Mini Model United Nations UN Photo by Mark Garten Et spil udarbejdet i et samarbejde mellem FN-Forbundet og DanMUN Society Med økonomisk støtte fra DFS
6172nd meeting in the Security Council Agenda: the situation in Israel and Palestine FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 2
Contents 1. Introduction...4 2. The Scenario the Palestinian refugees...7 Issuet 1: Truce...9 Issue 2: Response to humanitarian crisis...9 Issue 3: Condemnation of Israeli Actions...10 Issue 4: Condemnation of Hamas actions...10 3. How to make a resolution...11 4. Rules of Procedure for the Security Council...13 The general procedures...14 Generelt...15 Regel 1. Rækkevidden (Scope)...15 Regel 2. Sprog...15 Regel 3. Opførsel...15 Procedurer...15 Regel 4. Sammensætning...15 Regel 5. Delegations opråb (Roll Call)...15 Regel 6. Supplerende repræsentation (Auxiliary Representation)...15 Præsidentskabet (Presidency)...16 Regel 7. Præsidenten...16 Debat...16 Regel 8. Talerliste (speakers list)...16 Regel 9. Taler (Speeches)...16 Kommunikation...16 Regel 10. Noter....16 Påpegninger og anmodninger (Points & motions)...16 Regel 11. Påpegning om Personligt privilegium (Point of Personal Privilege)...16 Regel 12. Påpegning om information (Point of Information)...17 Regel 13. Anmodning om suspendering af mødet (Motion for Suspension of the Meeting).17 Regel 14. Anmodning om introduktion af en resolution (Motion for introduction of a Resolution)...17 Regel 15. Anmodning om introduktion af en ændring i resolutionen (Motion for introduction of an amendment)...17 Resolutioner og ændringsforslag...17 Regel 16. Resolutioner...17 Regel 17. Ændringer (Amendments)...17 Regel 18. Rettigheder under afstemninger (Rights of Voting)...17 FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 3
1. Introduction The Conference will give you the opportunity to experience what it is like to participate in a simulation of the United Nations Security Council. During approximately four hours, you will take on the role as a diplomat for one of the countries represented in the Security Council. The idea is to debate, consult and negotiate in order to come up with resolutions that could address critical issues in a conflict. Preparations for the Conference Before the conference you will get a position paper, which will state your country s policies on the topics being discussed. Based on the position paper you must write a 1-minute Opening Speech with you co-delegates from the country you are representing. The opening speech will be stating your country s position. You will be provided with an example from a speech, which has been held in the Security Council in regard to another conflict. The example will give you an opportunity to find inspiration for your own speech. The dress code is an important part of the simulation. Hence, students should attend the session with proper business attire, meaning -if possible- changing jeans and sneakers for suits and jackets (it is only one day and it is fun!). FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 4
The United Nations and the Security Council By the end of World War II, the United Nations (FN) was established 24 October 1945. The main aim of the United Nations was and still is to provide a platform for international dialogue and to stop war between countries. There are 192 member states of the UN. The United Nations today work within many different areas such as: rights of refugees (within UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR), climate (UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC), development of countries (UN Development Programme, UNDP), children s rights (UN Children Fund, UNICEF) and many others. One of the main administrative bodies of the UN is the Security Council (also called SC), and you will take part in one of the Security Council sessions during this conference. The Security Council s responsibility is to work for maintaining (opretholde) international peace and security among member states. The SC has the right to establish peacekeeping operations (fredsbevarende operationer), and international sanctions (for instance economic sanctions such as blocking countries export of goods (eksportembargo)), and has the authorization for military action. These rights are only valid (gyldige) through resolutions (resolutioner). This means that action can only be taken within the name of the United Nations, when the Security Council has made and agreed upon a resolution. Today will you will be working on a resolution in order to find a solution to a conflict. You will be able to find an example of a resolution later in this folder. The Security Council consists of 15 members. There are 5 permanent members, which are the winners of World War II: The United States of America, The United Kingdom, France, Russian Federation and China. These five countries have been sitting in the Security Council since its inception (begyndelse) and have a special privilege the veto right. When one of the 5 permanent members decide to vote no on a resolution they veto the matter. This means that the resolution is not being accepted and thus