Christian Juul Terkelsen, Ingunn Skogstad Riddervold, Lars Knudsen

Transkript

1 Abstract 1 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Peter Martin Hansen peter.hansen@ph.rm.dk Den Landsdækkende Akutlægehelikopter Præhospitalet, Region Midtjylland, Aarhus Christian Juul Terkelsen, Ingunn Skogstad Riddervold, Lars Knudsen Heliport proximity is crucial in reducing treatment delay in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction transported by helicopter - HELIPROXY STUDY Tekst Introduction: Since 2014, HEMS (Helicopter Emergency Medical System) has been an integrated part of the emergency medical system, providing fast and high-competence helicopter transport of patients to highly specialized care. Different heliport solutions at the receiving hospitals may have an impact on the time delay from landing to treatment (LTT). In this study, we compared the time delay from landing to arrival at the catheterization laboratory in patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) accepted for primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (ppci) at one of the four PCI centers in Denmark. We hypothesized that heliport proximity strongly influence the LTT. Methods: We prospectively recorded the time from the landing at the heliport to arrival at the catheterization laboratory, at the four PCI-centers, from October 1st 2014 to December 31st 2016 in all STEMI patients transported by HEMS Denmark. LTT was compared between two PCI center with heliports at the hospital, and two centers with heliport at distance from hospital which necessitated ground transportation in ambulance. Results.: 1163 patients were included in the study. 310 were excluded due to missing data. The two hospitals with hospital based heliports showed shorter LTT (5 ± 2.18 and 6 ± 2.94) compared to the two hospitals with heliport outside the hospital (9 ± 3.94 and 12 ± 3.49, p<0.001). Discussion: The results of this study demonstrates the importance of heliport proximity in reducing LTT in STEMI patients. In Denmark, the Government has planned a multi-billion upgrade of the university hospitals including new locations. Many essential investments in logistics and pending renewals at the older units have been cancelled or postponed. That is also the case of heliports in at least to of the university hospitals. However, due to delays in the new units, the current solution for time-critical patients is sub-standard. Near-fatal incidents have been reported due to insufficient landing sites. The higher LTT at the suboptimal heliports can be calculated to flying distance, suggesting that a very expensive HEMS system is not fully utilized due to the economic challenges that the Danish National Health System is facing presently. But from a professional point of view, it seems irrational that reluctancy towards relatively small investments compromises the chain of survival in time-cri tical patients and renders a HEMS organization with very high ambitions with a difficult task. Conclusion: Hospital based heliports ensures shorter time delay from landing to pppci in patients with STEMI. We strongly recommend that heliports are located close to the treating facility. Transfer from landing site to hospital by ground ambulance seems unfeasible in time critical patients.

2 HELIPROXY RESULTS OUH RH SKS AAUH Assessed Included % Heliport -> Sgh Median 9 ± ± ± ± 3.49 Patient Time Median 50 ± ± ± ± LTT Median 9 ± ± ± ± 3.49 Mission Total Median 137 ± ± ± ± 31.99

3 Abstract 2 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Rasmus Ejlersgård Christensen rasmus.ejlersgaard.christensen@regionh.dk Anæstesi- og operationsklinikken og Traumecentret HovedOrtoCentret, Rigshospitalet Medforfattere Rasmus E. Christensen, Josefine Stokholm Bækgaard, Trine G. Eskesen, Jacob Steinmetz, Lars S. Rasmussen Overskrift * Hvornår fjernes halskraven hos traumepatienter, hvis den kliniske undersøgelse er usikker? Introduktion: Hos traumepatienter anvendes stiv halskrave for at stabilisere columna cervikalis, selvom dette kan medføre en række ulemper. Halskraven kan ofte fjernes efter klinisk undersøgelse, men hvis denne er usikker, må man afvente billeddiagnostik. Formålet med studiet var at undersøge, hvor lang tid der går, før halskraven fjernes hos traumepatienter med en usikker klinisk undersøgelse samt årsagerne hertil. Desuden ville vi undersøge forekomsten af mulige komplikationer til brug af halskrave. Metode: I et prospektivt studie inkluderede vi i perioden fra februar til juni 2017 patienter med anlagt stiv halskrave, hvor den kliniske undersøgelse af cervikale columna var usikker. Den primære analyse fokuserede på tiden fra ankomst til traumecenter til fjernelse af halskraven. Vi registrerede desuden tiden fra ankomst til CT-scanning og komplikationer under indlæggelsen. Undersøgelsen var godkendt af Datatilsynet, mens etisk komite besluttede, at projektet ikke krævede deres godkendelse. Resultater: Vi inkluderede 57 patienter med en median alder på 47 år. Af disse havde 41 patienter (71,9 %) væsentlige skader, flest svarende til thorax (38,6 %) eller ekstremiteter (33,3 %). Mediantiden fra ankomst til fjernelse af halskraven var 49 minutter (interkvartil range (IQR): 39-68). Vi fandt en positiv korrelation mellem injury severity score (ISS) og tid til fjernelse af halskraven (P=0,009). De hyppigste årsager til usikker klinisk undersøgelse var sedation (24,6 %), smerter som følge af distraherende skader (22,8 %) og forgiftning (14 %). CT-scanning blev brugt til at udelukke skader på columna cervikalis hos alle patienter, og mediantiden fra ankomst til CT-scanning var 17,5 minutter (IQR: 14-22). Ingen blev MR skannet. Hos 18 af patienterne (31,6 %) opstod en eller flere komplikationer potentielt relateret til halskraven under indlæggelsen, og dette omfattede behov for mekanisk ventilation (28,1 %), infektioner (19,3 %) og forhøjet intrakranielt tryk (12,3 %). I alt 9 patienter (15,8 %) døde på hospitalet primært på baggrund af svære hovedtraumer. En patient havde forbigående neurologiske symptomer, men ingen fik permanente neurologiske skader. Diskussion: Vi fandt, at CT-scanning blev brugt til at udelukke læsioner i columna cervikalis i de tilfælde, hvor den kliniske undersøgelse var usikker. Halskraven kunne fjernes hos flertallet inden for 1 time. Hos patienter med høj ISS var halskraven anlagt længere tid, formentlig fordi initiale behandling tog længere tid. Det er en begrænsning, at de neurologiske følger ikke kunne vurderes hos patienter, der afgik ved døden, men ingen patienter havde objektive symptomer på neurologiske skader i columna cervikalis. Konklusion: Hos traumepatienter, hvor klinisk undersøgelse af columna cervikalis var usikker, blev en anlagt halskrave fjernet hos flertallet indenfor 1 time på baggrund af CT-scanning.

4 Abstract 3 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Nina Buch nina.buch@clin.au.dk Operation og Intensiv Syd Aarhus Universitetshospital Nanna Finnerup, Erisela Qerama, Lone Nikolajsen Neuromas as the cause of neuropathic pain in amputees? Tekst Background and aims: Post-amputation pain is highly prevalent but remains a challenging condition to treat. Peripheral nerve injury caused by accidental or surgical trauma (e.g. after amputation) may lead to the formation of neuromas. These neuromas can be painful, especially due to pressure from prosthetic devices. However, the association between neuromas and neuropathic pain in amputees is not fully understood. This ongoing study examines whether neuromas are more frequent in patients experiencing pain after amputation than in patients without pain. Methods: In this observational cohort study, 80 patients with amputation will be recruited. Patients will undergo an interview (cause of amputation, duration of pain, and type of pain: phantom pain, phantom sensations, and residual limb pain), answer pain questionnaires and go through a clinical examination. This examination includes testing of sensory abnormalities including allodynia and hyperalgesia within the area of spontaneous pain. Neuromas are identified using high resolution (6-18MHz) ultrasound by an investigator blinded to the patient s history of pain. Elastography and cross sectional areas of the neuromas are measured with ultrasound, and pressure pain thresholds are measured by a hand-held pressure algometer. Results: Patient inclusion is ongoing. At present, 45 amputees have participated in the study: 29 males and 16 females, aged patients had lower extremity amputations and 13 had upper extremity amputation. 73% amputees had one or more than one neuroma. 21 patients suffered from either persistent phantom pain or attacks of phantom pain. 16 patients suffered from stump pain and 11 patients were pain-free. As shown in figure 1, no significant difference was seen in the prevalence of stump pain, intermittent phantom pain, and persistent phantom pain when comparing patients with and without ultrasound-verified neuromas. A very high percentage of patients were experiencing sensory abnormalities including hypo- or hyperesthesia. 21 patients had hyperalgesia and 12 patients had allodynia. Figure 2 shows the percentage of patients with and without neuromas experiencing sensory abnormalities, hyperalgesia, and allodynia. Conclusion: Preliminary data show no association between the occurrence of neither stump nor phantom pain and the presence of neuromas at the amputation site. Sensory abnormalities, pinprick hyperalgesia, and brush- and/or cold-evoked allodynia are common findings at the site of the stump, regardless of the occurrence of neuromas. Hopefully, this study will increase our understanding of the role of neuromas in patients with pain after peripheral nerve injury and amputation.

5 Fig. 1 Fig. 2

6 Abstract 4 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Nikolaj Rongsted Milandt, MD Nikolaj.Rongsted.Milandt@rsyd.dk Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Kolding Hospital, Sygehusvej 24, DK-6000 Kolding Rasmus W Hauritz, MD Anesthesia strategies for internal fixation of distal radial fractures in adults - A retrospective comparison of postoperative outcomes Tekst Introduction Distal radial fractures (DRF) are common in adults, especially among the elderly. Osteosynthesis (OS) with internal fixation is often necessary for acceptable orthopedic outcomes. To ensure surgical anesthesia, several strategies are available: Most common is ultrasound guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) of the brachial plexus, either alone or in combination with sedation or general anesthesia (GA). If GA is chosen, alone or combined with UGRA, a period of postoperative observation in a post-anesthetic care unit (PACU) is mandatory to monitor vital organ function and postoperative pain and nausea. At our department, patients are eligible for return to the surgical wards if they are sufficiently awake, free of nausea and with pain scores NRS < 3 (Numeric Rating Scale). In this retrospective study of patients with DRF, we aimed to investigate if OS done by UGRA compared to GA resulted in reduced postoperative pain, nausea or stay in the PACU. Method We reviewed the Danish Anesthesia Database (DAD), identifying adult patients (age >= 18 years) receiving DRF OS at Kolding Hospital, Denmark from February 2015 to May Patients were excluded if they received regional anesthesia apart from brachial plexus blocks (n = 14) or had PACU observation periods exceeding 300 minutes (n = 2). All nerve blocks were single-shot UGRA procedures performed or supervised by skilled regional anesthetists prior to surgery. All types of GA were included in the analysis. Patients were grouped into a UGRA only (n = 68), UGRA+GA (n = 300) or GA only group (n = 81). The observation period in the PACU (PACU time, minutes), maximal postoperative nausea score (0-3) and pain scores (NRS 0-10) were reviewed in DAD. Patients returning to the ward immediately following surgery was assigned an observation period of 0. Results We included 449 cases of DRF OS, 78% were female, median age 65 years. The majority was anesthetized with a UGRA+GA approach. Infraclavicular UGRA technique was dominating (65%). The UGRA group had significantly reduced PACU time when compared to the GA groups (median 0 vs. 60 and 66 min, p < 0.001). This reduction was affected by eligibility for immediate discharge to the ward in 79% of patients. Postoperative nausea scores were significantly lower in the UGRA group when compared to UGRA+GA. Opioid-demanding pain (NRS > 3) was significantly more frequent in the GA group. Discussion For short PACU stay with low incidence of nausea and pain, we found surgical anesthesia with UGRA alone superior to GA or combination techniques. Patients with DRF scheduled for OS is likely to benefit from less nausea, pain and a short PACU stay. However, prospective studies are needed to verify long term outcomes and whether reduced PACU time can benefit the hospital organization.

