffald Spildevandsslam Husholdnings/madaffald I alt

10 Samfundsmæssige fordele ved Fællesanlæg og gårdanlæg Billigt Kyotoredskab 40 kr/ton Genanvendelse af affald billigt alternativ for industri højere gasproduktion nye typer animalske biprodukter energiafgrøder fiberfraktion af gylle slet fra naturområder økologisk jordbrug Brancheforeningen for Biogas biogas Affald fællesanlæg 2003 tons Mavetarmindh. m.m., slagteri Fedt/flotationsslam, industri Foderfabrikker Fiskeindustri Frugt og grønt Bryggerier 505 Bagerier Mejerier Pektinindustrislam Blegejord Garverier Medicinalindustri Konc. fedtaffald (>60%) Okkerslam vandværker Andet industriaffald Spildevandsslam Husholdnings/madaffald I alt

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25 Society advantages of biogas and combined processes Recycling of org. waste Cheap treatment for industries Increasing gas yields New types coming in: Animal byproducts Food waste Industrial org. waste Farm by-products Nature conservation mat. And a lot more Brancheforeningen for Biogas Affald fællesanlæg 2003 tons Mavetarmindh. m.m., slagteri Fedt/flotationsslam, industri Foderfabrikker Fiskeindustri Frugt og grønt Bryggerier 505 Bagerier Mejerier Pektinindustrislam Blegejord Garverier Medicinalindustri Konc. fedtaffald (>60%) Okkerslam vandværker Andet industriaffald Spildevandsslam Husholdnings/madaffald I alt

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31 AD Co-digestion - heterogeneous feedstock s - Manure - Food waste - Organic by-products - Crops 31

32 Biogas in Denmark 2009 Biogas 2020 Joint biogas and farmbased biogas Amounts of manure and organic waste 2008: Animal manure t/y Organic waste t/y Total t/y 2008: Estimated 2020: Estimated 2030: Large scale biogas 2020 min.50 Large scale biogas 2030 min biogasfællesanlæg 60 gårdbiogasanlæg 32

33 Big biogas interests from the farming society New environmental demands nutrients and green house gasses Freshwater planning-, Habitat- and nitratdirective Water environmental actionplan Manure treatment before application? Metan release, H2S, Soil-Carbon sources? Needs/demands? Reduction of Odour Redistribution of Manure Reduction of surplus (N/P) Recovering and recov. of P (resource) Optimal utilization of N (enviro., economy) Carbon source sustainability Joint Biogas Farm biogas New projects

34 Big biogas interests from the farming society New environmental demands nutrients and green house gasses Freshwater planning-, Habitat- and nitratdirective Water environmental plan 4 Manure treatment before application? Metan release, H2S, Soil-Carbon sources? Needs/demands? * Reduction of Odour * Redistribution of Manure * Reduction of surplus (N/P) * Recovering and recov. of P (resource) * Optimal utilization of N (enviro., economy) * Carbon source sustainability DK government new agreement March-12: Biogas production needs to trible before 2020 (50 new joint biogasplants) New energy agreement, green enectricityu prices 14 c/kwh March 2012 Joint biogas Farm biogas New projects

35 Society benefits from biogas Joint biogas and farm biogas Cheap Kyototool 40 kr/ton CO2 Recycling of organic waste Efficient redistribution of manure From animal farms to crop farmers From stables to decentralized slurry tanks in the fields Trucking througout the year Environmental technology to all kinds of farms 35

36 Society benefits from biogas Billigt Kyotoredskab 40 kr/ton Genanvendelse af affald Effektiv omfordeling af gylle Declared fertilizer content Free of weed seeds and patogens Kg/ton Total N: 5,0 NH4-N: 4,0 P: 0,9 K: 2,8 36

37 Society benefits from biogas integration in the farming and food sectors Cheap GHG tool, and efficeint Recycling of org. waste Efficient manure handling Declared nutrient content Free of weed seeds and patogens Reduced odour during field application A tradable organic fertilizer 37

38 Society benfits from biogas Effektiv omfordeling af gylle Deklareret gødningsindhold N-udnyttelse i vinterhvede Fri for ukrudt og patogener Mindre lugt ved udbringning Lettere at få afsat gyllen Incfreased N-utilization Low risk of leacting when applyed at rigth time of growing season Separation and upgrading is possible to a large ectend kvæggylle svinegylle afgasset gylle væskefraktion 38

39 Biogas og gylleseparation Afgasset gylle Fiberfraktion Decanter Væskefraktion 70 pct. P 15 pct. af volumen Brancheforeningen for Biogas 80 pct. N Næsten kun ammonium

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42 The Veterinary legal aspects from EU can be keept at a high level ABP 1774 doc background Self- and public control Certification of AD-plants Good posibility for wuality control of org. waste streams and before utilized as quality liquid org. fertilizer Brancheforeningen for Biogas

43 Environmental and Veterinary controled facilities can be established in sectors for food production at high quality levels and standards VVM-redegørelse Miljøgodkendelse Landzonetilladelse Brancheforeningen for Biogas

44 Manure based co-digestion biogas plant - the basic Danish concept Animal manure and slurry from local farms Dairy and cattle slurry Pig slurry Poultry manure INPUTS Organic wastes Waste from food processing industries Vegetable and catering waste Household waste, source separated Homogenisation Biogas Plant Odour reduction Pasteurisation Digestion and gas production Agricultural biofertiliser Improved utilisation of plant nutrients Reduced consumption of mineral fertilisers Reduced water pollution Disease and weed seed free biofertiliser Separated fibre/soil improver OUTPUTS Fibre and liquid separation Nutritionally defined product Biogas for combined heat and power generation Renewable energy source Displacement of fossil fuel CO2 - neutral Reduced air pollution Effective energy utilisation Brancheforeningen for Biogas

45 Soceity benefits from biogas installations

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47 Thank you for your attention! Q & A s R, D & D cooperation partners; AAU, Denmark: Bioenergy Research Group; - Ane Katharina Paarup Meyer, Ehiaze Augustine Ehimen, Michael Madsen, Kim H. Esbensen, Felicia Nkem Ihunegbo (HIT), Saqib Sohail Toor, Lasse A. Rosendahl UMB, Norway: Biogas and Bioenergy Center; - Kristian Fjørtoft, Maria Magdalena Estevez, Magdalena Bruch, Zehra Sapci, John Morken. FHF, Germany; Biogas R&D group - Lars Jürgensen, Thorsten Philips, Jens Born Poldanor, Poland; Biogastest platform Benny Laursen, Pawel Krawat, Bjarne Møller, Grzegorz Brodziak + Poznan University of Technology; Piotr O.-Popiel Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen, Ph.D., Head of Center for Bioenergy and Green Engineering, Head of Energy Section Esbjerg Campus, Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Cell: jhn@et.aau.dk 47