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2 2 of 27 European Co-operation on GI - The User Perspective Erik Stubkjær Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University Nordisk GIS-konference, Aalborg, nov. 2002

3 3 of 27 Fire påstande: I EU-perspektiv forsvinder slutbrugeren Brugerundersøgelser er mildt sagt spinkle Tilgængelige data peger på ejendomsmarkedet Svag sammenhæng mellem fakta og konklusioner Og et spørgsmål: Hvad vil du gøre ved det?

4 4 of 27 Indledning: GIT og det gode samfund Teknologien, også GITeknologien, åbner utrolig mange nye muligheder Teknologien er spændende, fascinerende Hvordan påvirker teknologien samfundet? Får vi et bedre samfund?

5 5 of 27 Indledning: GIT og det gode samfund (2) Vi hører, at videnssamfundet (Lisbon Summit 23 and 24 March 2000) eller netværkssamfundet (Forskningsministeren, 2000) toner frem. 'Videnssamfund' betyder, at grundlaget for økonomisk vækst er viden, hvor det tidligere var jordbrug (agrarsamfundet), eller vareproduktion (industrisamfundet). Bliver det et bedre samfund for dig og mig?

6 6 of 27 Indledning: GIT og det gode samfund (3) Min tommelfingerregel: Teknologien er i sig selv indifferent Godt og dårligt kan kun 'måles' i forhold til mennesket og menneskelige relationer Mit spørgsmål: Hvordan beskrives relationen mellem GIT og (slut-)brugeren?

7 7 of 27 GI-diskussion og slutbruger: DK Virksomheder Partier Staten Politiske Borgere Interesse org. problemer LEC GeoForum Folketinget, Regeringen Ventelister Dig og mig KTC Ministerier (KMS, DMU, GEUS) Budgetter Kommuner Indvandrere Diskussion af Geografisk Information sker i sammenhæng med (slut-)brug af GI

8 8 of 27 GI-diskussion og slutbruger: EU Euro Virks. Kommitéer EU ministerråd Politiske Nat.l mynd. Erhvervs mv kommission problemer Konsulenter org.er SICAD Geomatics COWI/ Kampsax E.Geographics EUROGI OpenGIS JRC Ispra EUROSTAT COGI Diskussion af GI bliver oftest et selvstændigt emne Konkurrence (EU, US, JP) Vækst, jobskabelse Udvidelse COGI: Interservice Committee for Geographical Information, 1999-

9 9 of 27 Undersøgelser af brugerbehov (1/3) I. Introduction This report [Users needs for reference data, ETeMII Report 2.2.1] intends.. to tackle the users needs for reference data....the ETeMII objective is to enable better access to geographic information. The project approach starts from users need point of view and the identification of the main barriers restricting users access to GI....[2.2.1, Page 3]

10 10 of 27 Undersøgelser af brugerbehov (2/3) III. Reference data users requirements Stakeholders are users, data producers, data owners and GI service handlers. For a successful outcome, a European GI infrastructure must involve all of them... When the question, what do you need? is posed to a specific user, the answer is classically, what do you have?.. Nowadays, final users demand much higher data quality and better documentation; GI producers/owners.... [2.2.1, Page 5] Report sections: pricing, data quality, legal issues, multi-lingual diversity

11 11 of 27 Undersøgelser af brugerbehov (3/3) Technical report on reference data, ETeMII Report IX EXISTING SITUATION ON DATA AVAILABILITY, p. 10 IX.2. SURVEY OF INTERNATIONAL, TRANSBORDER AND EUROPEAN DATASETS, p. 55 XI.3. SURVEY OF THE MOST FREQUENT ONLINE REQUESTS USING GI AS INPUT, p. 59 XII USERS NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL INFORMATION, p. 63 (qual, consist, accuracy,..) XIII CONCLUSIONS The originality of this document consists of making an inventory of available reference data in the European member countries (except for Portugal and Spain..).

12 12 of 27 ETeMII White Paper, 2001, Annex C (1/3) The purpose of Annex C is to examine existing user requirements (or customer requirements ) as determined by a wide range of studies and reports from across Europe and the globe. The theory is that comparing the details contained in a sufficiently wide range of such studies will provide a good indication of what information components are needed for a useful set of reference data. However, to provide such an analysis has proved to be beyond the scope of this annex... due to the very large number of competing data requirements arising from GI user groups/sectors,... For some of these quite large user groups, an address alone is sufficient, as long as it can be related to a physical position on earth at some point! While for other users,...

13 13 of 27 ETeMII White Paper, 2001, Annex C (2/3) GIS framework report by Tomlinson Associates for Victoria in Australia (1993).. became a..beacon among the SDI proponents of countries across the globe. Study by Price Waterhouse consultants for ANZLIC (1995) provided the economic rationale and political impetus for the very successful Australian SDI Centre for Earth Observation (CEO) project, including one of the first user requirements studies (1995).. pan-european in scope due to the nature of the duties of EC officials GI BASE Final Report (1997) GISCO, User needs in Geographic Information Systems and data (2000) Eurostat. "CEO.....fails to ever identify even a basic list of specific types of GI"

14 14 of 27 ETeMII White Paper, 2001, Annex C (3/3) "The message contained in this annex is a simple one: Conducting further user requirements across the wide range of types of users of GI is not productive until or unless the entire exercise is conducted within an agreed analytical framework. Since the types of features and actions carried out by all types of users of GI will not have changed radically since many of the existing studies were completed ( /1999, e.g. 5-6 years ago), a most useful starting point could be a more detailed comparative analysis of the many (30+?) existing spatial data / GI users requirements studies that have already been concluded globally and across multiple sectors of the GI industry." [July 2001]

15 15 of 27 Hvad kan bruges? Idéen om Basisinformation (Reference Data) "If geodesy is the reference for the cartographer and the surveyor, the reference of the GI user is generally more closely related to the real world. It includes concrete themes, such as infrastructure - roads,.., or physical features - terrain elevation, hydrography, etc. It includes also less tangible features..: administrative boundaries, cadastral parcels, gazetteer, postal addresses, etc.... Therefore they may be considered as comprising a reference for the GI user -- the reference data (GSDI cookbook)." [2.2.1, page 4] Før man opfandt kort og GIS, brugte man stednavne (adresser): Vejnavne og ejendomsdata indgår i brugers dagligdag

16 16 of 27 ETeMII White Paper, 2001: Reference [Geo] Data Visible objects (direct referencing) Socio-economic units and identifiers (indirect referencing) OrtoImagery ('Landscape') Selected topographic themes: Transport Elevation Hydrography Geodetic framework Units of administration Units of property rights Addresses (place names, postcodes) Source: ETeMII Reference Data White paper, 31. July 2001, p 9 (Format modified)

17 17 of 27 Information i ETeMII White Paper: Geodata groups and their relative economic weight Visible objects: 33% Socio-economic Units: 29% Selected topographical themes: Transport: 5 Elevation: 7 Hydrography: 5 Other environmental: 16 Units of administration: 2 Units of property rights: 27 Addresses:? Geodetic framework: 4; Utilities 19; Maritime navigation: 15; Source: ANCLIZ Benefit Study, 1995, as quoted by ETeMII, 2001, Annex C Tilgængelig information udpeger ejendomsdata som et hovedområde

18 18 of 27 27%+!! - Hvorfor lægges så vægt på 'synlige objekter'? Nyttiggøre satellitdata, jfr Centre for Earth Observation (CEO) project Kortinstitutionerne (NMA) fokuserer på topografiske kort GI-diskussionen er engelsksproget, og præget af teknologi fra USA - Men dér har de har ingen matrikelmyndighed Kulturforskelle mellem GIS-folk (tværfaglige, GeoForum) og ejendomsfolk, men også Manglende evne/ vilje til at drage konklusioner af foreliggende fakta

19 19 of 27 Sammenfatning: Der ses ikke at foreligge nuancerede opgørelser af slutbrugers behov for GI Nærliggende konklusioner forbigås Mangfoldigheden af brugergrupper og deres forskellige anvendelser rejser spørgsmålet: Er det meningsfuldt at diskutere Geografisk Information generelt? Geografisk Information bør diskuteres faggruppevis; jfr 'Information Communities' GIS-teknologi kan diskuteres som nu.

20 20 of 27 Sammenfatning og mit spørgsmål: Der er bestræbelser igang på at "create a European Spatial Data Infrastructure (ESDI)." "The ESDI encompasses the broad policy, organisational, technical and financial arrangements necessary to support access to spatial (geographic) information. It is seen by many as central to the response to the challenge of sustainable development. It benefits many stakeholders - government and non-government organisations, education and research institutions, the commercial sector, the community at large- at the national, regional and global level." Kan du høre væverne sige: "Hvor mageløst! Det er kun de utilladeligt dumme, der ikke kan forstå det"

21 21 of 27 ESDI mm bliver oversolgt; Hvad vil du gøre ved det? Mappebærer?

22 22 of 27 Hvilken rolle vil du spille? Mappebærer? Tavs tilskuer?

23 23 of 27 Hvilken rolle vil du spille? Mappebærer? Tavs tilskuer? Bedrager?

24 24 of 27 Eller tør du være med til at sige: "Hvorfor? Det er bar' snak!"

25 25 of 27 COGI - what we did not do Update of the document The user needs of the services of the Commission.. Anette Björnsson, GISCO, Eurostat 18mar02.pdf - anette.bjoernsson@cec.eu.int

26 26 of 27 COGI members EUROSTAT (Chair) INFSO, Information Society DG ENV, Environment DG REGIO, Regional Policy DG RDT, Research DG JRC, Joint Research Centre EEA, European Environment Agency

27 27 of 27 Massimo Rumor, Brugerrepræsentant, marts 2002: Suggestions ACTORS TO INVOLVE ETeMII identified the crucial role of local authorities as users and providers of reference data There is a need to have a major involvement of local authorities therefore to direct actions towards them (doesn t mean EU in direct contact with Local Authorities) Where did ETeMII identify? In annex. Relative importance?