7 Conclusion Adult patients given UGRA as only surgical anesthesia for OS of DRF had shorter observation periods in a PACU and less nausea and pain compared to patients receiving GA.

8 Abstract 5 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Anton Lund antonlund2@gmail.com Neuroanæstesiologisk Klinik Rigshospitalet Mette B. Damholt, Jørgen Wiis, Ditte G. Strange, Kirsten Møller Intracranial pressure during renal replacement therapy in patients with acute brain injury Tekst Background: Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS), a severe neurological complication of hemodialysis, may result in cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension. Patients with pre-existing acute brain injury are likely at increased risk. We examined intracranial pressure (ICP) during renal replacement therapy (RRT) in this patient population. Materials and methods: Patients with acute brain injury treated with intermittent RRT (IRRT) or continuous RRT (CRRT) while undergoing ICP monitoring were examined in a retrospective cohort. Data were collected during each patients first session of RRT, where the risk of DDS is theoretically at its highest. Area under the curve divided by time (AUC/t) for ICP was calculated before and during dialysis. Results: Thirteen patients, 9 undergoing CRRT and 4 undergoing IRRT, were included. During RRT, ICP increased from a baseline of 11.9 mmhg (median; interquartile range ) to a maximum of 21 mmhg (18-27) (p = ), and AUC/t for ICP was greater during dialysis (15.2 ( ) vs mmhg ( ), p = 0.042). The increase was independent of dialysis modality, but occurred earlier in patients treated with IRRT compared to CRRT (75 (30-90) vs. 375 min ( ) after start of treatment, p = ). The maximum increase in ICP during RRT was correlated to plasma urea concentration before start of treatment (Spearman s r = 0.69, p = 0.017). Conclusion: RRT is associated with increased ICP in neurocritically ill patients, and the magnitude of the increase is related to initial plasma urea levels.

9 Abstract 6 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Anders Peder Højer Karlsen andersphkarlsen@gmail.com Anæstesiologisk Afdeling SUH Køge Jørgen B. Dahl, Ole Mathiesen Less bias and larger trial sample size on the horizon for postoperative pain management research after total hip and knee arthroplasty Tekst Introduction: The established evidence in postoperative pain management after total hip and knee arthroplasty is flawed by bias and small trial sample sizes. These factors can create imprecise and exaggerated treatment effect estimates. Each of the seven Cochrane bias domain can individually exaggerate positive intervention effects. To avoid this CONSORT guidelines and Cochrane Collaborations bias recommendations were developed. Unfortunately, not all trials adhere to these standards. We investigated the development of risk of bias and trial sample size over time to detect recurrent issues impeding fulfilment of these contemporary quality standards. Methods: This is a post-hoc analysis of 171 trials from two systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials that investigated the procedure-specific evidence of all postoperative pain-relieving interventions after total hip or knee arthroplasty (Ref. 1). The co-primary outcomes were developments in risk of bias over time and trial sample size. For each trial a cumulated bias score ranging from 0-14 was calculated based on the seven Cochrane bias domains. Results: Included trials were published from 1989 to In this period the mean cumulated risk of bias score declined from 6.0 to 2.5. Primary bias domains improved significantly (Fig. 2). The percentage of high domains decreased significantly, while the number of low domains increased. The proportion of trials at unclear or high risk of bias in the time period compared with changed from 68% to 21% for random sequence generation, from 91% to 59% for allocation concealment, from 77% to 41% for blinding of participants and personnel, from 50% to 27% for blinding of outcome assessors, from 23% to 19% for incomplete outcome data, from 14% to 18% for selective outcome reporting and from 32% to 28% for other bias. The mean total trial sample size increased from 48 to 87 patients (Fig. 2). The risk of sample size bias was high (<50 patients) in 58 trials, moderate (50 to 199 patients) in 109 trials, lower ( patients) in 3 trials, and low ( 500 patients) in 1 trial. Discussion: Our finding are reflected in a review of trials in the general research literature (Ref. 2). Evidence suggest that trials including participants report 34% larger intervention effects compared with trials including >1000 participants, probably due to publication bias (Ref. 3). Thus, we have not reached the goal for trial sample size yet. Conclusion: Measures to reduce bias have improved through the years especially for randomisation, allocation and blinding, but

10 are not yet optimal. The risk of bias could be minimised by strictly following CONSORT-guidelines. Further, prioritising up-scale trials could reduce the risk of overestimated intervention effects. Ref. 1: Karlsen et al. doi: /j.pain Ref. 2: Dechartres et al. doi: /bmj.j2490. Ref. 3: Dechartres et al. doi: /bmj.f2304

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12 Abstract 7 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Stine Estrup sed@regionsjaelland.dk Anæstesiologisk afdeling Sjællands Universitetshospital, Køge Cilia KW Kjer, Frederik Vilhelmsen, Lone Museaus Poulsen, Ismail Gøgenur, Ole Mathiesen Cognitive function three months after intensive care a prospective cohort study Tekst Introduction Studies have shown impaired cognitive function after Intensive Care Unit (ICU) discharge affecting significant aspects of life for both patients and their families, including institutionalization, independency and mortality. We aimed to describe long-term cognitive functions in a Danish cohort of patients who had been treated in an ICU. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of all adult patients admitted for more than 24 hours in the period of February 1st 2016 to January 31st 2017 at the ICU, Zealand University Hospital, Koege. Exclusion criteria were severe dementia, inability to communicate in Danish (including aphasia, deafness or severe brain damage), moribund or actively psychotic patients, transferal to another ICU, and patients living outside the Region of Zealand. Three months after discharge, a home visit took place and the patients were tested with Repeatable Battery for the Assessments of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment Tool (CPAx), Short Form Health Survey (SF 36) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Information about use of medication and healthcare since hospital discharge was recorded. The results of CPAx, SF36 and HADS are reported in a following paper. Results A total of 504 ICU admissions, with 444 patients, were screened, 161 patients were included and 79 home visits took place. Median age was 70 (IQR 63-76) yrs., 55% was male and 35% were surgical patients. The mean RBANS score was 67 (SD 21), compared to an age corrected normal value of 100 (SD 15). We examined protective and risk factors using multiple linear regression (Table 2) and found protective associated effects of being employed before admission (p=0.005) and being admitted to ICU from a surgical ward (p=0.019). Discussion We found a RBANS score that was two standard deviations below normal level, corresponding to the cognitive function of patients with mild Alzheimers disease. As we do not know the pre-admission cognitive level of these ICU patients, results should be interpreted carefully. Conclusion In this prospective cohort study, we found reduced cognitive function three months after discharge from the ICU and that surgical admission and pre-admission employment was associated with a better cognitive function.

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14 Abstract 8 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Stine Estrup sed@regionsjaelland.dk Anæstesiologisk afdeling Sjællands Universitetshospital, Køge Cilia KW Kjer, Frederik Vilhelmsen, Lone Musaeus Poulsen, Ismail Gøgenur, Ole Mathiesen Physical function and actigraphy in intensive care survivors a prospective cohort study Tekst Introduction Impaired physical function after treatment in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) affecting long term outcome and mortality has been demonstrated. Early mobilization in the ICU has shown a positive effect on outcomes. We wanted to study the association between level of activity in the ward after discharge from ICU and the physical function at threemonth follow-up. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of all adult patients admitted for more than 24 hours in a one-year the period at the ICU, Zealand University Hospital, Koege. The present study is a sub-study on these patients from September 21st 2016 to January 31st Exclusion criteria for the main study were severe dementia, inability to communicate in Danish, moribund or actively psychotic patients, transferal to another ICU, and patients living outside the Region of Zealand. For this sub-study, we also excluded paralyzed patients. Included patients were equipped with an Actigraph (Ambulatory Monitoring Ardsley, NY, USA) at discharge from ICU and monitored for 7 days at the ward or until death or discharge from hospital. At discharge from the ICU and at the three months post-discharge home visit, patients were tested with the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment Tool (CPAx). Results We screened 66 patients for inclusion. Forty-one patients completed the actigraphy measurement. A total of 19 patients were available for follow up visit at three months and were included in the analyses. Mean (SD) age were 72 (10) years, 59% were males and 36% were admitted from a surgical ward (Table 1). The CPAx increased significantly from ICU-discharge, median (IQR): 31 (23-41) to follow-up, 47 (44-49), p< Seventeen of nineteen patients improved CPAx level over time (Fig. 1). The maximum reference CPAx level is 50. We found a negative association between actigraphy measured activity and change in CPAx; (regression slope estimate pr activity counts pr. day: (-0.18; ), p=0.028). Discussion In this sample of 19 patients, we found that nearly all had improved their physical function from ICU discharge to 3 months after ICU treatment. The few that did not improve, kept their high functional score. A higher activity level at the ward was associated with a smaller increase in the CPAx-measured physical function. This could be due to ceiling effect or that these patients had good physical function before their admission. It remains to be shown if patients with low activity measurements will benefit from extra rehabilitation efforts. Conclusion In this prospective cohort, we found that all patients maintained or improved their physical function form ICU discharge to three-month follow-up. We also found a negative correlation between level of early physical activity in the ward and difference in physical function from ICU discharge to three-month follow-up.

