On-board emission measurements NO X. Erik Fridell

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1 On-board emission measurements NO X Erik Fridell

2 Research and consultancy by IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute around 200 employees engineers, economists, social scientists, geoscientists, chemists, biologists, agriculturalists, communicators etc. Independent - owned by a foundation (SIVL) in which both the Government and commercial life are represented on the Board Accredited laboratories More than 40 years' experience In continuous development since 1966 Marine emissions measurements since 1989

3 On Board Measurements Measurements for NO X certificates in Sweden - Shipowners with low NO X emissions get lower fairway and port dues Measurements for NO X certificates in Norway NO X tax /fund system Research projects e.g.: Ammonia slip measurements PM measurements

4 Regulations, nitrogen oxides NO X (g/kwh) Year NOX (g/kwh) World NOX (g/kwh) ECA Tier II from 2012, global Tier III from 2016, NO X -ECAs How to comply with Tier III? Selective Catalytic Reduction EGR + water? LNG

5 Weighting of Test Cycles Constant-speed test cycles E2 for ME D2 for AE Speed 100% 100% 100% 100% Power 100% 75% 50% 25% Weight factor Speed 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Power 100% 75% 50% 25% 10% Weight factor Current Swedish certification is based on ME at 75% and AE at 50% power only

6 Obtaining the corrected emission factor Note that the NO X formation depend on ambient factors Measured NO x emission (ppm concentration) Measured CO 2, CO, O 2 emissions Ambient factors Inlet Air (Temp & RH) Intercool. Temp Ambient Press. Fuel Carbon (%) Fuel Density Fuel Consumption (l/hr.) Engine (brake) power NO x corrected mass flow Specific Fuel Consumption (g/kwh) NO x Emission Factors (g/kwh)

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8 Marine SCR SCR have been tested in Swedish waters for about 15 years thanks to fairway dues reductions and customer pressure SCR can reduce approx. 95% of NO X Deactivation Low temperature activity Ammonia slip

9 NO X and NH 3 conc in exhaust SCR system in short transfer NH3 (ppm) NOx (ppm) NH3 NOx Horiba :50:00 15:06:40 15:23:20 15:40:00

10 NH 3 slip measurement Sampling & Analysis or On-line measurement Sond Teflon hose Exhaust Absorbent Photometer Evacuating Pump / volume meter Laser Diode Spectrometer

11 How to monitor NO X Continuous onboard Good for total emissions Monitor deactivation Translation from measured values to corrected value from measurement cycle? Ammonia slip Downtime? Factory measurement No control of deactivation No control of ammonia slip How to monitor that the system is used? (urea consumption) Onboard regular checks Corrected NO X EF Control of ammonia slip Urea consumption?

12 Thank you for your attention!

13 Regulations, sulphur S-content in fuel (%) Year S (%) World S (%) SECA S (%) EU ports How to comply? Low-sulphur fuel Scrubbers LNG

14 Scrubbers The exhaust is brought in contact with scrubber water (bubbling, or mist). SO 2 reacts with salt and form ions. The water is treated and returned to sea Can be open with seawater or closed loop with freshwater and NaOH Established technology on land SO 2 (gas) + H 2 O + ½O 2 ==> SO H + HCO 3- + H + ==> CO 2 + H 2 O

15 Technical criteria for scrubbers Scrubbers in combination with heavy fuel oil is an alternative to use low-sulphur fuel Scrubbers will reduce the SO 2 emissions to equivalent levels Scrubbers will to some extent reduce emissions of NOx and PM Sulphates and other substances will be emitted to sea with the washwater

16 Washwater criteria (IMO) ph max 2 ph units below seawater PAH 2.25 mg/kwh of PAH-phenanthrene equivalents A means to monitor hydrocarbons Turbidity 25 FMU Not good for monitoring PM Nitrates - max 12% of NOx in exhaust gas removed Risk for eutrophication

17 Thank You!