EFP 2006 Produktion af metanol/dme ud fra biomasse

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1 EFP 2006 Produktion af metanol/dme ud fra biomasse EnergiForsk2008, 12 juni Jesper Ahrenfeldt, Weigang Lin, Jacob Munkholt Christensen, Peter Arendt Jensen, Anker Degn Jensen

2 Agenda Baggrund og formål Systemstudie (CHEC) Test af methanol/dme syntese på syngas fra termisk forgasset biomasse (Risø) Forsøg med entrained flow forgasning af biomasse (CHEC) Systemmodellering (Risø)

3 Baggrund og formål Baggrunden for projektet var et behov for/ønske om at igangsætte aktiviteter og opbygge viden angående anvendelsen af syngas fra termisk forgasning af biomasse til syntese af metanol/dme Målene for projektet er: Identificere mulige problemer ved anvendelsen af bio-syngas til syntese af metanol/dme Undersøge anvendelsen af entrained flow forgasning til biomasse Ved systemmodellering at sammenligne forskellige koncepter (forgasnings- og synteseprocesser)

4 System Study Conducted at Department of Chemical Engineering Typical Danish crop yields Crop Winter wheat Winter rape Dry matter yield [ton/(ha&year)] LHV [GJ/ton] Energy yield [GJ/(ha&year)] Grains: 7,19 Grains: 17,0 Grains: 122,2 Straw: 3 Straw: 17,3 Straw: 52 Seeds: 3,2 Seeds: 23,9 Seeds: 75,5 Straw: 3,6 Straw: 17,3 Straw: 61,6 Willow , Poplar , DTU Chemiccal Engineering, Technical University of Denmark 4 Præsentation

5 System Study Conducted at Department of Chemical Engineering Synthesis efficiencies Fuel DTU Chemiccal Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Energy efficiency [% LHV ] Fuel Electricity Bioethanol from wheat grain 40-5 Bioethanol from lignocellulose ~35 2 Methanol 57 6 Higher alcohols (HA) 38 8 DME 57 6 Synthetic gasoline 49 6 Fischer Tropsch diesel 40 8 Biodiesel (RME) Compressed hydrogen Co-combustion with coal in conventional power plant Præsentation

6 System Study Conducted at Department of Chemical Engineering Electric car Compressed hydrogen fuel cell DME Methanol Synthetic gasoline FT diesel Higher Alcohols Bioethanol (2. gen) Compressed hydrogen Biodiesel RME Transport distance [1000 km/(ha&year)] Biofuels from willow wood and biodiesel from winter rape DTU Chemiccal Engineering, Technical University of Denmark 6 Præsentation

7 System Study Conducted at Department of Chemical Engineering Conclusions On average a Danish field yields GJ/(ha&year) Biomass can be converted into synfuels in a wide range of processes Electric and fuel cell vehicles give the longest transport distance per field area Fuels made via gasification are efficient solutions Widely explored options like bioethanol and biodiesel give relatively short transport distances per field area Future research should include all the potential synfuel options and not only focus on a few possibilities DTU Chemiccal Engineering, Technical University of Denmark 7 Præsentation

8 Test af metanolsyntese på basis af biosyngas Processen Biomasse Biomasse Gas Gas Gas Syngas Forbehandling Forgasning Gasrensning CO2 fjernelse Reformering

9 Test af metanolsyntese på basis af biosyngas Once through syntese Inerte bestanddele i syngassen (N 2 og CO 2 ) er ikke problematisk men medfører større synteseanlæg Syngas Varme? Syntese DME Metanol FT Efterbehandling Biobrændstof Restgas?

10 Test af metanolsyntese på basis af biosyngas Recirkulerende syntese Inerte bestanddele i syngassen problematisk p.g.a ophobning Syngas Syntese Varme? DME Metanol FT Restgas Efterbehandling Biobrændstof

11 Test af metanolsyntese på basis af biosyngas Synteseanlægget Syngas: 2 Nm 3 /h Kompressor T=20 C p=1 bar T=75 C Opvarmning (ovn) p=40 bar T=230 C Cl, S og LSK guard p=40 bar T=230 C Metanolreaktor m. køling p=40 bar T=250 C Køling (kondensator) p=40 bar T=20 C Separator (beholder) p=40 bar Metanol 0,1 L/h Restgas 1,8 Nm 3 /h T=20 C p=1 bar

12 Test af metanolsyntese på basis af biosyngas Resultater Syngas produceret ved forgasning af træflis er anvendt som testgas CO 2 -indholdet i gassen reduceret ved vaskning med kaliumhydroxid, dog ikke uden problemer Den efterfølgende syntese forgår som once through proces pga. N 2 indholdet i syngassen Test anlægget, inkl. CO 2 vasker, er blevet indkørt på bio-syngas og der er produceret ca. en halv liter metanol

13 Test af metanolsyntese på basis af biosyngas Videre arbejde Optimering af CO 2 vasker Langtidstest med metanolsyntese på basis af bio-syngas

14 Entrained Flow Gasification Experiments at the Department of Chemical Engineering, DTU Fuel O 2 /steam Burner Entrained flow gasification (EFG) High temperature Short residence times High conversion Successfully applied for coal gasification in large scale Limited knowledge for biomass Objective: h Determination of gas composition, tar and soot formation as function of operation conditions in EFG for biomass DTU Chemiccal Engineering, Technical University of Denmark 14 Præsentation

15 Entrained flow reactor used for gasification Feeder air MV42 FC 2 air/o 2 MV3 Fuel feeder MV16 TC 2 FC 3 Steam generator air/o 2 Water Sampling probe Gas preheater EFR DP 6 Electrically heated reactor Hot collection of ash and soot Heated cyclone Heated filter Flue gas cooler Gas cleaning To vent Induced fan DTU Chemiccal Engineering, Technical University of Denmark 15 High temperature particle sampling Præsentation

16 C-balance at different temperatures Fraction of C-compounds to inlet-c (%) Tar Soot CxHy CO CO Temperature ( C) Conditions: λ=0.25, H 2 O/C=0.5 DTU Chemiccal Engineering, Technical University of Denmark 16 Præsentation

17 Experiments with entrained flow gasification - Conclusion and further work Initial experiments with entrained flow gasification of biomass show: Good carbon mass balance is achieved The bio-fuel is completely converted (at residence time of ~1 s) Gasification behaviours are similar for wood and straw Increase in temperature results in a high production of H 2 and CO Some soot formation at high temperature Further work Experiments at high inlet oxygen conditions Optimal conditions for reducing soot Optimal conditions for high H 2 /CO ratio Comparison biomass with coal gasification DTU Chemiccal Engineering, Technical University of Denmark 17 Præsentation

18 Syntese Varme Efterbehandling Systemmodellering Polygeneration Kraft/varme Syngas DME Metanol Restgas Gasrensning CO2 fjernelse Komprimering Luft Biomasse Gas Gas Gas Forgasning

19 Systemmodellering Polygeneration Simpelt system med once through DME produktion 35% biofuel 16 % el 33 % varme

20 Systemmodellering Afhængighed af forgasningsvirkningsgrad 0,6 0,5 Virkningsgrad [-] 0,4 0,3 0,2 0, Koldgasvirkningsgrad forgasser [%] etael etadme etameoh etarøg etareak etatot

21 Systemmodellering Videre arbejde 1. Udvidet modellering af luftblæst to-trins fluid bed forgasnig, once through syntese af metanol/dme og kraft/varme produktion 2. Modellering af iltblæst entraind flow forgasning, recirkuleret syntese og el produktion Koncepterne sammenlignes og optimeringspotentialer undersøges

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