Erling Petersen Driver Training Manager. Alternative brændstoffer

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1 Erling Petersen Driver Training Manager Alternative brændstoffer

2 Primære drivkræfter bag bæredygtig transport Trængsel på vejene Forurening Energisikkerhed Klimaforandringer

3 C0 2 -Emission from Road Vehicles in Germany Mileage [Bill. Km] C02 Emission [Mio tc02/a] Vehicles [Tsd.] [Bill.km] [Mio tco2/a] Vehicles [Tsd.] Electric t 12-40t 0

4 Klimapåvirkning CO 2 -reduktion Fossilt Tilfører co2 til atmosfæren Ikke Fossilt En del af kredsløbet 4

5 Alternative brændstoffer Naturgas Biometangas Biodiesel FAME HVO Ethanol Naturgas Biometan Fedtsyremethylester Hydrogeneret vegetabilsk olie ED95 Fossilt brændstof Ofte lave omkostninger Naturgas har lidt bedre drivhusgasegenskaber end diesel Bedre at opgradere tilgængelig biogas til biometan for at erstatte køretøjsdiesel, frem for at generere elektricitet direkte fra biogas Ca. 97% metan og 3% kuldioxid Ekstremt gode drivhusgasegenskaber Fremstilles af vegetabilsk eller animalsk olie/fedt og methanol Prisbilligt brændstof og nemt at producere, men høje tekniske krav til brug Dieselmotor og udstødningsefterbehandlingssy stem skal ændres Fremstilles af vegetabilsk eller animalsk olie/fedt eller tilsvarende affaldsprodukter og hydrogen Avanceret produktionsproces med potentielt yderst gode drivhusgasegenskaber Egenskaber næsten identiske med dieselolie Ethanol kan fremstilles af f.eks. sukkerroer, hvede, køkkenaffald og cellulose Forbrænding, som minder om diesel, med lignende effektivitet Ethanol med 5% tændingsforbedrer og 1% smøringsforbedrer 6/13/2019 Created by Scania Danmark A/S

6 Fire forudsætninger for kommercielle alternative brændstoffer Brændstoffets klimapåvirkning Tilgængelighed Omkostninger Teknik 6

7 Klimapåvirkning CO 2 -reduktion Naturgas Biometangas Biodiesel FAME HVO Ethanol 15% 90% 7

8 Klimapåvirkning CO 2 -reduktion Naturgas Biometangas Biodiesel FAME HVO Ethanol 15% 90% 8

9 Klimapåvirkning CO 2 -reduktion Naturgas 15% Biometangas 90% Biodiesel FAME 85% HVO 90% Ethanol 90% EL 100 % 162 % 9

10 3 levels of fuel / CO2 reduktion Example Biodiesel 1 General values Renewable Energy Directive 2 National average Transport ministry statistics 3 Product specific Supplier specification Rape seed Swedish FAME 38 % 46 % 66 %

11 11 Keep in mind: Æbler og pærer ED95 HVO FAME CNG CBG LNG LBG 1 General values 2 National average 71% 83% 38% 15/82% 15/82% 3 Product specific

12 Keep in mind: Æbler og pærer ED95 HVO FAME CNG CBG LNG LBG 1 General values 83% 2 National average 72% 72% 3 Product specific 90% 66% 12

13 Klimapåvirkning CO 2 -reduktion omkostninger. Naturgas Biometangas Biodiesel FAME HVO Ethanol EL kr 9,55 kr 12,15 kr?? 13

14 Tilgængelighed af kommercielle alternative brændstoffer CNG-gas CNG- og LNG-gas Ethanol HVO og/eller FAME 14

15 Tilgængelighed Bio gas CNG/CBG kan tankes 17 steder i DK (offentligt tilgængeligt) LNG/LBG: Ingen tanke i DK Ethanol ED95: Ingen tanke i DK. Ingen sælger det (endnu) HVO: Sælges ikke på alm. Tankstationer. Kan leveres til private tanke. Flere vognmænd og kommuner er i gang FAME: Sælges ikke på alm. Tankstationer i DK. Kræver temperatur reguleret tank. 15

16 GAS

17 Why gas? Diesel and Otto cumbustion principles 17 Diesel + High efficiency. Approx. 42% maximum. - High noise level - High level of NOx and particles, - without aftertreatment or EGR Otto + Low noise level + Low emissions, λ = 1 with three-way catalytic converter - A bit lower efficiency

18 Torque even earlier than the diesel counterpart A benchmark truck to outperform all other brands 18

19 50% lower sound level than corresponding diesel trucks Developing a benchmark truck to outperform all other brands 19 Noise -3 dba PIEK Light certificate from factory