falls. Instead of vetoing the resolution, the 5 countries can also decide for abstention (afholde sig fra at stemme) when voting and this will not make the resolution fall. The veto countries do not use their veto (or no ) much. Since the Security Council's inception, China has used its veto 6 times; France 18 times; Russia 122 times; the United Kingdom 32 times; and the United States 81 times. The Security Council has accepted more than 1800 resolutions. The 10 other countries in the Security Council are non-permanent members. They sit in the SC for 2 years and then new countries are elected into the SC. These 10 countries do not have veto rights, and a resolution does not fall if one of the non-permanent members votes no. It is however necessary that 9 out of all of the 15 countries vote affirmative (bekræftende - ja ) when voting on a resolution otherwise the resolution will fall. A state that is a member of the UN, but not of the Security Council, may participate in Security Council discussions if the discussions concern the respective countries, this is called auxiliary representation (supplerende repræsentation). Non-members are routinely invited to take part when they are parties to disputes (parter i konflikter) being considered by the Council. These countries have no rights to vote in any matter in the SC. In discussions about the conflict between Israel and Palestine, Israel and the Palestinian Authority are most often invited. FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 5
The conflict The conflict that you will be discussing in the Security Council today is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, one of the most destabilizing and persisting (destabiliserende og vedvarende) conflicts in the Middle East. You will be debating 4 different critical issues of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, namely: Truce between Israel and Palestine Response to the humanitarian crisis Condemnation of Hamas actions Condemnation of Israeli actions For each of these 4 topics, there will be different choices for a resolution and you will be able to see these on the following pages. You will be able to see your own country s position on the four topics in your position paper. This position is what your will try to get into the resolution. But other countries have other positions and it is therefore your task to try and agree on a solution together with the other countries in the Security Council a slution that satisfies your own position the most. Limitations to the Conference Outdated conflict: Because of the developments of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the scenario is unfortunately outdated. We believe, nevertheless, that the negotiations are, in this particular Conference, more important for you as a participant in order to put your knowledge and skills into practice. FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 6
2. The Scenario the Palestinian refugees Historical context Palestine, in contemporary terms, refers to the geographical area within the boundaries of what was once British Mandate Palestine (1920-1948), an area that includes Israel, Gaza, The West Bank and what is today known as Jordan. Yet, in more political terms, Palestine and the geographical area connected to this are subject to deep dispute. In 1947 the British Government announced their desire to terminate their mandate to Palestine and left the responsibility of Palestine to the UN. The UN passed a partition plan (delings-plan) for the territory (see the map below) which divided the area into two separate states, a Jewish and an Arab with the greater Jerusalem under international control. While the Jewish leaders accepted the plan, the Palestinian Arab leaders as well as neighboring Arab and Muslim states rejected the plan. The British Mandate finally ended on 15 May 1948 and the State of Israel was proclaimed (erklæret). Following this proclamation the neighboring Arab states attacked Israel and the 1948 Arab Israeli War was started. The following armistice agreement (våbenhvile) eliminated Palestine from the map; Israel occupied three quarters of the territory while the lasting territory was divided between Egypt, Syria and Jordan, since the countries refused to set up the State of Palestine. The Partition Plan and especially the following war made more than 700.000 Palestinians refugees. In 1967 Egypt closed the Straits of Tiran to all ships under Israeli flags or carrying strategic materials, and called for unified Arab action against Israel. In response Israel launched a pre-emptive attack against Egypt's air force and Jordan attacked western Jerusalem and Netanya. By the end of the war, Israel had gained control of the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, Eastern Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. Peace agreements In the 1990s, steps were taken which formally began a process to solve the Palestinian-Israeli conflict through a two-state solution. Beginning with the Madrid Conference of 1991 and culminating in the 1993 Oslo Peace Accords (fredsaftale) between Palestinians and Israelis, the peace process has laid the framework for Palestinian autonomy (selvstyre) in the West Bank and in Gaza. According to the Oslo Accords, signed by Yassir Arafat (from PLO) and then Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin in Washington, Israel would pull out of the Gaza Strip and cities in the West Bank, leaving contested (bestridte) East Jerusalem in question. Following this, the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) was established to govern those areas from which Israel was to pull out. The PNA was granted limited autonomy over a non-contiguous FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 7
