www.vandibyer.dk IP01: Permeable befæstelser Senior consultant /PhD-fellow Jan Støvring jls@ign.ku.dk Landscape architecture and Planning Project partners: IBF, NCC, BYGGROS, Stenrand Grusgrav, MJK Elektronik, Rambøll, Midtgaard Granit og Betonvarer, NORRECCO, Nyrup Plast, HOFOR, Københavns Kommune, Others; Teknologisk Institut Test Centre at Svanemøllehallen supported by HOFOR and project partners Dias 1
Research questions Is permeable pavements efficient in terms of capturing storm water runoff volume and peak flow in a Danish context? What is the capacity of capturing storm water runoff volume To what extend can peak flow be reduced? What is the carrying capacity? What is the lifespan and means of maintenance to prolong the effectiveness of the pavement? To what extend is the reservoir in the base course fully used? Dias 2
Tests at Svanemøllehallen Stall 3 Stall 2 D ias 3 Stall 1 4.05.2013
Dias 4 04.03.2013
Dias 5 06.03.2013
Dias 6 15.03.2013
Dias 7 Tests at Svanemøllehallen
Tests at Svanemøllehallen Monitoring well Each stall 5 x 5 meter all runoff is directed in to the monitoring well Dias 8
Experimental stalls 6 5 4 3 2 1 2-8 crushed aggregates 2-5 crushed aggregates crushed aggregates 32-45 + 5-8 Crushed recycled concrete 4-32 Drænstabil Dias 9
Accumulated storm water infiltrated in each stall November 2013 Dias 10
Flow by storm event May 18 th 2014 Delayed response (peakflow) Different toplayer, same base couse Dias 11
Flow by storm event May 18 th 2014 Same toplayer different base couse Dias 12
Tilbageholdelse og forsinkelse i perioden 1. marts - 1. august 2014 Tilbageholdelse og forsinkelse i perioden 1. marts - 1. august 2014 Testf elt 1 2 3 4 5 6 Toplayer ØkoSuper-lock (låsesten, IBF) HydroFlo (G ennemsiveli g sten, Midtgaard) Permeabelt as phalt (NCC) PermaStone (epoxybundet skærver, Byggros) PermaStone (epoxybundet skærver, Byggros) ØkoSuperlock (låsesten, IBF) Base couse Drænstabil (2-32 s kærver,ncc) Drænstabil (2-32 s kærver,ncc) Drænstabil (2-32 s kærver,ncc) Knust genbrugsbeton (NORRECCO) 32-45 tilsat 2-8 skærver (Stenrand) 32-45 tilsat 2-8 skærver (Stenrand) Reduction /event 29% 42% 38% 55% 36% 30% Delay peakflow (hh:mm:ss) 03:31:20 02:50:20 02:21:40 04:51:13 01:37:00 01:49:20 Detention period Marts- August 10% 15% 20% 10% 10% 5% Dias 13
Dias 14 Water storrage in the base cource
Dias 15 Water added to base course Stall 1 25 % Stall 2 29 % Stall 3 22 % Stall 4 19 % Stall 5 36 % Stall 6 37 %
Beckers apparatus Surface infiltration tests SRIT-method Different methods have been used CONSRITmethod ASTMmethod Dias 16
Surface infiltration tests Belægningens infiltrationsevne (mm/timen) After 4 after 12 after 18 mdr. mdr mdr testfelt 1 2500 1250 587 testfelt 2 750 200 45 testfelt 3 2500 1000 29 testfelt 4 20300 18000 16906 testfelt 5 23900 20000 18637 testfelt 6 4000 950 309 Same toplayer but different base course Cloudburst >15mm/30 min Dias 17 Same toplayer but different base course
Dias 18
6 4 2 0-2 -4-6 Rutting Section profile measurement on pavement surface modullinje B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Modul line measurementevery10 cm Dias 19 testfelt 1 testfelt 2 testfelt 3 testfelt 4 testfelt 5 testfelt 6 difference august'13-maj'14 (mm)
Environmental concern Sample from runoff in well Dias 20
Other observations October 14: 90% of joints in stall 6 have weed only 10% in stall 1 has (Same surface). More refilling/maintenance in stall 6 than 1 January 14: When thaw less water on surface by PP Dias 21
Infiltration tests on permeable paving's elsewhere SF-Rima, Lendemosevej 2013 Pavers, Bellinge, 2014 Permeable Asphalt, Billund, 2012 SF Rima, Helenevej, 2014 PICP, VandCenter Syd, 2012 PICP, DANVA, 2011 Granite slaps, Stiholmvej, Birkerød, 2012 Dias 22
900 Infiltration tests 800 700 600 intensitet (µm/s) 500 400 300 200 100 0 Lendemosevej, Lions Park Søllerød Helenevej, Frederiksberg VandCentre Syd, Odense Stilholmsvej, Birkerød lokalitet DANVA, Skanderborg Bellinge, Odense Cargovej, Billund Dias 23
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 intensitet (µm/s) Infiltration rate after simulated cleaning Time (tt:mm:ss) Infiltration rate (mm/t) Infiltration rate (µm/s) Lendemosevej, Lions Park Søllerød 00:02:11 1788 497 Helenevej, Frederiksberg 00:21:47 685 190 VandCentre Syd, Odense 00:12:10 662 184 Stilholmsvej, Birkerød 00:02:36 1332 370 DA NVA, Skanderborg 00:55:10 122 34 Bellinge, Odense 00:01:13 2683 745 Cargovej, Billund 01:02:00 12 3 10-årshændelse 100-årshændelse før oprens efter oprens 600 400 200 0 Lendemosevej, Lions Park Søllerød Dias 24 Helenevej, Frederiksberg VandCentre Syd, Odense Stilholmsvej, Birkerød DANVA, Skanderborg lokalitet
Time before cleaning (tt:mm:ss) Infiltrationsev nen, before cleaning (mm/t) Tid, after cleaning (tt:mm:ss) Infiltrations rate after (mm/t) Improvement (%) Lendemosevej, Lions Park Søllerød 00:01:50 3094,8 00:00:48 6906,5 216% Helenevej, Frederiksberg 00:25:09 543,7 00:01:26 3415,7 2262% VandCentre Syd, Odense 00:11:30 547,7 00:01:38 1820,8 728% Stilholmsvej, Birkerød 00:02:07 1554,8 00:01:06 3205,6 203% DANVA, Skanderborg 01:05:15 22,2 00:01:37 3006,8 23453% Dias 25
Resultat fra infiltrationstest sammenlignet med dimensioneringsgivende regnhændelser Lendemosevej, Lions Park Søllerød Helenevej, Frederiksberg Infiltrationsevne (µm/s) 1.000 100 10 Stilholmsvej, Birkerød VandCentre Syd, Odense DANVA, Skanderborg Cargovej, Billund Bellinge, Odense 100-årshændelse 10-årshændelse 5-årshændelse 1 1 10 100 time (min) Dias 26
Dias 27
Helenevej, cloudburst 31.august-1. sep. 2014 between kl. 21:34 og 03:38 falder der 70 mm nedbør (SVK Landbohøjskolen) Dias 28