Velkommen til Danmark! Velkommen til Randers! (Welcome to Denmark! Welcome to Randers!) This is a guide to help you through the first weeks in Denmark. It gives you some clues as to how to get started with this weird language of ours Danish. You ll probably need some help when it comes to pronunciation, one of the biggest challenges for foreigners trying to learn Danish! Here is where you ll find what: Hilsner (Greetings) Side (page) 1 Præsentation & oprindelse (Presentation & Origin) Side (page) 2 Professioner (Professions) Side (page) 4 Lidt grammatik (A Little Bit of Grammar) Side (page) 5 Hverdagsudtryk (Everyday Phrases) Side (page) 6 Mad og retter (Food and Dishes) Side (page) 7 Mælkeprodukter, frugt & bær (Dairies, Fruit & Berries) Side (page) 8 Måltider (Meals) Side (page) 9 Vejret (The Weather) Side (page) 10 Ugedage og tal (Days of the Week and Numbers) Side (page) 11 Klokkeslæt (The Hour) Side (page) 12 Skoleskema (Time Schedule) Side (page) 13 Transportmidler (Means of Transport) Side (page) 14 Huset: Rum, redskaber, møbler mm. (The House: Rooms, utensils furniture etc.) Side (page)15 At the bottom of each page it says Øv dig (Practice ) - that means that you should get your host family to practice with you
[1] Hilsner (Greetings) Danes are in general very informal and this is of course reflected in our language. When we meet, we usually say A. Hej = Hi Hvordan går det? (How are you?) and to answer: B. Det går fint, tak (I m fine, thanks) Det går okay, tak (I m okay, thanks) Det går ikke så godt (I m not too well) Hvad med dig? (What about you?) and when we leave: C. Hej, hej (See you used all the time) Farvel (Goodbye not used very often) When you get up in the morning, you ll be greeted by D. Godmorgen (Good morning) Har du sovet godt? (Did you sleep well?) Ja tak, hvad med dig? (Yes thank you, what about you?) Other useful phrases E. Jeg har ondt i hovedet / maven (I ve got a stomach / head ache) Vil du ringe til lægen? (Would you call the doctor?) Må jeg bruge computeren? (Can I use the computer?) Brug sætningerne i A-E til at lave små samtaler med din værtsfamilie.
[2] (Use the phrases in section A-E to make small conversations with your host family) Præsentation & oprindelse Præsentation (Presentation) Jeg hedder (My name is ) Jeg er fra (I m from ) Hvad hedder du? (What s your name?) Hvor er du fra? (Where are you from) Hyggeligt at møde dig (Nice to meet you) I lige måde (Same to you) (Presentation & Origin) Forskellige nationaliteter (different nationalities) Eksempel (example): Er du dansker eller lette? (Are you Danish or Latvian?) Jeg er lette (I m Latvian) Jeg er fra Letland (I m from Latvia) Spanien / USA Er du spanier eller amerikaner? Jeg er Jeg er fra Italien / Spanien Er Luis italiener eller spanier? Luis er Luis er fra England / Rusland Er du englænder eller russer? Danmark / Mexico Er Maria dansker eller mexicaner?
[3] Frankrig / Tyskland Er Wolf franskmand eller tysker? Sverige / Danmark Es Mette svensker eller dansker? Norge / Sverige Er Lotta nordmand eller svensker? Chile / Holland Er Paula chilener eller hollænder? Frankrig / Polen Er Pawel franskmand eller polak? Irland / Italien Er Bill irlænder eller italiener? Holland / Chile Er Geert hollænder eller chilener? England / USA Er Daniel englænder eller amerikaner?
