1863 Huggins 1864 1870 15 (38cm) 18 (46cm) 3.6 m 5.5 m 18 3200 Margaret Margaret Huggins WR (a) 1866 Huggins 5 16 Tuam J. Birmingham 1 5 12 CrB 2 Mr. Baxendell 15 Ser (3.7 ) Huggins 16 19 4 4. 3 4.5 Miller [43] principal spectrum bright lines 5 3 H H H 17 OriPeg Huggins Huggins 9 17 T CrB (9.5 ) 7 T CrB
1946 1892 2 (T Aur) Huggins M. Wolf H. C. Vogel E. Pickering R. Schumacher Astronomische Nachrichten, 129, p. 107-116 M. Wolf Schumacher Vogel Pickering Huggins 2 2 [44] C(H )F(H )G(H ) P Cyg H 2 [OIII] 5007, 4959 [OII] 3772 C 3200 H, K (CaII) 1892 1894 1892 9 Newall(1892) Roberts(1893) [45][46] Newall Vogel(1894) Fraunhofer 15 (38cm) [47] Huggins 1894 1 [48] (b) Doppler Doppler 1842 Christian Doppler (1803 1853)
Concerning the coloured light of double stars and of some other heavenly bodies Doppler Doppler Armand H. Fizeau (1849) Jean B. L. Foucault (1862) 30 / Huggins Belkora [33] 18 Edmond Halley Huggins William Miller King s College James Clerk Maxwell Miller Maxwell 1867 Maxwell Huggins Doppler Huggins Huggins Bessel 1920 Hubble Huggins(1868) F (H ) 1.09 [41] +47.3 km s -1 8 km s -1 Huggins Maxwell Huggins Huggins Vogel 5 (c) WR Huggins (1890) WR WR Wolf Rayet (1866) [49] Wolf 2 40cm 3 BD 3 HD V 1. BD+35 o 4001 HD191765 V = 8.8m WN6 2. BD+35 o 4013 HD191203 8.5m WC8 3. BD+36 o 3956 HD192641 8.2m WC7 Wolf 2 4 1 3 Wolf Rayet
Wolf 1868 8 Rayet 2 WR Vogel(1874) Huggins (1890) Vogel 1 2, 3 [50] Vogel, Huggins 1 469 nm 466 471 nm 2 3 465 nm 464 466.5 nm 2 1 1 HeII 468.6 nm, 2 3 CIII, CIV 465 nmhuggins Huggins WR HD Oa (CII 465 nm), Ob( HeII 468.6 nm), Oc (NII 4631-41) P Cyg Beals (1929) [51] WR 1950 Wolf Rayet 3 WR 300 2 1875 9 8 Huggins Monkstown Margaret Lindsey Murray Huggins 51 Margaret 1848 1912 27 Margaret William Huggins Margaret Huggins 2 2 Huggins Howard Grubb Grubb Huggins
Margaret Huggins Howard Grubb Margaret Huggins Margaret Margaret Huggins 1863 Margaret Margaret Margaret 1881 20 (1881b, Tebbutt s comet) CaII H 3 Huggins 1890 William and Lady Huggins Margaret [52] Margaret 19 Agnes Mary Clarke ( 1 ) Clarke (1842 1907) Edward Holden (Lick ) Norman Lockyer ( Nature ) Edward Pickering (Harvard ) David Gill (Cape ) Margaret Huggins Edinburgh Review (1890)19 (1902) (1903)[53] Clarke Margaret Huggins 1903
Caroline Herschel Clarke 19 computer 1880 Clarke 60 cm Lassell computer Clarke Clarke Margaret Huggins [32] (golden, indeed!) lady computer 1890 2 lady computer Alice Everett (Carte du Ciel) Annie Russell E.W. Maunder Alice Everett 1895 10 Annie Russell Maunder 2 8 G. Airy Huggins Margaret 18 46cm 1899 An Atlas of Representative Stellar Spectra from 4670 to 3300 [54] A3 Margaret 8 12 2 Huggins 3 4 5 CaII K CaII K
3 6 50 Huggins Lane [55] Helmholtz Helmholtz Helmholtz J. J. Waterston (1811 1883) 1845 Royal Society of London Waterston 1853 Herman L. F. von Helmnoltz(1821 1894) 1847 Waterston 1854 2500 Helmholtz 7 8 P Cyg, Lyr, Nova Huggins Margaret 1880
Huggins 1850 1870 1880 1899 1900 Huggins MNRAS 1903 1907 1898 (1903) (1910) [56]
Margaret 1950 Huggins Secchi(1818-1878) [32]() McKenner-Lawlor, Susan M. P. 2003, Whatever Shines Should Be Observed, Kluver Academic Publisher, Chapter 5. Margaret Lindsay Huggins (1848 1915), Pioneering Astrophysicist. [33]() Belkora, Leila 2003, Minding the Heavens The Story of our Discovery of the Milky Way, Institute of Physics Publishing, Chapter 6. William Huggins: Pioneer of the New Astronomy, p. 165-205 [41] () Huggins, W. 1868, Phil. Trans. R. S. London, 158, 529 564, Further observations on the spectra of some of the stars and nebulae, with an attempt to determine there from whether these bodies are moving towards or from the Earth. ( [2], p.402 ) [43] Huggins, W. 1866, MNRAS, 26, 275 277, On a New Star. 9 p.297 [44] Huggins, W. & Mrs. Huggins 1892, AN, 129, 107, Über den neuen Stern in Auriga; Huggins, W. 1892, AN, 132, 143, Note on the spectrum of Nova Aurigae. [45] Newall, H. F. 1892, Nature, 46, 489, The Nova Aurigae. [46] Roberts, I. 1893, MN, 53, 123 124, Nova Aurigae. [47] Vogel, H. C. 1894, AN 134, 93 96, Ueber die Bemerkungen des Herrn Belopolsky in Nr. 3184 der AN, betreffend den neuen Stern in Fuhrmann. [48] Huggins, W. 1894, AN, 134, 309, On the visual appearance of Nova (T) Aurigae. [49] Wolf, C. & Rayet, G. 1866, Comptes Rendus, 65, 292 296, Spectroscopie stellaire. [50] Vogel, H. C. 1874, AN 84, 113 124, Spectralanalische Mitteilungen. (WR ) [51] Beals, C. S. 1929, MNRAS, 90, 202 212, On the nature of Wolf-Rayet emission. [52] Whiting, Sara F. 1915, ApJ, 42, 1 3, Lady Huggins () [53] Clarke, Agnes M. 1902, A Popular History of Astronomy during the Ninteenth Century, Sattre Press; 1903, Problems in Astrophysics, Adam and C. Black. [54] Huggins, W. and Huggins, M. L. 1899, An Atlas of Representative Stellar Spectra, from 4870 to 3300, William Wesley and Son. [55] Lane, J. H., 1869, Amer. J. Sci, 2 nd Ser. 50, 57 74. [56] Huggins, W. 1910, MNRAS, 70, 331, Report of his Observatory. tkogure@pa2.so-net.ne.jp