15 Table 1: Demographics and clinical characteristics Included (n=44) Visited (n=19) p-value difference visited/not visited Age, years, mean (SD) 72 (10) 69 (10) 0.12 Gender, male % BMI, mean (SD) 28 (8) 31 (10) Opioids, % Admission type, surgical % LOS hosp, days, median (IQR) 17 (12-33) 18 (12-33) 0.33 LOS ICU, days, median (IQR) 4 (2-7) 3 (2-8) 0.84 SAPS II, mean (SD) 54 (15) 49 (14) APACHE II, mean (SD) 20 (6) 18 (5) 0.14 Mortality, % 27 Ventilator, %

16 Abstract 9 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Anders Møller dr.andersm@gmail.com Anæstesi- og Intensivafdelingen Slagelse Sygehus Anders Møller, Henning Bay Nielsen, Jørn Wetterslev, Ole Pedersen, Dorthe Hellemann, Klaus Marcussen, Benedicte Ramsing, Anette Mortensen and Saeid Shahidi Low versus high haemoglobin trigger for perioperative separation of red blood cell Transfusion in Vascular surgery: a randomised trial (The TV trial) Tekst Introduction: Vascular surgical patients have high rates of cardiovascular disease making them vulnerable to ischaemia following blood loss. Therefore, red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is often considered at higher haemoglobin (Hb) levels than in other surgical populations. As there is no firm evidence available to guide the RBC trigger we assessed the feasibility and effects of a perioperative protocol aimed to restrict RBC transfusion compared to standard recommendations in elective vascular surgery. Methods: In a single-centre, open-label, assessor blinded trial, fifty-eight vascular surgical patients (> 40 years of age) planned for infrainguinal arterial bypass (n=33) or open surgery of infrarenal aortic aneurysm (n=25) underwent a web-based randomisation upon Hb decrease below 6 mmol/l to one of two groups: perioperative RBC transfusion triggered by Hb < 5 mmol/l (intervention) or Hb < 6 mmol/l (control). Administration of fluid followed an individualised strategy by optimising cardiac stroke volume. Patients were monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy to determine tissue oxygenation in blinded study modus. A follow up visit took place thirty days after surgery. Results: Participant consent rate was 112/143 (78%), eleven operations were cancelled and Hb decreased below 6 mmol/l in 58 of the remaining 101 (57 %) yielding a recruitment rate of 58/143 (41%). The primary outcome, mean postoperative Hb level within the first 15 days after surgery, was 5.87 mmol/l in the intervention group vs mmol/l in the control group. Longitudinal analysis by generalised estimated equations showed that this difference was significant (coefficient 0.45; 95% CI ; p= 0.022) also immediately after surgery and on day 30 (table 1). A total of 57 RBC units were transfused in the intervention group compared to 136 in the control group (p=0.0015). Severe adverse events (myocardial injury, acute kidney injury, death, stroke or severe transfusion reactions) occurred in 13/29 of patients in the intervention group vs. 18/29 in the control group (relative risk 0.73; 95% CI ; p =0.28; (table 2). To answer whether the control group maintained a higher ti ssue oxy genation requires additional analysis and results are expected to be presented at the DASAIM meeting. Discussion: This is the first trial demonstrating statistically significant perioperative separation of Hb levels and use of RBCs in vascular surgery. The rates of severe adverse events were high (53%) but did not differ significantly between groups. The results may inform the design of further trials for evaluation of both the intra- and postoperative transfusion strategy. Conclusion: The restrictive transfusion protocol more than halved the exposure to RBC units compared to the control group. A multi-centre trial on a larger vascular surgery population is in need to evaluate whether restricting RBC transfusions also protects against severe adverse events. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT

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18 Abstract 10 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Nicola Groes Clausen nicola@nicola.dk (1)Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care; (2)Children s Research Center; (3)Department of Anaesthesiology (1)Odense University Hospital, Denmark; (2)+(3)University Children s Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland Steen Antonsen, Nelly Spielmann, Tom G. Hansen, Markus Weiss, Simone K. Ringer Calcium-binding protein s100b: a potential biomarker of cerebral tissue injury during general anaesthesia in piglets? Tekst Introduction: Moderate and severe hypotension (HT) and hypocapnia (HC) might cause neuro-morbidity following general anaesthesia (GA) in infants.1 Increased serum levels of calcium-binding protein s100b have been associated with cerebral injury (head trauma, perinatal intraventricular haemorrhage and asphyxia)2. Our objective was to investigate if s100b can be used as a biomarker of cerebral cell injury during GA in an animal model. Method: A total of 57 sevoflurane-midazolam anaesthetized piglets (4-6 weeks of age) were randomised to normotension (C), mht or sht (n=27; group HT ) or mhc, shc or mhc/mht combined (HTC) (n=30; group HC ). Monitoring included ECG, pulse oxymetry, rectal temperature, invasive blood pressure measurement, end-tidal anaesthetic volatile analysis, capnography, spirometry and repeated arterial blood gas analysis. Hypotension was induced by blood withdrawal (10 ml/kg) and nitroprusside infusion (target MAP: (mht) and (sht) mmhg). Ventilation was adjusted as per protocol to target PaCO2 of (normocapnia), (mhc) or (shc) mmhg. S100b was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay of serum samples taken at baseline (B), before (Tr0), after treatment (Tr60) and recovery (posttr60) maintained for 60 min each. Simultaneously, serum concentration of albumin was analysed to exclude dilutional artefacts induced by maintenance fluid (Ringer& rsquo;s acetate + glucose 1%, rate 5ml/kg/hour). Data were analysed using mixed repeated measures ANOVA followed by Sidak post-hoc tests (p<0.05). Results: All 57 piglets completed the study without non-intended adverse events. In both HT and HC, serum levels of s100b decreased significantly from B to posttr60 (p(ht) =0.037; p(hc) <0.001). Within groups, s100b values at specific time points did not differ between the treatment arms (p(ht)=0.118; p(hc)=0.536). S-Albumin decreased with time in all treatment groups. Mean values with standard deviations (SD) are shown (figure 1: s100b; figure 2: albumin). Discussion: Neuronal dysfunction and ischemia caused by hypotension and/or hypocapnia during sevoflurane anaesthesia has previously been demonstrated in an identical piglet study setting by magnetic resonance imaging.3 In the current study, s100b did not reflect cerebral damage caused by moderate and severe hypotension/hypocapnia during GA in piglets. Since sampling of liquor was not part of our model it is unclear, whether the blood-brain-barrier remained intact preventing release of s100b. Further, the glial rather than neuronal origin of the protein might explain the lack of increase. Explanation by accelerated renal clearance of s100b seems less likely in the setting of global hypotension and regional hypoperfusion. Conclusion: In the current study s100b does not reflect cerebral tissue injury caused by circulatory and respiratory instability during GA in piglets. Whether these results apply to a human setting is unknown and awaits further clarification.

19 References 1 McCann ME, Schouten AN, Dobija N, et al. Infantile postoperative encephalopathy: perioperative factors as a cause for concern. Pediatrics 2014; 133: e Thelin EP, Jeppsson E, Frostell A, et al. Utility of neuron-specific enolase in traumatic brain injury; relations to S100B levels, outcome, and extracranial injury severity. Critical care 2016; 20: Ringer SK, Ohlerth S, Carrera I, et al. Effects of hypotension and/or hypocapnia during sevoflurane anesthesia on perfusion and metabolites in the developing brain of piglets-a blinded randomized study. Paediatric anaesthesia 2016; 26: Figure 1: Serum s100b (unit: µg/l) (Mean values ± standard deviation (SD)) Control (C) mht sht mhc shc HTC Baseline (B) ± ± ± ± ± ± Tr ± ± ± ± ± ± Tr ± ± ± ± ± ± posttr ± ± ± ± ± ± Figure 2: Serum-albumin (unit: g/l) (Mean values ± standard deviation (SD)) Control (C) mht sht mhc shc HTC Baseline (B) ± ± ± ± ± ± 3.93 Tr ± ± ± ± ± ± 3.44 Tr ± ± ± ± ± ± 3.14 posttr ± ± ± ± ± ± 3.04

20 Abstract 11 Korresponderende forfatter * * Anders Granholm andersgran@gmail.com Afdeling * Department of Intensive Care 4131 Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet Anders Perner, Mette Krag, Peter Buhl Hjortrup, Nicolai Haase, Lars Broksø Holst, Søren Marker, Marie Oxenbøll Collet, Aksel Karl Georg Jensen, Morten Hylander Møller The Simplified Mortality Score for the Intensive Care Unit (SMS-ICU): development and internal validation of a simple score to predict 90-day mortality Tekst Introduction: Existing intensive care unit (ICU) mortality prediction scores are imprecise due to aging, and their complexity decreases clinical applicability and commonly causes problems with missing data. We aimed to develop and internally validate a new and simple score that predicts 90-day mortality in adults upon acute admission to the ICU: the Simplified Mortality Score for the Intensive Care Unit (SMS-ICU). Methods: We developed a simple score as recently recommended [1] and according to a predefined, published protocol and statistical analysis plan [2]. We used data from an international cohort of 2139 patients acutely admitted to the ICU and 1947 ICU patients with severe sepsis/septic shock (the SUP-ICU and AID-ICU inception cohorts and the 6S, TRISS and CLASSIC trials, respectively; all approved by the relevant institutions). We performed multiple imputations for missing data and used binary logistic regression analysis with variable selection by backward elimination, followed by conversion to a simple point-based score. We assessed the apparent performance and validated the score internally using bootstrapping to present optimism-corrected performance estimates. Results: The SMS-ICU comprises 7 variables (Figure 1) that were available in 99.5% of the patients: age; lowest systolic blood pressure; hematologic malignancy/metastatic cancer; acute surgical admission; and use of vasopressors/inotropes; respiratory support; and renal replacement therapy. Discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) was 0.72 (95% CI: ) (Figure 2), overall performance (Nagelkerke s R2) was 0.19 and calibration (intercept and slope) was 0.00 and 0.99 (Figure 2), respectively. Optimism-corrected performance was similar to apparent performance. Discussion: The SMS-ICU is a simple score that is easy and fast to calculate, and the amount of missing data is likely lower than that of existing scores. Additionally, the score uses no biochemical variables, which are often missing and affected by different timing and sampling rates. Conclusion: The SMS-ICU predicted 90-day mortality with reasonable and stable performance. If performance remains adequate after external validation, the SMS-ICU could prove a valuable tool for ICU clinicians and researchers because of its simplicity and expected very low number of missing values. References: 1. Labarère J. Intensive Care Med doi: /s Granholm A. BMJ Open doi: /bmjopen

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22 Abstract 12 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Rikke Vibeke Nielsen rikke.vibeke.nielsen@regionh.dk Neuroanæstesiologisk Klinik Rigshospitalet - Glostrup Jonna S Fomsgaard, Lone Nikolajsen, Jørgen B Dahl, Ole Mathiesen The effect of intraoperative ketamine on pain one year after spinal fusion surgery in chronic pain patients with preoperative opioid dependency: a follow-up study Tekst Introduction: The increasing number of surgical patients with chronic pain and opioid dependency represent a complex challenge. Low-dose S-ketamine has demonstrated perioperative opioid-sparing effects for this population, but long-term outcomes remain unsetteled1. We aimed to explore the effect of intraoperative ketamine on pain 1 year after spine surgery. Methods: This is a prospective one-year follow up study on a single center, randomized, and blinded trial exploring the effect of intraoperative S-ketamine (bolus 0.5 mg/kg and infusion 0.25 mg kg-1 h-1) on acute opioid consumption after spinal fusion on 147 patients with chronic pain and opioid dependency. The follow-up was performed by a written questionnaire from 2015 to 2016 and consisted of demographic data, pain levels (VAS mm), working capability, contentment with the surgical result, Short form 36 survey (SF-36), EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D), OSWESTRY Low Back Disability Questionnaire and Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4). Results: All 147 patients included in the original data analysis received a follow-up questionnaire one year postoperatively. In the ketamine group 46 patients (62%) replied, and in the placebo group 51 patients replied (70%). There were no differences in preoperative pain levels or patient characteristics between groups. One year postoperatively, mobilization pain was lower in the ketamine group compared to the placebo group: 32 (12-64) vs 56 (28-79) mm, respectively, (P = 0.040) (Fig. 1). Pain at rest was also lower in the ketamine group compared to the placebo group: 18 (5-34) vs 29 (13-55) mm, respectively, (P = 0.021) (Fig. 1). Further, significantly fewer patients in the ketamine group used daily analgesics and fewer patients were still on sick leave (Table 1). Patients in the ketamine group had a lower OSWESTRY disability index score, P= We found no differences in walking distance, contentment with the surgical result, SF-36, EQ-5D or DN4. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring the effect of intraoperative ketamine infusion on persistent pain one year postoperatively in a preoperative opioid dependent population with chronic pain1. However, our results are exploratory secondary outcomes, as the sample size calculation was not based on these outcomes. Conclusion: Intraoperative ketamine significantly reduced pain, analgesic use and duration of sick leave one year after spine surgery in a chronic opioid dependent population. These findings need further investigation as primary outcomes. 1 Loftus RW et al. Intraoperative ketamine reduces perioperative opiate consumption in opiate-dependent patients with chronic back pain undergoing back surgery. Anesthesiology 2010;113:

