ICASS 22 26 august 2008 Nuuk Domestic violence - violence against women by men Mariekathrine Poppel Email: mkp@ii.uni.gl Ilisimatusarfik University of Greenland
Violence: : a concern in the Arctic? Artic Human Development Report (AHDR) states: There is a need to analyse men s changing roles in society and how this affects social problems such as suicide and violence towards others. Violence against women has been identified as a significant problem in the Arctic and has been attributed in part to male loss of identity and self-worth worth, societal tension as well as issues of power and control (AHDR 2004).
Introduction The PhD.- project: Domestic violence violence against women by men SLICA: Findings on violence and social problems in the Arctic communities.
Definition and some theoretical approaches Definition of violence: any action against another person, which through this action injures, hurts, frightens or violates this person, gets him/her to act against his/her own will or makes the person stop doing his own will. (Isdal 2000: 36).
Research in violence Health research Criminal justice system Behavioral sciences psychology and sociology
Some theoretical approaches Domestic violence caused by: Rapid social changes (Larsen 1990 and 1991) Domestic violence as a part of: A system of domination (W. Sørensen 1994) Domestic violence caused by: Alcohol/alcohol related
Reports Police reports on violence 1987-2006 in Greenland 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Reports Kurve 2 Kurve 3 Kurve 4 Source: Annual police report. Greenland (2006).
Remarks on police reports on men convicted for violence in Greenland 2001 Some remarks (and hypotheses to further research) on the basis of o findings from the 2001-police reports on men convicted for violence, the circumstances and the sentences: The group of offenders has an overrepresentation of men (born in late 1950 ties and late 1960 ties) and uneven distributed compared to the general male population. The group seems to be underprivileged according to school education and employment. The offenders have a number of problems apart from the mentioned to a higher degree than comparable groups. Alcohol is involved in most cases of violence.
SLiCA findings Social problems Violence Alcohol problems in home
SLiCA terminology In the SLiCA questionnaire questions are asked about: Violence as a problem in local community Whether the respondent has been a victim to sexual assault or other assault. Assault includes domestic violence as well as violence outside respondents home (e.g. street,, restaurant etc.)
SLiCA findings (II) perceived social problems in local community
SLiCA findings (III)
SLiCA findings (IV)
SLiCA findings (V)
SLiCA findings (VI)
SLiCA findings (VII)
SLiCA findings (VIII) Victims of another type of assault during past 12 months by gender and total household income in US PPP (purchasing power parity) Dollars 18 16 14 percentage 12 10 8 6 Male Female 4 2 0 12500 or less 12501-27000 27001-46000 46001-72000 more than 72000 5 category grouping of total household incomes
Ending remarks Although the Greenlandic society in many respects has developed in a good way. SliCa data and police reports show the need for prevention programs for marginalized groups.
Kønsfordeling af den grønlandske arbejdsstyrke Kønsfordeling (procentvis) af den erhvervsaktive grønlandskf nlandskfødte dte del af befolkningen fordelt efter fuldtids-/deltidsbesk /deltidsbeskæftigelse 1965 1994 1965 1974 1987 1994 2001 Mænd Kvinder Mænd Kvinder Mænd Kvinder Mænd Kvinder Mænd Kvinder Andel af den sam-lede beskæftigelse 76 % (7.858) 24 % (2.440) 67 % (8.788) 33 % (4.261) 66 % 34 % 43 % 57 % 52 % (10.861) 48 % (10.026) Beskæftigede i alt 10.298 13.049 20.894 Kilder: Danmarks Statistik, Grønlands Statistik og Levevilkårsundersøgelse 1994
Uddannelse Personer der har fuldført en kompetencegivende uddannelse 1980/81-2000/01 fordelt på køn 600 500 personer 400 300 200 I alt Kvinder Mænd 100 0 1981/82 1983/84 1985/86 1987/88 1989/90 1991/92 1993/94 1995/96 1997/98 1999/00 slutår Kilde: Grønlands Statistik, Uddannelsesstatistik 2002:1
Udviklingen i ledigheden - Mænd MÆND BERØRT AF LEDIGHED 2000-2004, OPGJORT MÅNEDSVIS 2500 antal 2000 1500 1000 500 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 0 Januar Marts Maj Juli September November Kilde: Grønlands Statistik, diverse numre i serien Arbejdsmarked
Udviklingen i ledigheden - Kvinder KVINDER BERØRT AF LEDIGHED 2000-2004, OPGJORT MÅNEDSVIS 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Januar Marts Maj Juli September November
Selvmord Selvmord Antal mænd 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 5-14 år 15-34 år 35-49 år 50-59 år 60+ år total 1976-80 1981-85 1986-90 1991-95 total Årstal