Myter om ernæring og fedme. Arne Astrup. Institutleder, professor, dr.med. Institut for idræt og Ernæring

Transkript

1 Myter om ernæring og fedme Arne Astrup Institutleder, professor, dr.med. Institut for idræt og Ernæring

2 Myter og nyheder inden for ernæringsvidenskab En række eksempler fra den globale videnskab Øl og vin Chokolade Æg Nødder og mandler Ost og mejeriprodukter Fedtstoffer Vægtkontrol gennem protein/kulhydrat ratio

3 Experts Experts Where facts are few, experts are many. Donald R Gannon

4 Pop quiz Myth Presumption Fact 1 Small sustained changes in energy intake or expenditure will produce large, long-term weight changes 2 3 Setting realistic goals in obesity treatment is important because otherwise patients will become frustrated and lose less weight Provision of meals and use of mealreplacement products promote greater weight loss 4 Diets very effectively reduce weight, but trying to go on a diet or recommending that someone go on a diet generally does not work well in the long-term 5 Large, rapid weight loss is associated with poorer long-term weight outcomes than is slow, gradual weight loss

5

6 Experts An expert is somebody who is more than 50 miles from home, has no responsibility for implementing the advice he gives, and shows slides. Edwin Meese III

7 Myths, Presumptions and Facts about Obesity

8 Myth: Large, rapid weight loss is associated with poorer long-term weight loss outcomes, as compared with slow, gradual weight loss.

9

10

11 Greater initial weight loss is associated with greater long-term outcome

12 Myth: Small sustained changes in energy intake or expenditure will produce large, long-term weight changes.

13

14 Misleading information from the Danish National Board of Health (and many more)

15

16 Myth: Setting realistic goals for weight loss is important, because otherwise patients will become frustrated and lose less weight.

17

18

19

20

21 Snacking depends on the type of snacks Conclusion: Snacking with high-protein, low-gi meals leads to fat loss

22 Meal Replacements Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord May;27(5): Weight management using a meal replacement strategy: meta and pooling analysis from six studies. Heymsfield SB, van Mierlo CA, van der Knaap HC, Heo M, Frier HI. Source Obesity Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. SBH2@Columbia.edu A meta-analysis estimate indicated a 2.54 kg (P<0.01) and 2.43 kg (P=0.14) greater weight loss in the PMR group for the 3- month and 1-y periods, respectively. Risk factors of disease associated with excess weight improved with weight loss in both groups at the two time points. CONCLUSION: This first systematic evaluation of randomized controlled trials utilizing PMR plans for weight management suggests that these types of interventions can safely and effectively produce significant sustainable weight loss and improve weight-related risk factors of disease.

23 Experts There are as many opinions as there are experts. Franklin D. Roosevelt

24 Myter og nyheder inden for ernæringsvidenskab En række eksempler fra den globale videnskab Øl og vin Chokolade Nødder og mandler Ost og mejeriprodukter Fedtstoffer

25 Drik ikke alkohol for din sundheds skyld Du har en lav risiko for at blive syg på grund af alkohol ved et forbrug på 7 genstande om ugen for kvinder og 14 for mænd Du har en høj risiko for at blive syg på grund af alkohol hvis du drikker mere end 14/21 om ugen Stop før 5 genstande ved samme lejlighed Er du gravid undgå alkohol. Prøver du at blive gravid undgå alkohol for en sikkerheds skyld Er du ældre vær særlig forsigtig med alkohol Dias 25

26 Drik mere vin: resultater fra Østerbro undersøgelsen Doktordisputats om vinens fortræffelighed Vi ved alle, at det er sundt at drikke vin i moderate mængder. Denne gode erfaring underbygges nu af en doktordisputats, udarbejdet af seniorforsker Morten Grønbæk fra Institut for Sygdomsforebyggelse i Hovedstadens Sygehusfællesskab. Drikker du to til tre glas vin om dagen, er du bedre beskyttet mod hjerte-karsygdomme og kræft end folk med et større eller mindre forbrug. Ifølge Morten Grønbæks disputats tyder meget på, at de sunde stoffer i vin er de såkaldte flavonoider, og dem er der flere af i rødvin end i hvidvin. d6ae5c12577f60065cd37/475fec8b63c9e894c b8108!opendocument Dias 26

27 The relative contribution of Beer and wine to Danish alcohol consumption 60,0 55,0 53,7 50,0 50,6 % 45,0 48,3 47,2 44,4 42,4 43,3 45,0 vin øl 40,0 35,0 35,1 37,6 39,6 38,9 39,4 42,4 39,8 37,8 30, Dias 27 27

28 Dias 28

29 Dias 29

30 Potential Conflicts of Interest Associate Editor of American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Advisor or member of advisory boards for a number of food and pharmaceutical producers etc.: Communications and Scientific Advisory Board of The Global Dairy Platform, Kraft Health & Wellness Advisory Council, Glenview, Il, USA; Scientifc Board member, Beer Knowledge Institute (Amsterdam); Dias 30

31 Myter og nyheder inden for ernæringsvidenskab En række eksempler fra den globale videnskab Øl og vin Chokolade Nødder og mandler Ost og mejeriprodukter Fedtstoffer Dias 31