Data Documentation for the Danish National Election Study,

Transkript

1 Data Documentation for the Danish National Election Study, Table of contents 1. References Introduction Technical report Design and data collection Population og representativity Dropout Dropout from the election survey in Questionnaire and codebook Publications

2 1. References Original titles: - For- og eftervalgsundersøgelsen Vælgerundersøgelsen Valgundersøgelsen Gallup valgundersøgelse januar Valgundersøgelsen Valgundersøgelsen Valgundersøgelsen Valgundersøgelsen Valgundersøgelsen Valgundersøgelsen Valgundersøgelsen Valgundersøgelsen Valgundersøgelsen 2001, hovedundersøgelsen - Valgundersøgelsen Valgundersøgelsen Valgundersøgelsen 2011 Primary investigators: and 1973: Ole Borre, Erik Damgaard, Ole Tonsgård, Hans Jørgen Nielsen, Steen Sauerberg and Torben Worre and 1977: Ole Borre, Hans Jørgen Nielsen, Steen Sauerberg and Torben Worre , 1981 and 1984: Jørgen Goul Andersen, Ole Borre, Ingemar Glans, Hans Jørgen Nielsen, Steen Sauerberg and Torben Worre : Ole Borre, Jørgen Goul Andersen, Ingemar Glans, Lise Togeby, Karen Siune, Palle Svensson, Ole Tonsgård, Hans Jørgen Nielsen, Steen Sauerberg and Torben Worre : Hans Jørgen Nielsen, Steen Sauerberg and Torben Worre : Jørgen Goul Andersen, Ole Borre, Steen Sauerberg, Hans Jørgen Nielsen and Torben Worre : Jørgen Goul Andersen and Ole Borre : Jørgen Goul Andersen, Johannes Andersen, Ole Borre and Hans Jørgen Nielsen : Jørgen Goul Andersen, Ole Borre, Hans Jørgen Nielsen, Johannes Andersen, Søren Risbjerg Thomsen and Jørgen Elklit : Jørgen Goul Andersen : Jørgen Goul Andersen and Kasper Møller Hansen : Rune Stubager, Kasper Møller Hansen and Jørgen Goul Andersen. 2

3 This document is based upon the following: - DDA-007, 2. edition (by Astrid Bogh Lauritzen og Per Nielsen). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv DDA-008, 2. edition (by Astrid Bogh Lauritzen og Per Nielsen). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv DDA-0016, 3. edition (by Lone Borgersen, Gitte Strøh og Per Nielsen). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv DDA-166, 2. edition (by Mogens Glad og Astrid B. Lauritzen). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv DDA-0287, 2. edition (by Poul Mortensen og Astrid Bogh Lauritzen). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv DDA edition (by Lone Borgersen og Per Nielsen). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv DDA-0772, 1. edition (by Ralph Bjørn Eriksen og Per Nielsen). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv DDA-1340, 2. edition (by Astrid Bogh Lauritzen, Jesper Baltzer Nielsen and Karsten Boye Rasmussen). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv DDA-1432, 1. edition (by Astrid Bogh Lauritzen, Anders Rud Svenning and Per Nielsen). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv DDA-1564, 2. edition (by Kirsten Lund Hansen, Jesper Baltzer Nielsen and Karsten Boye Rasmussen). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv DDA-2210, 1. edition (by Jette Strand and Jens Wagner). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv DDA edition (by Birgitte Grønlund Jensen, Jens Wagner and Lene Wul). Dansk Data Arkiv DDA edition (by Henning Lauritsen, Birgitte Grønlund Jensen and Jens Wagner). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv DDA-18184, 1. edition (by Birgitte Grønlund Jensen and Paw M. K. Gyldenkærne). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv DDA-26471, 1. udgave (ved Birgitte Grønlund Jensen og Nønne Maalø Larsen). Odense, Dansk Data Arkiv Valgundersøgelsen 2011 Teknisk Rapport. Aarhus Universitet Introduction This data documentation publication has been prepared on the basis of 16 Danish general election surveys. The surveys have been collected continuously immediately after the 16 general elections, which have taken place in the period from 1971 to In one case, regarding the election in 1971, data was collected both immediately before and after the election. The purpose of the studies is to contribute to research about elections and voting behaviour. The individual studies concern one specific general election and the political issues, which were important during this election. In some studies, however, questions about county and municipal elections are included. The questions raised in the surveys deal with the respondent s party preferences including a question about which party the respondent actually voted for at the general election and what the respondent 3

