Rapport fra udvalg om internationalisering.

Rapport fra udvalg om internationalisering. Hedinn Bjørnsson Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje Thomas Heimburg Niels Vestergård Jensen Stig Steenstrup 27. marts 2006 Indledning For tiden er der ca. 35 udenlandske studerende ved NBI. Dette vil betyde en STÅ produktion på ca 15 STÅ svarende til ca DKK 700.000. En significant forøgelse af dette tal vil medføre øgede administrationsudgifter, der naturligvis skal sættes i relation til den forventede ekstraindtægt. Overordnet finder udvalget, at udenlandske studerende bør indgå i den almindelige studiestruktur og følge det eksisterende udbud af kurser. Den væsentligste hindring herfor er sproget (dansk/engelsk) på de indledende kurser. Der er i udvalget enighed om, at man bør søge at tiltrække udenlandske studerende på alle niveauer: 1. Gæste- /udvekslingsstuderende 2. Bacheloruddannelse på engelsk 3. Masteruddannelse 4. Ph. D. program Der knytter sig særlige problemstillinger til hver af disse grupper Der også fælles problemstillinger knyttet til annoncering/rekruttering/information, merit og adgangsniveauevaluering, administration og hjælp til studerende (bopæl mm) 1

Gæste- og udvekslingstuderende Der er i alle tilfælde to programmer der bidrager til at tiltrække studenter: a) ERASMUS og b) Samarbejdsaftaler mellem KU og universiteter især uden for EU. For begge gælder at de studerende kommer for en periode (typisk 6 eller 10 måneder) og tager kurser eller udfører specialearbejde 1. For disse opkræves ikke afgift, men de tæller med i den almindelige STÅ-indtægt. Princippet er no degree no fee Aftaler indenfor ERASMUS indgås lokalt af NBI s ERASMUS koordinator. Der har været et jævnt stigende antal studerende siden 1993 (se figur 1). Studerende på dette program kommer fortrinsvis på 3 eller 4 år, således at der ikke er de store sprogproblemer. Ordningen administreres i det væsentlige af KU s Internationale Kontor, der sørger for indskrivning og bolig. Ordningen er fleksible, fx kan der indgås en aftale når som helst, blot der er aktivitet. Hvis således en student fra universitet X ønsker at læse ved NBI er det blot at indgå en bilateral aftale mellem KU og X (hvis der ikke findes en i forvejen). Desuden er vi ved det Naturvidenskabelige Fakultet fleksible med hensyn til at låne hos hinanden. Samarbejdsaftaler indgås mellem KU og et andet universitet. Der eksisterer et antal især med universiteter i USA, Canada og Australien og nogle få med Japan, Kina og Singapore. Studerende fra især USA ønsker ofte at komme på bachelordelen. Det kunne overvejes at udbyde flere kurser på engelsk og i det hele taget sammen med det Internationel Kontor undersøge muligheder for at gøre NBI mere attraktiv for denne type studerende (Der er et ønske herom fra bl.a. University of California). Der er et stigende antal udvekslingsstuderende, der ønsker en dobbeltgrad eller en fællesgrad (joint degree så vidt udvalget er orienteret, er der ikke i nuværende lovgivning hjemmel til at udstede joint degree, mens en dobbeltgrad er mulig). Regler for hvilke krav, der skal stilles for sådanne skal fastsættes. Der er et antal studenter, der kunne benyttes til at etablere præcedens. Umiddelbare foranstaltninger: det skal gøres tydeligere på vores hjemmeside, at vi er attraktive for internationale studenter. Der bør være en liste over kandidatkurser, som vi er sikre på (så sikker som man nu kan være) afholdes de næste par år. Ligeledes skal der være en liste over de bachelorkurser der afholdes på engelsk. I denne sammenhæng er SIS ikke tilstrækkelig, idet kursusudbuddet først foreligger længe efter at udenlanske studerende 1 Lærere, der vejleder i sådanne tilfælde bør få den studerende til at udarbejde en delrapport og registrere det som selvstudium under vejledning eller lignende, således at der optjenes STÅ 2

