Akademiet for Talentfulde Unge besøger Vindenergiafdelingen DTU Risø Campus 21. sep. 2015

Transkript

1 Akademiet for Talentfulde Unge besøger Vindenergiafdelingen DTU Risø Campus 21. sep Værter: Professorer Torben Mikkelsen og Jakob Mann Statistik fra dansk vindenergi - seniorforsker Ph.D Niels-Erik Clausen

2 Program for dagen: 14:00-14:30 Risø -> DTU :Fra Atomkraft til Vind Energi Dansk energiforskning siden 2. verdenskrig. Torben 14:30-15:00 Remote sensing (Fjernmåling) af Vind - med Lyd og Lys. Torben 15:00-16:00 Vandring til møllerække med fortællinger om forsøg. Besøg hardware i laboratoriet. To grupper v/ Torben og Jakob 16:00-16:30 16:30-17:00 Sandwich, DTU betaler. Måling af komposanter af en vektor og rekonstruktion af vektor. Jakob

3 Historical background of Danish energy production of our times : 1956: Risø National Laboratory was founded to exploit the peaceful use of nuclear energy

4 Flying high above Risø National Laboratory => Risø DTU => DTU Wind Energy: Albert Niels

5 Neutral Smoke plume with argon-41 (Borssele NPP, NL)

6 Real-time 2-D Lidar Scan at SCK-CEN Mol BR1 60 m elevated Plume release (2001):

7 Borex 94: Elevated unstable Plume

8 BOREX 94: Stable Plume dispersion

9 Atmosph eric and the plume comes your way! 1. Decision Support: 2. Monitoring 3. Modeling 4. Forecasting

10 Atmospheric Dispersion Atmosph eric

11 1985: Nuclear Power No thanks 2011: Mutti Merkel: No more NPP s by 2022 March 1986: Danish Government referendum against nuclear power in Denmark

12 2000: Den sidste reaktor lukker

13 FUKUSHIMA; Japan 11.april 2011 Earth Quake 8,9 then ~12 m Tsunami: april2011

14 Meanwhile we became an oil producing country but how about the climate and CO 2?

15 Oil and gas is not sustainable......this is serious...

16 Klimaudfordringen på én slide DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

17 Hvad betyder det? Frederikssund efter stormen Bodil dec DTU Wind Energy, Technical Univ Roskilde efter stormen Bodil dec ersity of Denmark

18 Fortunately there is wind energy... Test Station for Large Wind Turbines Høvsøre - Risø DTU

19 DTU Vindenergi From resource to grid DTU Wind Energy 235 staff members Including 150 academic staff members and 50 PhD students DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

20 ... Risø DTU Test facility Høvsøre stands Max. 10 MW Max. height 165 m Test Station Risø 1979

21 Pris pr kwh cent/kwh... Wind Turbines become bigger and Bigger Airbus A380 vingefang 80m Year Årstal

22 Dansk energipolitik og målsætning Dansk energipolitik 2015 fokuserer nu på forsyningssikkerhed, klimahensyn og grøn vækst: 2020 mål 12% reduktion af bruttoenergiforbruget 30% vedvarende energi af samlede energiforbrug 50% vindenergi af elforbruget 10% vedvarende energi i transportsektoren 2050 mål: ingen fossile brændsler i energisystemet DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

23 Vindenergi i Danmark 2014 offshore onshore Dec 2014: På land Offshore 4849 MW <-> 1kW/dansker 3578 MW 1271 MW Antal vindmøller 5244 Source: Energistyrelsen Stamdataregister for vindmøller Elproduktion i TWh (40%) DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

24 Eksempel: En Vestas V164 Ø 164 m: P 3 ½ Av C [Watt] p Air Density; "ca. én liter mælk pr m " A Rotor Areal Ø m 4 v 1 Wind Speed [ ms ] C p Power coefficient [ ]

25 Eksempel: En Vestas V164 Ø 164 m: Air Density: 1.2 kg/m A v C Rotor Areal: m (2.1 Ha ~4 tønder land...) 4 1 Wind Speed: 10 [ ms ] p Power coefficient 0.45 P Av C MW 3 3 ½ p [Watt] =½ Vi er ca. 5.7 millioner mennesker, så én V164 mølle genererer, ved 10 m/s, ca. 1 Watt til hver dansker..

26 DK Wind 2014: 39% af dansk netto 30 TWH (el) Med ca. 5,7 millioner mennesker i Danmark og med 365X24 =8760 timer år => En danskers gennemsnitlige elforbrug (Power) var i 2014: Pnetto pr dansker 600 Watt hvoraf vindkraft dækkede 40% : P netto vind pr dansker 240 Watt Altså, 240 stk. V164 møller i 10m/s konstant vind kunne holde Danmark forsynet med 40% el i 2014 Men vi nåede samme mål med 5244 mindre møller

27 SODAR: SOund Detection And Ranging R.L Schwiesow, Probing the atmospheric boundary layer

28 LYD: Heimdal our first bi-static Wind Energy SODAR ( )

29 LYS -> Lidar : Høvsøre Dec Windscanner lidar test Spatial-resolution improved Stretch Pod Unit 107 (left) vs. Windscanner Unit 120 (right)

30 LYS: Our WindScanner Vision (2007 ff): WindScanners measuring wind and turbulence around operating wind turbine's at the test site at Høvsøre, Denmark:

31 Technology and Experiments 2015: Wind component Ground based Turbine mounted + others 3 D Applications 2 D Leosphere Source DTU 1 D Long-range Short-range Technology Leosphere Source Sgurr Source DTU WLS 200/400 S DTU long-range WindScanner DTU short-range WindScanner DTU short-range Scanner DTU SpinnerLidar Lidics

32 How does SODAR & LIDAR Doppler shift work? 1. Determines the Doppler shift in the backscattered signal, i.e.: f 2. Measures Δf in three different directions to determine all three wind components u i of the velocity vector u: f f i u c i Elastic Scatter => The Doppler Shift Eqs. f i 2u i

33 Doppler equation from dispersion relation Christian Doppler, Austria (1842) f B f0 U 1.5µ )

34 Intensity Wind lidars: Ideal Gaussian beam properties d t λ Colimated beam Far-field distance D FF 4 d 2 t R D FF Beam Divergence d t FWHM 2 4 f 2 ZRayleigh 2 2 dt Focussed beam f Minimum Waist ("diffraction limit"): d 0 4 f d t R

35 : Ground-based RS wind sensors Høvsøre, Denmark SODARS (2004) CW LIDARS (2006-) Pulsed LIDARS (2007-) DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 30 June 2015

36 Scanning of the flow above a steep 12-m high escarpment at the small isolated Bolund peninsula in the Roskilde fjord DTU Vindenergi, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet 29. maj 2015

37 Lidar Sigma-w turbulence 6 May :00 to 18:00 Boundary-layer height m. Entrainment zone 1300 m 1400 m

38 2015: NREL CART3

39 WindScanner (SpinnerLidar) UpWind 2D scanning from the rotating spinner of 2.3 MW NM wind speed measurement points are retrieved from the scanned wake every (other) second

40 Tak for opmærksomheden DTU Vindenergi