Jette Nydam Hansen Jan T. Svensson. Ökad odling av kultursorter genom en bruksgenbank

Transkript

1 Jette Nydam Hansen Jan T. Svensson Ökad odling av kultursorter genom en bruksgenbank

2 AGROBIODIVERSITY Since the 1900s, ~75 percent of plant genetic diversity has been lost as farmers worldwide have left their multiple local varieties and landraces for genetically uniform, high-yielding varieties. Today only 150 to 200 edible plants species are used by humans. Historically ~7000 species of plants have been cultivated for consumption in human history 95% of the world s food is generated from only 30 plants Four plants - rice, maize, wheat and potato - contribute nearly 60 percent of calories obtained by humans from plants.

3 Conservation of genetic diversity in seed genebanks A major goal is to preserve natural patterns of genetic diversity to the extent possible to preserve options for future evolutionary change Active use of genebank material is conservation Note: not everything can be preserved in a seed gene bank!!

4 Nordic seed collection

5 Nordic Seed Collection The collection includes 513 species and varieties of cultivated crops and their wild relatives, with 35,700 registered accessions (15,000 unregistered) The Gene Bank is working with material of Nordic origin and/or relevance

6 ACC/PEN TEM + INCOMING Cereals Vegetables Medicinal plants Ornamentals Forage Fruit and berries Root crops, oil plants and pulses

7 Cereal collection Regeneration > 5300 accessions -> Cost to recreate the cereal collection Estimated at around 5 million

8 Regulatory framework Nordic conservation varieties

9 EU Directives Directive 2008/62/EC agricultural landraces and varieties naturally adapted to local conditions Directive 2009/145/EC vegetable landraces and varieties traditionally grown in certain regions no limits regarding package size only small package Bevaringssort (DK) Alkuperäiskasvilajikkeet (FI) Bevaringsverdige sorter (NO) Bevarandesorter (SE) Conservation varieties (EN) Amatørsorter (DK) n/a (FI) Tradisjonssorter (NO) Amatörsorter (SE) Others (EN)

10 Nordic Conservation varieties DK FI IS NO SE Wheat Oat 1 5 Barley Rye 9 1 Potato 3 14 Pea 16 Clover 8 Swede 2 1 Buckwheat 1 Soybean 1 Common bean 1 Broad bean 1

11 Towards a user gene bank

12 Step 1: All available conservation varieties sown for regeneration and control of type 2016/ gram > kg Winter-types (Tystofte, DK) Spring-types (Lönnstorp, SE) Small plots 1.8 m2 Note, FI conservation varieties are currently not in the seed collection. Efforts will be done by the Finnish government to ensure future storage at NordGen. Finland has 12 cereal conservation varieties.

13 Norweigan wheat and barley conservation varieties Norway has an active user genebank Möystad Ås II Fram Domen Diamant II

14 Swedish oat conservation varieties -compare to variety description Stormogul II Orion III Same Örn Vidar

15 Swedish spring barley conservation varieties -compare to variety description Svanhals Gute Ingrid Herta Gull Edda II Åsa II

16 Svenno Kärn II Fylgia I Lantvete från Halland Diamant II Lantvete från Dalarna Swedish spring wheat conservation varieties -compare to variety description Apu

17 Step /2018 regenerate and evaluate kg - > kg Alt 1 NordGen centered NordGen distributes 1 kg bags Administrative/freight cost of? Communication channels to users? 40 accessions of cereals (too many for NordGen) Who decides on which accessions? Important with push and communication from users Genebank is not constrained to conseration varieties. We have, einkorn, emmer, spelt and lots of cultivars and landraces that can be tested

18 Step /2018 regenerate and evaluate kg -> kg Alt 2. National hubs NordGen distributes kg kg to growers associations in a Nordic country for national distribution and regeneration. Contract between NordGen:National hub Maintenance breeding (who is responsible?) Seed production registered with national authorities Seed legislation: can only sell to home country Norway already active on its own

19 Cereal regeneration surplus (not conservation varieties) Regeneration each year cereals. Store only seeds maximum. Surplus of interesting material will be sent out (one bag) 2017 Via Allkorns FB page, announced surplus on a first come first served basis Need a channel that reaches more users and countries. How? NordGen FB? sendlist? Other?

20 Discussion points How to proceed after 2017? Alt 1. NordGen centered Alt 2. National hubs Annual surplus of seeds

21 Field walk and coffee at NordGen Lönnstorp experimental farm, Alnarp 26th of July, or Register: Jan Svensson Other times for groups can be arranged

22 Lönnstorp 2017 Nordic oat landraces and cultivars repatriated from Vavilov Barley landraces and cultivars repatriated from USA Spring rye evaluation Exotic wheat/barley/oat landraces Breeding and research material Maintenance regeneration of cultivars and landraces Conservation varieties Lönnstorp (spring sown) Tystofte (winter sown) wheat 10 7 barley 9 oat 5

23 Thank you for your attention!

24 Gruppediskussion Kornrevolution: Jörn Riktigt bröd kampanj: Karoline Nordisk samarbejde: Jette sammenfatning fra grupperne kaffe fältvandring eller fortsätte diskussionen Landvis rapportering + uddeling af overblivet bröd og mjöl på kaffebordet Ölprövning konferensmiddag

25 Bruksgenbank 1 Forskel mellem bevaring og bruk Genbanker bevarer Brug er en anden type hvordan kan vi drage nytte af hverandre kan Allkorn udvikles til en fälles og korrdinerende organisation for hele Norden Kan en bonde som melder sig ind, få garanti for at det er kvaltietsfrö og agang til alle sorter fra genbanken Som bonde har vi brug for op til 100 kg maskoner osv er ikke gearet til mindre mängder Finansiering: pris for kornet: uanset prisen en bonde kan betale kan udgifterne til en brugsgenbank ikke däkkes andre midler e.g. skal til minimum en person i en lang årräkke Kan produktionsafgifter betale en del f.eks. Medlemsskab og en afgift per dyrket areal eller per omsätning vil det skabe krav om kontrol. Märkningsordning,

26 Brugsgenbank 2 Brugsgenbank problemer lagringsforhold så grobarheten bevares og hjälp til dette sikkerhedskopier? Hvordan vi kan anvende alle sorterne i alle landene Nordgen bör have en central rolle All korn har ikke kapaciteten idet NordGen har en stor värdi, som i sig selv skaber tillid nogen form for certificering/kontrol NordGen administrer men have satelitter for opformering Et gemensamhed kan hjälpe ved ansögninger om midler kg som minimum, 100 kg af f.eks. 70 sorter er ikke realistisk Register med sorter inkl information om disse dette kan centraliseres Udvikling af småskalaredskab er en fällesopgave

27 Brugsgenbank 3 Udenfor NordGen Godt med en brugsgenbank i hvert land Dette kräver offentlige midler, da det er stort Der skal tages betalt for udsäden mindre kontrol Forskningsmidler for univestetr og högskoler kunne bruges eller fra forsvarsbudgetter (madsikkerhed, madforsyning ) Hvilken nytte de årlige konferencer er emget vigtige Udsädesproduktion: kg for brugsgenbank, e.g. 10 kr/kg For udsäd til landmand så kg skal afspejle de omkostninger der er Men en gemensam portal er vigtig