Den robuste gris. .i en fremtid uden antibiotika og ZnO

Transkript

1 Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences Den robuste gris.i en fremtid uden antibiotika og ZnO Thomas Thymann Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition Dept of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen

2 Preterm Pig Intensive Care Unit - to help answer difficult questions! Why? Controlled conditions Multiple interventions Detailed organ insights Exploratory treatments Ethics, economics, time Translational relevance? 25 incubators Respiratory support Temp./moisture control Low microbe (germfree) Ventilated, high-moisture Parenteral/enteral nutrition 24 hour camera surveillance

3 Seks ønsker for den robuste tarm omkring fravænning Enhedens navn - Tykt beskyttende mucinlag - Normal tarm-peristaltik - Høj maltase, lipase, amylase, trypsin, aminopep. ect. - Normalt enterohepatisk kredsløb af galdesalte - Lavgradig leukocyt-infiltration i vævet - Lav mikrobiel aktivitet Sted og dato Slide 3

4 Enhedens navn Modified from (Johansson & Hansson, 2011) Sted og dato Slide 4

5 Mucin: den første skanse Kontrol Anti

6 Colon double mucus layer in preterm pigs: Colostrum 5d Milk for 3for wks No milk feeding for 5d

7 Development of adaptive (cellular and humural) immunity

8 Quantifying peristalsis of the small intestine Ex vivo setup to quantify gut motility in action Endpoints: contraction frequency, contraction ampitude and contraction pattern.

9 Alder Age before før og and efter after fødsel, birth, days dage 80 Weight of the small intestine relative to body weight (Am. J. Physiol. 281, 2001) g/kg

10 Enhedens navn Lærke & Hedemann; Reprinted with permission from John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Sted og dato Slide 10

11 Postweaning growth of the colon 18 (g/kg) Diende Antibiotika Kontrol

12 Log CFU/ g digesta ph Dry matter (%) 10 A ph and bacteria post weaning: (Bent Borg Jensen, 2001) 8 B Total culturable bacteria Lactobacilli Coliform bacteria 7 Dry matter Enterococci Days after weaning 6 ph Days after weaning

13 Enhedens navn How does ZnO influence microbial activity in different sections of the GIT? Højbjerg et al. APP AND ENVIRON MICROBIOL, 2005, p Sted og dato Slide 14

14 Enhedens navn Brunse et al. Fecal microbial transplantation from 10 day old healthy pigs to newborn recipients. Marked protective effect! Sted og dato Slide 15

15 lactation Post weaning OE/kg 0, weaning anorexia Lack of stimulation of the gut Days mod. e. Pluske 1993

16 Lærke & Hedemann, the digestive system of the pig Sted og dato Slide 17

17 Intestinal chemosensing of luminal nutrients via enteroendocrine epithelial cells eg. GLP-2 Bertrand 2009

18 800,00 600,00 Kontrol GLP-2 400,00 200,00 High sanitary conditions Native GLP-2 0, Maltase Kontrol GLP-2 ApN Low sanitary conditions Native GLP Maltase Control GLP-2 ApN High sanitary conditions GLP-2 analouge with extended half life 0 Maltase maltase Aminopeptidase ApN N Thymann et al.

19 GLP-2 affects goblet cell density Suckling 0.25 a 0.20 b 0.15 c GLP preweaning GLP-2 control Control Goblet cell

20 (Pluske et al.,1991) Suckling pigs, 28 d Weaned pigs, 28+5 d, plant based Weaned pigs, 28+5 d, milk based Villous height (µm) Crypt depth (µm)

21 m A B B a of PAS-positive cells relative to area of villi or cr b 0.4 Villus atrophy in both sick and healthy weaned piglets 0.3 a a Small intestine 0.0 Colon Suckling Control Anti/ZnO Thymann et al

22 Foderoptagelse, g/d Tilvækst, g/d 50 0 Anti/ZnO Kontrol GLP

23 Diarrea reduces protein-digestion U / g tissue A c a b b Suckling Control Anti/ZnO b b ab a b 2 a a a B ApN DPP IV ApA Chymotrypsin Trypsin c 20 b ssue b

24 Fasting-periode before weaning 9,50 9,00 8,50 Weight, kg ingen faste 1x24t faste Growth g/dag 8,00 7,50 7, Feed intake g/dag ingen faste Water consumption g/dag 1x24t faste Days postweaning Thymann et al.

25 Control 1x24 h fast during lactation 2x24 h fast during lactation Aminopeptidase N, U/g 400 Villous height, m Dipeptidylpeptidase IV, U/g Crypt depth, m Aminopeptidase A, U/g Maltase, U/ g Thymann et al. 10 0

26 Enhedens navn Artificial rearing Natural rearing Sted og dato Slide 27

27 Artificial rearing induces crypt elongation Artificial rearing transiently increases permeability Artificial rearing Natural rearing Artificial rearing transiently reduces gut and liver antioxidant defense Sted og dato Slide 28

28 Enhedens navn Hvordan skaber vi den robuste gris? Uudnyttet potentiale i diegivningsperioden Tarmens morfologi og funktion vanskelig at påvirke de første tre uger. Derfor højkvalitets mælke-blandinger for alene at sikre overlevelse og vækst de første 2-3 uger. Tarmen mere påvirkelig for vegetabilske råvarer i uge 4 og 5. Alder vigtigere end vægt Forbigående små tarmskader kan accelerere tarmens modning (ex. mælkeerstatninger, intermitterende diegivning). Sted og dato Slide 29

29 Tak for opmærksomheden Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Univ. Copenhagen