Active House. lys & energi indeklima - arkitektur. Active House visionen Bolig for livet fra vision til virkelighed

LYS Temadag Arkitektskolen Aarhus 14. september 2010 Ellen Kathrine Hansen, Arkitekt MAA, VKR Holding Active House lys & energi indeklima - arkitektur Active House visionen Bolig for livet fra vision til virkelighed

VKR Gruppen

Dagslys, frisk luft og bedre miljø

Baggrund 40 procent af energiforbruget i de industrialiserede lande bruges i bygninger Vi tilbringer op i mod 90 procent af vores liv indenfor Hver tredje bygning har dårligt indeklima

Fremtidige krav mindre vinduer og tykkere vægge

Signe læser og varmes i lysrummet A room without natural light is not a room Louis Kahn

Det milde lys reflekteres i karm, sprosser, post, lysning, gulv, støvkorn i luften et øjebliks indtryk Støvkornenes dans i solstrålerne Hammershøj 1900 Ordrupgårdsamlingen

Studerende betragter lysets spil og deres spejlbilleder i transparent solcelle Workshop LYS+ENERGI+ARKITEKTUR, AAA

Energiressourcer i verden 70 Natural Gas 170 Petroleum 4 15 220 World energy use 15 TW-yr per year Uranium ~ 450 exajoules ~ 440 Quads FINITE ENERGY RESERVES 900 Total reserve COAL 14/09/2010

Energiressourcer i verden Renewable energy 6 11 Biomass 23 WIND Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Waves 0.5 70 Natural Gas 170 Petroleum 15 TIDES 4 2 Geothermal HYDRO 220 World energy use 15 TW-yr per year 0.3 Uranium ~ 450 exajoules ~ 440 Quads FINITE ENERGY RESERVES 900 Total reserve COAL 14/09/2010

Energiressourcer i verden WIND Natural Gas 11 Ocean Thermal Energy 170 Conversion Renewable energy 6 Biomass Petroleum Ikke begrænsninger men muligheder 4 HYDRO 2 220 15 TIDES Geothermal World energy use 15 TW-yr per year ~ 450 exajoules ~ 440 Quads 14/09/2010 Solar Energy 40.000 0.3 FINITE ENERGY RESERVES 23 Waves 0.5 900 Total reserve 70 Uranium COAL

Active House a vision Houses that give more than they take An Active House is CO 2 - neutral. It has an exceptionally low level of energy consumption and procduces renewable energy. ENERGY An Active House has a healthy indoor climate, allowing. people to express themselves and live their lives in comfort. INDOOR CLIMATE ENVIRONMENT An Active House is designed, situated and constructed to interact with its environment. 14. september 2010 #13

Fra vision til virkelighed 8 eksperimenter i 5 lande Et eksperiment er mere værd end 1.000 ekspertantagelser VKR Gruppens stifter Villum Kann Rasmussen

Proces 10 tværfaglige workshops hvor innovation skabes ved at sætte eksisterende viden sammen på en ny måde Intern arbejdsgruppe: VELFAC, VELUX, Window Master Undertitel Rådgivere: AART arkitekter Esbensen Ingeniører, KFS-Boligbyg Spidskompetencer: Ingeniørhøjskolen i Århus Alexandra Instituttet Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut

Proces Mål

Udviklingsmodel

Energikoncept Huset er selvforsynende med El og varme på årsbasis CO 2 -udledning og energiforbrug betales tilbage over ca. 30 år El sælges til nettet eller kunne oplade en el-bil til miljøvenlig transport. 14.09.2010 / Page 27

Proces

Vinduet som varmekilde Samlet U-værdi på glas og vindue En høj g-værdi for udnyttelse af passiv solvarme Varme tab (U værdi) + varmetilskud (g-værdi) = Eref Ueff I forbindelse med dagslys en høj LT-værdi og høj RA-værdi. Vinduet mørke U-værdi Evne til at udnytte solens varme Den totale energibalance

Proces

Daylight performance analysis with VELUX Daylight Visualizer

Daylight factor The daylight factor (DF) is a common and easy to use indicator to determine the availability of daylight in a room. It expresses the percentage of daylight available in the interiors, on a work plane at 0.85m above the floor, compared to the amount of daylight available at the exterior of the building under overcast sky conditions. The higher the DF, the more daylight is available in the room. Rooms with an average DF of 2% or more are considered daylit. A room will appear strongly daylit when the average DF is above 5%.

Example Home for Life (Aarhus, Denmark) Ground floor First floor Daylight factor simulations showing pixel values

Luminance Luminance renderings can be used to show the quality, character and atmosphere of daylight in the interiors under different sky conditions, and at different time of the day and year. Luminance ratios can be used to evaluate visual comfort. The luminance values in rendered images can be seen using false color mapping, and by right clicking on the image while in the output viewer of Daylight Visualizer. More information on luminance ratios can be found in the DEIC Basic Book on pages 35-37.

