FutureGas. Marie Münster Professor MSO Sustainability Division Vice projektleder FutureGas

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1 FutureGas Marie Münster Professor MSO Sustainability Division Vice projektleder FutureGas

2 FutureGas - gassens rolle i det fremtidige energisystem Finansieret af Innovationsfonden 4-årigt projekt, afsluttes i 2020 Vi er ialt 18 partnere heraf 7 forskningsinstitutioner, 9 virksomheder og 2 repræsentanter for myndigheder 3 PhD'er og 5 PostDocs bliver uddannet

3 Kick-off møde Oktober 2016

4 FutureGas Partnerne

5 futuregas.dk

6 Integration af gas i energisystemet El, fjernvarme, transport Omkostningseffektiv indpasning af gasser baseret på vedvarende energi Biogas, SNG, brint.. Hvordan anvendes de bedst Opgradering/metanisering/direkte anvendelse Hvordan anvender vi bedst naturgas-infrastrukturen Skal vi evt. afgrene dele af nettet? Anvendelse af gas i transporten Erfaringer fra Sverige Modellering af gas Balmorel, Sifre, avanceret værktøjs-udvikling Regulering af gas Tariffer, skatter.

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8 Centrale spørgsmål Kan vi producere og bruge gas uden væsentlige drivhusgas-emissioner? Hvordan skal vi bruge den vedvarende gas i energisystemet? og skal vi bruge gas-nettet som vi gør i dag? Hvilke muligheder og begrænsninger giver/sætter energisystemet for den fremtidige anvendelse af gas?

9 LNG - Examples Norwegian MF Glutra - 1 st LNG gas ferry 2000 Fjord Line - Two Cruise Ferries - Denmark Norway PJ/year Cargo Ships - Ordered - Mostly dual-fuel Source: Schnack and Krüger 2015

10 Methane Slip Methane Slip from Operation GWP Life Cycle Emissions compared to HFO [%] LNG LBG 8 % % % % Source: Own rough calculation based on data from Brynolf et al Methane Slip Operation [%] Dual-fuel engines Dedicated gas engines High Pressure Direct Injection HDPI 0.4 Sources: Calculation from Dejene Assefa Hagos based on Stenersen and Thonstad 2017 / Corbett et al. 2015

11 2.3 Tests in laboratory (2) Gas quality and CH4 emissions. Collaboration with 5 EU laboratories RESULTS OBTAINED (1) 1 Understanding of the emissions of CH4 (under start-stop operations) Main influence factors: Nominal emissions Start stop frequency Gas quality FUTURE GAS WP2 JSC/DGC The relative CH4 loss for a DK avg. user is between 0,10% and 0,35%

12 Reduktion af UHC emission under opstart og nedlukning -Erfaringer fra gasmotorer UHC / ppm Opstart 0 00:00:00 00:07:12 00:14:24 00:21:36 00:28:48 Time 2000 Nedlukning Konklusion på metan-udslip Original settings Original settings Modified 1 (UHC focus) Modified 1 (UHC focus) Modified 2 (NOx focus) Vi skal have fokus Modified på metan-lækage 2 (NOx focus) 8000 UHC / ppm Vi kan forventeligt nedbringe metan udslip på en række områder Der kan være 4000 anvendelser, hvor vi må undlade at bruge gas 0 00:00:00 00:03:36 00:07:12 00:10:48 00:14:24 Time Kilde: Faster CHP gas engine start with less emission, Project report 2. DGC report R

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15 Hvad gør vi med VE-gassen? Distribution af renset, men ikke konditioneret VE gas Injection af VE gas i mindre målestok i gas-nettet Forsyne større forbrugere direkte med VE-gas Modificere (dele af) eksisterende net Tilpasse net og apparater til en anden gaskvalitet (VE- gas kvalitet) Afgreninger af nettet

16 Grøn gas i transmissions-systemet Den basale ide: Transmissions systemet er gassystemets motorvej. Der er høj gennemstrømning. Derfor kan betydelige mængder af gas injiceres og gennem fortynding opnår vi en tilfredstillende kvalitet Er det tilfældet?

17 Flows i det danske transmissions-system Injicering af VE-gas Flow i det danske transmissionsnet tillader kun injicering af små mængder renset (men ikke opgraderet) VE-gas

18 Store forbrugere -Industri Direkte anvendelse af VE-gas Kun få storforbrugere har en varighedskurve, der gør direkte anvendelse interessant Må vurderes i hvert enkelt tilfælde

19 Afgrening af net Case Jebjerg Et distributionsnet og et biogas-anlæg Biogas

20 Omkostninger Forced: All domestic boilers are replaced instantaneously Continuously: Domestic boilers are replaced successively at end of technical lifetime Continuously/flare: Domestic boilers are replaced successively at end of technical lifetime, surplus biogas is flared Biogas upgrading: As today Reference case

21 Resultater af forskellige scenarier Separate net Det er billigere at opgradere end at omstille apparater og net Opgraderingen er mere fleksibel