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25 Abstract 13 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Pia Jæger pia_jaeger@hotmail.com Anæstesi- og Operationsklinikken Rigshospitalet Pia Jaeger, Jonas Baggesgaard, Johan K Sørensen, Brian M Ilfeld, Bo Gottschau, Ben Graungaard, Jørgen B Dahl, Ulrik Grevstad Adductor canal block with continuous infusion versus intermittent boluses and morphine consumption: A randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial Tekst Introduction Based on the assumption that relatively large volumes of local anesthetic optimize an adductor canal block (ACB), we aimed to investigate whether an ACB administered as repeated boluses would improve analgesia without compromising mobility, compared with a continuous infusion. Methods We performed a randomized, double-blinded, controlled study, including patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty with spinal anesthesia. All patients received an ACB with 0.2% ropivacaine via a catheter, administered as either repeated intermittent boluses (21 ml/3h) or continuous infusion (7ml/h). Supplemental analgesics included oral acetaminophen and ibuprofen, and patient controlled analgesia with intravenous morphine. The primary outcome was total opioid consumption (from end of surgery until 12:00 on POD 2). Secondary outcomes were visual analogue scale pain scores during knee flexion and at rest (analyzed using a linear mixed model with the inclusion of all time points), quadriceps muscle strength (maximum voluntary isometric contraction) and ambulation assessed by the Timed Up and Go test and a 6-minute walk test. Ethics Committees approval: H Clinicaltrial.gov ID: NCT Results We randomized 110 patients of whom 107 were analyzed. Total opioid consumption (POD 0 2) was a median (range) of 23 mg (0 139) in the bolus group and 26 mg (3 120) in the infusion group, (estimated median difference 4 mg, 95% CI: -13 to 5, P=0.29). Linear mixed models analyses revealed no difference in pain during knee flexion (mean difference 2.6 mm, 95% CI: -2.9 to 8.0) or at rest (mean difference 1.7 mm, 95% CI: -1.5 to 4.9). Patients in the bolus group had improved quadriceps sparing on POD 2 (median difference 7.4 %, 95% CI: 0.5 to 15.5 %). However, this difference was not present on POD 1 or reflected in the ambulation tests (table 1). Discussion Two previous studies compared intermittent boluses to continuous infusion for an ACB, but none following total knee arthroplasty. One study in healthy volunteers investigated pain scores during stimulation with electrical current in the distribution of the anterior branch of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve.1 Like us, they found no difference between the two treatments. The second study, performed in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, showed superior pain relief in the bolus group.2 However, this study used a very low infusion rate of 2.5 ml/h, which may have affected the results. To avoid a confounding effect of dose, both groups in the present study received the same dose of local anesthetics over time, resulting in a regimen with very frequent injections in the bolus group. It may be possible to increase the interval between boluses while keeping the same concentration.

26 Conclusion Changing the mode of administration for an ACB from continuous infusion to repeated intermittent boluses did not decrease opioid consumption, pain, nor mobility. Figure 1

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28 Abstract 14 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Ida Guldberg ihelsoe@gmail.com Anæstesiologisk afdeling Hvidovre Hospital Mikkel Elvekjær, Christopher Clemmensen og Lars Møller Pedersen Tidlig epidural kateter hos den svært overvægtige fødende - En hjælp ved akut sectio? Et kvalitetssikringsprojekt Tekst Introduktion: Tidligt anlagt epidural kateter på svært overvægtige fødende har længe været anbefalet mhp at undgå generel anæstesi grundet øget risiko for akut sectio samt obstetriske og anæstesiologiske komplikationer (1-3). Aktuelt findes der kun ganske få studier omhandlende anvendelse af epidural anæstesi til svært overvægtige ved akut sectio. Vi ønskede ved et kvalitetssikringsprojekt at undersøge, om tidligt anlagt epidural kateter hos svært overvægtige blev anvendt succesfuldt ved akut sectio samt at identificere prædiktorer for manglende anvendelse. Metode: Patienter der fik anlagt fødeepidural kateter og efterfølgende fik foretaget akut sectio i perioden på Hvidovre Hospital blev opdelt i 2 grupper ud fra BMI ved 1. jordemoderkonsultation, hhv. BMI<35 (BMInorm) og BMI 35 (BMIlhøj). Data blev hentet fra Dansk Anæstesi Database samt journalen. Resultater: 1007 patienter fik anlagt fødeepidural kateter og fik efterfølgende foretaget akut sectio i perioden på Hvidovre Hospital (30,1% af alle akutte sectio i samme periode). 93,5% tilhørte gruppen BMInorm (Tabel 1). I gruppen BMInorm fik 35 (5,2%) generel anæstesi ved akut sectio mod 0 i gruppen BMIhøj (p=0,16). Hos gruppen BMInorm fik 645 patienter (68,5%) gennemført akut sectio i epidural anæstesi mod 52(78,8%) hos gruppen BMIhøj (p=0,08). Begge grupper havde øget sandsynlighed for epidural anæstesi ved hastegrad 3 versus hastegrad 1 og 2 (BMInorm: OR 2,0; CI95% [1,5;2,6]; BMIhøj: OR 4,1; CI95% [1,1;14,0]). For gruppen BMIhøj fandtes ingen signifikant association mellem andre faktorer og anden anæstesi end epidural anæstesi ved sectio (Tabel 2). Konklusion: Over tre fjerdedele af svært overvægtige gennemførte akut sectio i epidural anæstesi ved hjælp af tidligt anlagt kateter. Der kunne ikke identificeres procedurerelaterede prædiktorer for manglende brug af epidural kateter ved akut sectio hos denne gruppe. Neuroaxiale procedurer er vanskeligere hos svært overvægtige gravide; at det i perioden lykkedes helt at undgå generel anæstesi til svært overvægtige ved akut sectio tilskrives protokolleret håndtering samt tværfagligt samarbejde. Referencer: 1. Managing anesthesia for cesarean section in obese patients: current perspectives. Lamon AM, Habib AS. Local Reg Anesth Aug 16;9: Anaesthetists' experiences with the early labour epidural recommendation for obese parturients: a qualitative study. Elay VA, Callaway LK, van Zundert AA, Lipman J,Gallois C. Anaesth Intensive Care Sep;44(5): Obesity in obstetrics. Liat S, Cabero L, Hod M, Yogev Y. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol Jan;29(1)79-90 Finansiering: Ingen

29 Tabel 1 Tabel 2

30 Abstract 15 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Frederik Holmgaard frederik.holmgaard@regionh.dk Thoraxanæstesiologisk Klinik, Hjertecentret Rigshospitalet Anne G. Vedel, Theis Lange, Jens C. Nilsson, Hanne Berg Ravn Impact of two distinct levels of mean arterial pressure on near infrared spectroscopy during cardiac surgery secondary outcome from a randomized clinical trial Tekst INTRODUCTION Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used worldwide to monitor regional cerebral oxygenation (rsco2) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Intervention protocols meant to mitigate cerebral desaturation advocate to increase mean arterial pressure (MAP) when cerebral desaturation occurs (1). However, the isolated effect of MAP on rsco2 is debatable. The aim of the present study was in a randomized, blinded design to elucidate the effect of two distinct levels of MAP on rsco2 values during CPB. We hypothesized that a higher MAP would be reflected in higher rsco2 values, lower frequency of patients with desaturation and a less pronounced cerebral desaturation load. METHODS This is a substudy of the Perfusion Pressure Cerebral Infarct (PPCI) trial (2) (Regional Ethics Committee, Capital Region of Denmark H and clinicaltrials.gov NCT ), in which we investigated the impact of MAP levels during CPB on the extent of ischemic brain injury after cardiac surgery. Deviation in rsco2 was a predefined outcome in the PPCI trial. Patients were randomized to low MAP (LMAP): mmhg or high MAP (HMAP): mmhg during CPB. CPB pump flow was fixed at 2.4 L/minute/m % and MAP levels were targeted using norepinephrine. NIRS monitoring was performed in a blinded fashion. RESULTS The average MAP level during CPB was 67 mmhg in the HMAP group and 45 mmhg in the LMAP group. There was no statistically significant difference in rsco2 values at specified time points during the intraoperative period between the two groups. Mean of rsco2 during CPB was significantly lower in the HMAP group (p = 0.010). Significantly more patients experienced desaturation below 10 and 20 % relative to rsco2 baseline in the HMAP group during CPB (p = and p = 0.009, respectively), and the cerebral desaturation load below 10 % relative to rsco2 baseline was more pronounced in the HMAP group during CPB (p = 0.042). DISCUSSION In a randomized, blinded study we observed that a higher MAP induced by vasopressors, with a fixed CPB pump flow, lead to lower mean rsco2 and more frequent and pronounced cerebral desaturation during CPB. The mechanism behind these observations is not clear. We cannot exclude extracranial contamination of the NIRS signal as a possible explanation. CONCLUSION The observed findings suggest that increasing MAP by vasoconstriction to mitigate cerebral desaturation on NIRS is not to be recommended during CPB. REFERENCES

31 (1) Denault A, Deschamps A, Murkin JM. A proposed algorithm for the intraoperative use of cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2007;11(4): (2) Vedel AG, Holmgaard F, Rasmussen LS, et al. Perfusion Pressure Cerebral Infarct ( PPCI ) trial - the importance of mean arterial pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent cerebral complications after cardiac surgery: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2016;17:1-11.

