Statistical information form the Danish EPC database - use for the building stock model in Denmark Kim B. Wittchen Danish Building Research Institute, SBi AALBORG UNIVERSITY
Certification of buildings From 1997 to 2006, a total of approx. 700 000 certificates were issued, incl. 18 000 large (+1500 m²) buildings certified every year The annual certification rate of single family houses was approx. 50-55 000 In the current EP scheme (since September 2006), approx. 350 000 buildings have been certified Detailed data from certification of more than 1 million houses exist in a number of different databases, with slightly different content 2
Additional data-souces BBR (dwelling and building stock register) Was designed to deliver basic information for assessment of real estate and for censuses Holds information about 1.6 million properties, 3.8 million buildings and 2.7 million dwellings and commercial units E.g. information about construction year, build up area, heated floor area, primary constructions and installations Statistics Denmark 3
Energy certified detached houses (2004) - according to construction year BR08 2010 4
Typical construction periods Before 1850 1850-1930 1931-1950 1951-1960 1961-1972 1973-1978 1979-1998 1999-2006 2007-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020- shift in tradition hollow core walls insulated hollow core first energy requirements in BR61 sharpened energy requirements in BR72 sharpened energy requirements in BR78 sharpened energy requirements in BR98 sharpened energy requirements in BR06 sharpened energy requirements in BR10 sharpened energy requirements in BR15 introduction of nearly zero energy buildings 5
Example buildings 6
External walls U-values Ydervægge, registreret 1,4 1,2 1 [W/m²K] 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 1850-1930 1931-1950 1951-1960 1961-1972 1973-1978 1979-1998 Stuehuse Parcelhuse Rækkehuse Etageboliger Handel & service 7
Windows, U-values Vinduer, registreret 2,8 2,7 2,6 [W/m²K] 2,5 2,4 2,3 2,2 1850-1930 1931-1950 1951-1960 1961-1972 1973-1978 1979-1998 Stuehuse Parcelhuse Rækkehuse Etageboliger Handel & service 8
External walls Parcelhuse (1961-1972) Parcelhuse (1850-1930) 2,0 Parcelhuse (1931-1950) 2,0 Parcelhuse (1951-1960) 2,0 2,0 45% 45% 1,8 1,6 45% 1,8 1,6 45% 1,8 1,8 1,6 35% 1,4 35% 1,4 35% 1,4 1,2 1,2 1,6 1,2 25% 1,0 25% 1,0 25% 1,0 15% 35% 0,8 0,6 15% 0,8 0,6 15% 1,4 0,8 0,6 5% 0,4 0,2 5% 0,4 0,2 5% 1,2 0,4 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0-0,1 0,1-0,2 0,2-0,3 0,3-0,4 0,4-0,5 0,5-0,6 0,6-0,7 0,7-0,8 0,8-0,9 0,9-1 > 1 25% Ydervægge (SfB=21) Massiv ydervæg Hul ydervæg Let ydervæg U_gns 0-0,1 0,1-0,2 0,2-0,3 0,3-0,4 0,4-0,5 0,5-0,6 0,6-0,7 0,7-0,8 0,8-0,9 0,9-1 > 1 Ydervægge (SfB=21) Massiv ydervæg Hul ydervæg Let ydervæg U_gns 0-0,1 0,1-0,2 0,2-0,3 0,3-0,4 0,4-0,5 0,5-0,6 0,6-0,7 0,7-0,8 0,8-0,9 0,9-1 > 1 1,0 Ydervægge (SfB=21) Massiv ydervæg Hul ydervæg Let ydervæg U_gns Parcelhuse (1961-1972) Parcelhuse (1973-1978) 0,8 Parcelhuse (1979-1998) 2,0 2,0 2,0 45% 15% 1,8 45% 1,8 45% 0,6 1,8 1,6 1,6 1,6 35% 1,4 1,2 35% 1,4 1,2 35% 0,4 1,4 1,2 25% 5% 1,0 0,8 25% 1,0 0,8 25% 0,2 1,0 0,8 15% 0,6 15% 0,6 15% 0,6 5% 0,4 0,4 0-0,1 0,1-0,2 0,2 0,2-0,3 5% 0,3-0,4 0,4-0,5 0,5-0,6 0,6-0,7 0,7-0,8 5% 0,8-0,9 0,9-1 > 1 0,2 0,0 0-0,1 0,1-0,2 0,2-0,3 0,3-0,4 0,4-0,5 0,5-0,6 0,6-0,7 0,7-0,8 0,8-0,9 0,9-1 > 1 0-0,1 0,1-0,2 0,2-0,3 0,3-0,4 0,4-0,5 0,5-0,6 0,6-0,7 0,7-0,8 0,8-0,9 0,9-1 > 1 0,0 0-0,1 0,1-0,2 0,2-0,3 0,3-0,4 0,4-0,5 0,5-0,6 0,6-0,7 0,7-0,8 0,8-0,9 0,9-1 > 1 0,0 0,4 0,2 0,0 Ydervægge (SfB=21) Massiv ydervæg Hul ydervæg Let ydervæg U_gns Ydervægge (SfB=21) Massiv ydervæg Hul ydervæg Let ydervæg U_gns Ydervægge (SfB=21) Massiv ydervæg Hul ydervæg Let ydervæg U_gns Ydervægge (SfB=21) Massiv ydervæg Hul ydervæg Let ydervæg U_gns 9