(usammenhængende) area, though it does govern most Palestinian population centers. In 2005 Israel withdrew from the Gaza Strip The current situation The current position of the Palestinian Authority as well as of Israel is that all of the West Bank and Gaza Strip should form the basis of a future Palestinian state. The main discussion during the last fifteen years has focused on turning most or the whole of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank into an independent Palestinian state. An international consensus has involved the withdrawal of Israeli forces to within the internationally recognized boundaries (the borders of 1967, see map on the left) in return for security guarantees from Israel's neighbours, the establishment of a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza and some special status for a shared Jerusalem. This also means that Israel should put an end to Israeli settlements (bosættelser) within Palestinian territory (it is estimated that some 400.000 Israelis live in settlements within the Palestinian Territory). Yet, the US and Israel do not recognise all of the requirements in the international consensus. Israel declares that the country s security demands that a Palestinian entity (enhed) should not have all attributes (egenskaber) of a state, at least initially (i begyndelsen), so that in case things go wrong, Israel would not have to face a dangerous and nearby enemy. Israel can not agree (as of now) to a complete and independent Palestinian state, but rather to a self-administering entity, with partial but not full sovereignty over its borders and its citizens. Security Council convenes Palestine is presently ruled by Hamas in the Gaza Strip and by PNA in the West Bank. Hamas is currently on the USA and EU list of terror organizations. After Hamas gained control of the Gaza Strip, Israel immediately imposed an economic blockade on Gaza, and Hamas launched Qassam attacks on areas of Israel near its border with Gaza. A six-month truce that was agreed upon by Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip has recently expired. The parties could not agree on a renewal of the truce. Hamas blamed Israel for not lifting the blockade of the strip and for a raid on a tunnel in southern Gaza and held that these actions constituted serious breaches of the truce. Israel, on the other hand, accused Hams for frequently firing rockets and grenades into Israeli cities. Soon thereafter, a war broke out, as Israel launched a military campaign in the Gaza Strip. The operation was initiated with the aim of stopping Hamas rocket attacks on southern Israel and arms smuggling into Gaza. FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 8
The Israeli operation began with an intense bombardment of the Gaza Strip, targeting Hamas bases, police training camps, police headquarters and offices. Civilian infrastructure, including mosques, houses, medical facilities and schools, were also attacked. Israel states that many of them are used by combatants, and as storage for weapons and rockets. Hamas intensifies its rocket and mortar attacks against targets in Israel, hitting previously untargeted cities such as Beersheba and Ashdod. After one week of air bombardments the Israeli ground invasion begins. Human rights groups and aid organisations have accused Hamas and Israel of was crimes and called for independent investigations and lawsuits. More than 600 civilians have been killed and three times as many wounded. 50.000 are left homeless and many more have has to flee their homes. The media reports that among many official buildings hit by Israeli grenades is a UN school. The Security Council convenes in order to fulfil its mandate under chapter six of the Charter, the Security Council may investigate any dispute, or any situation which might lead to international friction or give rise to a dispute. And, when it determines that the situation might endanger international peace and security recommend appropriate procedures or methods of adjustment. There are four issues that will be discussed today in the Security Council in regard to the current crisis between Israel and Palestine. Under each of the issues are a number of points to choose between for the Security Council to put into the resolution. It is possible to agree on one or more points under each issue and put them into the resolution. Your country s position in regard to the issues is stated in the position paper. Issuet 1: Truce The Security