Ser (3.7 ) Huggins Miller Huggins [43] principal spectrum bright lines. 3.6 m 5.5 m. Ori Peg. Huggins.

Transkript

1 1863 Huggins (38cm) 18 (46cm) 3.6 m 5.5 m Margaret Margaret Huggins WR (a) 1866 Huggins 5 16 Tuam J. Birmingham CrB 2 Mr. Baxendell 15 Ser (3.7 ) Huggins Miller [43] principal spectrum bright lines 5 3 H H H 17 OriPeg Huggins Huggins 9 17 T CrB (9.5 ) 7 T CrB

2 (T Aur) Huggins M. Wolf H. C. Vogel E. Pickering R. Schumacher Astronomische Nachrichten, 129, p M. Wolf Schumacher Vogel Pickering Huggins 2 2 [44] C(H )F(H )G(H ) P Cyg H 2 [OIII] 5007, 4959 [OII] 3772 C 3200 H, K (CaII) Newall(1892) Roberts(1893) [45][46] Newall Vogel(1894) Fraunhofer 15 (38cm) [47] Huggins [48] (b) Doppler Doppler 1842 Christian Doppler ( )

3 Concerning the coloured light of double stars and of some other heavenly bodies Doppler Doppler Armand H. Fizeau (1849) Jean B. L. Foucault (1862) 30 / Huggins Belkora [33] 18 Edmond Halley Huggins William Miller King s College James Clerk Maxwell Miller Maxwell 1867 Maxwell Huggins Doppler Huggins Huggins Bessel 1920 Hubble Huggins(1868) F (H ) 1.09 [41] km s -1 8 km s -1 Huggins Maxwell Huggins Huggins Vogel 5 (c) WR Huggins (1890) WR WR Wolf Rayet (1866) [49] Wolf 2 40cm 3 BD 3 HD V 1. BD+35 o 4001 HD V = 8.8m WN6 2. BD+35 o 4013 HD m WC8 3. BD+36 o 3956 HD m WC7 Wolf Wolf Rayet

4 Wolf Rayet 2 WR Vogel(1874) Huggins (1890) Vogel 1 2, 3 [50] Vogel, Huggins nm nm nm nm HeII nm, 2 3 CIII, CIV 465 nmhuggins Huggins WR HD Oa (CII 465 nm), Ob( HeII nm), Oc (NII ) P Cyg Beals (1929) [51] WR 1950 Wolf Rayet 3 WR Huggins Monkstown Margaret Lindsey Murray Huggins 51 Margaret Margaret William Huggins Margaret Huggins 2 2 Huggins Howard Grubb Grubb Huggins

5 Margaret Huggins Howard Grubb Margaret Huggins Margaret Margaret Huggins 1863 Margaret Margaret Margaret (1881b, Tebbutt s comet) CaII H 3 Huggins 1890 William and Lady Huggins Margaret [52] Margaret 19 Agnes Mary Clarke ( 1 ) Clarke ( ) Edward Holden (Lick ) Norman Lockyer ( Nature ) Edward Pickering (Harvard ) David Gill (Cape ) Margaret Huggins Edinburgh Review (1890)19 (1902) (1903)[53] Clarke Margaret Huggins 1903

6 Caroline Herschel Clarke 19 computer 1880 Clarke 60 cm Lassell computer Clarke Clarke Margaret Huggins [32] (golden, indeed!) lady computer lady computer Alice Everett (Carte du Ciel) Annie Russell E.W. Maunder Alice Everett Annie Russell Maunder 2 8 G. Airy Huggins Margaret 18 46cm 1899 An Atlas of Representative Stellar Spectra from 4670 to 3300 [54] A3 Margaret Huggins CaII K CaII K

7 Huggins Lane [55] Helmholtz Helmholtz Helmholtz J. J. Waterston ( ) 1845 Royal Society of London Waterston 1853 Herman L. F. von Helmnoltz( ) 1847 Waterston Helmholtz 7 8 P Cyg, Lyr, Nova Huggins Margaret 1880

8 Huggins Huggins MNRAS (1903) (1910) [56]

9 Margaret 1950 Huggins Secchi( ) [32]() McKenner-Lawlor, Susan M. P. 2003, Whatever Shines Should Be Observed, Kluver Academic Publisher, Chapter 5. Margaret Lindsay Huggins ( ), Pioneering Astrophysicist. [33]() Belkora, Leila 2003, Minding the Heavens The Story of our Discovery of the Milky Way, Institute of Physics Publishing, Chapter 6. William Huggins: Pioneer of the New Astronomy, p [41] () Huggins, W. 1868, Phil. Trans. R. S. London, 158, , Further observations on the spectra of some of the stars and nebulae, with an attempt to determine there from whether these bodies are moving towards or from the Earth. ( [2], p.402 ) [43] Huggins, W. 1866, MNRAS, 26, , On a New Star. 9 p.297 [44] Huggins, W. & Mrs. Huggins 1892, AN, 129, 107, Über den neuen Stern in Auriga; Huggins, W. 1892, AN, 132, 143, Note on the spectrum of Nova Aurigae. [45] Newall, H. F. 1892, Nature, 46, 489, The Nova Aurigae. [46] Roberts, I. 1893, MN, 53, , Nova Aurigae. [47] Vogel, H. C. 1894, AN 134, 93 96, Ueber die Bemerkungen des Herrn Belopolsky in Nr der AN, betreffend den neuen Stern in Fuhrmann. [48] Huggins, W. 1894, AN, 134, 309, On the visual appearance of Nova (T) Aurigae. [49] Wolf, C. & Rayet, G. 1866, Comptes Rendus, 65, , Spectroscopie stellaire. [50] Vogel, H. C. 1874, AN 84, , Spectralanalische Mitteilungen. (WR ) [51] Beals, C. S. 1929, MNRAS, 90, , On the nature of Wolf-Rayet emission. [52] Whiting, Sara F. 1915, ApJ, 42, 1 3, Lady Huggins () [53] Clarke, Agnes M. 1902, A Popular History of Astronomy during the Ninteenth Century, Sattre Press; 1903, Problems in Astrophysics, Adam and C. Black. [54] Huggins, W. and Huggins, M. L. 1899, An Atlas of Representative Stellar Spectra, from 4870 to 3300, William Wesley and Son. [55] Lane, J. H., 1869, Amer. J. Sci, 2 nd Ser. 50, [56] Huggins, W. 1910, MNRAS, 70, 331, Report of his Observatory. tkogure@pa2.so-net.ne.jp