High Penetration PV and Smart Grids

Transkript

1 High Penetration PV and Smart Grids Solutions Applied to Denmark s Grid Connected Renewables IEA PVPS Workshop Kenn H. B. Frederiksen Kenn H. B. Frederiksen, Manager RE, EnergiMidt Jeanette Møller Jørgensen, Energinet.dk, R&D coordinator

2 Electricity system 2025 Presentation The political situation Export connections and off shore wind (large shale PV) New large customers = transport and heat Smart Grids = Intelligent system Vision: a system without fossil fuel

3 The governmental energy strategy MW new wind in % RE-eletricity in 2025, mostly wind Biofuel from 4 PJ to 20 PJ out of possible 40 PJ Biofuel on larger powerplants Smart Grids RE part of final consumption

4 There is a long term plan for netstructure

5 MW 9,000 Development in the eletricity network Power balance - Denmark Vest 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0? The development id driven by favorable feed-in tariffs Wind power coverage 2008 Vest 24 % East 12 % Vind Decentral Central Elforbrug

6 The possible sites for 4,6 GW offshore wind

7 The infrastructure planned and possible projects New EU support Kriegers Flak 150 m Nordsø Grid (COBRA) 165 m

8 Denmark between Nord and South DC AC Eksisterende Existing Besluttede Planned 250 MW 70 MW 125 MW 750 MW 60 MW 100 MW 900 MW 700 MW 50 MW Project 600 MW HVDC connection Denmark The Nederland (COBRA) Denmark-Germany ESB MW Nord MW South 2017: 2500 MW Nord & South NG NorNed NorGen NORDEL MW Cobra 600 MW MW UCTE 450 MW MW 630 MW MW 600 MW 450 MW 500 MW 400 MW MW 100 MW Extra 600 MW HVDC connection Skagerrak (pol 4) planned for 2014 UPS New 600 MW HVDC connection over Storebælt autumn 2010

9 Wind power planns in neigbour areas

10 Windpower covers often the whole consumbtion 120% Wind power / consumption DK-W Wind power share of electricity consumption in DK-V 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Windpower share in Danmark Vest: 24 % 0%

11 Windpower is the main course to unbalance Production in % of total installed capacity 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Wind speed [m/s] % of installed capacity A change of 1 m/s => change in production of 350 MW (Vest Denmark)

12 Windpower is the main course to unbalance More than half of the unbalances in the grid is coursed by wind power Wrong wind prognoses increases the unbalance in the grid in app. 70 % of all hours Down regulating Up regulating 0,2% 5,0% 13,0% 10,1% 10,1% 1,6% 20,0% 38,0% 45,3% 56,7% El enheder > 10 MW (inkl. Horns Rev 1) Regulerbar kraftvarme < 10 MW Ikke-regulerbar kraftvarme < 10 MW Vindkraft (ekskl. Horns Rev 1) Forbrug variationer

13 Significant more wind power in the future Today 8 weeks Today MW MW MW uge uge Denmark has to use our own options for regulation and trade with our neighbors. The power security has to be high and the value of the wind power has to be maximized both economical and environmental.

14 8.000 How do we secure the balance in the future? + 3,000 MW MW Residual production from others sources than wind Owerrun of power additional production from wind

15 Mio. kr. 600 Cost for system services ,268,456 EUR Forced to run Automatically reserves Manuelle reserver inkl. emergency start DK1 (Vest Denmark) DK2 (East Denmark)

16 The development of the grid until 2025 < 100 kv > 100 kv Decentralized H&P-plants - RE fuel - Full market participation New consumption - Electrical cars - Heat pumps/electrical heating Production by DC/AC - PV - Fuel cells Consumer - Consumption - Smart Meters - New market products Central H&P-plants RE fuel CCS on more plants New power production Off shore wind Transmission grid Offshore grid HVDC connections 400 kv improvements Cabling, 132/150 kv Regulating of the system Store electricity as heat Electrical storage