[4] Professioner (Professions) Hvad laver du? (What do you do?) Jeg er (I m a ) NB! Please note that we don t use the article a in Danish in when talking about professions) studerende læge tjener sygeplejerske fodboldspiller sekretær skuespiller postbud statsminister lærer tandlæge Brug ordene fra kassen til at spørge og svare (Use the words in the box to ask and answer)
[5] Lidt Grammatik (A Little Bit of Grammar) VERBS When it comes to conjugation of verbs, Danish grammar is quite simple. Don t worry about whom you re talking to or about the verbs are the same no matter what. Some of the verbs are, of course, irregular in past tense and other tenses but they re still the same all the way down the conjugation system: With regular verbs, we simply add an r at the end of the infinitive (cp. to come below) At være (to be) (irregular) At komme (to come) (regular in present tense) jeg er I am jeg kommer I come du er you are du kommer you come han/hun/den/det er he/she/it is han/hun/den/det kommer he/she/it comes vi er we are vi kommer we come I er you are I kommer you come de er they are de kommer they come Flere verber (more verbs) At ville (to want) (irregular: In present tense it s vil. Often used with gerne: Jeg vil gerne = I would like to) At hedde (to be called) At spise (to eat) At drikke (to drink) At snakke (to talk) At arbejde (to work) Hvor arbejder du? (Where do you work?) At give (to give) NB! Irregular in past tense gav At blive (to become) NB! Irregular in past tense blev At lave (to do) At gå (to go) NB! Irregular in past tense gik Bøj verberne fra listen i nutid (Conjugate the verbs from the list in present tense)
[6] Hverdagsudtryk (Everyday Phrases) In Danish we don t have the equivalent of please. Instead, we use tak (thanks /thank you) to indicate politeness. Below you ll find some useful everyday terms and phrases to get you started in Danish. Feel free to ask your host family for more and add them on the lines below. Skal jeg hjælpe? (Would you like me to help?) Ja tak / Nej tak (Yes please / No thank you) Skal jeg dække bord? (Should I lay the table?) Ja tak / Nej tak (Yes please / No thank you) Må jeg bede om (Pass me the., please) Værsgo (Here you are) Tak, mange tak, tak skal du have (Thank you) Skal jeg tage af bordet? (Should I clear the table?) Ja tak / Nej tak (Yes please / No thank you) Tak for mad (Literally translated =Thank you for the food. This phrase is used by the end of any meal and should be directed to either the host or the chef. It is considered impolite not to say Tak for mad, so don t forget!) Skal jeg sætte i opvaskemaskinen? (Should I fill the dish washer?) Vil du hjælpe mig med at? (Would you help me?) Hvor skal jeg lægge mit vasketøj? (Where do I put my laundry?) Dine udtryk (Your expressions) Brug sætningerne ovenfor til at lave små samtaler med din værtsfamilie. (Use the phrases above to make small conversations with your host family.)
[7] Mad og retter (Food and Dishes) The Danish cuisine is difficult to describe in a few words but traditional, Danish food tends to rely quite heavily on potatoes, pork and poultry, especially chicken. Nowadays, however, more vegetables have sneaked their way into the Danish kitchens. Below you ll find a list of some of the most common ingredients used in everyday, Danish cooking. Kartoffel / kartofler Pasta Ris Sauce Hakket svinekød (minced pork) Frikadeller (meat balls) Hakket oksekød (minced beef) Spaghetti med kødsovs (spaghetti Bolognese) Kylling Fisk Løg Hvidløg Gulerod /gulerødder Blomkål Champignon Porre / porrer Tomat / tomater Agurk / agurker Spegepølse Leverpostej
