Dakofa seminar 1. September, Ingeniørhuset, København Nanoteknologi Udvikling af nanomaterialer hvor kommer affaldshåndteringen ind Rafael J. Taboryski, lektor, DTU Nanotech Rafael Taboryski Lektor ved Intitut for Mikro- og Nanoteknologi, DTU Forsker og underviser i fysik og nanoteknologi på DTU Publikationer 65+ videnskabelige artikler og 6 udstedte patenter indenfor mikro- og nanoteknologi Ansættelser 2007- Risø og DTU Nanotech 2001-2007 Sophion Bioscience A/S: Director & Project manager, Consumables Technology 1999-2001 Danish Fundamental Metrology A/S, Staff Scientist 1995-1999 DTU: Associate research professor, Department of Physics 1994-1995 University of Cambridge, UK, Research fellow, Cavendish Laboratory 1992-1994 University of Copenhagen, Post Doc Uddannelse 1992 Erhvervs PhD, Københavns Universitet og Ferroperm A/S 1989 cand. scient. i fysik, Københavns Universitet 2 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 1
Hvor støder vi på nanoteknologi i hverdagen? 3 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 4 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 2
Gordon E. Moore Intel co-founder 1965 5 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark THE INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP FOR SEMICONDUCTORS: 2006 UPDATE 6 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 3
Nanoelektronik (elektronikaffald) 7 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark "science and technology where dimensions and tolerances in the range of 0.1 nanometer (nm) to 100 nm play a critical role." Nanotechnology (sometimes shortened to "nanotech") is the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally, nanotechnology works with materials, devices, and other structures with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometres As used today, the term nanotechnology usually refers to a broad collection of mostly disconnected fields. Essentially, anything sufficiently small and interesting can be called nanotechnology. Nanotechnology can perhaps be best defined as the ability to engineer new attributes through controlling features at a very small scale - at or around the scale of a nanometre a branch of technology dealing with the manufacture of objects with dimensions of less than 100 nanometres and the manipulation of individual molecules and atoms 8 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 4
Nature Nanotechnology Research areas Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes Computational nanotechnology Electronic properties and devices Environmental, health and safety issues Molecular machines and motors Molecular self-assembly Nanobiotechnology Nanofluidics Nanomagnetism and spintronics Nanomaterials Nanomedicine Nanometrology and instrumentation Nanoparticles Nanosensors and other devices NEMS Organic inorganic nanostructures Photonic structures and devices Quantum information Structural properties Surface patterning and imaging Synthesis and processing 9 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark Nanopartikler 10 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 5
Forholdet mellem overfladeareal og rumfang 1000 stk 10 1 Længde = 10 Længde = 1 Rumfang = 10 3 = 1000 Rumfang = 1000x1 3 = 1000 Overflade = 6x10 2 = 600 Overflade = 1000x6x1 2 = 6000 Overflade/Rumfang = 600/1000 = 0,6 Overflade/Rumfang = 6000/1000 = 6 11 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark Forholdet mellem overfladeareal og rumfang 1000 stk 1 mm 100 nm Længde = 10.000 Længde = 1 Rumfang = 10.000 3 = 10 12 Rumfang = 1000x1 3 = 1000 Overflade = 6x10.000 2 = 6x10 8 Overflade = 1000x6x1 2 = 6000 Overflade/Rumfang = 6x10 8 /10 12 = 0,0006 Overflade/Rumfang = 6000/1000 = 6 12 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 6
Nanopartikler Egenskaberne for mange konventionelle materialer ændrer sig når de udformes som nanopartikler Materialerne bliver mere potente pga. det øgede overflade/rumfang forhold Ønskede effekter indenfor f.eks. katalyse, drug delivery mm. kan forstærkes Uønskede effekter som forurening af miljøet, helbredsrisici (giftige, cancerfremkaldende, mm.) forstærkes også 13 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark Eksempler, nanopartikler/nanomaterialer Quantum dots (fluorescens mikroskopi) C 60 (grundforskning) Kulstof nanorør (byggematerialer) Au, Ag, Pt nanopartikler (katalyse) 14 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark Graphen (2D leder) 7
Naturens nanoteknologi 15 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark Strukturelle farver, I naturen kendt fra f.eks. sommerfuglevinger Cymothoe Sangaris sommerfugl fra Central Afrika. S. Nuzum, MEng. Thesis, Univ. Southampton, 2007 16 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 8
Super hydrofobe overflader, Lotus effekten 100 µm 20 µm W. Barthlott, C. Neinhuis, Planta (1997) 202: 1-8 17 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark Anti-reflektive overflader møl øje Øjnene på nogle møl arter er dækket med strukturer i nano-størrelse som nedsætter lys reflektionen fra øjet og derved nedsætter risikoen for at blive set af rovdyr. S.A. Boden and D. M. Bagnall, Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 7401, 2009 18 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 9
DNA molekylet guanin (G) danner par med cytosin (C) G-C adenin (A) med thymin (T) A-T 3.4 nm 0.34 nm Menneske dna molekyler (kromosomer): Gennemsnitlig længde ca. 150 Mbp (5 cm) 19 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 2 nm Nanostrukturerede overflader? 20 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 10
20x16 µm topografi af spidsen på kuglepen 1 µm 21 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark Nanosurf AG Nanoskala lithografi DTU Danchip Nanolithografi udstyr: 22 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark JEOL-JBX9300 Electron beam writer (20 nm) Canon FPA-3000 EX6 DUV Stepper (220 nm) EVG 520HE Nano-imprint Lithography (50 nm) 11
Nanostrukturer fremstillet i plastik (plastaffald) AFM Image of stamp SEM Image of stamp pillar size 450 nm, period 700 nm 23 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark AFM Image of imprint Kunstige strukturelle farver (plastaffald) 24 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 12
25 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark Emil Søgaard, DTU Nanotech 2012 Superhydrofob overflade (plastaffald) Sprøjtestøbt mikroskop slide med lotus effekt Emil Søgaard, DTU Nanotech 2012 26 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 13
(Medicin affald) 27 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark Nanoaffald De fleste nanoprodukter kan bortskaffes med eksisterende affaldsordninger Nanopartikler i pulverform skal håndteres specielt Nanopartikler opløst i væske skal håndteres specielt 28 DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark 14