Indoor Climate and Energy in Buildings. Claus Topp Team Director, NIRAS Indoor Climate, Energy and Installations in Buildings

Transkript

1 Indoor Climate and Energy in Buildings Claus Topp Team Director, NIRAS Indoor Climate, Energy and Installations in Buildings

2 NIRAS - Who we are and what we do November Innovation 2014 Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 2

3 NIRAS offices in Denmark November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 3

4 What we do Infrastructure Environment Development consulting Renewable energy and climate Water Informatics and planning Buildings and design November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 4

5 BUILDINGS & DESIGN Handicaporganisationernes Hus Musikkens Hus, Aalborg Kolding Sygehus November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 5

6 Our values November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 6

7 Indoor climate and energy in buildings November Innovation 2014 Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 7

8 Contents of my presentation Introduction Energy in buildings (regulations and renovation) Integrated design of indoor climate and energy Certification of sustainable buildings Challenges and future solutions November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 8

9 Indoor climate and energy - fields of work New buildings, renovations Design, detailing, operation Standard solutions, specialized solutions, R&D Low energy buildings Sustainability Certifications: BREEAM, LEED, DGNB Carbon Footprint: Energy, ressources, CO 2 November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 9

10 Indoor climate in buildings Thermal comfort Temperature, draft, humidity, activity, clothing Atmospheric comfort Air quality Visual comfort Daylight, artificial light Acoustic comfort November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 10

11 Tools Dynamic simulation of temperatur and air quality (BSim) Daylight (Radiance, IES Virtual Environment, Velux Daylight Visualizer) Measurements (temperature, RH, CO 2 ) November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 11

12 Why is indoor climate important? Health Allergy Asthma Cancer Well-being Productivity/performance Economy November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 12

13 Company expenses Relation between energy for ventilation and salary is like 1: Improvement of performance with 0,5-1% can pay for. November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 13

14 Energy in buildings - Regulations November Innovation 2014 Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 14

15 Energy in buildings Why do we have regulations for energy consumption in buildings? Goal: Reduce 40 % of DK s total energy consumption is related to buildings Reduce CO 2 -emission from fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) Green house effect, climate changes Limited reserves of fossil fuels Security/stability of supply November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 15

16 Energy in Buildings Current rules and Best Practice Everyone has focus on sustainability, energy and climate New buildings Building Regulations are revised every 5th year Low energy buildings Towards nearly zero Existing buildings Energy labeling Building Regulations requirements for rebuilding and renovation Component requirements by replacement Energy consumption and energy frames Energiforbrug og energirammer [kwh/m kwh/m 2 ] Gns. Bygn BR1961 BR1979 BR1995 BR2006 BR2010 BR2015 BR2020 November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 16

17 History K-værdier Konstruktive bestemmelser/forslag Maks. U-værdier og konstruktive forslag Varmetabsramme Energiramme (rumopvarmning) Energiramme for tilført energi inkl. el Krav til bygningsdele og linietab Krav til varmetab ved transmission Kilde: Energitjenesten 2010 November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 17

18 Danish energy requirements The Danish Building Regulations (BR10) contain three energy classes (energy frames) for new buildings Energy performance (kwh/m 2 per year) Dwellings Other buildings BR10 52, /A 71, /A Lavenergiklasse /A /A Bygningsklasse Weighting factors for district heating (1,0 0,8 0,6) and electricity (2,5 2,5 1,8). Minimum requirements for Insulation (U-values) Installations (SFP, COP etc.) Air leakage/tightness November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 18

19 BR10 Energy consumption Energy consumption related to operation of the building Vægtes efter bruttoenergifaktor Energiforbrug Renewable energy to be deducted November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 19

20 Energy in buildings - Renovation November Innovation 2014 Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 20

21 Energy in Buildings Energy potential by renovation Total solutions or just installation solutions 160 Energy consumption [kwh/m 2 ] Avg. existing buildning Installation optimazation Total optimization Nearly zero November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 21

22 Energy in Buildings Challenges in energy renovation Framework conditions Owner/tenant issue Lack of knowledge about future requirements Economic barriers Too low energy consumption costs, high fixed contributions Major energy improvements are rarely profitable Low level of knowledge / standardization drives prices up Internal barriers To formulate ambitious demands To keep focus and maintain the energy perspective throughout the process To find and combine the right architectural and technical solutions To meet the expected energy savings November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 22

23 Which solutions are attractive? Reduce consumption of energy (supplied) Building envelope (insulation and windows) Installations Renewable energy (photo voltaics, solar collectors, heat pumps ) What to choose depends on Local conditions (energy costs, energy supply, local regulations) Architecture (increased insulation => thick walls, improved windows are not visible) Image visibility is preferred (photo voltaics, solar collectors ) November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 23

24 Look at the building as a whole considering Operation and maintenance Economy (total) Indoor climate Klimaskærm Facaderenovering Vinduesudskiftning Efterisolering af loft/tagudskiftning VE Solceller Solfanger Varmepumpe Installationer Ventilation Varmeanlæg Varmt brugsvand Bedre indeklima Lavere energiforbrug Bedre bygning, mindre vedligehold November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 24

25 Example - insulation How much? Varmeforbrug Consider Economy Combine solutions Building physics Optimalt Isoleringstykkelse November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 25