Council must come to an agreement on whether to call for a ceasefire, leading to the full withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza. 1. the urgency of an immediate, durable and fully respected ceasefire 2. Israel to immediately cease its military attacks and withdraw its forces from Gaza 3. the need for Israeli military engagement in the occupied territories in order to fight terrorism but demanding a withdrawal of Israeli forces 4. Palestinians to declare an unequivocal end to violence and terrorism and undertake visible efforts to this on the ground; 5. Hamas to ensure an immediate end to the rocket attacks into the territory of Israel 6. international protection of the people in Gaza Issue 2: Response to humanitarian crisis The Council must come to an agreement on how to secure provision and distribution throughout Gaza of humanitarian assistance, including food, fuel and medical treatment. 1. Member States to support international efforts to alleviate the humanitarian and economic situation in Gaza; 2. Both parties to allow and facilitate immediate humanitarian action 3. a normal and permanent reopening of all crossings into Gaza 4. the United Nations to ensure that Israel takes measures to improve humanitarian conditions, lifting curfews and easing restrictions on movement of persons and goods; FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 9
5. the United Nations to intervene immediately to ensure humanitarian aid into the Gaza Strip without hindrance; Issue 3: Condemnation of Israeli Actions The Security Council must come to an agreement on whether and how to condemn the violence and hostilities directed against civilians and the disproportionate military response done by Israeli forces. 1. condemn Israel s collective punishment of innocent civilians 2. condemn the excessive use of force by Israel 3. condemn the Israeli military attacks 4. condemn all violence and hostilities directed against civilians and all acts of terrorism; Issue 4: Condemnation of Hamas actions The Security Council must come to an agreement on whether and how to condemn the violence and hostilities directed against civilians and all acts of terrorism done by Hamas. 1. condemn the provocations by Palestinians 2. condemn the provocations by Hamas 3. condemn the breaking of the truce by Hamas 4. condemn the terrorist attacks against Israel by Hamas 5. condemn all violence and hostilities directed against civilians and all acts of terrorism; Final Words from Minimun/ UNA All the negotiations taking place during the session will be subject to the Rules of Procedure (see below), which adhere to the procedures of the Security Council, but have been adapted and simplified for this particular Conference. There are many Rules that are not possible to put into practice within the limited capacity of this simulation, and therefore they have been left out. In order to keep the simulation realistic and fully profit the time for negotiations, it is very important that the Rules of Procedure have been read and understood prior to the conference. We strongly believe that this Conference will be an extremely positive experience for the attending students, giving the participants an opportunity to experiment the working dynamics and decisionmaking process of a United Nations organ such the Security Council while deepening participants knowledge on a current international conflict. FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 10
3. How to make a resolution A resolution is a written motion by the Security Council that recommends/requests or otherwise addresses for instance parties in a conflict or the UN to act. In the Security Council Session today it is your task to cooperate with the other members of the Security Council to come up with a resolution. You will work towards getting your points of view into the resolution. You points of view are stated in your position paper. It is possible to choose one or more of the points under each topic and put them into the resolution. It is also possible to come up with your own points (related to those stated in your position paper) if you can get other countries to agree upon them. In front of each point you will have to put an initiating phrase. These are provided on a separate sheet on the next page and you can see them written in italics in the resolution example below. Below you can see an example of part of a resolution made in 2000 in regard to the Palestinian question. Resolutions can be long or short it all depends on what the members of the Council can agree upon. ---------------------------------------- Resolution 1322 (2000) Adopted by the Security Council at its 4205th meeting on 7 October 2000 The security council: 1. Deplores the provocation carried out at Al-Haram Al-Sharif in Jerusalem on 28 September 2000, and the subsequent violence there and at other Holy Places, as well as in other areas throughout the territories occupied by Israel since 1967, resulting in over 80 Palestinian deaths and many other casualties; 2. Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to abide scrupulously by its legal obligations and its responsibilities under the Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949; 3. Calls for the immediate cessation of violence, and for all necessary steps to be taken to ensure that violence ceases, that new provocative actions are avoided, and that the situation returns to normality in a way which promotes the prospects for the Middle East peace process. --------------------------------------------- FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 11
