IP01: Permeable befæstelser Senior consultant /PhD-fellow Jan Støvring jls@ign.ku.dk Landscape architecture and Planning Project partners: IBF, NCC, BYGGROS, Stenrand Grusgrav, MJK Elektronik, Rambøll, Midtgaard Granit og Betonvarer, NORRECCO, Nyrup Plast, HOFOR, Københavns Kommune, Others; Teknologisk Institut Test Centre at Svanemøllehallen supported by Hofor and project partners Dias 1
Tests at Svanemøllehallen Stall 3 Stall 2 Dias 2 Stall 1 4.05.2013
04.03.2013
15.03.2013
Tests at Svanemøllehallen Monitoring well Each stall 5 x 5 meter all runoff is directed in to the monitoring well
Experimental stalls 6 5 4 3 2 1 2-8 crushed aggregates 2-5 crushed aggregates crushed aggregates 32-45 + 5-8 Crushed recycled concrete 4-32 Drænstabil Dias 6
Accumulated storm water infiltrated in each stall November 2013 Dias 7
Accumulated storm water infiltrated in each stall Testfelt 1 2 3 4 5 6 September 2013 Nedbør (L) 1515 1515 1515 1515 1515 1515 Nedbør gennem testfelt (L) 1643 1378 1358 1460 1617 - Difference (L) 128-136 -157-55 102 - Afvigelse (%) 8 % -10 % -12 % -4 % 6 % - November 2013 Nedbør (L) 1157 1157 1157 1157 1157 1157 Nedbør gennem testfelt (L) 1056 952 916 975 982 - Difference (L) 101 205 241 182 175 - Afvigelse (%) -9 % -18 % -21 % -16 % - 15 % - December 2013 Nedbør (L) 1464 1464 1464 1464 1464 1464 Nedbør gennem testfelt (L) 1628 1444 1461 1556 1532 - Difference (L) 164 20 3 91 67 - Afvigelse (%) 10 % 1 % 0 % 6 % 4 % - Januar 2014 Nedbør (L) 1545 1545 1545 1545 1545 1545 Nedbør gennem testfelt (L) 1713 1574 1567 1682 1688 - Difference (L) 168 29 22 137 143 - Afvigelse (%) 10 % 2 % 1 % 8 % 8 % - Dias 8
Flow by storm event Stall 1-5 November 27th-28 th 2013 Delayed response when rain after dry period Dias 9
Flow by storm event Stall 1-5 September 15 th 2013 Large vol. by pervious pavers, will probably be smaller today(?) Small vol. by RCA Dias 10
Peak reduction testfelt start (time) slut (time) peak(tid) peak (flow L/10min) peak forskydning (timer:minutter) peak reduktion (Vol) Rain event 15-09-2013 05:50 15-09-2013 03:50 30,626 1 15-09-2013 07:00 15-09-2013 08:30 15-09-2013 07:30 14,036 03:40:00 54% 2 15-09-2013 06:00 15-09-2013 08:20 15-09-2013 07:10 18,652 03:20:00 39% 3 15-09-2013 06:50 15-09-2013 08:20 15-09-2013 07:20 9,326 03:30:00 70% 4 15-09-2013 07:00 15-09-2013 08:40 15-09-2013 07:40 4,522 03:50:00 85% 5 15-09-2013 06:00 15-09-2013 08:20 15-09-2013 07:10 19,028 03:20:00 38% Dias 11
Surface infiltration tests 1400 1200 1000 after 4 Month after 12 Month after 18 Month % reduction Stall 1 302 136 117 61 Stall 2 64 21 11 83 Stall 3 276 76 8 97 Stall 4 529 501 480 9 Stall 5 1144 823 710 38 Stall 6 343 70 39 89 Same toplayer but different base course intensity(µm/s) 800 600 400 after 4 mdr. after 12 mdr. after 18 mdr. 200 0 testfelt 1 testfelt 2 testfelt 3 testfelt 4 testfelt 5 testfelt 6 Cloudburst >15mm/30 min Same toplayer but different base course
Other observations October 14: 90% of joints in stall 6 have weed only 10% in stall 1 has (Same surface). More refilling/maintenance in stall 6 than 1 January 14: When thaw less water on surface by PP Dias 13
Infiltration tests on permeable paving's elsewhere SF-Rima, Lendemosevej 2013 Pavers, Bellinge, 2014 SF Rima, Helenevej, 2014 Permeable Asphalt, Billund, 2012 PICP, VandCenter Syd, 2012 PICP, DANVA, 2011 Granite slaps, Stiholmvej, Birkerød, 2012 Dias 14
