Fra affald til brændstoffer,

Transkript

1 Fra affald til brændstoffer, nye teknologier til at producere bio-råolie ud fra biomasse og slam. Ib Johannsen*, Patrick Biller, Konstantinos Anastasakis, lars D.M. Ottosen AU-engineering og )* Bio2oil.ivs. (bio2oil.eu)

2 OVERSIGT 1. Lidt generelt om bioraffinering og Bio2Oils mission 2. Hydrothermal omdannelse - hvad er det? 3. Anvendelse af HTL til at omdanne slam 4. Hvorfor er det smart? 5. Næste trin

3 Bio based economy

4 BIOMASS VALUE CHAIN Pharmaceuticals, additives Value Food Materials Feed Volume Fuel

5 BEHOV FOR INNOVATION Biomasse passer ikke godt til eksisterende proces teknologier: Kemiindustri er næsten udelukkende baseret fossile ressourcer. Som er store og centraliserede Biomasse is ikke Der er behov for nye decentrale løsninger og en er ikke nok!?

6 CENTER FOR BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGIES: (KG TO TON/HOUR) Straw/ crops Energy crops Manure Bio Waste biomass Waste Manure Sludge /sludge Separation Anaerob ferment. Fertilizer Biomass feed Pretreatment Biogas Feed, fodder Enzyme + Fermentation HTL CBT Separation Catalytic CO 2 reduction SOEC Chemicals, Fuel Destillation/ upgrading Bio Crude Bio SNG

7 BEHOV FOR INNOVATION Bio2oil s mission: 1. Reducere capex ift traditionelle teknologier (50%) 2. Udvikle omkostningseffektive standardenheder, som nemt kan skaleres 3. Udvikle og markedsføre processer som er økonomisk rentable i sig selv?

8 HYDROTHERMAL OMDANNELSE (HTL) Biomass feedstock is pressure cooked in hot-compressed water No dry feedstock required Mimics natural fossil fuel creation coal, oil, gas HTL can convert any biomass to a high energy density biocrude One of the main advantages of HTL is the high flexibility of feedstocks and products. Pressure (bar) (liquid) Carbonisation Liquefaction Temperature ( C) Water-phase diagram Supercritical Gasification Critical point (vapour)

9 HTL TECHNOLOGY Continuous pilot scale Hydrothermal liquefaction reactor, capacity up to 100 L/h, residence time ~15 min Wet sludge is process at 350 C and 200 bar to produce bio-crude, solid residue, process water and CO 2 Xenobiotics and microplastics are destroyed and converted to oil Biomass including WWT sludge HTL 350 C, 200 bar, 15 min Bio-crude (35 MJ/kg)

10 PILOT REACTOR PERFORMANCE 85% heat recovery

11 HTL I DANMARK/EUROPA? Bio2oil s mission: 1. Reducere capex ift traditionelle teknologier (50%) 2. Udvikle omkostningseffektive standardenheder, som nemt kan skaleres 3. Udvikle og markedsføre processer som er økonomisk rentable i sig selv?

12 BIOMASS ASSISTED SLUDGE FILTRATION How can we get a feedstock that warrant a HTL business in Europe We noticed that our usual HTL feedstocks from lignocellulosics are very fibrous after extrusion The filter cake resistance is extremely low resulting in very fast and low energy intensive concertation of sludge Filtration efficiencies of >90% (TS), >95% (organic) achieved. Sludge DM ~3% filter cake DM ~25% The filter medium adds organic material for the HTL process to produce additional fuel High DM content Cake HTL Waste Biomass Mechanical pretreatment Filtration Wastewater Sludges Low residual solids Filtrate

13 SLUDGE FILTRATION USING BIOMASS Using biomass filter aid Filtration times reduced form around 20 mins to 1 min Cake resistance reduced by several orders of magnitude Without biomass filter aid Batch filtration studies used to calculate scaled up continuous operation on continuous filter systems. 1 filter aid unit required per 4 units of dry sludge i.e. Aarhus WWTP of 220,000 PE requires 3 tons of waste biomass per day for all the sludge filtration on a 8m 2 drum