4 perceives as the election s main political topic. In addition to these 'choices specific' questions, questions, which attempt to uncover the respondents' political views as well as the political issues, which the respondent considers important, are included in the surveys. The aim of these questions is to describe the general political debate. Furthermore the studies contain a number of media questions and questions dealing with the respondent's interest in various political problems. These questions focus on the 'great' problems such as nuclear power, the European Union and Democracy - which of course varies from year to year - and the respondent's involvement in political discussions. Finally, the respondent's class affiliation, organizational membership and employment situation (unemployment) is clarified. The following keywords are relevant regarding the surveys: decision time; user charge; democracy; the public sector; refugee policy; general election; constitutional treaty; globalization; green politics; attitude towards politicians; interest in politics; international conflict; mass media; membership of a political party; compassionate confidence; public debate; public expenditure; party leader; party preference; politician; political party; political position; tax cut; welfare spending; voting; voting intention; sentencing; life satisfaction; trust; outsourcing of public functions; choice; election campaigns; voting behaviour; economic situation. 4

5 3. Technical report 3.1. Design and data collection Below is a summary of the number of respondents and variables included in the 16 election surveys. The collection period and data collector is also apparent in the table. Table 1: Overview of the election surveys from 1971 to Number of respondents, number of variables, collection time and data collector. Survey Number of respondents Number of variables Collection period Data collector General election survey August October 1971 SFI General election survey December 1973 SFI General election survey January 1975 Gallup General election survey February 1977 Gallup General election survey October November 1979 Gallup General election survey December 1981 Gallup General election survey January February 1984 Gallup General election survey September December 1987 Gallup General election survey May June 1988 Gallup General election survey January 1991 Gallup General election survey October December 1994 Gallup General election survey Marts June 1998 ACNielsen AIM General election survey November 2001 March 2002 Gallup General election survey February august 2005 Gallup General election survey November 2007 June 2008 Gallup General election survey September December 2011 SFI-Survey Throughout all years data has been gathered via oral interviews based on structured questionnaires with a few open questions. With the aim of eliminating dropout the interviewers visited each respondent up to three times. Moreover, in 2007 and 2011 it was possible to complete the questionnaire via the Internet, and in 2007 is was also possible to answer the questionnaire on paper. In a few of the surveys the respondents are part of a panel. This is the case in connection with the surveys from 1971 and In these years three panel waves are included. The first wave was begun in August 1971 just before election was announced. The second wave was begun after the election was announced in October And the third wave was begun in December 1973 after the election. In the surveys from 2001 and 2005 there are also panel data, as part of the respondents in 2001 were re-interviewed in

6 3.2. Population og representativity The population of the 16 surveys is Danish citizens aged 18 and above. The two tables below, table 2 and 3, show how representative the 16 election studies are compared to the Danish population on the following parameters: gender and age (categorized in intervals). Overall, the tables indicate that the election surveys are more representative in terms of gender than age-wise. 6

7 Table 2: Gender distribution in the election surveys from 1971 to 2011 compared to the Danish population. Number and percentage. Gender (number) Gender (%) Men Women I alt Men Women In all Election survey ,4 50,6 100 Danish population ,7 50,3 100 Election survey ,4 47,6 100 Danish population ,6 50,4 100 Election survey ,5 50,5 100 Danish population , ,5 50,5 100 Election survey ,5 50,5 100 Danish population ,5 50,5 100 Election survey ,3 52,7 100 Danish population ,4 50,6 100 Election survey ,0 51,0 100 Danish population ,8 51,2 100 Election survey ,6 53,4 100 Danish population ,9 51,1 100 Election survey ,2 55,8 100 Danish population ,9 51,1 100 Election survey ,3 54,7 100 Danish population ,8 51,2 100 Election survey ,6 53,4 100 Danish population ,8 51,2 100 Election survey ,3 49,7 100 Danish population ,8 51,2 100 Election survey ,0 46,0 100 Danish population ,6 50,4 100 Election survey ,4 47,6 100 Danish population ,6 50,4 100 Election survey ,4 45,6 100 Danish population ,7 53,3 100 Election survey ,7 49,7 100 Danish population ,7 53,3 100 Election survey ,4 50,6 100 Danish population ,9 50,1 100 Note: The figures for the representativeness among the Danish population in the years 1971, 1973, 1975, 1977 and 1979 are based on the entire Danish population. Due to lack of data the 0-18 year olds are included. In the remaining years the representativeness among the Danish population is based on the year. Source: Statistikbanken ( hisb3, ratios of population ( ) by stock and year; Statistikbanken ( People 2 Population 1 January by sex, age, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship ( ) by age, sex, citizenship, and year. 7

