SmartCityvision. an [ IASI AI ] initiative

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1 an initiative

2 Thisdocumentpresentsthevisionofthe [ IASI AI ] communityconcerningthe desiredimpactandtheimplementationofsmartcitysolutions. Revisionhistory Initialdocumentrelease(version1.0) Initiators EugenBușoiu,GabrielMarchidan,AndreiPruteanu Credits PhotosbyMugurCardinoiu&AdrianBaltariu iconsbyandreimodoranu Feedback Sendsuggestionsandfeedbackover helo@iasi.aior /AI.Iasi 01

3 02 ] [ AI IASI BusinesVerticals Vehicletrafficmanagement Efficientpublictransport Improveddailycommuting Integratedtrafficmanagement Energyconsumptionmanagement Publiclightingtsystem Buildings( Buildings(residential/public) Urbanplanning Dweling(e.g.parks) Commuting Publicspaceergonomy(e.g.accessibility) Constructionwork Publicadministration Persistency Availability Accessibility API Security Anonymization Formatguidelines CSV JSON JSONLD XML Relationaldatabases Colectionguidelines Aggregationguidelines Historical&real-timedata Historical Real-timesensing Value-addedservices(viaAI) analytics(citydashboard) Third-partyservicedevelopment

4 BusinesVerticals Vehicletrafficmanagement Efficientpublictransport Improvetransportationsystem bychoosingoptimalschedules foreachtransportationmodality(busesandtrams) Improveddailycommuting Reducewaitingqueuesbyassistingauthoritiesinchoosing efficienttrafficmanagementstrategiesduringpeakhours. InIntegratedtrafficmanagement Real-timeupdatesforstop-lightschedulesinordertorespond readilytodynamictrafficconditions. 03

5 BusinesVerticals Energyconsumptionmanagement Publiclightingsystem Dynamicalystart/stop/dim streetlightsbasedonexternal conditions(sunlight,streetoccupation,crime-rateetc.) Buildings(residential/public) Reducewaitingqueuesbyassistingauthoritiesinchoosing efficienttrafficmanagementstrategiesduringpeakhours. BusinesVerticals UrbanPlanning Dweling(e.g.parks) Citizensshouldbeabletopickthebestschedulesforoutside activitiesnotonlybasedonweatherconditionsbutalso onquality-of-lifeparameters-airquality,noiselevel, trafficwaitingqueues,etc. Commuting Byconsideringrealtimeandhistoricaltrends,cityinhabitants canpickupthebestschedulesfordailycommuting. 04

6 BusinesVerticals UrbanPlanning Publicspaceergonomy(e.g.acesibility) Publicspacesshouldbeorganizedtobestfacilitatedailycommutingandoutdooractivitiesbutalsoaccessforpersons withdisabilitiesthatrequirespecialaccessibilityfacilities. Constructionwork Approvedconstructionactivitiesshouldbetransparentandoferedtothepublicfordebating. BusinesVerticals PublicAdministration Expose/storeon-goingandplannedconstruction-work(e.g.infrastructurerepairs/upgrades) Up-to-dateinfrastructureGIS/maps(pipes,cables)-bothundergroundandaboveground. Transparentbudgetspending(historical,curentandplanned) Waitingqueuesatpublicinstitutions. Makeadministrativedecisionstransparent-votes,policyproposals,approvedpolicydocuments, decisions,budget,urbanplanningapprovalsetc. 05

7 ata Persistency Availability Accessibility API Security Anonymization Formatguidelines CSV JSON JSONLD XML Relationaldatabases Colectionguidelines Aggregationguidelines