32 Abstract 16 Korresponderende forfatter * * Sofie Louise Rygård sofie.louise.rygaard@regionh.dk Afdeling * Intensiv Terapiklinik, 4131 Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Rigshospitalet Anders Granholm, Maj-Brit Nørregaard Kjær og Anders Perner Overskrift * Funding of clinical trials in intensive care medicine in Denmark Tekst INTRODUCTION Admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with high mortality and impaired quality of life among the survivors. Research in the ICU has improved the efficacy and safety of treatments, and by this improved the outcome of ICU patients [1]. During the past ten years, the capacity of the Danish ICUs has increased with approximately 10% [2], and as the number of elderly citizens and people with co-morbidities will increase, we assume this development will continue during the next decades. As the costs of intensive care are high, it is in the interest of both society and the future patients to invest in ICU research. Our objective was to analyse the investments in ICU research in Denmark. METHODS We conducted systematic searches of clinicaltrials.gov and clinicaltrialsregister.eu and selected all randomised clinical trials conducted from 2005 to 2017 in ICUs in Denmark. We included trials where sponsor or primary investigator was located in Denmark, and we excluded ongoing trials and completed trials, with the primary results pending for publication. Trials were categorised as investigator-initiated or industry-initiated and funding as public, philanthropic or industry-based by two authors (SR and AG). If data were not presented in the publication of the primary results, we sought data by contact to the corresponding investigator. RESULTS We found 13 clinical trials published between 2009 and 2017 including a total of 4408 patients. Two trials were industry-initiated and completely industry-sponsored, and among the 11 investigator-initiated trials, only one was partly funded by the industry. The public funding accounted for the largest percentage of funding among all of the larger trials. RESULTS PENDING (preliminary abstract) DISCUSSION From 2007 to % of the research in clinical medicine in Denmark was funded internally and 43 % was funded externally (philanthropic, public or industry-based) [3]. In this period, the main contributor to the external funding was philanthropic-based funding. This has not been the case for the large clinical trials conducted in Danish ICUs, which have relied mainly on public funding. CONCLUSION Admission to the ICU has a high impact on patients morbidity and survival, but also on healthcare expenses, and it is important to analyse the investment in research in intensive care medicine. Compared with the general distribution of research funding, the clinical research in the ICU appears to be more dependent on public funding than in clinical medicine in general. REFERENCES 1. Perner A, Haase N, Guttormsen AB, et al. Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer s Acetate in Severe Sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367: Bonde J, Simonsen JB, Andersen JS.

33 3. Det Frie Forskningsråd. Pengestrømsanalyse ;1 44.

34 Abstract 17 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Maria Petersen maria.petersen.md@gmail.com Anæstesi- og Operationsklinikken, Hoved-Orto-Centeret Rigshospitalet Dan Isbye 'Overlevelse efter 2005 og 2010 guidelines for hjertestop på Rigshospitalet' Tekst Introduktion Guidelines for genoplivning ved hjertestop på hospital har gennem de sidste 17 år gennemgået ændringer hvert 5. år, både i Danmark og internationalt, uden at effekten på overlevelse er fuldt belyst. Internationale studier har antydet en bedring i korttidsoverlevelse, men begrænses af at der kun foreligger data frem til udskrivelsen1,2. På Rigshospitalet er samtlige hjertestop siden 2004 registreret i en database. Data er dog aldrig opgjort med hensyn til om ændringer i guidelines har haft betydning for overlevelsen. Formålet var at undersøge, om der var forskel på antallet af patienter genoplivet til ROSC (return of spontaneus cirkulation) samt efterfølgende 30 dages og 1-års overlevelse efter guidelines fra henholdsvis 2005 og Metoder Systematisk gennemgang af Rigshospitalets hjertestopdatabase i perioden til og med Afmeldte alarmer, patienter uden dansk CPR-nummer samt patienter uden dokumentation af klinisk hjertestop blev sorteret fra. Resterende patienter blev krydset med CPR-registret for at sammenligne primær ROSC, 30 dages overlevelse og 1-års overlevelse for patienter behandlet efter 2005 og 2010 guidelines. Statistisk analyse blev foretaget med chi2-test og p-værdi < 0,05 blev tolket som signifikant. Godkendelse fra Videnskabsetisk Kommité var ikke påkrævet. Studiet har godkendelse fra Datatilsynet. Resultater Ud af totalt 1389 klinisk verificerede hjertestop i perioden blev 773 patienter genoplivet til primær ROSC (55,6%). 385 patienter (54,1 %) blev genoplivet til primær ROSC efter 2005 års guidelines og 388 patienter (57,2 %) efter 2010 års guidelines; p = 0,25. Henholdsvis 169 patienter (23,8%) var i live efter 30 dage (2005), sammenlignet med 183 patienter (27,0%) (2010); p= 0,17. 1-års overlevelsen var hhv. 138 patienter (19,4 %) behandlet efter 2005-guidelines, og 143 (21,1% ) behandlet efter 2010-guide-lines; p = 0,44. Diskussion På trods af ændringer i guidelines for genoplivning, har den forventede forbedrede langtidsoverlevelse efter hjertestop på hospital ikke kunnet påvises. Forklaringen må antages at være mangfacetteret og betinget af flere øvrige faktorer, herunder ændrede behandlingsprincipper i intensiv terapi. Type 2 fejl er ikke utænkeligt. Hjertestopsdatabasen på Rigshospitalet indeholder forholdsvis unikke tal, idet 1-års overlevelsen er inkluderet. Konklusion Vores opgørelse af hjertestop på Rigshospitalet antyder en tendens mod forbedret umiddelbar, 30-dages og 1 års overlevelse med 2010 sammenlignet med 2005 guidelines, men resultaterne er ikke statistisk signifikante.

35 Referencer: 1. Ocal, O et al, A comparison of the outcome of CPR according to AHA 2005 ACLS and AHA 2010 ACLS guidelines in cardiac arrest: multicenter study Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8(11): Zhu A, et al, Meta-analysis of outcomes of the 2005 and 2010 cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines for adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest. Am J Emerg Med 2016 Jun;34(6): NB! Den uploadede fil er beskadiget og kan ikke åbnes eller eftersendes i brugbart format

36 Abstract 18 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Claus Behrend Christiansen claus.behrend.christiansen@dadlnet.dk Anæstesiologisk Afdeling Nordsjællands Hospital Mikkel Herold Madsen, Christian Rothe, Lars Hyldborg Lundstrøm, Kai Henrik Wiborg Lange VOLUME OF ROPIVACAINE 0.2 % AND SCIATIC NERVE BLOCK DURATION: A RANDOMISED, BLINDED DOSE-RANGING TRIAL IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS Tekst Background and Aims: Local anaesthetic (LA) volume necessary for a successful nerve block has decreased with advancements in ultrasound (US) guided techniques. Lowering LA volume may however reduce block duration, but the extent of this is unknown (1). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between LA volume and peripheral block duration. We hypothesised that increasing LA volume would prolong block duration. Methods: After scientific ethical approval, we included and randomised 60 healthy volunteers to US guided infragluteal sciatic nerve blocks with 5, 10, 15, 20 or 30 ml ropivacaine 0.2 %. Volunteers and investigators were blinded to group assignments. We used a catheter-based technique to optimise blinding and to ensure a constant infusion rate of 10 ml per minute. Primary outcome: Duration of sensory block defined by insensitivity towards cold. Secondary outcome: Duration of motor block. We tested every hour from onset of nerve block to complete remission. We used ANOVA for analysing the effect of LA volume on block duration. Results: Fifty-eight out of 60 volunteers had successful nerve block. Sensory block duration ranged from 6 to 17 hours. There was no significant effect of LA volume on either sensory or motor block duration. The variability of both sensory and motor block duration was high and did not decrease with increasing LA volume (fig. 1 and 2). Conclusions: We could not detect a significant effect of LA volume on sciatic nerve block duration. This contrasts previous findings from studies investigating dose response relations and duration of sciatic nerve block (2). Disclosures: None. References: (1) McCartney CJ, Patel S. Local anesthetic volume for peripheral nerve blocks: How low can (or should) we go? Reg Anesth Pain Med 2012; 37: (2) Nader A, Kendall MC, De Oliveira GS et al. A dose-ranging study of 0.5 % bupivacaine or ropivacaine on the success and duration of the ultrasound-guided, nerve-stimulator-assisted sciatic nerve block. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2013; 38:

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38 Abstract 19 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Damir Salskov Obad damoba@rm.dk Operation og Intensiv Øst Aarhus Universitetshospital Birgitte Brandsborg, Janne S. Jensen, Tommy K. Nielsen, Ole Graumann Lejringsskader i forbindelse med CT-vejledt cryoablation i bugleje Tekst INTRODUKTION: CT-vejledt cryoablation af nyretumorer kræver oftest bugleje med begge arme over hovedet i generel anæstesi (GA). Behandlingsmæssige krav og fysiske forhold umuliggør en lejring efter de accepterede standarder for bugleje (armabduktion <90 gr, anterofleksion af armen) [1,2]. Afvigelsen fra standardlejringen udsætter især plexus brachialis og n. ulnaris for tryk [3]. Der findes ingen systemiske opgørelser af lejringsskader efter CT-vejledte procedurer i GA. Formålet med dette studie er at opgøre lejringsskader efter CT-vejledte cryoablation i GA med patienter i bugleje. METODER: Nyretumorpatienter som i GA blev behandlet med CT-vejledt cryoablation på Aarhus Universitetshospital i en seks måneders periode blev interviewet inden proceduren mhp. eksisterende muskuloskeletale eller neurologiske lidelser. På 2. og 7. postoperative dag blev patienterne telefonisk kontaktet og adspurgt om smerter eller neurologiske udfald i overekstremiteter (OE), nakke eller ansigt. Patienter med neurologiske symptomer blev fulgt yderligere indtil symptomophør. RESULTATER: 38 patienter blev inkluderet. Patientkarakteristika og resultater er fremstillet i tabel 1. Skuldresmerter debuterede gennemsnitligt 2 dage efter proceduren; fem pt. havde fortsat smerter efter syv dage. Ingen havde varige neuropatier. Paræstesier i OE debuterede gennemsnitlig to dage efter proceduren. Én patient havde hævelse og nedsat følelse i overlæben. To patienter havde svien i øjnene som varede hhv. fem og seks dage. Ingen patienter havde symptomer som forstyrrede deres søvn. To patienter anvendte kortvarigt håndkøbsanalgetika. DISKUSSION: Fundene i dette studie tyder på en relativ høj forekomst af forbigående påvirkning. Der er tale om alvorlige symptomer, som potentielt kunne give alvorlige varige skader. Kohorten er for lille til at kunne vurdere en eventuel sammenhæng mellem tid i bugleje og forekomst af lejringspåvirkning. Endvidere tillader materialets størrelse ikke nogen entydig konklusion om, hvorvidt patienter med præoperative smerter er mere udsatte for lejringsskader i forbindelse med denne lejring. Det vil være relevant at undersøge om andre lejringsmuligheder eller lejringsudstyr kunne være mere skånsomme for patienterne, herunder udførelsen af proceduren i sedation eller lokal anæstesi. Selvom ingen patienter fik varige mén, er stor opmærksomhed påkrævet ved lejring. Patienterne skal informeres grundigt ved den præoperative samtale omkring mulig forekomst af disse ska der, der es symptomer og prognose. KONKLUSION: Hos nyretumorpatienter behandlet med CT vejledt cryoablation i bugleje i GA fandt vi relativt høj forekomst af lejringsrelateret smerter- og føleforstyrrelser. Ingen patienter havde varige neuropatier. Større studier er nødvendige for at kunne finde en real sammenhæng. Præoperativ oplysning om risiko for lejringsrelateret skader er påkrævet og der bør være mere opmærksomhed på opsporing af disse i den postoperative periode.