Windows Parcelhuse (1979-1998) 8 Parcelhuse (1850-1930) 8 8 8 Parcelhuse (1931-1950) 8 8 Parcelhuse (1951-1960) 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 7 6 5 5 5 6 4 3 4 3 6 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 5 1 0-0,5 0,5-1 1-1,5 1,5-2 2-2,5 2,5-3 3-3,5 3,5-4 4-4,5 4,5-5 > 5 Parcelhuse Parcelhuse, Kedel Parcelhuse, Fjernvarme Parcelhuse, El U_gns 0 0-0,5 0,5-1 1-1,5 1,5-2 2-2,5 2,5-3 3-3,5 3,5-4 4-4,5 4,5-5 > 5 Parcelhuse Parcelhuse, Kedel Parcelhuse, Fjernvarme Parcelhuse, El U_gns 0 0-0,5 0,5-1 1-1,5 1,5-2 2-2,5 2,5-3 3-3,5 3,5-4 4-4,5 4,5-5 > 5 Parcelhuse Parcelhuse, Kedel Parcelhuse, Fjernvarme Parcelhuse, El U_gns 4 0 8 Parcelhuse (1961-1972) 8 8 Parcelhuse (1973-1978) 8 8 Parcelhuse (1979-1998) 3 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 2 6 5 5 5 4 4 1 4 3 3 3 0 0-0,5 0,5-1 1-1,5 1,5-2 2-2,5 2,5-3 3-3,5 3,5-4 4-4,5 4,5-5 > 5 Parcelhuse Parcelhuse, Kedel Parcelhuse, Fjernvarme Parcelhuse, El U_gns 2 2 1 1 0-0,5 0,5-1 1-1,5 1,5-2 2-2,5 2,5-3 3-3,5 3,5-4 4-4,5 4,5-5 > 5 0-0,5 0,5-1 1-1,5 1,5-2 2-2,5 2,5-3 3-3,5 3,5-4 4-4,5 4,5-5 > 5 Parcelhuse Parcelhuse, Kedel Parcelhuse, Fjernvarme Parcelhuse, El U_gns Parcelhuse Parcelhuse, Kedel Parcelhuse, Fjernvarme Parcelhuse, El U_gns 0 0-0,5 0,5-1 1-1,5 1,5-2 2-2,5 2,5-3 3-3,5 3,5-4 4-4,5 4,5-5 > 5 Parcelhuse Parcelhuse, Kedel Parcelhuse, Fjernvarme Parcelhuse, El U_gns 0 2 1 0 10
Average vs example buildings Average building Is composed of small parts of all main construction elements represented in the database Includes the average of all refurbishment works carried out Is a snap-shot of the current building stock Do not exist in the wild To be used for calculating the national energy balance and potential energy savings Example buildings Representative for a certain building period Do only include common upgrading Will change over time as more upgrading s becomes common Do exist in the wild To be used for calculations of typical upgrading scenarios for actual buildings 11
Building envelope data The main source of information used to establish the typology buildings is the official handbook of the Danish EPC scheme. This handbook contains all necessary knowledge to issue EP certificates for typically buildings. Envelope data is selected from this handbook, and constructions can thus be identified. 12
Example constructions Description Illustration U-value [W/m²K] 12 cm Brick 3.20 1/1 brick (massive) + 100 insulation 0.36 36 cm brick (massive) 1.50 12 cm Brick + 50 mm insulation 0.62 30 cm brick (cavity wall), un-insulated 1.60 36 cm brick insulated with 130 mm and 110 mm tiled concrete 40 cm brick, 200 mm insulation 0.16 0.30 30 cm brick (cavity wall), reinsulated with 7,5 cm granulate 0.67 13
Heat loss profile, 1900-1930 14
Heat loss profile, 1996-2004 15
Calculated space heating demand 250 Single-family houses 200 150 kwh/m² 100 50 0 16
Comparison with national energy statistics Net Energy Demand for heating and domestic hot water [PJ] Single-family houses and Terraced houses Block of flats Danish Statistic 2009 97.7 38.1 TABULA approach DK 92.5 39.7 Difference TABULA approach DK -6% 4% 17
Calculated energy demand Building type < 75 kwh/m² 75-150 kwh/m² 150-250 kwh/m² 250-350 kwh/m² 350-450 kwh/m² > 500 kwh/m² Single-family Houses Average ratio 3.09 0.91 0.75 0.61 0.51 0.45 No. of buildings 535 21.562 27.160 6.995 1.644 495 Terraced Houses Average ratio 3.18 0.96 0.74 0.58 0.51 0.51 No. of buildings 75 5669 3011 599 102 16 Block of flats Average ratio No. of buildings 3.03 7 1.02 349 0.72 705 0.59 261 0.43 60 0.38 8 Average ratio between measured energy consumption and calculated energy demand 18
Thank you! 19