[8] Mælkeprodukter, frugt & bær (Dairies, Fruit & Berries) Denmark is a country of dairies and you ll soon notice that Danes in general eat lots of different dairy products. Also, you ll definitely be introduced to the Danish rye bread (rugbrød). Below you ll find some of the most common dairy products, berries and fruits: Smør (butter) Ost Mælk - skummetmælk - minimælk - millemælk - letmælk - sødmælk - kærnemælk Yoghurt /tykmælk Jordbær Hindbær Æble / æbler Pære / pærer Appelsin /appelsiner Ananas Blomme / blommer Vindrue / vindruer
[9] Måltider (Meals) Like most other people, the Danes have three main meals: Morgenmad (breakfast): In the morning Frokost (lunch): Usually around 11.30 13.00 Aftensmad (supper/dinner): Usually around 18.00 19.00 Below you ll find some useful terms and phrases that have got to do with meals: Hvad spiser du til morgenmad? (What do you eat for breakfast?) Til morgenmad spiser jeg (For breakfast I eat ) Hvad spiser du til frokost? (What do you eat for lunch?) Til frokost spiser jeg (For lunch I eat ) Hvad skal vi have til aftensmad? (What s for dinner?) Vi skal have (We re having ) Kan du lide? (Do you like?) Ja, det kan jeg godt / Nej, det kan jeg ikke (Yes, I do / No, I don t) Brug de foregående sider og sætningerne ovenfor til at lave små samtaler med din værtsfamilie. (Use the previous pages and the phrases above to make small conversations with your host family)
[10] Vejret (The Weather) As most other people, Danes often talk about the weather. One thing is certain about the weather in Denmark: You never know what it s going to be like! Below you ll find some of the most common verbs and expressions to describe and talk about the weather. Hvordan er vejret i dag? (What s the weather like today?) Det er dejligt vejr (The weather is nice) Det er dårligt vejr (The weather is bad) Solen skinner (The sun is shining) Det blæser (It s windy) Det regner (It s raining) Det er tåget (It s foggy) Det er varmt (It s hot) Det hagler (It s hailing) Det er koldt (It s cold) Det sner (It s snowing)
[11] Ugedage og tal (Days of the Week and Numbers) Ugedage (Days of the week) mandag (Monday) tirsdag (Tuesday) onsdag (Wednesday) fredag (Friday) lørdag (Saturday) søndag (Sunday) torsdag (Thursday) På mandag (On Monday this coming Monday) Hvad skal du lave på mandag? (What are you doing on Monday?) På mandag skal jeg arbejde (On Monday I m working) Om mandagen (On Mondays general activity) Hvad laver du om onsdagen? (What do you do on Mondays?) Om onsdagen spiller jeg fodbold (On Mondays I play football) Spørg og svar som i eksemplerne. Brug eventuelt verberne på side 5 eller spørg din værtsfamilie! (Ask and answer as in the examples. You may want to use the verbs on page 5 or ask your host family!) Tal (Numbers) 1 en 11 elleve 30 tredive 2 to 12 tolv 40 fyrre 3 tre 13 tretten 50 halvtreds 4 fire 14 fjorten 60 tres 5 fem 15 femten 70 halvfjerds 6 seks 16 seksten 80 firs 7 syv 17 sytten 90 halvfems 8 otte 18 atten 100 hundrede 9 ni 19 nitten 1000 tusind 10 ti 20 tyve 10.000 titusind
[12] Klokkeslæt (The Hour) Hvad er klokken? (What time is it?) Klokken er (It s.. ) Hvornår skal vi mødes? (What time do we meet?) Skal vi sige klokken? (How about?) Hvornår skal du møde i dag? (What time do you start today?) Jeg skal møde klokken (I start ) Hvornår starter filmen? (What time does the film start?) Klokken (At ) Hvor længe skal du lave lektier? (For how long do you have to do your homework?) I tre timer og jeg starter klokken (For three hours and I ll start at ) Klokken er Fem minutter i Kvarter i Tyve minutter i Fem minutter over halv Klokken er halv Fem minutter over Kvarter over Tyve minutter over Fem minutter i halv Brug uret og tidsangivelserne nedenfor til at øve dig: Hvad er klokken? Den er Use the clock and the time indications below to practice: What time is it? It s 14.45 17.10 13.30 22.35 20.55 8.00 18.30 10.25 15.05 12.20
