Bioraffinering hvad er det?

Transkript

1 Bioraffinering hvad er det? Chemicals from Biomass for future materials and energy Anne-Belinda Bjerre, senior scientist, ph.d.

2 State of the art In 2050, world population will be about 9-11 billion people with same requireries for - food - energy -and materials Today, almost all energy and materials depend on depleting oil and natural gas ressources

3 State of the art 10% of the oil we extract is used to make organic chemicals and related materials. A remarkable additional 10% is used for energy to drive the chemical reactions. Clark & Deswarte 2008

4 Sustainability - one definition Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Brundtland commission, 1987

5 A step forward to fulfill this goal is.. to replace fossil fuel with renewable fuels and energy to replace fossil chemicals with biomass based chemicals and materials The biorefinery

6 History of bio-ethanol (fuel ethanol) production in USA, the driver in biorefinery development Ethanol Production in US All 1G ethanol Millon of Gallons per Year

7 Why plant biomass? Plants are stored solar energy and (almost) CO 2 neutral Plant production: CO 2 (or HCO 3 ) + H 2 O + sunlight (chlorophyll) (CH 2 O)n + O 2 Combustion of plants (or plant products): (CH 2 O)n + O 2 Energy + H 2 O + CO 2 Without fossil oil and gas, plants are the ONLY organic substances for future energy carriers, materials and chemicals

8 Recycle (or renewable) times for biomass feedstocks Feedstocks Algae Agricultural crops Grasses Shrubs Trees Oil, Gas and Coal Recycle time 1 month 3 month 1 year 1 year 1-5 years 5-80 years 200 million years From : The enginnering of chemical reactions. 2 nd ed. Pp532 Oxford, 2005

9 Replacement of fossil fuel with biomass Clark & Deswarte 2008

10 Chemical compositions: biomass and petroleum jeej5 Main differences: Petroleum components: Biomass components: Low density High reactivity with O2 (higher burning value) High density (small volume) Low(er) reactivity with O2 reduction in volume is needed The most expensive techologies in a biorefinery are pretreatment and fractionation ( 60% of production cost)

11 Dias nummer 10 jeej5 hvordan er sammensætningen af de tre type af biomasse...? Kan man sige noget on dette og hvad med de andre komponeneter end sukker og lignin? Jens Ejbye Schmidt;

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14 Biorefinery Definition: Integrated and combined processes for the conversion of biomass into a variety of food, feed, chemicals, biomaterials, and energy at the same time maximising the value of the biomass and minimising the waste

15 Different types of biorefineries Phase I biorefinery : Single feedstock, single process and single major product Phase II biorefinery : Single feedstock, multiple processes and multiple products Phase III biorefinery: Multiple feedstocks, multiple processes and multiple major products Classification of biorefineries: Sugar (C6/C5) based, starch based, (ligno)cellulose based Oil based Lignin based Etc.

16 Phase I biorefinery the biodiesel process oil Clark & Deswarte 2008

17 Sofiproteol (France) state of the art: commercial stakeholders: private equity fonds, raw mat suppliers, application developers Oil crops (Rape +sunflower seeds) Pressing Oil Chem. reactions Estherification Chemicals + polymers Glycerine Biodiesel Animal feed Main product

18 Phase I biorefinery: 1 st generation starch bioethanol Fuel ethanol (main product) Corn Kernels Starch Conversion Sugar Yeast Fermentation Distillation DDGS (fodder)

19 Crop energies AG (Germany) State of the art: Commercial Owner: Südzucker Bioethanol GmbH Sugar crops (Sugar beet) Starch crops (wheat, barley etc.) Mechanical fractionation Enzymatic hydrolysis C6 sugars Fermentation Bioethanol Animal feed Main product Classification: C6 sugars refinery (Phase I BioRef)

20 Lignocellulose biorefinery: Phase II Clark & Deswarte 2008

21 Inbicon IBUS (Denmark) State of the art: Pilot Owner: Inbicon A/S (subsidiary of DONG Energy) Lignocellulosic residues (straw) Pretreatment Hydrolysis Lignin C6 sugars C5 sugars Combustion Fermentation Separation/ destillation Electricity + heat Bioethanol Animal feed Classification: C6/C5 sugars and lignin refinery (Phase I BioRef)

22 Lignocellulosic crops Starch crops (wheat, barley etc.) Aventium Furanics (the Netherlands) State of the art: Concept Owners: Private funds, raw mat suppliers, aplication develoopers Pretreatment Mechanical fractionation Enzymatic hydrolysis Lignin C5 sugars C6 sugars Combustion Chem. conv. to furanics Electricity + heat Synthetic biofuels Chemicals + polymers Classification: C6/C5 sugars and lignin refinery (Phase III BioRef)

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24 Biomasses starch, crops, forrest residues, algae and waste

25 Choice of biomass resources for energy MtOE Wood Waste Crops Year IEA

26 Alger, en ny interessant biomasse ressource Der findes ca arter i de danske farvande - alle med forskellig kemisk sammensætning

27 Hvorfor alger Høj vækstrate Kan optage HCO3 og CO2 Dyrkes i salt-, fersk- og brakvand Ingen konflikt med produktion af fødevarer Kan dyrkes i åbne eller lukkede systemer Kan rense spildevand og recirkulere næringsstoffer Indeholder højværdi-produkter MAKRO-ALGER KAN DYRKES OFF-SHORE

28 Indholdsstoffer Mikroalger: Lipider (%) Chlorella sp. (28 32) Crypthecodinium cohnii (20) Cylindrotheca sp. (16 37) Dunaliella primolecta (23) Isochrysis sp. (25 33) Makroalger: Kulhydrater (%) Ulva sp. 60 Laminaria sp. 60 Chaetomorpha linum 53%

29 Transportbrændstof

30 The MacroAlgaeBiorefinery : MAB3 Titel: Bæredygtig produktion af 3 energibærere (ethanol, butanol og biogas) og fiskefoder fra makroalger Opstart 1.marts 2012 Financieret af Det strategiske Forskningsråd (20,4 mill. DKK total budget på 24 mill.) 12 Partnere fra DK, Irland, Italien og Tyskland Uddannelse af 5 ph.d. studerende og 2 post docs Teknologisk Institut koordinator (v/ Anne-Belinda Bjerre)

31 30 Risø DTU, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet

32 MAB3: Financieret af Det Strategiske Forskningsråd WP1: Cultivationand harvesting WP8: Management WP2: Pretreatment and storage WP3: Liquid biofuels. Ethanol and butanol WP4: Gaseous biofuel and amino acids WP5: Fish feed WP6: Sustainability and feasibility WP7: Dissemination

33 Thank you for your attention

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37 Ethanol produktion fra Makroalgen Chaetomorpha linum

38 Plant cell walls contain sugars and lignin Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin