Mikroplast i miljøet. Effekt på mennesker. IDA Miljø Ingeniørhuset i København, 27. november 2015 Seniorforsker Dr. Pharm., Ph.D, Vagn Handlos
Education: Kort CV. June 1969 Cand. Pharm. From the Royal Danish School of Pharmacy. November 1974. Ph.d. in pharmacy. Theses: Radiation crosslinking of polyethylene. September 1986. Dr. pharm.. Theses. Technical aspects of gas sterilisation of medical devices. Appointments: 69-70 Private in the Danish army. 70-73 PhD. student at the Royal Danish School of pharmacy (RDSP) 73-76 Assoc. professor at RDSP 76-79 Senior research fellow at RDSP 79-87 Assoc. professor at the RDSP and research chemist at the Risoe National Laboratory 87-96 Director of the Rigshospitalet Pharmacy 96-2005 Director of the H:S Pharmacy 1990-2012 Assigned professor at Royal Danish School of Pharmacy 2005- Senior Scientist at the H:S Pharmacy and Capital Region Pharmacy
Others: 81-92 Chairman of the national Danish autoclave standardization committee 83-96 Member of the Ph. Eur. Expert group on plastic materials and containers 85-88 Member of the Danish Technical Research Council, Chemistry commission. 89-92 Delegate to the EU Advisory Committee on Pharmaceutical Training, Bruxelles 89-95 Chairman of the Danish Pharmaceutical Society 86- Member of the Danish Pharmacopoeia Commission 95-99 Chairman of the Assoc. of Danish hospital pharmacy directors. 2005 2012 Director of Education, Science and Research. European Association of Hospital Pharmacists, Bruxelles. (www.eahp.eu) 2008- Chairman of work group 16, European Pharmacopoia Commission. Strasbourg. (Plastic materials and Containers) 2008- Member of the Working Party on the Quality of Pharmacy Preparations under the Committee of experts on quality and safety standards in pharmaceutical care. European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and Health Care (EDQM), Strasbourg.
Er en plast I kontakt med organismen sikker at anvende. Evaluering: Kvalitativ sammensætning af plasten Polymer og additiver (bredt defineret) Leachabels og extractabels Eksponering af organismen Acceptable Daily Intake Mikroplast i et vandigt miljø: Danaekspeditionen
Mikroplast i et vandigt miljø: DANA ekspeditionen angivelse af størrelse og antal plastpartikler: Over alle målinger i havet var der fra 13 501 partikler pr. m 3 Største samlede volumen af partikler var fra 50-80 µm 1 partikel på 50 µm vejer ca. 500 ng Teoretisk daglig indtagelse: Yderst ringe
Plast - plastik
Er plast giftigt? Den højmolekylære del af plasten tåles i vid udstrækning af organismer herunder os selv. Tekstiler af polyester som tøj Hofteproteser af PE Intraokulære linser af PMMA Problemet er additiver andre lavmolekylære stoffer i og på plasten
Polyvinyl chlorid (PVC)
Polymerisation i disperse systemer Emulsionspolymerisation Udstyr: Additiver: Homogen fase: Vand Peroxid (benzoylperoxid) Dispers fase: Monomer (vinyl chlorid) Peroxid Laurylperoxid til vinylklorid (PVC)
Blodposen af blødgjort PVC
Blød PVC til f.eks. blodposer PVC Polymer 100 dele (61%) Diethylhexylphtalat 60 dele (37%) Epoxideret sojaolie Ca- Zn Stearat Paraffinolie 3 dele 0,5 dele 1 del
DEHP migration from PVC to blood plasma, Gerlai et al, Chromatographia vol 24, 403-6
REACH - Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) Liste over stoffer der skal have godkendelse/udfases DEHP på listen juni 2009 identified as Substances of Very High Concern (toxic for reproduction, category 2 Sunset dato februar 2015 For producenter der ikke har søgt om godkendelse til brug Mærkning med risiko for kræftfremkaldende effekt >0,1 % W/W indhold
Blødgørere der er i fokus som alternativer til DEHP i blodposer TOTM BTHC DOTP DINC Tris (2-Ethylhexyl) Trimellitate Butyryl trihexyl citrate (BTHC) Dioctyl Terephthalate 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester Tris (2-Ethylhexyl) Trimellitate
Polykondensation. Polycarbonat Bisphenol A Polyethylen terephthalat
Akrylat familien PMMA og PHEMA Poly hydroxy ----- Poly methyl methacrylat
PMMA intraokulære linser
Mikroplast i det aquatiske miljø er, som direkte og generel forurening, næppe et toxikologisk problem for mennesker.