Skoleskema (Time schedule) [13] Klokken Mandag Tirsdag Onsdag Torsdag Fredag 07.55 08.40 Matematik (Mathematics) Matematik (Mathematics) Kemi (Chemistry) Matematik (Mathematics) 08.45 09.30 Matematik (Mathematics) Matematik (Mathematics) Engelsk (English) 09.45 10.30 Historie (History) Dansk (Danish) Fysik (Physics) Fysik (Physics) Engelsk (English) 10.35 11.20 Historie (History) Dansk (Danish) Fysik (Physics) Fysik (Physics) Dansk (Danish) 11.50 12.35 Engelsk (English) Idræt (PE) Spansk (Spanish) Biologi (Biology) Dansk (Danish) 12.40 13.25 Engelsk (English) Idræt (PE) Spansk (Spanish) Biologi (Biology) Spansk (Spanish) 13.35 14.20 Biologi (Biology) Kemi (Chemistry) Biologi (Biology) Historie (History) 14.25 15.10 Biologi (Biology) Kemi (Chemistry) Andre fag (Other subjects) Filosofi (Philosophy) Mediefag (Media) Musik (Music) Oldtidskundskab (Classical civilisation) Psykologi (Psychology) Samfundsfag (Political Science) Tysk (German) Brug de forskellige udtryk på de foregående sider og skemaet ovenfor sammen med forskellige tidsangivelser. (Use the different expressions and the time schedule together with different indications of time.) Hvornår har du matematik? Jeg har matematik om tirsdagen klokken 07.55 09.30. Har du matematik på andre dage? Ja, jeg har også matematik om onsdagen klokken og om fredagen klokken (When do you have mathematics? I have mathematics on Tuesdays at 07.55 09.30. Do you have mathematics on other days? Yes, I also have mathematics on Wednesdays at and on Fridays at )
[14] Transportmidler (Means of Transport) Most Danes own a bicycle and use it quite often. Other means of transport are of course cars, trains and buses. In Danish we use the verb at tage (to take) or at køre (to drive) about means of transport. The only exception is when no other means of transport than your legs are being used in that case we use the verb at gå (to walk). Please note that we use different prepositions depending on the means of transport. Hvordan kommer du på arbejde / i skole? (How do you get to work / school?) Jeg går Jeg tager cyklen bussen / Jeg kører på cykel Jeg tager toget / Jeg kører med bus bilen / Jeg kører med tog / Jeg kører i bil
[15] Huset: Rum, redskaber, møbler mm. (The House: Rooms, utensils, furniture etc.) Below you ll find a list of some useful words around the house. The list is in alphabetical order according to the English word. The gender of the Danish word is indicated by the indefinite article in brackets. Feel free to add more words in the empty spaces. English Dansk English Dansk Armchair Lænestol (en) Laundry basket Vasketøjskurv (en) Bathroom Badeværelse (et) Living room Stue (en) Bed Seng (en) Mug Krus (et) Bedroom Soveværelse (et) Room Værelse (et) Bin Skraldespand (en) Pillowcase Pudebetræk (et) Bookcase Reol (en) Plate Tallerken (en) Bowl / dish Skål (en) Printer Printer (en) Candle Stearinlys (et) Radio Radio (en) Carpet Gulvtæppe (et) Saucepan Gryde (en) Ceiling Loft (et) Napkin Serviet (en) Chair Stol (en) Sink Vask (en) Chest of drawers Kommode (en) Sheet (for bed) Lagen (et) Computer Computer (en) Shower Brusebad (et) Cup Kop (en) Sofa Sofa (en) Desk Skrivebord (et) Soap Sæbe (en) Dining table Spisebord (et) Spoon Ske (en) Dish washer Opvaskemaskine (en) Table Bord (et) Door Dør (en) Teaspoon Teske (en) Downstairs Nedenunder Telephone Telefon (en) Duvet cover Dynebetræk (et) Television Fjernsyn (et) Floor Gulv (et) Toothbrush Tandbørste (en) Fork Gaffel (en) Toothpaste Tandpasta (en) Fridge Køleskab (et) Toilet Toilet (et) Frying pan Pande (en) Toilet paper Toiletpapir (et) Garden Have (en) Towel Håndklæde (et) Glass Glas (et) Upstairs Ovenpå Hallway Gang (en) Wall Væg (en) Kitchen Køkken (et) Wardrobe (Klæde)skab (et) Knife Kniv (en) Washing machine Vaskemaskine (en) Lamp Lampe (en) Window Vindue (et)