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 intensitet (µm/s) Infiltration rate after simulated cleaning Time (tt:mm:ss) Infiltration rate (mm/t) Infiltration rate (µm/s) Lendemosevej, Lions Park Søllerød 00:02:11 1788 497 Helenevej, Frederiksberg 00:21:47 685 190 VandCentre Syd, Odense 00:12:10 662 184 Stilholmsvej, Birkerød 00:02:36 1332 370 DANVA, Skanderborg 00:55:10 122 34 Bellinge, Odense 00:01:13 2683 745 Cargovej, Billund 01:02:00 12 3 10-årshændelse 100-årshændelse før oprens efter oprens 600 400 200 0 Lendemosevej, Lions Park Søllerød Dias 15 Helenevej, Frederiksberg VandCentre Syd, Odense Stilholmsvej, Birkerød DANVA, Skanderborg lokalitet
Resultat fra infiltrationstest sammenlignet med dimensioneringsgivende regnhændelser Lendemosevej, Lions Park Søllerød Helenevej, Frederiksberg Infiltrationsevne (µm/s) 1.000 100 10 Stilholmsvej, Birkerød VandCentre Syd, Odense DANVA, Skanderborg Cargovej, Billund Bellinge, Odense 100-årshændelse 10-årshændelse 5-årshændelse 1 1 10 100 time (min) Dias 16
Dias 17 IGN
Helenevej, cloudburst 31.august-1. sep. 2014 between kl. 21:34 og 03:38 falder der 70 mm nedbør (SVK Landbohøjskolen) dome of visions 2. sep 2014 Dias 18
Helenevej, cloudburst 31.august-1. sep. 2014 start finish duration Massemidtpunkt(tid) Highest waterlevel (mm) regnhændelse 30-08-2014 22:34 7 05:02 64 01:40 Intensity (30min) 01:36 32 02:06 52 00:30 section A 01:42 27 04:24 488 02:42 03:00 77 section B 02:48 8 04:32 427 01:44 03:04 213 section C 02:00 54 03:56 386 01:56 03:14 41 section D 01:40 23 04:34 280 02:54 03:08 27 Dias 19
25. Marts 2014
sewer Crosscutting ditch for 27. Marts 2014
Aprox. 30cm of clay with humus Moraine clay 27. Marts 2014
Råjordsplanum etape E 8% 0% 2% sand(sa) forklaring (SA) 24% grus(gr) 29% 4% moræneler(ml) moræneler med muld(mm) betonstøbning omking kantsten tværgående membran 33% brønde til fjernvarme Dias 23
Volume and water storage capacity of sandy (constructed) layers (SA og GR) diameter [m] radius [m] length porosity Volume [m3] Volume [l] Vol (district heating pipe) 0,125 0,0625 36 0,4415625 441,5625 2 pipes in total 883,125 area [m2] depth [m] porosity Volume [m3] Volume of area around district heating pipe 38,4 0,375 0,3 4,32 4320 3436,875 diameter [m] radius [m] length porosity Volume [m3] Volume [l] Volume of sewer pipe 0,1 0,05 36 0,2826 282,6 area [m2] depth [m] porosity Volume [m3] Volume of area around sewer pipe 11,9 0,8 0,3 2,856 2856 2573,4 Volume of sand pocket (estimate) area [m2] depth [m] porosity Volume [m3] Volume [l] 0,8 0,5 0,3 0,12 120 grus alle area [m2] depth [m] porosity Volume [m3] Volume [l] 8,4 0,2 0,3 0,504 504 Total volume [l] 6634,275 Dias 24
First scenario: Homogenous clay till V(water)=Ksat*Area [m3/d] Total area [m 2 ] Ksat (m/s] Ksat [m/d] 198,2 0,000001 0,0864 17,12448 liter/day 17124,48 Second scenario: Hetergeonous Area sediment type [m 2 ] Ksat [m/s] Ksat [m/d] sand 54,7 5,72429E-05 4,945790217 clay till 65,7 7,74949E-06 0,669555942 mull clay 58,1 7,90212E-06 0,682742859 betonstøbning omking kantsten 16,4 0 0 brønde til fjernvarme 3,3 0 0 198,2 0 V(water)=Ksat*Area [m3/d] liter/day 354,1919104 354191,9104 Difference between two scenarios [m3/d] 337,0674304 in liter/day 337067,4 Largest accumulated water volume (Q) for a 5 year rain event mm l/m2 for etape 1 23,8 23,8 4717,16 Dias 25
M11 27. Marts 2014
M17 M15 M18 M16 3. April 2014
M15 M15 Falling head 0,005 = 5,0 x 10-5 m/s M16 Constant head 0,0016 = 1,6 x 10-5 m/s M17 Constant head 0,0005 = 5,0 x 10-6 m/s 3. April 2014
No troxler 1,2,3,4,5,6 No Density kg/m3 Moisture % 1 1248 27,7 Average Kg/m3 2 1210 31,2 3 1195 29,9 1218 4 1115 44,6 No 7,8,9 5 1149 34,9 6 1209 29,4 1158 7 1425 23,4 8 1489 23,7 9 1647 20 1520 10 1445 26,6 11 1498 23,4 12 1815 1586 No 10,11,12 1370 3. April 2014