8 Regarding age, the youngest age group, the year olds, are under-represented in all election surveys except the one from On the other hand, the two oldest age groups, the year olds and 70 years and older, are over-represented in most of the studies. While the year olds are consistently overrepresented, there is a greater fluctuation concerning the oldest age group, which is also under-represented in a number of the studies. This under-representation among the oldest in the survey from 2011 may be explained by a deliberate under sampling of this age group. There is a high degree of congruence between the distribution of electoral studies and the Danish population for the last three age groups, the year olds, the year olds and the year olds. Table 3: Age distribution of the election surveys from 1971 to 2011 compared to the Danish population. Number and percentage years years years years years 70 years + Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Election survey , , , , , ,0 Danish population , , , , , ,3 Election survey , , , , ,1 19,9 Danish population , , , , , ,7 Election survey , , , , ,2 20,7 Danish population , , , , , ,9 Election survey , , , , ,4 19,1 Danish population , , , , , ,0 Election survey , , , ,0 86 8,8 21,7 Danish population , , , , , ,1 Election survey , , , , ,5 19,6 Danish population , , , , , ,3 Election survey , , , , , ,2 Danish population , , , , , ,2 Election survey , , , , , ,7 Danish population , , , , , ,1 Election survey , , , , , ,1 Danish population , , , , , ,1 Election survey , , , , , ,8 Danish population , , , , , ,2 Election survey , , , , , ,0 Danish population , , , , , ,9 Note: Due to lack of data the following years are not included in the table: 1971, 1973, 1975, 1977 and Source: Statistikbanken ( People 2 Population 1 January by sex, age, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship ( ) by age, nationality and years. Tables 4 and 5 show the geographical distribution of the election surveys. Table 4 shows the distribution by county constituencies for the election surveys from 1990, 1994 and Since the coun- 8

9 ties were abolished in 2007, table 5 shows the distribution by the larger constituencies for the election surveys from 2007 and Table 4: Geographical distribution of the election surveys from 1990 to 1998 compared to the Danish population. Percent. Copenhagen- Frederiksberg County Election survey 1990 Danish population 1990 Election survey 1994 Danish population 1994 Election survey 1998 Danish population ,4 11,4 8,4 11,1 10,5 11,1 Copenhagen County 14,0 11,6 7,6 11,5 12,6 11,3 Frederiksborg County 7,2 6,5 3,9 6,6 3,4 6,7 Roskilde County 2,8 4,2 6,0 4,3 4,4 4,3 Vestsjællands County 4,9 5,5 5,5 5,6 3,3 5,6 Storstrøms County 3,9 5,1 7,2 5,1 8,3 5,0 Bornholms County 1,2 0,9 1,4 0,9 1,3 0,9 Fyns County 10,4 9,0 10,1 9,1 10,6 9,0 Sønderjyllands County 4,9 4,8 4,0 4,8 4,2 4,7 Ribe County 6,4 4,2 6,9 4,2 4,2 4,2 Vejle County 3,7 6,4 8,3 6,5 4,8 6,5 Ringkøbing County 5,2 5,0 4,2 5,1 5,8 5,1 Aarhus County 10,6 11,6 10,1 11,8 12,5 11,9 Viborg County 5,2 4,4 6,3 4,4 5,7 4,4 Nordjyllands County 9,3 9,4 9,9 9,4 9,1 9,4 Source: Statistisk Yearbook: 1991, 1995 & 1999 (Danmarks Statistik). Table 5: Geographical distribution of the election surveys from 2007 and 2011 compared to the Danish population. Percentage. Election survey 2007 Danish population 2007 Election survey 2011 Danish population 2011 Københavns Storkreds 11,4 11,7 10,3 13,1 Københavns Omegns Storkreds 8,6 9,0 7,9 9,2 Nordsjællands Storkreds 8,3 8,1 7,4 7,8 Sjællands Storkreds 14,4 15,2 13,2 14,7 Bornholms Storkreds 1,1 0,8 0,8 0,7 Fyns Storkreds 9,6 9,0 8,5 8,1 Sydjyllands Storkreds 13,1 12,8 13,3 13,4 Østjyllands Storkreds 13,6 13,4 18,2 13,4 Vestjyllands Storkreds 8,8 9,4 11,4 9,1 Nordjyllands Storkreds 11,1 10,8 9,0 10,5 Source: Danmarks Statistik: General election in 2007 and 2011 after landsdele, storkredse and opstillingskredse. 9