Example Home for Life (Aarhus, Denmark) Luminance renderings Sunny sky conditions

Example Home for Life (Aarhus, Denmark) Luminance renderings Overcast sky conditions

Animations Animations of sunlight in the rooms can be used to show the atmosphere and changing conditions of daylight in the interiors through the day.

Annual overview The annual overview feature of Daylght Visualizer is a quick way to generate an image for each month of the year, at the time of day and under sky conditions specified by the user. It is useful when evaluating the presence and hte amount of direct sun in a room for a specific occupancy schedule (i.e. dining room at 12:00).

Example Home for Life (Aarhus, Denmark) January February March April May June July August September October November December Luminance renderings Annual overview Sunny sky conditions (21 st at 12:00)

1. Orienteret

1. Orienteret 2. Åbent

1. Orienteret 2. Åbent 3. Intelligent

1. Orienteret 2. Åbent 3. Intelligent 4. Energiproducerende

3D skitse set fra sydøst

Statements: Bolig for livet lever op til de forventede 2015 krav med fjernvarme som forsyning uden egenproduktion Bolig for livet er beregningsmæssigt 100% energi- og CO2 neutral på årsbasis

Vi tester energiforbrug og forudsætninger familien flytter ind

MIMA Monitoring Interviews Measuring Analysis Just imagine if the quality of our buildings was measured by their ability to improve life!

Method Holistic evaluation Definition of method for analysis Measurement data input Analysis of input Comparative studies Result New knowledge Definition of Quantitative measurement methods and matrixes Definition of Qualitative measurement methods and matrixes ENERGY INDOOR CLIMATE ENVIRONMENT Quantitative measurements: Energy behaviour, energy balance, measurements of indoor climate Qualitative measurements: End-users real behaviour and experience of the house Suggestion for a common European standard for future energy and CO 2 - neutral Active Houses. 14. september 2010 #68

Quantitative meters DESIGN PHASE Calculated/preconditions CONSTRUCTION PHASE Measuring uninhabited OPERATION PHASE Measuring inhabited Energy Space heating Thermo graphic Space heating Hot utility water investigation Hot utility water Electricity consumption: Blower Door test Electricity consumption: Lighting, Appliances, Technical installations Lighting, Appliances, Technical installations Energy production: Energy production: Solar collectors, Solar heat pump, Solar cells Solar collectors, Solar heat pump, Solar cells Passive solar heat Passive solar heat U-values: roof, external walls and ground deck CO 2 from operation Features of windows: U-value, Ueff, g-value Indoor climate Window area Daylight factors (simulated VELUX Daylight Viz) Temperatures and hours with overheating Mechanical and natural ventilation (air change) Calibration, functional test and adjustment of the technical installations Daylight level (lux) Lighting level (indoor) Air temperature (indoor) CO 2 -concentration (indoor) Air humidity (indoor) Environment Energy used for production of materials/ Local building tradition Solar intensity (outdoor) CO 2 content of materials CO 2 footprint Relation to local energy supply Adaptation to the surroundings and the landscape Air temperature (outdoor) Air humidity (outdoor) Wind speed (outdoor) Relation to incident solar radiation and wind CO 2 footprint (outdoor) 14.09.2010 #69

Qualitative meters DESIGN PHASE Calculated/preconditions CONSTRUCTION PHASE Measuring uninhabited OPERATION PHASE Measuring inhabited Energy Integrating Active House design parameters in the initiating design phase Secure a high level of precision in detail Experience of living in an energy producing house Energy parameters as architectural expression Tightness in vapour barrier Relation between living in the house and position in relation to e.g. ecology Experience of creating shape with energy objectives Feeling of balance between energy and living Effect on everyday-life Increased awareness of energy means Indoor climate Indoor climate parameters as design tool for creating spaciousness and experience Daylight as a qualitative design tool Air quality as a qualitative design tool Experiences of building with daylight focus Experiences in relation to fresh air Experience of general indoor climate Effect on everyday-life to live in an intelligent building Experience of own influence on indoor climate Experience of sounds in building Experience of daylight and fresh air in building Environment Environment parameters as design tool for integration into landscape and weather means Design in relation to choice of materials and CO 2 content Design in relation to sun and wind Relation between indoors and outdoors Relation to local building tradition Situation and location in landscape Experiences of effect on existing landscape Relation between building and area Experience of view and area The transition between inside and outside Experience of the building s transparency Experience of sun s relation to building Experience of wind s relation to building 14.09.2010 #70

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