Initiating phrases for the resolution Accepts Affirms Approves Authorizes Calls Calls upon Condemns Confirms Congratulates Considers Declares accordingly Deplores Designates Draws the attention Emphasizes Encourages Endorses Expresses its appreciation Expresses its hope Further invites Further proclaims Further recommends Further reminds Further resolves Have resolved Notes Proclaims Reaffirms Recalls Recommends Regrets Reminds Requests Solemnly affirms Strongly condemns Supports Takes note of Transmits Trusts Urges FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 12
4. Rules of Procedure for the Security Council These Rules of Procedure is a modified document of The Nordic Model United Nations Network Reduced version of the NordicMUN 2006 Rules of Procedure FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 13
The general procedures In the following there will be a short outline on what will happen during the session you will be in, when we start the conference. The rules are described on the following pages, and you can refer to the rules if you have doubt on any of the matters described in the outline below. Formal session is when you are all gathered in the room and following the formal procedures described below. The formal session is governed (styret) by the President of the Security Council. In formal session you will have to speak English. When a meeting is suspended (see below) you are outside of formal session. 1. At the beginning of each formal session there will be a roll call, where all members (each country) of the Security Council should be present. Each of the countries will be called and should answer present (til stede). 2. Following this, each delegation will be given 2 minutes, only, for their opening statements, which will have to, briefly state their country s position. 3. A statement from the General Secretary will then be given on the issue of the debate. 4. Then the general debate will begin. Each country has to signify (tilkendegive), by lifting their placards (navneskilt), if they wish to speak. The countries will then be put on the speakers list and the President will call upon members to speak. It is strictly prohibited (strengt forbudt) to speak during session unless a delegation has been called upon by the President. The only way to communicate is by sending notes to each other or by leaving the room. It is allowed for a delegation to leave the room quietly if you need to discuss outside of formal session. 5. During the general debate it is possible for the delegations to clarify its position, comment on or pose questions on any issue relevant for the debate such as other countries positions, its own position etc. 6. During the general debate it is possible to come up with: a) points: point of personal privilege (if you need to correct a discomfort, such as have somebody to open a window), point of information (if you need clarifications on the rules or other explanations) see the Rules of Procedure on the following pages b) motions: motion for suspension of the meeting (if you want to discuss the conflict in informal manners outside of the formal session), motion to introduce a resolution or motion to introduce an amendment. When a motion has been put on the table, the country that motions will have to explain why they need for instance a suspension of the meeting, and for how long they would like it. Then the Council will vote on the motion. See the Rules of Procedure on the following pages. 7. If no country wishes to speak during formal session, the Security Council moves directly to vote on the resolutions on the floor. It is therefore important that the countries either speak during the general debate or put a motion on the table for, for instance, suspension of the meeting in order to be able to discuss and draw up a resolution. Below you will find all the specifics of the Rules of Procedures in Danish. FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 14