17 More RE = several solutions Short term Medium term Long term Primary focus Balancing of the system Border trading, New foreign connections Stronger and extended grid Regulation of production by new tariffs (negative spot prices) Spread off shore wind power Flexible consumption Flexible production Storage by electrolyse H2 fuel cells Compressed Air Energy Storage Storrage in other batteries Primary focus eletricity in other sectors Heat pumps at CHP Eletrical heating Heat pumps in households Plug-in hybrid cars Electrical cars Transferable electrolyze H2 transport sector Transferable electrolyze H2 gas systems Heatpumps and eletrical cars is new fleksible consumers

18 Connections in the energy system 18 TWh RE in 2025 ~ 50 % of the precent consumbtion Eletrical cars Eletrical heating Heat pumps

19 Electricity storage opportunities Electricity Storage Electricity Electrolyses Hydrogen Fuel Cell Boiler Water Heat Compressor Air Turbine Pumps Water Turbine AC/DC Battery DC/AC Flexibility and minimal loss is key specifications

20 Electricity to transport = large CO 2 reduction

21 Electrical cars as distributed batteries "Quick" charging 15 min. Station for battery charging Grid system - Market funktion - Infrastrukture -System services - Communication Charge on parking slots and work ~ = Windpower Combined H&P plant Charge in own home International connections

22 Intelligent energy electricity and transport simple charge of eletrical cars intelligent charge of electrical cars

23 Intelligent use of electrical cars in the market EDISON

24 Market based activating of all resources Consumbtion in industries Regulated windpower Move consumbtion Kr/MWh Electrical cars Heat storage and heatpumps PricePrisfleksibelt elforbrug MW

25 Smart Houses Added green power sources Plug-in hybrid electric cars Real-time and green pricing Signals Smart thermostats, appliances and in-home control devices Highspeed, networked Customer connections interaction with utility

26 Intelligent meters - new facilities Electricity consumbtion Media Alarms Surveillance Meter Data kom. Communication Remote measurement TOU Heat consumbtion? El Photovoltaic Wind power, µchp Gas consumbtion Cars, heat pumps Water consumbtion Smart Meter Residential Gateway On/off consumbtion

27 Energinet.dk activities and projects Smart Grids vision in US, EU and Denmark The system is build with intelligence We have an intelligent grid Concept for regulation in 2025 Analyze and report in 2011 and afterwards The new grid has to be ready in 2025 Cell project Control and regulation of all decentralized resources Show technical solutions that are economical feasible EcoGrid.dk project Phase I = Plan for incentivizes for 50 % RE-grid Phase II = Specific analyzes and demonstrations EcoGrid.EU project 24 pan European partners in a EU smart grid project Bornholm as a LAB