8 Persistency Aldatashalbestoredinsuchawaythatsinglepointsoffailurewilbenonexistent. DiveswiluseRAIDwithmiroring(RAID1,RAID5etc) baseswilbebackedupdaily. Availability Theserviceswilbehostedoninfrastructurewithhighuptimeandlow latency. Anuptimegreaterthan99.9% wilbeconsideredacceptableforservers(atotalofabout8hoursofdowntimeperyear) Alatencysmalerthan100mswilbeconsideredacceptableforservers(testedfrom diferentinternetprovidersinromania) Acesibility Accessibilitytothedatashalbeprovided,uponrequest. shalbeaccessibleeitherbyapiorbyftpprotocol. SecureFTPaccessshalbepossibleusingtheSFTPprotocol,usinggeneratedusernameandpassword. ontheftpshalbeaccessibleexclusivelyincsvformat.ontheftpshalbeupdatedmonthly. 07

9 API APIsthatexposedatashalbeexclusivelyRESTAPIs. 1 APIsshalfulyconform totheopenapispecification. 2 APIshouldfolow bestpracticeswithineuropeanunion.citysdk hasalreadydefinedwaystoexposecityinformation tothepublicin6majorcitiesamsterdam (NL),Helsinki(FI),Istanbul(TR),Manchester(UK),ProvinceofRome(IT),Lamia(GR). APIshouldbecompliantwithCitySDKandfolow thesamedesignprinciples. Security APIswilbeaccessibleonlythroughtheHTTPSprotocol. APIswilbeaccessibleonlyviatheuseofusername/passwordpairsorAPIkeys. FTPswilbeaccessibleonlythroughtheSFTPprotocol. FTPswilbeaccessiblethroughusername/passwordcheck. 3 AuthenticationshalbeprovidedthroughOpenIdconnectfrom acentralauthenticationendpoint. Credentialswilbeunique(notreused)formultipleusers.Thiswilenableper-useractivitytracking. UsernamesandAPIkeyswilnotbesequential.Thiswilreducetheatacksurface htps:/github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification 2.htp:/ 3.htp:/openid.net/connect/

10 Anonymization Althesensibledata,wherepresentandapplicable,shalbeanonymizedwhenmadeavailabletothepublic. Bysensibledata,wedefinedatathatuniquelyidentifiesusers(suchasnames, s,addresses)ordatathat wasnotintendedtobepubliclyavailable(suchaspasswords,uniquecitizenidentifiers,etc.) 4 Accesstosensitiveinformationshalfolow strictgdpr complianceregulation. Formatguidelines CSV CSV-Delimitedtextfileusedforstoringtabulardata. 5 CSVwilbeimplementedaccordingtoRFC7 1andistheoutputformatthatmostmodernlanguages implementforcsv. JSON 6 JSONwilbeimplementedaccordingtoRFC7159. Thisistheimplementationthatmostmodernlanguagesimplementfordataserialization/deserializationforJSON. JSONwilonlybeusedasaninterchangeformatandnotapersistenceformat. 4.htps:/ 5.htps:/tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7 1 6.htps:/tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7159.html 09

11 JSON-LDexample: Formatguidelines JSON-LD 7 JSON-LD (JavaScriptObjectNotationforLinked),isamethodofencoding linkeddatausingjson. { : { smartcity : }, id : sm35fba23aaac5dcebd5943d40e2fe9, datastream : [] Geo-JSON Geo-JSON isanopenstandardformatdesignedforrepresentingsimple geographicalfeatures,alongwiththeirnon-spatialatributes.itisbasedonjson. XML 8 9 XMLwilbeimplementedaccordingtoXML1.0Fifthedition. Thisistheimplementationthatmostmodernlanguagesimplement fordataserialization/deserializationforxml. XMLwilonlybeusedasaninterchangeformatandnotapersistence 10 format.xmlmediatypesshalbeconfiguredaccordingtorfc7303. Geo-JSONexample: { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ , ] } } ] } 10 7.htps:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON-LD 8.htps:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoJSON 9.htps:/ 10.htps:/tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7303