Generelt Regel 1. Rækkevidden (Scope) 1. Disse regler er baseret på de originale regler i Sikkerhedsrådet, som erklæret i vedtægterne for De Forende Nationer (artikel 30) og vedtægterne for Den Internationale Domstol. Disse er dog tilpasset for at facilitere og afhjælpe debatten i løbet af den korte Model UN konference. 2. Ingen andre regler er gældende. Regel 2. Sprog Engelsk er det officielle arbejdssprog i Sikkerhedsrådet. Regel 3. Opførsel Alle repræsentanter skal på alle tidspunkter optræde høfligt og respektere Præsidentskabet, Sekretærerne samt andre repræsentanter og delegationer på alle tidspunkter. Procedurer Regel 4. Sammensætning 1. Sikkerhedsrådet består af 15 medlemmer af De Forenede Nationer. Kina, Frankrig, Storbritannien, Rusland og USA er permanente medlemmer af Sikkerhedsrådet (ifølge FN vedtægterne, artikel 23(1)). 2. Ti andre medlemmer af De Forenede Nationer er blevet valgt som ikke-permanente medlemmer af Sikkerhedsrådet; Belgien, Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, Indonesien, Italien, Kroatien, Libyen, Panama, Sydafrika, Viet Nam. Regel 5. Delegations opråb (Roll Call) 1. Præsidenten skal opråbe listen af delegationer (call the roll) for at etablere et beslutningsdygtigt flertal i starten af hver samling. Medlemmer skal svare present når navnet på deres delegation bliver kaldt. 2. Medlemmer der ankommer sent til en samling eller ikke svarer ved delegationsopråb (roll call) skal indlevere en skriftlig meddelelse om deres tilstedeværelse samt en undskyldning til Præsidentskabet. Medlemmerne vil ikke få tildelt taletid og deres ret til at stemme udgår, hvis en skriftlig meddelelse om tilstedeværelse eller manglende besvarelse ved opråb ikke er blevet indleveret til Præsidentskabet i tilfælde af sen ankomst eller ubesvaret delegationsopråb (roll call). Regel 6. Supplerende repræsentation (Auxiliary Representation) 1. Ethvert medlem af de Forende Nationer, der ikke er medlem af Sikkerhedsrådet, må deltage i en samling af Sikkerhedsrådet, uden retten til at stemme. Dette må ske i enhver diskussion af spørgsmål fremlagt for Sikkerhedsrådet, når Sikkerhedsrådet anser at medlemmets interesser er specielt påvirket (ifølge FN vedtægternes artikel 31). FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 15
2. Ethvert medlem af de Forende Nationer, der ikke er medlem af Sikkerhedsrådet eller enhver stat der ikke er medlem af de Forende Nationer, hvis det er en gruppe impliceret i en konflikt der behandles i Sikkerhedsrådet, skal inviteres til at deltage, uden retten til at stemme, i diskussionen der relaterer sig til konflikten (ifølge FNs vedtægter artikel 32). Repræsentanten for den implicerede gruppe vil få status som observatør (observer) og vil ikke have ret til at stemme i nogle spørgsmål. Præsidentskabet (Presidency) Regel 7. Præsidenten 1. Præsidenten skal oversidde møderne i Sikkerhedsrådet og skal, under Sikkerhedsrådets myndighed, repræsentere Sikkerhedsrådet i dets kapacitet som en del af de Forende Nationer. Debat Regel 8. Talerliste (speakers list) 1. Præsidenten skal høre Medlemmer i den rækkefølge de tilkendegiver deres ønske om at tale. 2. Talerlisten er åben uafbrudt indtil en anmodning om afslutning af debatten (motion for closure of debate) er vedtaget. 3. Hvis intet medlem ønsker at tale, bevæger Sikkerhedsrådet sig direkte videre til en afgørende afstemning (substantive vote) om resolutionerne, der er fremlagt (resolutions on the floor) 4. Præsidenten beslutter tidsintervallet for taler. Regel 9. Taler (Speeches) 1. Ingen delegerede må henvende sig til forsamlingen uden godkendelse fra Præsidenten 2. Under formel debat skal Præsidenten høre medlemmer i overensstemmelse med talerlisten. 3. Talerne skal holde deres ytringer relevante til emnet under diskussionen. Kommunikation Regel 10. Noter. 1. Det er tilladt at sende noter til andre delegationer. 2. Noter er fordelt af sekretærerne der er til stede under Sikkerhedsrådets samling. Påpegninger og anmodninger (Points & motions) Regel 11. Påpegning om Personligt privilegium (Point of Personal Privilege) Et medlem må til enhver tid anmode Præsidenten om at rette op på ting der generer dem og hindrer deres mulighed for at deltage i forhandlingerne. FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 16
Regel 12. Påpegning om information (Point of Information) Et medlem må bede Præsidentskabet om afklaringer på forhandlingerne eller om forklaringer på begreber eller forkortelser der bruges i Sikkerhedsrådet. Regel 13. Anmodning om suspendering af mødet (Motion for Suspension of the Meeting) Et medlem må anmode om suspendering af mødet i en afgrænset tidsperiode og med et specificeret formål. Sikkerhedsrådet stemmer øjeblikkeligt om anmodningen. Regel 14. Anmodning om introduktion af en resolution (Motion for introduction of a Resolution) Et Medlem må anmode om at introducere en Resolution. Resolutionen skal dog godkendes af Præsidenten før anmodningen. Sikkerhedsrådet stemmer øjeblikkeligt om anmodningen. Regel 15. Anmodning om introduktion af en ændring i resolutionen (Motion for introduction of an amendment) Et medlem må anmode om at introducere en ændring til en resolution. Dette kan ske hvis medlemmet selv har introduceret resolutionen. Der stemmes ikke om anmodningen, men Præsidenten godtager anmodningen. Resolutioner og ændringsforslag Regel 16. Resolutioner 1. En resolution skal skrives i et formelt format der er angivet af MiniMUN. 2. En resolution skal godkendes af Præsidenten før den introduceres for Sikkerhedsrådet. Regel 17. Ændringer (Amendments) 1. En ændring i resolutionen skal være skriftlig og introduceres af det medlem der har introduceret resolutionen. Regel 18. Rettigheder under afstemninger (Rights of Voting) Hvert medlem af Sikkerhedsrådet har kun én stemme. FN-Forbundet, Store Kongensgade 36, 4. th., 1264 København K 17