Vand i Byer Hvordan bygger vi nye byer samtidig med at vi integrerer natur og biodiversitet? Carsten Fjorback COWI

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1 Vand i Byer Hvordan bygger vi nye byer samtidig med at vi integrerer natur og biodiversitet? 1 Carsten Fjorback COWI

2 Hvordan bygger vi nye byer samtidig med at vi integrerer natur og biodiversitet?

3 CBO - The CBO is the world s first assessment of global urbanization trends and the role of biodiversity and ecosystem based management for human well-being, providing practical guidelines to decision-makers.

4 Primary goals

5 CBO Action and Policy provides the summary of a global assessment of the links between urbanization, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. Drawing on contributions from more than 120 scientists and policy-makers from around the world, it summarizes how urbanization affects biodiversity and ecosystem services and presents 10 key messages for strengthening conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in an urban context. It also showcases best practices and lessons learned, and provides information on how to incorporate the topics of biodiversity and ecosystem services into urban agendas and policies. CBO Action and Policy emphasize challenges and opportunities in rapidly urbanizing developing countries

Much of what gets written about the challenges of urbanization tends to be about built city infrastructure and its organization and governance: about transportation systems, housing, water works,

7 Much of what gets written about the challenges of urbanization tends to be about built city infrastructure and its organization and governance: about transportation systems, housing, water works, sanitation, slums the hardware of cities. Less is written about the software of cities 3 as centers of creativity and lifestyle, of culture and learning institutions that enable the creation of pools of human capital, which gather critical mass and become drivers of innovation and prosperity. And even less is written about the ecological infrastructure of cities: parks, gardens, open spaces, water catchment areas, and generally their ecosystems and biodiversity. This book Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities and the Cities and Biodiversity Outlook project (CBO) addresses that gap admirably. It brings out clearly the importance of nature for cities, making a convincing case for internalizing ecosystem services in urban policy making.

biodiversitet & urbanisering i Indien en tendens?

biodiversity play a major role in shaping Indian urban ecosystems.

influenced landscaping, differ clearly in distribution and species composition

8 biodiversitet & urbanisering i Indien en tendens? History and cultural preferences for specific types of landscaping and biodiversity play a major role in shaping Indian urban ecosystems. In the capital city of Delhi, the trees in the old city where the British influenced landscaping, differ clearly in distribution and species composition from the trees in the new gated communities at the urban periphery, such as Gurgaon (King 2007 ). Similarly, in Bangalore, older parks are more wooded, while newer landscaped gardens tend to be dominated by neatly trimmed shrubbery, which may appeal more to the wealthier of the city s residents (Nagendra and Gopal 2011 ).

9 Nature and green spaces contribute to a region, a city, a neighborhood a street by hydraulic watercycle water storage and purification wetlands climate change mitigation and adaptation ecosystems and biodiversity air quality heat islands food

10 Nature and green spaces contribute directly to public health by reducing stress and mental disorders (Ward Thompson et al., 2012; Annerstedt et al., 2012) increasing the effect of physical activity (Mitchell, 2012) reducing health inequalities (Mitchell and Popham, 2008) increasing perception of life quality and self-reported general health (Maas et al., 2006 (Stigsdotter et al., 2010). Indirect health effects are conveyed by providing arenas and opportunities for physical activity (Coombes et al., 2010), increasing satisfaction of living environment and social interactions (Björk et al., 2008; Maas et al., 2009), and by different modes of recreation (Weber and Anderson, 2010).

Systematically incorporating biodiversity data in urban planning For example, researchers in Berlin started already in the 1970s to extensively investigate the city s biodiversity, including plants,

11 Systematically incorporating biodiversity data in urban planning For example, researchers in Berlin started already in the 1970s to extensively investigate the city s biodiversity, including plants, animals, and habitats. The data was used in the urban planning of Berlin, and was the first example in the world of systematically incorporating biodiversity data in urban planning. This example of biotope mapping was soon followed by other European cities, and today many large cities have long-term monitoring data on vascular plants, different animal groups such as birds, and habitats that are used for city planning and nature conservation.

Biodiversitetsstrategi for Aalborg Kommune Vision Aalborg Kommune skal have en rig natur. Vi vil standse tabet af vild natur og vende udviklingen til en fremgang.

12 Biodiversitetsstrategi for Aalborg Kommune Vision Aalborg Kommune skal have en rig natur. Vi vil standse tabet af vild natur og vende udviklingen til en fremgang. Såvel i som uden for byerne vil vi skabe de vilkår, som gør det muligt. Først og fremmest vil vi sikre og forbedre den eksisterende sårbare og værdifulde natur. Målrettet og kreativt giver vi mere plads til det vilde dyre- og planteliv med særligt fokus i byerne. Målsætninger og handlinger Aalborg Kommune vil opstille målbare og konkrete mål for, hvordan den kommunale planlægning, projektering, anlæg og drift kan understøtte udviklingen af en rig natur. Aalborg Kommune vil stå til rådighed med vejledning til borgere, virksomheder, institutioner mv., som ønsker at bidrage til at fremme biodiversiteten på deres arealer. Aalborg Kommune vil aktivt formidle vigtigheden af rig natur og bæredygtig adfærd.

13 GODSBANEAREALERNE AARHUS HELHEDSPLAN

Naturen i dag flora & fauna - 498 arter!

seksøjespinder, der ikke tidligere er blevet registreret i Jylland okkergul

14 Naturen i dag flora & fauna arter! 45 af arterne kan betragtes som værende sjældne i Jylland eller i Danmark rubinrød seksøjespinder, der ikke tidligere er blevet registreret i Jylland okkergul pletvinge, på den danske rødliste som sårbar grøn køllesværmer, på den danske rødliste som sårbar. Variationen i artsdiversiteten på Godsbanearealet afspejler forekomsten af lysåben natur med overdrevslignende og steppelignende karakter foto: Lars Brøndum foto: Jesper Vingtoft foto: Jesper Vingtoft

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18 Opsamling Biodiversity contributes to human security, resiliency, health and freedom of choices and actions (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005 ). Despite these important contributions to society, biodiversity is declining. Rates of extinction continue to increase and the number of species threatened continue to grow (Pimm et al ). Urbanization is growing

19 Carsten Fjorback / cafk@cowi.dk

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