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40 Abstract 20 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Rasmus Aagaard rasmus.aagaard@clin.au.dk Anæstesiologisk Afdeling Regionshospitalet Randers Bo Løfgren, Thorbjørn Grøfte, Erik Sloth, Roni R Nielsen, Chrisitan A Frederiksen, Asger Granfeldt, Morten T Bøtker Timing of focused cardiac ultrasound during advanced life support - a prospective clinical study Tekst Introduction Focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) can potentially identify reversible causes of cardiac arrest during advanced life support (ALS), but data on the timing of image acquisition are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of FoCUS images obtained during either rhythm analysis, bag-mask ventilation, or chest compression. Methods Adult patients in cardiac arrest were prospectively included at a Danish community hospital from Feb to Dec Anesthesiologists trained in FoCUS obtained subcostal images during rhythm analysis, bag-mask ventilation, and chest compression. Image quality was assessed by the anesthesiologists and two blinded echocardiography experts. Images quality was rated as either useful for interpretation or not. An image was defined as useful for interpretation if all the following characteristics could be determined: 1) right ventricle larger than left 2) pericardial fluid 3) collapsing ventricles. Logistic regression was used to compare proportions of images useful for interpretation. The ethics committee of the Central Denmark Region regarded the study as a quality assurance and waived further approval. Results Images were obtained from 60 of 104 patients undergoing ALS (Figure 1). Based on assessment by the echocardiography experts, a higher proportion of the images obtained during rhythm analyses and bag-mask ventilation were useful for interpretation when compared with images obtained during chest compression (rhythm analysis vs. chest compression: OR 2.2 (95%CI ), P=0.005; ventilation vs. chest compression: OR 2.0 (95%CI ), P=0.03). There was no difference between images obtained during rhythm analysis and bag-mask ventilation (OR 1.1 (95%CI ), P=0.74). Percentage of images in which the quality allowed determination of whether the right ventricle was larger than the left, pericardial fluid was present, and collapsing ventricles were present, are shown in Table 1. On a patient level, at least one image useful for interpretation was obtained in 72% of patients, when assessed by the echocardiography experts. At least one image useful for interpretation was obt ained in 60%, when assessed by the anesthesiologists. Conclusion The quality of FoCUS images obtained during rhythm analysis and bag-mask ventilation is superior to that of images obtained during chest compression. However, there is no difference in the quality of images obtained during rhythm analysis and bag-mask ventilation. Thus, FoCUS during bag-mask ventilation may constitute an overlooked opportunity for image acquisition during ALS.

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42 Abstract 21 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Asger Mølgaard Andreasen dobbelta.andreasen@gmail.com Anæstesiologisk afdeling Nordsjællands hospital Karen E. Linnet, Semera Asghar, Christian Rothe, Charlotte V. Rosenstock, Kai H.W. Lange and Lars H. Lundstrøm Eyeball Test of Thermographic Patterns for Predicting Lateral Infraclavicular Block Success Tekst Introduction Increased distal skin temperatures can be used to predict lateral infraclavicular (LIC) block success (1). We hypothesized that an eyeball test of specific infrared thermographic patterns after LIC block could be used to determine block success. Methods In this observational study five observers trained in four distinct thermographic patterns, independently evaluated thermographic images of the hands of 40 patients at baseline and at 1-minute intervals for 30 minutes after a LIC block. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of a positive and a negative test were estimated to evaluate the validity of specific thermographic patterns for predicting a successful block. Sensory and motor block of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, and median nerves defined block success. Fleiss kappa statistics of multiple interobserver agreements were used to evaluate reliability. Results As a diagnostic test, the defined specific thermographic patterns of the hand predicted a successful block with increasing accuracy over the 30 minutes observation period (figure 1). Block success was predicted with a sensitivity of 92.4% (95% confidence interval (CI), %) and with a specificity of 84.0% (95% CI, %) at minute 30. The Fleiss kappa for the five observers was 0.87 (95% CI, ) at minute 30 (figure 2). Discussion LIC block success has earlier been tested by measuring skin temperature (1), by blinded observers touch of hands (2) and now by visual evaluation of thermographic patterns, both with high diagnostic accuracy. In the original assessment only temperature differences were used as diagnostic test and therefore it was a pure quantitative test while the current eye-ball test is a qualitative assessment. Visual evaluation may be a less laborious method to predict block success. However, it has some weaknesses. Inflammation or otherwise induced warm hands may either wrongly show or blur a successful pattern. The advantages of the test are that visual evaluation is intuitive and quick and the patient does not have to be able to cooperate to usual clinical block testing (pinching, cold application etc.). Conclusion Visual evaluation by an eyeball test of specific thermographic patterns of the blocked hand may be useful as a valid and reliable diagnostic test for predicting a successful lateral infraclavicular block. References 1. Asghar S, Lundstrøm LH, Bjerregaard LS, Lange KHW. Ultrasound-guided lateral infraclavicular block evaluated by infrared thermography and distal skin temperature. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014;58:

43 2. Asghar S, Lange KHW, Lundstrøm LH. Blinded Observer Evaluation of Distal Skin Temperature for Predicting Lateral Infraclavicular Block Success. Anesth Analg. 2015;120(1):

44 Abstract 22 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Lars Møller Pedersen lmoellerpedersen@gmail.com Anæstesiologisk Afdeling Hvidovre Hospital Christopher G. Clemmesen, Mette Legaard Andersson, Vibeke Rosenkvist, Sine Hougaard, Henning Bay Nielsen, Henrik Palm, Nicolai B. Foss, Cerebral oximetry during preoperative resuscitation in elderly patients with hip fractures: A prospective observational study Tekst Introduction: Elderly hip fracture patients often show postoperative delirium and mortality is high, and before surgery patients may be hypovolemic. In a prospective observational design this study explored whether cerebral oxygenation (ScO2) taken as an index for systemic circulatory integrity predicts postoperative outcome. Methods: Forty elderly (>65 years) patients with hip fracture were included in a prospective study using an observational design as approved by the regional ethics committee. Using Near-infrared spectroscopy ScO2 was determined during initial resuscitation at admission and during surgery, respectively. Up to seven days after surgery the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale and the Confusion Assessment Method assessed postoperative delirium. Mortality was defined as all-cause death within 30 days of admission. Results: Ten patients (25 %) developed postoperative delirium within the first seven postoperative days. At init ial resu scitation ScO2 was 60.5% (IQR; ) in patients with subsequent delirium versus 68.5% in patients without subsequent delirium (p=0.331). Intraoperative ScO2 values were similar in the two groups. All-cause 30-day mortality was 10 % (4 out of 40 patients). At initial resuscitation ScO2 was 57.0 [IQR; ] in patients who died versus 66.0 [IQR; ] in surviving patients (p=0.042) and the corresponding ScO2 nadir values were (49.0 [IQR; ] versus 59.0 [IQR; ], p = 0.047). Low ScO2 during initial resuscitation (defined as an incidence with ScO2 < 55) was also significantly associated with 30-day mortality (p=0.015). There were no associations between low blood pressure at initial resuscitation or surgery and postoperative delirium or mortality. Conclusion: Low preoperative ScO2 is associated with 30-day mortality in elderly patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture. Deltagelse * Jeg ønsker abstract vurderet mhp. deltagelse i foredragskonkurrencen

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46 Abstract 23 Korresponderende forfatter * * Cornelius Helbo Jakobsen peter.cornelius.helbo.jakobsen@regionh.dk Afdeling * Thoraxanæstesiologisk Klinik 4141 Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Rigshospitalet, Hjertecentret Kristian Kandler, Rikke V. Nielsen, Nikoline N. Knudsen, Jens Christian Nilsson, Hanne B. Ravn Duration of low oxygen delivery and acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery Tekst Duration of low oxygen delivery and acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery Cornelius H. Jakobsen1, Kristian Kandler2, Rikke V. Nielsen1, Nikoline N. Knudsen3, Jens Christian Nilsson1, Hanne B. Ravn1 1Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark. 2Deptartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Denmark 3National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Adress corespondance to; MD.-PHD. Cornelius Helbo Jakobsen at peter.cornelius.helbo.jakobsen@regionh.dk Introduktion. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and serious complication following cardiac surgery. Among intraoperative risk factors, restricted oxygen delivery (DO₂) has gained attention due to its association with AKI. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the importance of a low DO2 level to the kidneys (< 272 ml/min/m2), with specific emphasis on the duration of a critically low DO2. Method. Among 2290 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft ± aortic valve repair between 2012 and 2014 at Rigshospitalet, Denmark, 1969 patients were included, as 328 had missing data. For each patient was recorded: oxygen delivery (DO2 (ml/min/m2)), mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmhg), reoperation (within 48 hours), CPB duration (minutes), nadir haematocrit, and transfusion of red blood cells (RBC yes/no). Data were explored using univariate and multivariate analyses with respect to dialysis dependent renal failure (DDRF), AKI using the RIFLE (stage 1 3) classification and postoperative peak serum creatinine (PPSC). Results. Four hundred and seventy (23.8%) patients developed AKI and 57 (2.8%) required dialysis. PPSC, the incidence of AKI and the need for dialysis were significantly higher in patients with a DO2 below 272 ml/min/m2 for 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes (Figure 1 & 2). In multiple regression analysis a mean DO2 < 272 ml/min/m2 regardless of duration was significantly associated with a higher PPSC. Furthermore, 30 minutes with a low DO2 was independently associated with AKI development (p=0.024) and DDRF (p= 0.036). Conclusion. Exposure to a DO2 below 272 ml/min/m2 for just 5 min minutes was associated with an increased risk of postoperative AKI and need for dialysis. These results indicate that the kidney is sensitive to a low DO2 of no more than 5 minutes. Furthermore, a prolonged ischaemic duration increased the likelihood of jeopardizing normal kidney function. References. 1. Ranucci M, Romitti F, Isgrò G, et al. Oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass and acute renal failure after coronary operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80(6): doi: /j.athoracsur

47 2. de Somer F, Mulholland JW, Bryan MR, Aloisio T, Van Nooten GJ, Ranucci M. O2 delivery and CO2 production during cardiopulmonary bypass as determinants of acute kidney injury: time for a goal-directed perfusion management? Crit Care. 2011;15(4):R192. doi: /cc10349.