28 HATTING Celleprojektet Skodbjerge Hemmet Skjern Syd Tarm Tarm Vest Østergårde STOUSTRUP Ådum Knaplund Sdr Omme Barslund Skerris Give THYREGOD Kollemorten Hauge Honum Hadrup Lille Gedved Gosmer Elbæk Ås Egebjerg Lund Blirup Lerdrup BygholmFussingvej Åboulevarden Drosselbo Horsens Kraftvarmeværk Sønderhov Torsvang Korning Ternevej Nymindegab Filskov Ølgod Uhe Farre Nr Nebel Lummerbæk Malle Henne Horne Tistrup Outrup Karlsgårde Nybro Oksbøl Varde Varde Øst Oksby Jegsmark Tobøl Vr Nebel Brøndumdam SæddingGjesing Hedelund Vibevej Nygårdsvej Tjæreborg Estrupvej RindbyLykkegård Lindbjerg Nollund Grindsted Nord Stilbjerg Grindsted Grindsted Øst Billund Mørup Billund Nord Ansager Billund Syd Krogager Hejnsvig Bindeballe Nordenskov Vorbasse Agerbæk Lindknud Årre Endrup Glejbjerg Bække Edelsborg Surhave Bramminge Gørding Holsted Syd Vejen Vest Brørup Bramminge Øst Askov Vejen Føvling Skodborg Skudstrup Gredstedbro Krollerup Lindved Løsning Årup Bjerge Jelling Grejs Hedensted Lysholt Ollerup Nr MarkenBredballe Barrit Sandegraven Skelvangen Ørumgård KNABBERUP Vejle Elværk Sydkajen Vejle Ibæk Strandvej Havn Jerlev Ulvehaven Vinding Sdr Marken Gauerslund Rugstedlund Gårslev Egtved Præstemarken RYTTERGÅRDEN Egeskovvej Alminde Sdr FAF Bredstrupvej VilstrupStovstrup Treldevej LANDERUPGÅRD Børup Søbjerg Oldenborggade Sandal Erritsø Lilballe Taulov BRAMDRUP Snoghøj Gejsing Højrup SVS Harte Brogård Svineryggen ANDST Ålegård Nagbøl Vonsild Sdr Bjert Vamdrup Kongeå Åstorp Glud Juelsminde Rømø Ribe Nord Ribe Centrum Hviding Brøns Åved Skærbæk Øst Brøstrup Christiansfeld Rødding Syd Sønder Hygum Jels Revsø Fjelstrup Sommersted Gram Thomashus Nustrup Jegerup Vojens Øst Magstrup Spandet Haderslev Vest Vojens Nord Hammelev Åstrupbro Øsby Haderslev Øst Vojens Vest Vandling Langkær Hejsager Frifelt Tislund Bevtoft Over Jerstal Toftlund Hoptrup Hyrup Ribe Hjortvad Rødding Nord Skærbæk Syd Nr Løgum Agerskov Tyrstrup Ballum Rejsby Hede Visby Bredebro Løgumkloster Hellevad Mårbæk Kassø Abild Bredevad Lendemark Højer Rosinfelt Tved Tønder Nord Lund Tønder Vest Jejsing Tønder Øst Rens Løjt RødekroBrunde Vest Rise-Hjarup Åbenrå Nord Rødekro Øst Vennelyst Søst Åbenrå Vest Åbenråværket Åbenrå Syd Hjordkær Enstedværket Hardeshøj VarnæsBlåkrog Ballebro Lundsbjerg Stevning Bolderslev Guderup Felsted Blans Avnbøl Asserballe Tinglev Nord Kliplev Kværs QSØ Augustenborg Bro Vester Sottrup Tinglev Syd Mjang Alnor Egernsund Ragebøl Broager Nord Bajstrup Gråsten Øster Gejl Kastanie Allé Rojumvej Broager Syd 60 kv Nordborg Havnbjerg Danfoss Mjels Lunden Sønderborg Tandslet Sarup Bov Kruså Frøslev Padborg Uw-Nord Stadtwerke Kort & matrikelstyrelsen (G ) Copyright

29 The Danish Cell-regulator Total Sub grid under a 150 kv station 150/60 kv Transformer MVA Installed CHP units - total of 37 MW Installed Wind Power turbines - total of 39 MW Total load in area - 61 MW Cell-regulator Computer system with on-line high speed connection to all generators and load areas SLC, Secondary Load Controller (Dump Load) SC, Synchronous Condenser (Voltage Control - kvar) Design, building, test and full scale real-time running

30 150 kv Input Cell Controller Output 60 kv 60 kv 60 kv 60 kv 10 kv 10 kv 10 kv 60 kv 60 kv 60 kv 10 kv 10 kv 60 kv 10 kv

31 Virtual Generators Agent Level 4 (Dist. company B) Agent Level 5 (Energinet.dk) Agent Level 4 (Dist. company A) Cell Controller Architecture Layered control hierarchy using distributed agent technology and high speed fiber network Each agent consists either of an industry CPU, a high-end RTU or an intelligent meter Agent Level 3 (150/60 kv station) Agent Agent Agent Level 2 (60/10 kv stations) Agent Agent Agent Agent Level 1 (Assets) Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Level 0 (Units) ~ ~ ~

32 Pilot Cell Test Area 1 Overview VOB AGB Cell Controller STI BIS Hejnsvig Billund BID HEJ KT21 KT22 KT21 KLN GLB FUG CHP TRØ GRØ KVV MØL CEN SØK HEJ GEN1 HEJ GEN2 HEJ SC HEJ SLC HEJ WT1 HEJ WT2 HEJ WT3 HEJ WT4 BID GEN1 BID GEN2 BID GEN3 60 kv 10 kv 0,4 kv