10 3.3. Dropout In table 6 below the dropout from the 16 election surveys is presented. 79% of the respondents who were contacted participated in the studies. The average drop across the studies is 34.2%. The biggest dropout was experienced in 1998, where 42% of the extracted sample is not included in the final study. On the other hand the survey from 1973 has the smallest dropout. The dropout from this year is 23.9%. Table 6: The dropout rate in the election surveys from 1971 to Gross sample Net sample Dropout in percent Election survey ,4 Election survey ,9 Election survey ,6 Election survey ,1 Election survey ,7 Election survey ,5 Election survey ,7 Election survey ,9 Election survey ,1 Election survey Election survey Election survey ,0 Election survey ,3 Election survey ,5 Election survey Election survey ,6 Note: See the section below for further details of the method of data collection and the dropout in connection with the election survey from Dropout from the election survey in 2007 As shown in the table above 4,018 respondents are included in the election survey from The data was collected through a combination of face-to-face interviews (735 respondents), selfcompleted questionnaires that were either returned by mail (526 respondents) or electronic (181 respondents), and respondents from Gallup's online panel (2,576 respondents). On the 1 st of March 72% of all respondents had completed the questionnaire in one way or another. The response rate for the respondents, which were included in Gallup s online panel, was 43% and the combined response rate for the other parts of the survey was 32%. 4. Questionnaire and codebook The questions used for each survey can be seen in the attached appendix. The appendix consists of 16 DDA documents, one for each of the election surveys from 1971 through These documents contain both the variable names from the datasets and the related question exactly as they 10

11 were asked the respondents. The questions from the questionnaires can therefore be linked to the variables in the datasets by using these DDA documents. In the datasets there are two types of missing data: The unspecified category is coded 9 (99, 999, etc., depending on the width of the variable). This category indicates lack of information for the given respondent. The irrelevant category is coded 10 (100, 1000, etc.) and used by filtered variables. 5. Publications The main publications about the previous elections: The election in 2011: Krisevalg. Økonomien og Folketingsvalget Redigeret af Rune Stubager, Kasper Møller Hansen and Jørgen Goul Andersen, Jurist- og Økonomiforbundets Forlag, The election in 2005: Det nye politiske landskab. Folketingsvalget 2005 i perspektiv. Redigeret af Jørgen Goul Andersen, Ole Borre, Kasper Møller Hansen, Hans Jørgen Nielsen, Aarhus: Academica, The election in 2001: Politisk forandring. Værdipolitik og nye skillelinjer by folketingsvalget Redigeret af Jørgen Goul Andersen and Ole Borre. Aarhus: Systime, The election in 1998: Vælgere med omtanke. Johannes Andersen, Ole Borre, Jørgen Goul Andersen and Hans Jørgen Nielsen. Aarhus: Systime, The election in 1994: Voting and Political Attitudes in Denmark. Ole Borre and Jørgen Goul Andersen. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, The election in 1990: De uregerlige vælgere: valgkamp, medier og vælgere by folketingsvalget Lars Bille, Hans Jørgen Nielsen, Steen Sauerberg. København: Columbus, The elections in 1988 og 1987: To folketingsvalg. Vælgerholdninger og vælgeradfærd i 1987 og Jørgen Elklit and Ole Tonsgaard (red.). Aarhus: Politica, 1989 The election in 1984 (and the previous elections): 11

12 Valg og vælgeradfærd. Studier i dansk politik. Jørgen Elklit and Ole Tonsgaard (red.). Aarhus: Politica, The election in 1979: Efter vælgerskredet. Analyser af folketingsvalget Ole Borre et al. Aarhus: Politica, The elections in 1975, 1973 and 1971: Vælgere i 70'erne: resultater fra interviewundersøgelser by folketingsvalgene i 1971, 1973 og Ole Borre. København: Akademisk Forlag, 1976 The elections in 1973 and 1971: Vælgerskreddet Arbejdspapirer fra en interviewundersøgelse. Ole Borre, Hans Jørgen Nielsen, Steen Sauerberg and Torben Worre. Eget forlag,