12 Formatguidelines Relationaldatabases Alrelationaldatabasesshalobservetheguidelinespresentedbelow. PrimaryKey Cannotbeamultipartfield. Mustcontainuniquevalues. Cannotcontainnulvalues. Itsvalueinnotoptionalinwholeorinpart. Itcomprisesaminimum numberoffieldsnecessarytodefineitsuniqueness. Itsvaluesmustuniquelyandexclusivelyidentifyeachrecordinthetable. Itsvaluemustexclusivelyidentifythevalueofeachrecordwithinagivenrecord. Itsvaluecanbemodifiedonlyinrareorextremecases. Eachtablemusthaveone,andonlyone,Primarykey. EachPrimaryKeywithinthedatabasemustbeunique,notwotablesshouldhavethesameprimarykeyunless oneofthem isasubsettable. ForeignKey HasthesamenameasthePrimaryKeyfrom whichitwascopied. Usesareplicaofthefieldspecificationsfortheprimarykeyfrom whichitwascopied. Drawsitsvaluesfrom theprimarykeytowhichitrefers. 11

13 Formatguidelines Relationaldatabases TableField Itrepresentsadistinctcharacteristicofthesubjectofthetable. Itcontainsonlyasinglevalue. Itcannotbedeconstructedintosmalercomponents. Itdoesnotcontainacalculatedorconcatenatedvalue. Itisuniquewithintheentiredatabasestructure. Itretainsthemajorityofitscharacteristicswhenitappearsinmorethanonetable. basefield Itrepresentsasinglesubject,whichcanbeanobjectorevent. IthasaPrimaryKey. Itdoesnotcontainmultipartormultivaluedfields. Itdoesnotcontaincalculatedfields. Itdoesnotcontainunnecessaryduplicatefields. Itcontainsonlyanabsoluteminimum amountofredundantdata. 1 SuggestedRDMS (RelationalbaseManagementSystems),innoparticularorder:MySql,MariaDB,PostgreSQL, Oracle,MicrosoftSQLServer.Relationaldatabasesshalbeusedonlyasapersistenceformat htps:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database_management_system

14 Colectionguidelines shalbetransformedfrom anyinitialformattoeithercsvorrelationaldatabase. Extrametadatashalbeadded,whereavailable-mostnotablythelocationwhereitwasmeasuredand uniqueequipmentid,whereavailable. Aggregationguidelines Primarily,datawilbestoredinitsraw format. From thisformat,morespecificviewsorsubsetswilbeextractedisso-caledworkingsets. Workingsetswilbeanonymized(ifneeded)andwilcontainonlythefieldsrelevanttotheintendeduseofthedataset. From eachdatasourceoneormoreworkingsetswilbegenerated. Workingsetextractionwilbeautomatedforeachdatasource.Thiswilenablegoodreactivityifanyofthe workingsetswilneedtoberegenerated(eitherbecauseofnew databeingaddedoracoruption oftheexistingworkingsets). 13

15 istorical&real-timedata 15 Historical 15 Real-timesensing 17 Value-addedservices(viaAI) 17 analytics (citydashboard) 19 Third-partyservice development

16 Historical&real-timedata Historical AldatashouldbestoredandoferedfordownloadviathepublicAPIand/orSFTP. Informationretrievalshouldsupporttime-slicing. Usersshouldbeabletodownloaddesiredhistoricalinformationfrom datextodatey. Historical&real-timedata Real-timesensing TheseareexamplesofimportantdatatobeprovidedviathepublicAPI. Signal Meaning type PhysicalMeasure SensorMobility Energy Consumption Water Consumption Air Quality Electrical float MWh Gas float MWh Pressure float Bars Chemicalcompounds float Nitrates PM 2.5,PM 10 int Micro-particlelevel NO2,NOx,SO2,benzen, CO,CO2,VOC int Grams fixed fixed fixed fixed fixed/mobile fixed/mobile NoiseLevel Soundlevel int db fixed/mobile 15