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23 2.1 Mapping of the Danish gas utilisations and evolution (main appliances, consumption, etc.) How many? Gas consumption? New technologies? New utilisations? FUTURE GAS WP2 JSC/DGC

24 2.2 Analysis of the impact of (future) gas quality on appliances What are the acceptable variation of gas quality? Extensive analysis of impact by sector and appliance: Domestic Commercial Transport Industry Power generation The report is used for the EU gas quality harmonisation process FUTURE GAS WP2 JSC/DGC

25 2.3 Tests in laboratory (1) Collaboration with 5 EU laboratories: Test of combustion control on 6 condensing boilers Conclusion: The existing technology enable appliances to maintain the air ratio constant (and this means it burns gas safely and efficiently with no increase in emissions) over a much higher range than foreseen in the future. FUTURE GAS WP2 JSC/DGC

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27 Transport: Energy use and CO2 emissions

28 Model linking with WP4 - Iterative process Data alignment and consistency - Wind and solar production profiles - Electricity and heat demand profiles - Emission limits - Resource potentials - Technology data Balmorel TIMES Convergence in technology mix diffusion is assumed to be the criterion Balmorel

29 Transport fuel mix Transport fuel mix Natural gas MGO LPG LNG Kerosene PJ HFO Gasoline Biogasoline Electricity Diesel Biodiesel Upgraded biogas 0 LATESPRINT Milestone years MARATHON

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31 Resource potential Manure potential: 38 mio. tons Straw potential: 55 PJ

32 Scenarios Simulation year Scenarios Biomethane and SNG demand Liquid Biofuel demand Bio-Jet for heavy road-transportdemand and shipping Exogenous hydrogen demand Exogenous electricity demand Additional EV electricity demand (PJ) (PJ) (PJ) (PJ) (PJ) (PJ) Base line SNG Liquid biofuel More EV BioJet H

33 Bioenergy resources

34 Biofuel and biogas production

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36 Cases in WP6 3) RE supportmodels - 1) Power-to-Gas 2) LNG Contribution to cases certificates and more 4) Gas in transport 5) Hybrid heating Partners in WP6 a b c a b a b a b DTU Management Engineering (DTU-ME) X X X X X X X X X X HMN naturgas (HMN) X X X (X) X NGF Nature Energy (NGF) X X X X X Danish Energy Association (DE) X X X (X) X Danish Gastribution (DGD) X X X Energinet X X X X X X X X (X) X Danish Energy Agency (DEA) X X X Florence School of Regulation (FSR) X X X X X Exeter University (Exeter) X X X X (X) Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) X X (X) (X) 1 Power-to-Gas a) Hydrogen as power storage (Power-to-Gas b) Hydrogen sent to the grid c) Upgrading (Power-to-Biomethane) 2 LNG a) Large scale commercial LNG b) Small scale, LBG 3 Renewable gases Certificates a) An overall market model for the support of renewable gases b) Green certificates applied together with other tax- or support regulation 4 Gas in Transport (LNG/CNG) a) Land transport (blending demands) b) Maritime transport 5 Hybrid electricity driven heat pumps backed by gas boiler

37 Hybrid case: Electric heat pump + gas boiler Gas boiler provides 9,6% of heat demand

38 Preliminary results regulation of biogas Renewable gas support system Requirements Promote investments and efficient operation Ensure biogas to become economic competitive compared to other renewable technologies Facilitate export/import - cross-border trade Ensure that all environmental benefits are valued

39 Model: Tool Stacking Several values: - Energy (flexible, storable, high temperature and for transport) - Environmental (GHG, nutrients, smell) => several tools Example: Combination of semi-technology neutral auctions with other support tools Biomethane Manure treatment + Biogas production + upgrading + Green Gas in the grid FIT for manure Technology neutral auction for green gases Green certificate exchanged for: - Tax reduction (green gas tax) or - EU-ETS (carbon emissions) or - Bio-Ticket (transport blending demand)

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41 FutureGas scenario framework

42 Centrale problemstillinger Kan vi producere og bruge gas uden væsentlige drivhusgasemissioner? Udslip af metan kan være en show-stopper! Dual-fuel motorer er problematiske Gaskedler har et lavt metan-udslip - gasmotorer kan vi gøre noget ved. Vi skal have fokus på metan-lækage Hvordan skal vi bruge den vedvarende gas i energisystemet? Skal VE-gasser injiceres i gas-nettet eller skal vi bruge dem på anden måde? Opgradering/metanisering er et godt valg og skal vi bruge gas-nettet som vi gør i dag? Kan vi fuldt udnytte det eksisterende net.eller skal vi afgrene og lave separate del-net? Separate net kan være omkostningstunge Hvilke muligheder og begrænsninger giver/sætter energisystemet for den fremtidige anvendelse af gas? Det vil vores energimodeller give svar på.. Biogas, SNG og H2 får alle en rolle

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44 Opmærksomhed fra udlandet Blandt andet delegationer fra USA og Gabon Deltagelse i ERIG og EU SuperP2G projekt Spørgsmål eller kommentarer? Marie Münster maem@dtu.dk