20 Well within emmission level requirements Inherent methane properties, a welcome bonus 20 NH3 Euro 6 demand NOx Scania Euro 6 Gas PM CH4 CO NMHC

21 CNG/CBG Tankes ved 200 bar. Fuld tank = 200 bars tryk Tankning ved 200 bar = varmeudvikling = gas udvides (1,5 bar pr 1 grad) Brugbar volumen ca. 75% af tankvolumen Tankmåler dropper når tanke afkøles efter tankning, ofte 10-15% 5-10% af tankvolumen tilbage er nødvendig for at opretholde tryk Kortere serviceintervaller end diesel Gas dyrere end diesel Forbrug: samme i kg gas som dieselbil i liter diesel 21

22 LNG/LBG Ingen steder i Danmark Tankes ved 10 bar. Nedkøles til 160 grader Frigiver gas på grund af temperatur stigning 5-10% af tankvolumen tilbage er nødvendig for at opretholde tryk Kortere serviceintervaller end diesel Gas dyrere end diesel Forbrug: samme i kg gas som dieselbil i liter diesel 22

23 Gas m3 / KG / L energiindhold 1 M3 = 5 liter = ca. 1-1,1 liter diesel 6 liter CNG = ca. 1 KG 1 KG CNG = ca. 1,3 liter diesel 1 liter diesel = ca. 0,8 kg gas 1 liter LNG = ca. 0,45 kg gas 5 liter (200 bar) 1,7 liter 1 liter Diesel Created by Scania Danmark A/S 23

24 LNG fuel tank The super thermos more than a fuel container Secondary relief valve 24 bar Primary relief valve 16 bar Setting 10 bar To gas panel

25 HVO - Fame

26 Biodiesel FAME Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Feedstock + Methanol Catalyst Fatty acid esters Glycerol Rapeseed Cooking oil Biodiesel FAME Soybeans Animal fat RME SME

27 Biodiesel FAME Specielt tilpasset motor Filtre, brændstofslanger mv Kortere serviceintervaller Kan ikke blandes med alm. Diesel Motorprogrammering Temperaturfølsomt Slammer, risiko for dieselpest Stor forskel i kvalitet og energiindhold 27

28 HVO Nemmeste måde at reducere Co2 Alle Scania s euro 5 og 6 kan køre på HVO Kan blandes med alm. diesel Samme egenskaber som diesel Renere end diesel Højere cetantal Pris: ca. kr. 4 mere pr. l end diesel HVO Diesel

29 Hvad er HVO? Synthetic diesel Also called renewable diesel, advanced fuel, 2nd generation fuel, HEFA Sold under many commercial names, examples..

30 HVO hydrotreated vegetable oil Produced in a biorefinery with many similarities to ordinary crude oil refineries Vegetable oil and fat Animal fat Hydrogen Pretreatment Deoxygenation Isomerization Renewable: propane nafta/jet fuel diesel

31 HVO Properties European standard Energy content [MJ/kg] Energy content [MJ/l] Density, typical values [g/l] Cetane number, typical values CO 2 eq reduction default values according to European directives Diesel EN % HVO EN % Biodiesel FAME EN % CO 2 eq reduction depends on raw material and production process

32 Ethanol ED95 = Ethanol med 5% additiv (tændingsforbedring og smøring) Lavt energiindhold. 1,7 l ED95 = 1 l diesel Flygtigt brændstof Motor dieselprincip, SCR og partikelfiler Kompresionsforhold 27:1 Korte serviceintervaller Created by Scania Danmark A/S 33

33 Bev El køretøjer Et brugbart alternativ?

34 business in transition 100% The business today Time Your Info class date Internal here Department/Name/Subject 35

35 technology and business shift The business today New business driven by new technologies and solutions Your Info class date Internal here Department/Name/Subject 36

36 technology and business shift 100% New businesses driven by new technologies and solutions Strategic bet Time Your Info class date Internal here Department/Name/Subject 37

37 Long haul truck GTW 40 ton Daily travel: 650km/day Energy consumption per day: 1000 kwh 10 h charging Battery system, specific cycling capacity: 50Wh/kg Complete battery system weight: kg BATTERY TRUCK? Batteries for long distance trucks 2015

38 Long haul truck GTW 40 ton Daily travel: 650km/day divided in 2 (with charging midway, 1 h) Energy consumption per charging: 600 kwh (325 km) Battery system, specific cycling capacity: 100Wh/kg Complete battery system weight: kg Batteries for long distance trucks 2025

39 Long haul truck GTW 40 ton Daily travel: 650km/day, divided in 2 (with charging midway, 15 min) Energy consumption per charging: 300 kwh (325 km) Battery system, specific cycling capacity: >200Wh/kg Complete battery system, weight: <1.500 kg Batteries for long distance trucks 2035