17 Historical&real-timedata Real-timesensing Signal Meaning type PhysicalMeasure SensorMobility Waste Colection Colected Processed int int Tons Tons fixed fixed VehicleTraffic Counter int N/A fixed PublicTransport Arivaldelay int Seconds fixed ParkingSpots Occupancy int Availability fixed FlashCrowds (duringpublicevents) Counter int Peoplecount fixed PublicSpaces Availability (congressrooms,freebedsinhospitals) Occupancy int Availability fixed 16

18 Value-addedservices(viaAI) analytics(citydashboard) HistoricalTrends&Analysis Measuredatvarioustimeintervals(hourly,daily,weekly,seasonaly,yearly) How airqualitychangesbasedonweatherconditions,seasonsandvehicletraffic. How doeswaterquality/pressurechangebasedonseasons,weatherandvariouspolutionincidents. Inwhatwayaggregatewastecolection/recyclingchangesbasedonweeklycycles,seasonsand/orlocalpolicies(prices/taxes) How doesthenoiselevelschangethroughthecitybasedonvehicletrafficandhouroftheday. Inwhatwayenergyconsumptionevolvesthroughthecitybasedonhouroftheday,outsideweatherandseasons. How doespublictransportwaitingtimechangesbasedonhourofthedayandweekday. How doescriminalityratechangethroughthecityandwithwhatitcorelatesto. Impactassessmentforcitymanagementactions(e.g.how airqualityhasimproved/degradedgiven trafficmanagementactions-alow/disalow heavyvehiclespoweredbydieselenginesincertainareas suchashistoricalcitycenter) 17

19 Value-addedservices(viaAI) analytics(citydashboard) Forecasting Predictairqualitygivenweatherforecastandhistoricaldata. Predictcommutetimeandtrafficqueuesgivenhistoricalpaternsandspecificstreetconditions. Predictpublicenergyconsumptiongivenweatherconditionsandhistoricalpaterns. Predicthumanmobilitypaterns(daily,seasonaly)forvariousurbansetups. Predictwastecolectionimprovementgivenadministrationrulesandhistoricaldata. Predictwaterpressureatsourcebasedonseasonaltrendsandinfluenceofweatherconditions. Improveschedulingforcommuting,dwelingandpublictransport.ArtificialInteligenceofers advancedoptimizationalgorithmstoimproveoveraltrafficscheduling. Corelatepowerfailureswithwithothermeasurementssuchasweatherconditionsandindustrial activities(e.g.ongoingconstruction-works) EventNotifications Sensorreadingsabovecertainthresholds(airpolution,vehicletraffic,peakenergy/waterconsumption,noiseetc.) Ahead-of-timefailurenotifications(e.g.pipes,cables,streetlights,etc.) Facerecognitionforsecurityconsiderations(e.g.detectcriminalactivities) Real-timehazardoussituationdetectionduringpublicevents(e.g.flash-crowddetectionviaWiFifingerprinting) 18

20 Value-addedservices(viaAI) analytics(citydashboard) Oncethedataisavailableprogrammaticaly,therealargenumberofpossibleservicesthatcanbebuiltontop. Herearesomeexamples: Resourceavailabilityandregistration(e.g.publicparkingspots,conferencerooms,municipalcounselor availability,publicevents,freebedsinhospital,etc.) Areal-timemapofongoingconstruction-work(e.g.closedstreetsorrestrictedvehicletraffic, infrastructuredowntime/maintenance-water/gas/electricity)andahead-of-timeplanningforsuchmaintenanceactivities. Suggesttrafficre-routingtoavoidpolutedareas. Neighborhoodevaluationforurbanplanning(public/privateconstructionwork,leisureactivities,etc.) InInstantfeedbacktoauthoritiesviamobileapplications(complaints,suggestions,alerts,etc.) Publicparticipationinbudgetplanning-citizenfeedback. Publicpoling-askcitizensforvariousdevelopmentscenarios. Inform citizensaboutpolicychanges(e.g.changingtaxes,publicevents,etc.) 19

21 IASIAI] [