26 The Albertslund concept Energy demand Existing conditions Excessive temp. 13% EL 1% Building envelope External wall 245 mm Roof 200 mm Floor 250 mm Normal air tightness 2 layer windows (1,4) Building envelope Tightness (50%) Building envelope Tightness (50%) 3 layer windows (1,1) Building envelope External wall 350 mm Insulated parapet Tightness (33%) Building envelope External wall 400 mm Tightness (33%) Special windows (0,9) Building envelope Tightness (33%) Tech. installations Low temp. district heat Tech. installations Heat recovery (85%) Controlled venting Tech. installations Solar shading Tech. installations No solar shading Tech. installations Solar shading Solar heat 7 m 2 Tech. installations No solar heat 10m 2 photovoltaic cells Heat 86% Energy demand, kwh/m² Extra costs for energy initiatives (craftsman 40,617 70,382 76, , ,693 costs excl. VAT) Relative extra costs, % 4% 7% 7% 15% 19% November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 26

27 Integrated design of indoor climate and energy November Innovation 2014 Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 27

28 Integrated design of indoor climate and energy Sustainability, energy and indoor climate in the design phase Method of optimal design of buildings Focus on indoor environment and energy consumption A multidisciplinary task solved with participation of all parties Focus on indoor climate and energy in all decisions from the early design stage All elements are evaluated First building and facade design Then Installations Prevention before cure Analysis before documentation November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 28

29 Integrated design of indoor climate and energy Energiforsyning System, kollektive eller egne systemer Energikilde, bæredygtige, vedvarende eller fossile Effektiviser Minimer opvarmningsbehov, tab, klimastyrings og belysningsbehov Anvende energieffektive i installationer Styr i forhold til behov og brug Reducer belastninger Kritisk tilgang til behovet Mere luft er godt men er endnu mere luft endnu bedre? November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 29

30 Bygningsklasse 2020 Børnehuset Hånbæk har et energiforbrug på ca. 1/3 af det tilladte Lever op til kravene til Bygningsklasse 2020 Solceller Solcelleanlæg på taget producerer bæredygtig el Jordvarme Bæredygtig varmeforsyning Akkumuleret solenergi trækkes ud af jorden til rumvarme og varmt brugsvand 25 Ventilation Behovsstyret mekanisk ventilation med lavt elforbrug og høj varmegenvinding Kontrolleret luftskifte og godt indeklima Suppleres med naturlig ventilation Solafskærmning Udhæng reducerer solindfald når solen står højt Screen aktiveres efter behov Kunstig belysning Dagslysstyring Energieffektive armaturer og lyskilder Klimaskærm Velisoleret 3-lags vinduer Minimum af kuldebroer Tæthed Kompakthed Overfladeareal, varmetab, udsyn, dagslys Dagslys og udsyn Primære rum og aktiviteter placeret ved facade Højtsiddende vinduer og ovenlys i multirum og fællesrum November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 30

31 Low energy buildings Classic pitfalls. special attention on.. Indoor climate Focus on energy consumption could mean large glazed facades and over heating => BR10 requires documentation of indoor climate Daylight Influence on well-being Influence on energy consumption Potential conflict with thermal comfort (glass area) Cold bridges Increased insulation means that the relative influence of coldbridges increases Heating Room with different orientations, loads etc. have different demands for heat supply Radiators are less effective at low flows and temperature difference November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 31

32 Certification of sustainable buildings November Innovation 2014 Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 32

33 What is certification of sustainable buildings? Declaration of contents Declaration of buildings November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 33

34 Certifications at a glance Lavenergiklasse 2015 Bygningsklasse 2020 Passivhus Energy-neutral 0-energy CO 2 -neutral November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 34

35 Benefits of certification Reduced energy and running costs Better indoor climate, higher productivity, employee satisfaction Branding of company, image a way to differentiate from competitors Higher potential income from rent Higher Return On Investment (ROI) Proof of sustainability Future-proof investment November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 35

36 Companies that certify their buildings In Denmark International November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 36

37 Challenges and future solutions November Innovation 2014 Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 37

38 Energy efficient buildings Instruments Hvad skal der til BR BR2008 BR2010 BR2015 BR2020 Virkemidler i energioptimeringen BOLIG Design Effektiviser Tilføj Energiproduktion ERHVERV Design Effektiviser Tilføj Energiproduktion November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 38

39 How far should we go? BR2008 BR2010 BR2015 BR2020 Which is the more sustainable? Building with 0 kwh/m 2 or 30 kwh/m 2 Depends on Economy Energy supply Operation and maintenance Carbon Footprint November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 39

40 Conclusions How far should we go? Dwellings Somewhere between Lavenergiklasse 2015 and Bygningsklasse 2020 Simple installations, demand controlled ventilation Other buildings Around Lavenergiklasse 2015 Numerous and complex installations Heavy in terms of operations and maintenance, CTS etc. November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 40

41 Closure November Innovation 2014 Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 41

42 Summary Focus on indoor climate reason that we build Use the method Integrated design of indoor climate and energy in buildings Large potential in renovation of existing buildings Certification of sustainable buildings provide systems for comparison Low energy buildings How far should we go? November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 42

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44 and November 2014 Innovation Camp, Erhvervsakademi SydVest 44