Figur 1: Antal gæstestuderende ved NBI siden 1992 beslutter sig 2. Bacheloruddannelse på engelsk En hel bacheloruddannelse på engelsk vil formentlig være politisk opportun og også interessant, men vi ser en række problemer og åbne spørgsmål, der skal findes svar på inden en sådan iværksættes. Det vil kræve en del resurser at etablere en sådan uddannelse. Det er ikke indlysende, hvilke uddannelser der kan give adgang. Det vil være vanskeligt at skaffe bolig. Vi finder, at det er en mulighed, der skal arbejdes videre med, men at det næppe kan blive før 2007 eller 2008. Erfaringer fra RUC og DTU bør undersøges. Masteruddannelse på engelsk Vi finder at det vil være muligt at starte en Master uddannelse med start fra februar 2007. Uddannelsen skal i det væsentlige være identisk med vores 2 Hvis man klikker på det engelske flag på startsiden vil man for nuværende kun kunne se kurser for foråret 2006 3

gældende kandidatuddannelse, men for at være synlig (for ministeriet) skal den have selvstændig studieordning. Af problemer kan nævnes bolig; adgangskriterier; sprog (et rundspørge blandt et antal universiteter kunne tyde på at nogle især asiatiske studerende selv med en høj TOEFL score ikke har tilstrækkelige engelsk kundskaber); kan vi overhovedet tiltrække studerende med en afgift på ca DKK 80.000 per år? (samme rundspørge viser at selv uden afgift er der meget få studerende, der tiltrækkes af sådanne programmer.) Hvis det besluttes at etablere en sådan, skal der udarbejdes en studieordning (af juridiske årsager formentlig) på dansk med en engelsk (forenklet) oversættelse der er forståelig og let læst. Der skal udarbejdes en web-side og en papirbrochure. Der vil være behov for en akademisk komite til at vurdere optagelse og vejlede udenlandske studerende I en opstartfase vil den eksisterende administration formentlig kunne varetage de tilknyttede administrative opgaver. Hvis det bliver en success må der sikkert tilknyttes en sekretær/studentermedhjælp. Det skal nævnes at studerende der optages på en sådan uddannelse fra universitetets side vil blive betragtet som ordinære studerende, således at der fra den centrale administration Det Internationale Kontor ikke vil blive ydet støtte. Der kommer allerede en del henvendelser om at blive optaget på vores kandidatuddannelse. Hvorvidt disse henvendelser besvares er i nogen grad uvist. Man kunne allerede nu udarbejde et standardsvar og enten sende dette ud til alle med besked om at svare på sådanne henvendelser eller sende besked ud til alle om at forwarde sådanne henvendelser til en bestemt person, der så svarer. På den måde kunne vi få en indikation af om der er nogle, der er villige til at betale afgiften allerede i løbet af foråret. Dette bør gøres straks, da fristen for ansøgning til optagelse per 1. september er 15. marts. Ph. D. program Interessant, men giver ikke STÅ er og er derfor ikke behandlet yderligere. Annoncering Der oprettes en engelsksproget webside, der optræder klart på institutets hovedside. Siderne bør være attraktive og være profesionnelt sat op. Der spilles på Niels Bohr Institutes tidligere og nuværende renommé. Som nævnt under Gæstsestudenter er det et tiltag, der under alle omstændigheder skal iværksættes. 4

I bilag 1 er der lidt mere detaljeret forslag til hjemmesidens indhold og i bilag 2 er der et forslag til faste kurser. 5

Bilag 1. En hjemmeside om muligheden for at komme til NBI fra udlandet bør bl.a. indeholde 1. Derfor er NBI attraktiv stærke traditioner og moderne forskning stort kursusudbud (på engelsk) Promovering af DK/Kbh generelt(?) f.eks. link til http://www.studyindenmark.dk/default.asp?id=2916 2. Info for evt. fremtidige studerende. Kursusudbud 3. Kontakt Dybe links til SIS-kurser. Int. kontor har allerede http://www.ku.dk/international/english/ Studies/coursees offered in English.htm - (engelske beskrivelser mangelfulde) Liste over (næsten) garanterede kurser (meget gerne flere år ud i fremtiden, med engelsk beskrivelse) Mulighed for kurser ved kemi/matematik/datalogi etc. samt DTU http://www.dtu.dk/english/education/course catalogue.aspx Mulighed for studiegrupper, selvstudium, eksperimentelle projekter mv. Kalender med bloklængder/tidspunkter flere år frem Internationale uddannelser (Afhængig af oprettelse af engelsk Master/B.Sc.- program) Kontaktinfo på NBI s int. koordinator (dvs. Stig Steenstrup) Links til: Det internationale kontor http://www.ku.dk/international/ english/index.htm ESN-Copenhagen http://www.esn-copenhagen.dk/ NAMF http://groups.msn.com/namf/ Studievejledningen for fysik/kemi/nano http://www.nat.ku.dk/index.asp?mlevel=2&menu=menu studerende&page= sider/studerende/studievejledning/pages/kemfys.htm 4. Info for allerede ankomne studerende 6

Om kursustilmelding og (for sen) tilmelding Evt. kort intro til danske eksamensformer 5. Diverse Info for NBI-ansatte der planlægger besøg af gæstestuderende FAQ (svar på de mest almindelige spørgsmål) Der bør helst være en sidst-opdateret-dato på alle undersider. 7

