Food Safety through Integrated Risk Analysis

Transkript

1 Food Safety through Integrated Risk Analysis Dr Filip Cnudde Wageningen University, The Netherlands AOAC International Workshop, 6-7 November 2006 Limassol, Cyprus

2 FP6 EU Project SAFE FOODS Integrated Project Coordinators: Dr. H.A. Kuiper Dr. H.J.P. Marvin April 2004-March 2008 Project Participation: 37 partners 21 countries Budget: RIKILT 14,500,000 total 11,400,000 EU contribution CHINA SOUTH AFRICA

3 Overall objectives of SAFE FOODS SAFE FOODS aims to strengthen consumer trust in the safety of the European food chain SAFE FOODS aims to improve the interaction and integration between the components of the food safety risk analysis framework

4 Public Concern Broad public concern about the safety of the European food supply

5 European Commission Wakes Up! EU White Paper on Food Safety Strategic priorities: Establishment of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2002 Farm to Fork approach in EU legislation Defining responsibilities for food safety General Food Law (Regulation 178/2002) Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) Precautionary Principle Traceability Transparency

6 Traditional approach to Risk Analysis Risk Assessment Risk Management Risk Communication

7 Risk Analysis Framework: Improving improving trust Risk Assessment Which hazards? When are they assessed and with which method? What level of uncertainty? Who is affected? Risk Management How do values influence the selection and implementation of policy alternatives? Risk Communication and Stakeholder Involvement Interactive exchange of information and opinions Increased transparency results in the need for additional communication and stakeholder involvement

8 Risk Analysis Process Further Developed Improve interplay between risk assessors and risk managers: consequences of conclusions, options, responsibilities Risk communication throughout the process: what, when and by whom? Role and involvement of stakeholders in the various steps of the risk analysis process Role of monitoring and surveillance: driven by science, public concerns or ethical considerations? Update the Risk Assessment Process, not too slow and not too fast

9 Incorporation of new risk assessment tools

10 A Broader Framework for Risk Analysis Socio-economical impact Animal welfare Environmental impact Acceptability, cultural attitudes Benefit considerations Human physical and psychological health

11 WP6 Integrated Risk Analysis Model

12 Framing Who does what? Risk Assessors Risk Managers Review Implementation & Monitoring Risk communication & Stakeholder involvement Risk/Benefit Assessment Decision-making Evaluation

13 WP6 Characteristics of the New Risk Analysis Model Integration of assessment of human health aspects of foods with consumer preferences and values Active consumer participation in the various stages of the risk analysis process Improved functional and structural risk management procedures Improved risk communication with consumers throughout the process of risk analysis Pan European applicability

14 Review Implementation & Monitoring Framing Defining objective of regulatory action Identification of risks, costs, benefits & their distribution Risk profiling Identification of decision options Criteria for evaluation Planning process & participation Terms of reference/selection of experts Monitoring indicators Early warning indicators Allocation of resources Risk communication & Stakeholder involvement Risk/Benefit Assessment Who does what? Risk Assessors Risk Managers Decision-making Evaluation

15 Framing Who does what? Risk Assessors Risk Managers Review Implementation & Monitoring Risk communication & Stakeholder involvement Risk/Benefit Assessment Health & Environmental Assessment Social & Economic Assessment Ethical Assessment Hazard identification, characterisation and exposure assessment Risk/benefit characterisation Quality of life Economic impact Decision-making Evaluation

16 Framing Who does what? Risk Assessors Risk Managers Review Implementation & Monitoring Risk communication & Stakeholder involvement Risk/Benefit Assessment Decision-making Evaluation Conclusions of the assessment Acceptability of distributions of risks, costs and benefits

17 Framing Who does what? Risk Assessors Risk Managers Review Implementation & Monitoring Risk communication & Stakeholder involvement Risk/Benefit Assessment Decision-making Assessment of management options Choice of action Evaluation