14 BIO-CRUDE FROM SLUDGE Bio-crude yield Co-liquefaction of biomass filter aid and sewage sludge has synergistic beneficial effects: Higher bio-crude yields than the separate counter parts Higher energy recovery Lower oxygen content use of alkali catalysts for HTL of lignocellulosics is avoided Nitrogen is added to the bio-crude during coliquefaction Initially we are aiming to make low grade fuel and bitumen Bio-crude composition C H N S O HHV (MJ/k g) Energy Recovery (%) With K 2 CO 3 Sludge Miscanthus Pine No catalyst Sludge Miscanthus Pine Sludge Co-liquefaction with biomass filter aid with Miscanthus Pine

15 INTEGRATION IN SPILDEVANDS RENSNING Den nemmeste vej -kan indpasses i eksisterende anlæg - omdannelse af medicinrester og mikroplast til olie - mere effektiv slamfjernelse - mulig reduktion af polymer tilsætning og beluftning - EROI 7

16 ENERGY ANALYSIS Sewage sludge Flow rate (l/h) DM content feedstock Time (h) 1 1 Feedstock consumed (kg, dry) Energy in feedstock (kw, dry) 13.2 (HHV=19.8MJ/kg) 82.5 Bio-crude yield (wt.%) Sludge+ biomass filtration Energy in bio-crude (kw, dry) 4.4 (HHV=26.8 MJ/kg) 62.8 (HHV= 36.1 MJ/kg) n th (%) Trim heater energy requirement (kw) Reactor energy requirement (kw) Main pump energy requirement (kw) Sludge filtration unit (kw) n tot (%) EROI

17 INTEGRATION IN SPILDEVANDS RENSNING Hvad industrien ønsker: løs vores digestat problem - muligt, men mindre effektivt - højt askeindhold

18 INTEGRATION IN SPILDEVANDS RENSNING En mulig langsigtet løsning - Primær filtrering og UASB biogas reaktor - endnu højere energi og C udbytte - kræver mere forskning

19 PHOSPHOR RECOVERY NEW RESARCH At 350 C and 200 bar phosphates and other salts are insoluble in water Phosphate precipitates and is filtered out continuously Phosphorous recovery in concentrated solid residue is >95% We can combine the HTL process water rich in NH 4 with PO 4 in residue to produce struvite Efficiencies recovery of ~90% P from incoming HTL feedstock P is bioavailable

20 KONKLUSIONER Det er behov for innovation Det er muligt at skabe værdi ud af biomasse og samtidig løse miljøproblemer Der er også i Europa en fremtid for HTL på udvalgte områder - men vejen går over nytænkning, også i WWT industrien Der er brug for at universiteterne fortsat forsker i området

21 Thank you for your attention Contact Info Ib Johannsen

22 ECONOMY Basis PE WWTP in Denmark UASB and membrane tech not included. Preliminary results show a profitable business case Payback time of investment around 4 years Products are diesel, bitumen, methane, struvite and water Zero waste

23 2 ND EXAMPLE: REBOOT OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES REBOOT; Resource efficient bio-crude production and wastewater treatment AIM: Provide a complete WWT solution and optimal circular economy Converting wastewater into: Cleaned water Fertiliser Methane Bitumen/diesel Complete destruction of patogens, xenobiotics and micro-plastics

24 REBOOT HTL TECHNOLOGY Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) - High temperature and pressure convert organics in wastewater to bio-crude Xenobiotics, and microplastics are destroyed and converted to oil Process has a high energy efficiency and high carbon efficiency (~70% vs ~15% in SotA)

25 BIOMASS FILTRATION AIDS Using biomass filter aid Filtration using biomass filter aids has been demonstrated on primary sludge and secondary waste activated sludges. Filtration times are reduced from >20 mins to 1 mins during constant pressure filtration. Filtration efficiencies of >90% (TS), >95% (organic) achieved. Filter cake resistance reduced by 3-4 orders of magnitude allowing lower energy intensive filtration e.g. drum filter of 8m 2 could handle ~8-10 m 3 /h of primary sludge Now want to expand to raw wastewater to replace primary treatment Specific cake resistance

26 REBOOT CONCEPT AIM: EROI 1000%