40 Battery pack cost development forecast /kwh Jan Nov 2017 Aug Dec 2018 Feb

41 Battery pack cost development forecast /kwh Jan Nov 2017 Aug Dec 2018 Feb

42 Battery pack cost development forecast /kwh Jan Nov 2017 Aug Dec 2018 Feb

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44 DISTRIBUTION EU BEV SALGET FORVENTES AT OVERSTIGE 50% INDEN FOR 10ÅR Sales adoption new registrations Percent of new sales Electric Vehicle adoption, years from TCO parity Stagnation 20XX % in 8 yrs (2031) TCO parity year 1 BEV Current Trajectory % in 6 yrs (2028) Hybrid (PHEV/HEV) CNG/LNG (natural and biogas) ICE, incl. Biodiesel (MHEV after 2025) Acceleration % in 3 yrs (2024) SOURCE: Alternative drivetrains team, TRATON 2018

45 LONG-HAUL EU - BEV FORVENTES AT OVERSTIGE 50% INDEN FOR 15 ÅR Sales adoption new registrations Percent of new sales Electric Vehicle adoption, years from TCO parity Stagnation 20XX % in 11 yrs (2036) TCO parity year 1 BEV Current Trajectory % in 8 yrs (2032) Hybrid (PHEV/HEV) CNG/LNG (natural and biogas) ICE, incl. Biodiesel (MHEV after 2025) Accelerated % in 5 yrs (2028) SOURCE: Alternative drivetrains team

46 Scania 6x2 Plugin Hybrid 10 km. på ren strøm (30 km.) Opladningstid 20 minutter Kraftudtag Start Stop Elektrisk servo Your date here Info class Internal Department/Name/Subject 47

47 Parallel hybrid powertrain 12 speed gearkasse med Scania Opticruise Elektrisk motor, 130 kw (177 hp), 1050 Nm 9-litre motor (SCR) 320 hp 1600 Nm 6/13/2019 Created by Scania Danmark A/S 48

48 Hybrid batteri Hybrid battery protected by crush structure Hybrid battery heater Hybrid system connection box Inverter Cooling system hybrid battery Coolant pumps Cooling system inverter and 24V DC/DC converter Created by Scania Danmark A/S 49

49 Renewable energy production Electric energy need per road km, per 1000 passes, per direction 1,25 kwh per truck km 365 days operation per year 1,25 MWh per road km day 0,5 GWh per road km year 3,250 m 2 PV panels per km

50 E-High ways Created by Scania Danmark A/S 51

51 Induktions ladning Ladetid 7 min. Distance 10 km 1. Ladestation indbygget i vejen 2. Opladningsmodtager i bus 3. Batteri Forsøgsdrift i Södertälje Created by Scania Danmark A/S 52

52 Selvkørende El-busser 12 m busser Køre i almindelig trafik Created by Scania Danmark A/S 53

53 E-Highways Danmark særlig interessant Feks. FYN 2500 passager i døgnet Investering kr. Pr. Km. Kan også bruges til ladestationer. Break-even ved 400 passager i døgnet Kan reducere co2 udslippet med 50% ved 2% af motorvejsnettet Created by Scania Danmark A/S 54

54 Brint og Brændselscelle 55

55 electric solutions has potential efficiency varies Pathway Range Efficiency WTW Battery/Electric Road Reg. braking e - Grid e - Charger e - etruck 95 % (Battery) 93 kwh 3 % 88 kwh 1,5 kwh/km 61 km 76% 100 kwh Hydrogen Electrolysis ŋ = H 2 H H 2 - CH 2 - fuel e - 65% network 2 C.H station 2 92 kwh E-gas E-diesel 60 kwh 0,7 kwh 60 kwh 5 kwh 60 kwh Fuel cell 54 % 1 kwh Electrolysis ŋ = H 2 n NGnetwork station CNG-fuel e - Methanatio NG CNG ŋ = 74,3 % CH 65% 4 96 kwh 62 kwh 46 kwh 46 kwh 46 kwh Electrolysis ŋ = H 2 synthesis ŋ FT Distr. FT FT FT- Fuel e - 65% = 69,2 % station 96 kwh e - e- 63 kwh 0,8 kwh 43 kwh 43 kwh 0,1 kwh 43 kwh Reg. braking e - 32 kwh 3 % etruck Gas truck 1,5 kwh/km 3,2 kwh/km Diesel truck 2,7 kwh/km 22 km 28% 14 km 18% 16 km 20% Rounded values. No contributions for hydrogen or CNG transport. Calculated 2018 by Vehabovic & Dahl Öberg, Scania. Sources: JEC Well-to-wheel 2014, Brynolf et al., Moro et al., ABB, Pennstate University, Hydrogenics

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