48 Abstract 24 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Sine A. N. Eriksen sine.alette.nogel.eriksen.01@regionh.dk Anæstesiafdelingen Bispebjerg og Frederiksberg Hospital Lisa B. Harms, Dorthe Wiinholdt, Jørgen B. Dahl, Christian S. Meyhoff Uhensigtsmæssig opvågning -hvor stort er problemet? Tekst Introduktion Opvågningsforløbet efter operation og anæstesi foregår typisk uden komplikationer, men for enkelte patienter er denne periode præget af uro, aggressivitet og rastløshed eller en modsat reaktion præget af sedation og initiativløshed, hvor patienten kun reagerer på opfordring. Fænomenet kaldes uhensigtsmæssig opvågning (UHOP) (1) og øger risikoen for postoperativt delir, som er forbundet med forlænget indlæggelse og øget mortalitet (2). Formålet med dette studie var at undersøge forekomsten og konsekvenserne af UHOP samt at identificere risikofaktorer. Metode Vi gennemførte et observationelt kohortestudie, som inkluderede 1000 konsekutive elektive og akutte ortopæd- og mave/tarm-kirurgiske patienter, opereret på Bispebjerg Hospital i perioden okt.-dec i dagtid. Patienterne blev screenet med Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) før og efter anæstesi samt ved udskrivning fra opvågningen. Nu-DESC scoren består af fem domæner (desorientering, nedsat psykomotorik, illusioner/hallucinationer, upassende adfærd og kommunikation), som hver kan tildeles 0-2 point (3). Vi definerede forekomst af UHOP som en Nu-DESC score på mindst 2 enten ved ankomst til eller ved udskrivelse fra opvågningen. Data om operationstype, anæstesiform og-varighed, alder, ASA-score, køn, postoperative smerter og postoperative outcomes blev indsamlet. Risikofaktorer og outcomes association med UHOP blev vurderet med justeret logistisk regressionsanalyse og Wilcoxon rank sum test. Resultater UHOP forekom hos 103/1000 patienter, 10,3% (95% CI: 8,6-12,3%) i opvågningsforløbet. Vi fandt en signifikant association mellem UHOP og hhv. inhalationsanæstesi (justeret odds ratio (OR) 2,65; 95% CI:1,57-4,46), anæstesivarighed over 2 timer (OR 1,98; 95% CI:1,14-3,44) og ASA-score 3 (OR 2,74; 95% CI:1,64-4,57), hvorimod køn, alder, kirurgitype og smerter ikke var signifikant associeret til UHOP. 30-dages mortaliteten var 2,9 vs 1,0% (P=0,92) og behov for intensiv indlæggelse opstod hos 1.0 vs 0.9% (P=0.66) af patienter hhv. med og uden UHOP. Postoperativ hospitalisering var median 2 dage [IQR 0-5 dage] vs. 1 dag [IQR 0-3 dage], gennemsnitlig forskel 1,3 (SD 6,2) dage, P= Diskussion Nu-DESC identificerede en anselig forekomst af UHOP, hvor længere eksponering for anæstesi, særligt inhalationsanæstesi, og betydelig comorbiditet var associeret til udvikling af UHOP. Vores studie har ikke tilstrækkelig styrke til at vurdere, om UHOP er forbundet med øget dødelighed og intensiv indlæggelse, men indlæggelsestiden synes forlænget. Fremtidige studier bør undersøge en eventuel kausalitet nærmere, samt betydningen af UHOP for det postoperative forløb. Konklusion Uhensigtsmæssig opvågning har et betydeligt omfang og potentielle kliniske konsekvenser, hvor inhalationsanæstesi, ASA-score og anæstesivarighed fremstår som risikofaktorer.

49 1 Xará et al. J Clin Anesth 2013;25: Stucknberg et al. Minerva Anestesiol 2016;82: Grover S. World J Psychiatry 2012;2:58

50 Abstract 25 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Mikkel Herold Madsen mhmadsen@gmail.com Anæstesiologisk afdeling Nordsjællands Hospital Hillerød Claus Behrend Christiansen, Lars Hyldborg, Kai Henrik Wiborg Lange Impact of neural exposure to local anaesthetic on nerve block duration: A cohort study in healthy volunteers Tekst Background and aims: Effects of circumferential spread on a nerve block is well described (Brull, 2011, Reg Anesth Pain Med.; Marhofer, 2014, Br J Anaesth.). Longitudinal local anaesthetic (LA) spread however, has not been investigated. One study showed decrements in action potentials when exposure length to LA was incrementally increased in a frog model (Raymond, 1989, Anesth Analg.). We investigated whether longitudinal neural exposure to LA influences nerve block duration. Methods: We analysed data from an ethical board approved prospective consecutive cohort of 120 healthy volunteers with a catheter-based common peroneal nerve block (3-20 ml of ropivacaine 0.2%). Neural exposure to LA in millimetres was evaluated by ultrasonography by two observers. Parameters related to the intervention and the volunteers were registered and retrieved for assessment (Table 1). Sensory block duration defined as insensitivity towards cold was evaluated blinded to all other covariates. We performed univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses to explore a potential association between neural exposure and block duration. Results: All 120 volunteers had sensory nerve block. Duration ranged from 2 29 hours. We found a univariate significant positive association between longitudinal neural exposure to LA and block duration (P < ). However, in our multivariate regression model neural exposure was excluded (P = 0.086). Volume of LA (P < ), gender (P = 0.001) and BMI (P = 0.001) remained significantly associated with block duration (Table 2). Conclusions: Longitudinal neural exposure to LA was not associated with nerve block duration. Volume of LA, gender and BMI were significantly associated with nerve block duration.

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52 Abstract 26 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Jesper Weile jesper.weile@clin.au.dk Center for Akutforskning Aarhus Universitetshospital Medforfattere Klaus Nielsen, MD; Stine C. Primdahl, MD; Christian A. Frederiksen, MD, Ph.D.; Christian B. Laursen, MD, Ph.D.; Erik Sloth, Professor, MD, Ph.D.; Ole Mølgaard, MD; Lars Knudsen, MD, Ph.D.; Hans Kirkegaard, Professor, MD, ph.d. Overskrift * Trauma Facilities in Denmark - A National Cross-Sectional Study of Distribution of Facilities and the Management of Trauma Care. Tekst Background: Trauma care is a leading cause of death in adults aged <44 years and optimal care is a challenge [1]. Evidence supports centralization of trauma facilities and multidisciplinary trauma teams[2]. Little is known about the existing distribution of trauma facilities and the management of trauma care in Denmark. The aim of this study was to identify all facilities receiving traumatized patients and investigate the outlines of trauma management. Methods: We conducted a systematic observational cross-sectional study in three phases. First, identification of all hospitals in Denmark was done through online services and a clarifying phone calls to each facility. Second, all trauma care manuals from all facilities receiving traumatized patients were gathered. Third, we contacted anesthesiologists and orthopedic surgeons on call in all trauma facilities via telephone for a structured interview. Results: We identified a total of 22 trauma facilities caring for traumatized patients in Denmark in 2016 (Figure 1). Our study reveals at least four different trauma activation criteria and nine different compositions of trauma teams (Figure 2) with team sizes ranging from 9 to 17 participants. Databases are kept in 9 (40,9%) facilities and 2 (9,1%) facilities perform regular audits of trauma. Simulation training was performed in 20 (90,9%) of all facilities. Discussion: The heterogeneous composition of trauma teams raises more questions than it answers. The perfect size of a trauma team is still unknown and future research is needed to establish the best composition. Two tiered systems consisting of small and large teams have been shown beneficial in studies in other countries. These experiences have not been tested in a Danish setting. We encourage future trials in this area. Surprisingly few facilities keep databases of the traumas. A national database has been called for before [3] and we support this call. A database will enable future research on trauma activation criteria and answer speculations on one type being superior to another. Conclusion: We established an inventory of the existing facilities receiving traumatized patients. The trauma team activation criteria as well as trauma teams were heterogeneous in size and composition. A national database for traumatized

53 patients, research on nation-wide trauma call criteria, and team composition guidelines are called for. References: 1. D. Tiel Groenestege-Kreb, O. van Maarseveen, L. Leenen, Trauma team. Br J Anaesth 113, (2014). 2. R. A. Cherry, T. S. King, D. E. Carney, P. Bryant, R. N. Cooney, Trauma team activation and the impact on mortality. J Trauma 63, (2007) 3. E. F. Christensen, [Quality assessment of the trauma system in Denmark--data is a requirement]. Ugeskr Laeger 170, 2223 (2008)

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55 Abstract 27 Korresponderende forfatter * * Martin Bruun Madsen martin.bruun.madsen.01@regionh.dk Afdeling * Intensiv Terapiklinik 4131 Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Rigshospitalet Marco Bo Hansen, Peter Vadim Polzich, Per Arnell, Anders Rosén, Steinar Skrede, Trond Bruun, Ylva Karlsson, Vitor A.P. Martins dos Santos, INFECT-team, Anders Perner, Anna Norrby-Teglund & Ole Hyldegaard Nekrotiserende bløddelsinfektioner: resultater fra INFECT et prospektivt, multi-center kohorte studie Tekst OBS! Dette er et foreløbigt abstract med foreløbige resultater. De endelige resultater ønskes fremlagt til DASAIM Titel Nekrotiserende bløddelsinfektioner: resultater fra INFECT et prospektivt, multi-center kohorte studie Forfattere Martin Bruun Madsen, Marco Bo Hansen, Peter Vadim Polzich, Per Arnell, Anders Rosén, Steinar Skrede, Trond Bruun, Ylva Karlsson, Vitor A.P. Martins dos Santos, INFECT-team, Anders Perner, Anna Norrby-Teglund & Ole Hyldegaard Institution Intensiv Terapiklinik 4131 og Trykkammeret 4092, HovedOrtoCentret, Københavns Universitets Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Danmark Korresponderende forfatter Martin Bruun Madsen Intensiv Terapiklinik 4131 Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 København Ø Tlf.: martin.bruun.madsen.01@regionh.dk Introduktion Nekrotiserende bløddelsinfektion (NBDI) er en sjælden men alvorlig sygdom som kan medføre organsvigt, amputation, nedsat livskvalitet blandt overlevere samt en høj mortalitetsrate (1). NBDI er karakteriseret ved hurtig progredierende infektion i subkutis, fascie, muskulatur og underliggende væv. Formålet med INFECT var at indsamle klinisk data fra patienter med NBDI (2). Metoder INFECT var et prospektivt, multi-center kohorte studie hvor patienter på 18 år eller derover med NBDI blev inkluderet. Patienterne blev inkluderet på fem skandinaviske hospitaler. Diagnosen blev stillet af den opererende kirurg. Det primære outcome var deskriptive patient karakteristika. De sekundære outcomes inkluderede identifikation af faktorer associeret med 90-dages mortalitet og amputation; 90-dages mortalitet i patienter med og uden akut nyresvigt og LRINEC score på 6 eller derover eller under 6; association mellem afficerede kropsdel og hhv. 90 dages mortalitet og mikrobiologiske fund samt association mellem hhv. størrelse af hud defekt og LRINEC score og 90-dages

56 mortalitet. De statistiske analyser vil blive udført i henhold til den prædefinerede statistiske analyseplan. INFECT er registreret på ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT ). Resultater Fra 17. februar 2013 til 30. juni 2017 blev der inkluderet i alt 434 patienter med NBDI. De foreløbige kliniske karakteristika ved ankomst kan ses i tabel 1. Diskussion NBDI har relativ lav incidens, hvilket har vanskeliggjort større systematiserede og prospektive studier. Som følge af en centraliseret indsats er INFECT det til dato største, prospektive studie på patienter med NBDI. Konklusion INFECT er det til dato største prospektive studie med patienter med NBDI, og bidrager med vigtig data til klinikere, forskere politikere om patient karakteristika og outcome på disse patienter. Referencer 1. Anaya D, Dellinger EP. Necrotizing soft-tissue infection: diagnosis and management. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: INFECT EU-FP7-HEALTH Systems medicine to understand severe soft tissue infections [Internet]. [besøgt 2. sep 2013]