Bilag 2 Block 1 Quantum Mechanics 3 Quantum mechanics, in contrast to relativity theory, lacks a basic principle from which the theory develops in a compelling manner. It is argued that the principle is provided by a complete break with causality, by which the basic event, a click in a counter, is recognized as entirely uncaused. The principle goes against deeply held beliefs, in fact, quantum mechanics is not build in this manner, employing a particle as a cause for the click. It might seem that the principle cannot lead to a rational theory. Surprisingly, however, it turns out to be very powerful in its implications. Depending on time, concepts and tools are further developed and selected topics of quantal physics, such as mean fields in fermiliquids (normal and pair correlated electron- and nuclear stuff, gauge angle in superconductor) are adressed. Generel relativity and Cosmology This course gives an introduction to Einstein s general relativity, including a number of exact solutions. Black holes are discussed. The second part of the course gives an introduction to cosmology. String-theory The first part is about fundamental string theory, while the second part focuses on new developments and appications. Topics include: the classic string, open and closed strings, quantization, interactions, vertex operators complex coordinates conform field theory, Polyakov path-integral, modular invarians, duality, world-sheet fermioner, GSO projections, superstrings, D-braner, supergravity action, M-teory, string thermodynamics and balck holes. Topics Medical Physics. The physics of interactionprocesses between ionizing radiation (charged particles, neutrons and X- and gamma-rays) is introduced in the first part. In the second part biologi-cal effects are considered. An understanding of the physical background for ionizing radiation and its interaction with matter, especially biological material is obtained. Knowledge of the concept of dose is obtained so that the dose can be estimated in concrete situation. Knowledge is also obtained about the use of ionizing radiation and isotopes in medicine both for diagnostic purposes and for treatment. Biophysics of membranes Biological organisms are open thermodynamic systems with metabolism (food and breathing). Most processes 8

are not in equilibrium. Thermodynamic forces and fluxes drive reaction under consumption of energy and dissipation of entropy. Such processes are irreversible. The understanding of non-equilibrium processes is important to analyze molecular reactions, protein function and metabolism in biology. This course introduces into the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and into the application of these concepts to elementary biological reactions (e.g. channel activities). Under certain conditions stable fluxes (stationary states) develop, or dissipative stuctures can form. Criteria for defining such states are formulated. Ultimately one arrives at the formation of chemical oszillations and biological clocks. In reproducing organisms, such oszillations can lead to reproductive cycles (hypercycles) that compete with other organisms. Fitness is a consequence of reproductive speed, error and death rate. Important key topics of this course are information, self reproduction, self organisation and evolution Block 2 Elementary Particle Physics The standard model of particle physics. Quantum electrodynamics and its unification with electroweak interactions and quantum chromodynamics; the teory of strong interactions. Quantum field thory is introduced with emphasis on applications: Feynmann diagrams, cross-sections etc. Experimentel x-ray physics X-rays is a remarkable tool in science: 20 Nobel prizes are based on the use of X-rays. With the recent development of synchrotron radiation sources (for Danish users primarily in Hamburg, Grenoble, Lund) the brilliance of X-ray sources has been increased by more than a billion times over the conventional X-ray tube! The purpose of this course is to prepare students, i.e. the scientists of the near future, to utilize this tool in physics, chemistry, biophysics, materials science, biology. Lectures are given on the basics of X-ray physics, exercises in the lab will provide hands-on experience, and the course concludes with a 1 week stay at the synchrotron facility HASYLAB in Hamburg, where students will carry out a number of basic experiments with X-ray synchrotron radiation. (also in Block 4 Experimental metods in Particle Physics An introduction to different instruments, techniques and mathematical methods used in experiments in particle physics. 9