18 Framing Who does what? Risk Assessors Risk Managers Review Implementation & Monitoring Control of implementation Enforcement Monitoring of decision impact Monitoring of unintended effects Risk communication & Stakeholder involvement Risk/Benefit Assessment Decision-making Evaluation

19 Framing Who does what? Risk Assessors Risk Managers Review Decision Process Legislation & Policy Implementation & Monitoring Risk communication & Stakeholder involvement Risk/Benefit Assessment Decision-making Evaluation

20 Framing Review Implementation & Monitoring Risk communication & Stakeholder involvement Risk/Benefit Assessment Decision-making Evaluation

21 More Transparency = More Confidence?

22 Consumer Confidence in Risk Analysis Practices How do risk analysis and communication practices affect consumer confidence?

23 Objectives Understanding consumer perceptions, attitudes and beliefs regarding food risk management Understanding differences between consumers, experts and decisionmakers regarding their perceptions of food risk management

24 Consumer research overview Study 1 Focus group study Study 2 Cross-national Consumer survey To provide insights in range of arguments used by key stakeholders in evaluating food risk management practices To assess consumer attitudes to food risk management practices

25 Cross-national Consumer surveys: Some key results Key factors influencing consumer perceptions of food risk management Perceived systems of control and law enforcement Role of science and risk assessments Trust in expertise of food risk managers Trust in honesty of food risk managers Consumers food risk management perceptions Pro-activeness of food risk managers

26 Objectives Understanding consumer perceptions, attitudes and beliefs regarding food risk management Understanding differences between consumers, experts and decisionmakers regarding their perceptions of food risk management Identification of strategies to communicate uncertainty and variability in risk assessment Resulting recommendations for better Food risk analysis and risk communication

27 Understanding the impact of different types of communication regarding different food hazards To provide actionable strategic guidelines for food risk managers that will enhance positive evaluations of food risk management practice Study 1 Focus group study Study 2 Cross-national Consumer survey Study 3 Information experiments To provide insights in range of arguments used by key stakeholders in evaluating food risk management practices To assess consumer attitudes to food risk management practices

28 Framing Review Implementation & Monitoring Risk communication & Stakeholder involvement Risk/Benefit Assessment Decision-making Evaluation

29 Stakeholder identification First holidays in years and then this damn ship hit my iceberg

30 What should be the role of institutions in risk management practices? Categories of food safety issues (simple, complex, uncertain, ambiguous) Needs for institutional structures and procedures for stakeholder involvement

31 The Management Escalator RISK BENEFIT Routine operation Actors: Risk managers Discourse: internal Simple Scientific Risk Assessment Necessary Types of Conflict: cognitive Actors: Risk Managers External Experts Discourse: cognitive Complex Risk Balancing Necessary Risk Assessment Necessary Types of Conflict: cognitive evaluative Actors: Risk Managers External Experts Stakeholders such as Industry, Directly Affected Groups Discourse: reflective Uncertain Risk Tradeoff Analysis and Deliberation Necessary Risk Balancing Necessary Risk Assessment Necessary Types of Conflict: cognitive evaluative Normative Actors: Risk Managers External Experts Stakeholders such as Industry, Directly Affected Groups Representatives of the Public(s) Discourse: participatory Ambiguous

32 Comparative institutional review in European Food Safety Governance Reform features Food safety systems EU UK France Germany Sweden Hungary Intensity of reform efforts High High High High Low High Key rationale underlying reform Restoring of trust Restoring of trust Improving effectiveness of food safety system Restoring of trust Adaptation to EU-risk policy approach Transposition of the EU s acquis on food safety into national legislation and adaptation to EUrisk policy approach