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59 Abstract 28 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Ebbe Lahn Bessmann Ebbebessmann@gmail.com CAMES Herlev Center for HR, Enhed for Uddannelse Medforfattere 2. Helle Thy Østergaard, 3. Bjørn Ulrik Nielsen, 4. Lene Løvbjerg Russell, 5. Charlotte Paltved, 6. Karen Lindorff-Larsen, 7. Doris Østergaard, 8. Lars Konge, 9. Leizl Joy Nayahangan. Overskrift * Anæstesiologisk proceduretræning i et dansk perspektiv: Ny national konsensus for fremtidens simulationstræning Tekst Introduktion: Ofte er simulationstræning baseret på lokale interesser el. tilgængeligt udstyr. Udviklingen af et curriculum for simulationsbaseret træning af procedurer bør foretages systematisk med udgangspunkt i det aktuelle behov (1) med en anerkendt metode til opnåelse af konsensus (2). Formålet med undersøgelsen er at afklare hvilke anæstesiologiske procedurer som bør trænes vha. simulation. Metoder: En styregruppe definerede inklusionskriterierne og medvirkede til udvikling af spørgeskemaer, dataindsamling og bearbejdelse. Figur 1 er et flowchart over de tre Delphi-runder. I runde 1 brainstormede nøglepersonerne over procedurer en nyuddannet speciallæge bør beherske. I runde 2 vurderede nøglepersonerne vha. spørgeskema følgende: 1) hyppigheden af udførslen af procedurerne, 2) antallet af speciallæger som bør beherske procedurerne og 3) hvor ubehagelig og/eller farlig procedurerne er hvis udført af en ikke-kompetent læge. Styregruppen vurderede procedurernes gennemførlighed vha. simulation, som sammen med resultaterne fra de 3 spørgsmål blev vægtet ligeligt. I runde 3 gennemgik nøglepersonerne listen og fjernede proceduregrupper, som ikke bør trænes vha. simulation, og re-prioriterede de resterende. Resultater: Svarprocenten var høj (hhv. 79%, 77% og 75%), og samtlige afdelinger med uddannelseslæger var repræsenteret i alle 3 runder, hvilket understreger resultatets brede nationale forankring. Runde 1 identificerede 138 procedurer, der af styregruppen blev grupperet til en liste med 51 proceduregrupper, som i runde 2 blev foreløbigt prioriteret. I runde 3 blev 21 proceduregrupper elimineret, hvormed den endelige prioriterede liste indeholdte 30 proceduregrupper, se tabel 1. Diskussion: Luftvejshåndtering dominerer listens øverste pladser. I begyndelsen af hoveduddannelsen indgår allerede et 4-dages hands-on luftvejskursus, hvor de fleste af de identificerede teknikker undervises. Den efterfølgende træning og vedligeholdelse af kompetencer foregår dog altovervejende på patienter, hvilket modsiges af listens høje prioritering af simulationstræning af luftvejsprocedurer. Særligt de sjældne el. avancerede luftvejsprocedurer bør prioriteres som

60 simulationstræning. ALS-relaterede procedurer er ligeledes højt prioriterede og behovet for simulationstræning understøttes af en ny dansk undersøgelse (3). Ikke alle speciallæger mestrer fokuseret diagnostisk ultralyd (FAST, FATE, Lunge-UL), hvilket gør klinisk oplæring og supervision udfordrende dette problem kan afhjælpes vha. simulationstræning. Konklusion: Undersøgelsens resultat udgør en nationalt forankret konsensus om curriculum for procedurer, som egner sig til simulationstræning. Den prioriterede liste bør være en del af fremtidig planlægning og prioritering indenfor træning af procedurer i anæstesiologi. 1. Khamis NN et al. Surg Endosc Other Interv Tech. 2016;30(1): Waggoner et al. Acad Med May;91(5): Lauridsen KG et al. Open Access Emerg Med. 2017;9:37 41.

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63 Abstract 29 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Sara Tantholdt-Hansen, stud.med. sara@michaelm.dk Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital Niels E. Pedersen, Camilla L. Duus, John A. Petersen, Jens O. Jarløv, Christian Ø. Andersen, Christian S. Meyhoff The association between preoperative sepsis and the mortality after hip fracture surgery Tekst The association between preoperative sepsis and the mortality after hip fracture surgery Abstract Background: Postoperative sepsis is a well-known cause of mortality(1), but the extent of preoperative sepsis in hip fracture patients and its consequences are sparsely elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the association between preoperative sepsis and 30-day mortality after hip fracture surgery. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1,901 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery in the Capital Region of Denmark between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014 (NCT ). Data from an Early Warning Score register(2) as well as all cultures and laboratory data were obtained. Preoperative sepsis was defined as presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome together with a positive culture within 72 hours before surgery. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality, and secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay and admission to intensive care unit. The chi-squared test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to determine statistical significance. Results: A total of 146 (7.7%) of the hip fracture patients met the criteria for preoperative sepsis. The 30-day mortality was 13.7% in patients with preoperative sepsis as compared to 9.0% in those without (HR 1.60, 95% CI [0.97;2.64], p = 0.06). Patients with preoperative sepsis had longer hospital stays (median 10 days vs. 9 days, mean difference 2.4 (SD 9,4) days, p = 0.02), and higher frequency of ICU admission (11.0% vs. 2.8%, HR 4.47, 95% CI [2.47;8,11], p < ). Conclusion: Preoperative sepsis is associated with an increased hospital burden in hip fracture patients, and may increase mortality. Hip fracture patients with preoperative sepsis are a vulnerable group in which treatment may be intensified. Ethical approval: The study is approved by the Danish Health Authority and the Danish Data Protection Agency. The Ethics Committee deemed that no formal approval was needed under Danish law. 1: Ramanathan R, Leavell P, Mays C, Duane TM. Impact of Sepsis on Surgical Outcomes. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2015;16(4): : Pedersen NE, Rasmussen LS, Petersen JA, Gerds TA, Østergaard D, Lippert A. A critical assessment of early warning score records in 168,000 patients. J Clin Monit Comput. 2017;Feb. 25. [Epub ahead of print].

64 Abstract 30 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Rune Sort sort@dadlnet.dk Anæstesiologisk afdeling Herlev Hospital Stig Brorson, Ismail Gögenur, Lasse L Olsen, Jesper K Nielsen, Sine Hougaard, Nicolai B Foss, Ann M Møller Peripheral nerve block anaesthesia is superior to spinal anaesthesia concerning postoperative pain control in primary ankle fracture surgery: results from the randomised AnAnkle Trial Tekst Background: Peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) are widely implemented for both anaesthesia and postoperative pain control in orthopaedic limb surgery. The PNBs are beneficial in elective surgery, but little is known about the pain profile in acute fracture surgery and rebound pain following PNB might outweigh the benefits of the longer analgesia. AnAnkle Trial aimed to investigate the effect of PNB anaesthesia compared with spinal anaesthesia (SA) on postoperative pain in acute ankle fracture surgery. Methods: AnAnkle Trial was a randomised, open label trial with consecutively included adults undergoing primary internal fixation of an ankle fracture. The study was ethically approved and subject to good clinical practice audit. Exclusion criteria included: cognitive impairment, competing opioid requiring injuries, impaired pain sensation, or habitual opioid use. Subjects were randomised to PNB anaesthesia or SA. PNBs consisted of ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml as ultrasound guided, subparaneural popliteal sciatic blocks (20 ml) and mid-femoral saphenal blocks (8 ml). SAs were unilateral with hyperbaric bupivacaine 5 mg/ml (2.0 ml). Peroperative propofol sedation was optional. Postoperatively, all received paracetamol and ibuprofen and patient controlled on demand i.v. morphine (PCA) with 2.5 mg/dose and 6 min. lockout. Patients registered pain scores on a numeric rating scale 0-10 (NRS) every three hours for 27 hours after anaesthesia. PCA morphine was registered in the same period. The primary endpoint was difference in integrated pain score (IPS) calculated by ranking both the NRS area under the curve (AUC) and total morphine consumption 0-27 hours across both groups. IPS is the sum of deviation from the mean rank in both parameters, equalling between -200% and +200%. For secondary endpoints, the NRS AUC and total morphine were analysed separately. Results: We included 150 patients. The groups were comparable regarding comorbidity, preoperative pain scores and baseline characteristics: sixty-five percent were female, median age was 55 years (range 18-84) and median BMI was 26.3 kg/m2 (range ). Conversion to general anaesthesia was necessary in five patients with PNB and none with SA. IPS was significantly higher in the SA group (p<.001) (Figure). The secondary endpoints also yielded significant reductions in the PNB group (Table). Discussion: The PNBs have longer duration of analgesia than SA and, considering the shorter time span, the pain levels and opioid need in the PNB group indicate a considerable rebound pain when the blocks subside. Nonetheless, both IPS and the two components of pain scores and morphine consumption alone revealed an overall benefit with the PNBs. Conclusions: PNB anaesthesia is efficient for ankle fracture surgery and provides superior postoperative pain control compared with SA. However, the rebound pain following cessation of the blocks warrants attention in clinical practice.

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66 Abstract 31 Korresponderende forfatter * * Afdeling * Hospital/institution * Medforfattere Overskrift * Martin Vedel Nielsen martinvedel@gmail.com Anæstesiologisk Afdeling Sjællands Universitetshospital, Roskilde Moriggl B, Chin KJ, Hoermann R, Nielsen TD, Bendtsen TF, Børglum J Ultrasound-guided (USG) blocks for breast cancer surgery a cadaveric study comparing multiinjection Thoracic Paravertebral Block (TPVB) with the novel multi-injection Costotransverse Block Tekst Background and aims: USG multi-injection TPVB is currently the regional anaesthesia golden standard for breast cancer surgery. Multiinjection TPVB reduces both acute and chronic pain as well as postoperative opioid consumption. Recently, a novel single-injection Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) has been demonstrated to alleviate thoracic neuropathic pain. We have modified the ESPB to a novel multi-injection Costotransverse Block in the thoracic paravertebral area. Hypothesis: Multi-injection Costotransverse Block would result in a blockade of the ventral rami and the thoracic sympathetic trunk similar to the TPVB without risking epidural spread and pleural puncture. Aim: Demonstrating injectate spread pattern following multi-injection Costotransverse Block compared to multiinjection TPVB. Methods: Four ml 1% Methylene blue was injected bilaterally at five levels (Th2-Th6) in five soft-embalmed cadavers. Left/right for the two techniques was randomly allocated. The needle was always advanced in-plane with the parasagittal ultrasound beam between two transverse processes. Needle insertion was caudad-cranial and penetrating the superior costotransverse ligament perpendiculary with the multi-injection TPVB. Needle insertion was cranial-caudad and parallel and superficial to the superior costotransverse ligament with the multi-injection Costotransverse Block. Results: Multi-injection Costotransverse Block stained the ventral rami Th1-7, the communicating rami and the thoracic sympathetic trunk without any epidural spread. Dye spread occurred via the costotransverse foramina. Multi-injection TPVB exhibited similar positive results but spread to the posterior epidural space in 80% of cases. Conclusions: Multi-injection Costotransverse Block spreads via the costotransverse foramina to surround the ventral rami, the communicating rami and the thoracic sympathetic trunk without any epidural spread.

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