Particle Cosmology An introduction til particle Cosmologi. The first part is about Big Bang cosmology, while the second part focuses on the newest advances and applications. Topics are among others : Startconditions for the universe, inflatonay cosmologi, quantum de Sitter space, densityfluctuations, reheating of the universe, creation of baryon asymmetry, creation of dark matter stof, Big Bang nukleosynthesis, introduction til cosmic mikrowave backgrounds radiation and dark energy. Quantum Optics This course will give an introduction to quantum optics and to some applications of quantum optics. Quantization of the electromagnetic field and its physical consequences, Lamb shift, Casimir effect, Wigner- Wiesskopf theory for spontaneous emission, phase and coherence properties of light sources, optical Bloch equations and their solutions, full quantized atom field interaction, dressed states, resonance fluorescence, entangled states, laser cooling of atoms and ions, electromagnetic induced transparency, slow light propagation, applications of quantum optics to Bose Einstein Condensation experiments. Cell Mechanics. Nano- and micro-mechanics in living organisms and biopolymer physics. The course provides a physical understanding of the organization and movement of living organisms on the single molecule to cellular level. The cellular architecture will be described. In particular, the role of the thermal fluctuations in life processes will be emphasized. The course will create a theoretical framework for describing the cellular mechanics building upon statistical mechanics and elastic theory and put this in relation to the biological tasks of the living cell. Single Molecule Biophysics. Single molecule biophysics is one of the most rapidly expanding scientific disciplines due to the recent development of technically advanced equipment capable of monitoring the biological world on a single molecule level. This course will take the student to the front line of this research, going through typical single molecule techniques and some of the results achieved. Among the covered techniques are optical tweezers, single molecule fluorescence, magnetic tweezers, bio-probes etc. Among the studied systems are molecular motors, viruses, physical properties of DNA, RNA, protein folding, all of which are belonging to the nano-scopic world. The course is based on recent scientific papers. Block 3 10

Many Particle Physics II The course is an introduction to the more advanced field theoretical methods used in condensed matter physics. The course consists of: (1) Electron phonon interaction and BCS theory of superconductivity (2) Conductivity of metals, weak localization correction, (3) electrical transport of mesoscopic and low dimensional systems (4) Functional integral methods (6) antiferromagnetism and high-tc superconductivity. Quantum Field Theory I An introduction til quantum field theory. Feynman s path-integrals are introduced and used to quantize boson- og fermion fields. The Feynman-rules for perturbation calculations are derived. Renormalization and the renormalization group are introduced. The special problems connected with quantiation of abelian and non-abelian gauge-teories are mentioned and it is shown that the non-abelian gauge-teories are asymptotic free, and that asymptotic freedom is connected to quark-confinement. Strong Interaction in Theory and Experiments Ideas and techniques to understand the structure of hadrons, nuclei, hot and dense nuclear matter, as it appears in high energy collisions between heavy nuclei and in neutronstars. Biophysics of proteins and nucleic acids The physical poperties and structure of proteins as basic building blocks. Protein folding and melting. Simple models for proteind folding; The thermodynamics of proteins. Protein complexes and protein-dna binding. Theoretical Neuroscience. Tentative outline: 1. Basic concepts: neurons, networks, and neural coding 2. Biophysical single-neuron models: Hodgkin-Huxley equations, multicompartment models, dynamical analysis. 3. Simplified models: integrate-and-fire and spike-response models. 4. Coding, signal transmission, and information theoretic analysis. 5. Network dynamics: collective computation, pattern formation, associative memory. 6. Learning and plasticity Block 4 11

Neutron Scattering Scattering from atoms, krystals and nanostructures. Magnetic scattering; Elastic and inelestic scattering; Scattring on phonons, spinwaves, diffusion, surfacelayers, big molecules and soft matter. Polarised neutrons. Instrumentation; Hands-on experiments with examples from lattice vibrations, Biophysics/soft matter and magnetic nanoparticles. Quantum Field Theory II The first part of this course will cover quantization of non-abelian gauge theories, Fadeev-Popov ghosts, BRST invariance, asymptotic freedom and chiral anomalies. The second part will contain an introduction to supersymmetric field theories, superspace and superfields, instantons and monopoles, electro-magnetic duality and other related topics. Quantum Information Special attention will be on quantum optical systems (atoms and photons) but other system will be covered as well. Topics to be covered will include quantum computation, entanglement, quantum cryptography, teleportation, quantum memory, spin squeezing and quantum measurements, and the implementations in ion traps, photons, atomic ensembles, NMR, and solid state systems will be discussed. Quantum Information aims at exploiting quantum mechanics to perform certain tasks (computation, measurements, communication, etc.) more efficiently than it is allowed by classical physics. The course will give an introduction to quantum information as well as to some of the physical systems where implementation of quantum information processing is being attempted. Networks in biological systems. Polymers in biology, DNA, DNA computing, RNA, models of proteins, molecular motors, models of genetic regulation and molecular network. Models and concepts from Evolution. Biophysics of Nerves. This course introduces into the foundations of the biophysics of nerve pulses and synaptic transmission. This includes the treatment of the basic physical features of nerves, electrical conductance through cell membranes, cable theory, ion channels and in particlular the Hodgkin-Huxley model, which forms the basis of the accepted models for the action potential. Synaptic transmission will include electrical postsynaptic phenomena, long term potentiation and 12

Hepp-synapses. We contrast this classical theory of nerves by a fundamental thermodynamical treatment of nerves leading to the possibility of solitons in membranes, thus forming an alternative basis for the origin of the nervous pulse. 13