33 Review Decision Process Legislation & Policy Implementation & Monitoring Control of implementation Enforcement Monitoring of decision impact Monitoring of unintended effects Framing Defining objective of regulatory action Identification of risks, costs, benefits & their distribution Risk profiling Identification of decision options Criteria for evaluation Planning process & participation Terms of reference/selection of experts Monitoring indicators Early warning indicators Allocation of resources Risk communication & Stakeholder involvement Who does what? Risk Assessors Risk Managers Risk/Benefit Assessment Health & Environmental Assessment Social & Economic Assessment Ethical Assessment Hazard identification, characterisation and exposure assessment Risk/benefit characterisation Quality of life Economic impact Decision-making Assessment of management options Choice of action Evaluation Conclusions of the assessment Acceptability of distributions of risks, costs and benefits

34 Comparative quality/safety evaluation of analysis of breeding approaches and agricultural production practices

35 What is the history of my potato? SHOP STORAGE Time, Temperature, humidity PRODUCTION BREEDING

36 Using profiling methods to differentiate risks Sampling Field plots Database Time (min) Relative Abundance

37 Using statistics for data analysis Organic fungicide & Compost fertilizer Organic fungicide & Mineral fertilizer Conventional fungicide & Compost fertilizer Conventional fungicide & Mineral fertilizer Type of fertilizer is important!

38 Early Detection of Emerging Risks Associated with Food and Feed Production Does the expanding European market lead to new food safety risks and can we identify them early?

39 Objectives To establish a working procedure for the early detection and assessment of emerging microbial and chemical hazards in food and feed chains, including a transfer point for information on emerging risks To propose mechanisms, both at national and international level, to feed information from the database on early detection of risks and from workshops into regulatory systems To provide data on emerging pathogens as well as on the development of multi-resistant bacterial strains in high- and low-input agricultural systems To provide data on chemical residues in food and feed produced in high- and low-input agricultural systems

40 Early detection and assessment of emerging health risks Which risks? Microbiological Chemical residues Mycotoxins Where? Food Feed Focus on New European Member States Are there any risks associated with high/low input agricultural systems?

41 Analysis of hazards reported through the EU Rapid Alert System Timeline product categories - packaging & kitchenware # Reports Responsive Quarter Increasing trends Packaging and kitchenware Food contact substances Para Red (dye) RASFF reports allow for analysis of trends Mycotoxin predictive models Anticipatory

42 Chemical residues in food and feed Report on emerging chemical risks in foods with focus on high- and low-input agriculture (literature review) Case study on botanical Case study on unauthorized GMOs Example of similar fruits Chinese star anise (top) Japanese star anise (bottom) Report on emerging mycotoxins risks in foods with focus on high- and low-input agriculture Illustration: google

43 What is the health impact of human exposure to combinations of food contaminants, and natural toxins? Mycotoxins Natural Toxins Pesticide residues

44 Probabilistic modelling of exposure RESIDUE DATABASE consumption CONSUMPTION database DATABASE EXPOSURE = CONSUMPTION RESIDUE

45 Quantifying risk through probabilistic risk modelling Residues Severity of effect Uncertainty consumption Fraction of the population at risk

46 Health Impact Categorisation Risk Prioritization: Health Impact in the population No health impact Health Impact Chart: Pesticide A MHI; 1.6% NHI; 87.3% HI; 12.7% LHI; 10.5% SHI; 0.6% Low health impact Moderate health impact Health impact Severe health impact

47 Review Decision Process Legislation & Policy Implementation & Monitoring Control of implementation Enforcement Monitoring of decision impact Monitoring of unintended effects Framing Defining objective of regulatory action Identification of risks, costs, benefits & their distribution Risk profiling Identification of decision options Criteria for evaluation Planning process & participation Terms of reference/selection of experts Monitoring indicators Early warning indicators Allocation of resources Risk communication & Stakeholder involvement Who does what? Risk Assessors Risk Managers Risk/Benefit Assessment Health & Environmental Assessment Social & Economic Assessment Ethical Assessment Hazard identification, characterisation and exposure assessment Risk/benefit characterisation Quality of life Economic impact Decision-making Assessment of management options Choice of action Evaluation Conclusions of the assessment Acceptability of distributions of risks, costs and benefits

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49 Thank you for your attention