- / / / / * ** *** / / : / / :.. -. ( ) (SURE).....O13,E22, I32, E01, R13 :JEL ( ) :. andishe

Transkript

1 - / / / / * ** *** // : // :.. -. ( ) (SURE).....O13,E22, I32, E01, R13 :JEL ( ) :. kohsark@yahoo.com syazdani@ut.ac.ir andisheh1373@yahoo.com ** *** *

2 :

3 / ( ). (PEGR). (Eg) (P). : (Id) dp dp P=f(Eg, Id) < o, > o deg did 1. Ahlouwalia and et al, Poverty Equivalent Growth Rate 3. kakwani and et al, 2003.()..

4 .... (L) : : (K) deg deg Eg=F(K,L) > o, > o dk dl )...()..

5 / ( : Man made wealth 2.Consumers Capital 3.Producers Capital 4.Consumers Goods 6.Capital Formation.()..

6 ... () (. ( ( ). (SDI). :. (FDI) 1.Exerting Effort 2.Investment 4.Size Distribution of Income 5.Function Distribution of Income.()..

7 / : (.. : (H) H = I i 2 ( ) = ( Si i= 1 I i= 1 ) 2 ( ) :I i () : I i : (...- : Booth 3.Rowntree 4.Subsistence.()..

8 ( ).. :. ( ) ( ) Townsand 1.A.Sen 2.Poverty Line 3.Ravallian.().

9 /. " ". ( ) ( ). : (. : 1 = + ( ) 2 : (- = ( ) : (- 3. Absolute Poverty Line.()...()..

10 ... : (- = ( ) ( : ( (sen) :. : ( HC) (- 1. Relative Poverty Line 3.Rate of Head Count.().

11 / : M HC = 100 N : :HC () :M.() :N (PSI) (-.. :. : PSI C ( ) PL PSI = 1 e : :C. :PL. PSI :. P = ( 1 PSI ) 100 :.() :P ( 1.Poverty Sustainable Index

12 ( ). ().. () Fan () Fan. : : (SURE).()..

13 / Economicgrowth( Eg) = β labour( L) + β capital( K) β literacy( Le) + β D + β D Poverty( P) = α + α incomedistribution( Id) 1 + α Economicgrowth( Eg) + α literacy( Le) 3 2 : : Eg ( ) : K : L ( ) : Le ( ) : P : Id ( ) : D 1.( ) : D 2. ( ).. SURE. -. E-Views () ()..-

14 ... : (.( )

15 / LLe / /.- LK LL / / / / LL LK LLe. : ( ) 2 2 R (/) R. - h DW : (.( ). : (. I() I() I() I() I() I() I() I() I().- D 1 D 2 LL LK LLe LEg LId LAp LRp. :

16 ... : (.( )..- CRDW E-G CRDW ADF DW LEg LL LK = α1 + α2 ( 1) + α3lle+ α4d1 + α5d2 LRp = β + β LId 1 + β LEg γ LEg ( 4) LAp = γ + γ LId ( 4) ( 1) + β LLe ( 1) 4 + γ LLe 4 / / / % % % / / / % % %. : (SUR) : (. / /. (/) Seddighi & et al.(2000).

17 /..() -.- ( ) ( ) (). :.- : (.( ) : (..( ).-.

18 ..... /.().-.. /....( ).- (-)... /...( )

19 /.- ).. (. % ).- ( * / / / / / (-) / / / / / (-) / / / / / (-) / / / / / (-) / / / / (-). : ( ) * ( )

20 ... ( ) t / / / / / / -/ -/ / / / / / / -/ / / / / / / -/ -/ / / LK (-1) LL LLe D 1 D 2 C LEg (-4) LId (-1) LLe AR(1) 2 R DW 2 R DW h Economic growth (LEg) Relative poverty (LAp). :

21 /.- t / / / / / / / / / / -/ / / / / / / / / -/ LK (-) LL LLe D D C LEg ( -) LId ( ) LLe R DW Economic growth (LEg) Relative poverty (LRp) / / R DW. : ( ) ( )

22 : : - " ( )" " "... : -. - :

23 /..().().....()...( ).... E-views.()...()...()...().. -.()...().. (-) :.()....()...()....().....( )....()..

24 ... Ahluwalia,M.S.,Carter,N,and Chenery,H.( 1979 ) Growth and Poverty in Developing Countries. J. of Development Economics, N:6, september. Fan,S.,Jitsuchon, S. and Methakunnavut, N.(2003). Impact of public investment on poverty reduction in Thailand, Fan, S. (2003). Public investment and poverty reduction, Paper presented for the ADBI Conference, Tokyo. Kakwani,N.,Khandker,S., and Son, H. (2003) Poverty Equivalent Growth Rate: With applications to Korea and Thailand Seddighi, H.R., LaLawler & Katos (2000).Econometrics,a practical approach, Simultaneously Published. USA. Thirtle, C, Lin, L. and Piesse, J.(2003). The impact of research lrd agricultural productivity growth on poverty reduction in Africa, Asia and Latin American,