Neuroplasticitet og Neurorehabilitering Jens Bo Nielsen Department of Physical Exercise and Sport Science & Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Panum Københavns Universitet E-mail: J.B.Nielsen@mfi.ku.dk Center for Research in Spasticity and Neurorehabilitation Purpose: Coordination of research activities in danish laboratories devoted to research in Spasticity and Neurorehabilitation By: 1) Facilitate transfer of knowledge from basic neurobiology to clinic 2) Facilitate development of new evaluation and rehabilitation techniques with a neuroscientific basis
Once development is complete, the sources of growth and regeneration of axons and dendrites are irretrievably lost. In the adult brain the nerve paths are fixed and immutable: everything can die, nothing can be regenerated. Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) Synaptic plasticity
1 1 left_foot < < left_foot < < SPMmip [-8.83459e-016, -14.428, 77.8897] < SPM{T 138 } 50 100 contrast(s) SPMmip [-8.28778e-016, -13.535, 68.1299] < SPM{T 138 } 50 100 contrast(s) 150 150 SPMresults:G:\fmri_sci\an_data\f4814 Height threshold T = 3.150339 {p<0.001 (unc.)} Extent threshold k = 0 voxels 200 20 40 60 80 Design matrix SPMresults:G:\fmri_sci\an_data\f4814 Height threshold T = 1.655970 {p<0.05 (unc.)} Extent threshold k = 0 voxels 200 20 40 60 80 Design matrix 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 will we end up with Gall Phrenology all over again?
The multiwired brain What's really cool is that they've done fmri (functional magnetic resonance imaging) studies of musicians while they are improvising, like in jazz. Their entire brain lights up, with random connections going to before uncharted areas of brain real estate. Very Cool!!
af Klint, Grey, SInkjær, Nielsen J Physiol 2008 Neuroplasticity map changes, some examples Michael Merzenich Paul Bach-Y-Rita Vilanyanur Ramachandran Mark Hallett
The sensory and motor homunculi illustrate the amount of cortical area devoted to a particular function Cortical map plasticity: the Merzenich experiments in somotosensory cortex Merzenich et al. J Comp Neurol, 1984
Cortical map plasticity: the Merzenich experiments in somotosensory cortex Allard et al. J Neurophyiol, 1991 Cortical map plasticity: the Merzenich experiments in somotosensory cortex Jenkins et al. J Neurophyiol, 1990
Jeffrey Kleim et al.
Training of 5 finger sequence and mapping of motor cortex 5 days training 5 weeks training - 2 different phenomena 5 days training - motor vs. Mental training
Larger corticospinal and interhemispheric connections in children playing the piano Bengtsson et al. Nat Neurosci. 2005 Sep;8(9):1148-50 It takes time to become an expert
Vores hjerne skrumper når den ikke bliver brugt Lundbye-Jensen & Nielsen 2009
No change in cortical representation with passive movement or non-skill training Donald Hebb 1904-1985 Fire together- wire together Perez et al Exp Brain Res. 2004 Lundbye-Jensen, Leukel & Nielsen 2009
What happens if you train different tasks immediately after each other? Lundbye-Jensen, Petersen & Nielsen - in progress
Some of the effects of exercise on the brain are mediated by Brain-Derived Neutrophic Factor (BDNF)
Exercise in combination with DHA (omega-3) boosts learning -at least in rodents + = Gomez-Pinilla 2008 Neuroplasticity-based principles of neurorehabilitation Continuous training (it takes 10.000 hours to be as good as possible) Motivation: Training should be challenging and if possible fun (but not all agree on what is challenging etc., so individualize) Attention and active participation. Experience of succes i.e. Simple, (preferably) immediate and understandable reward! Consider possible interference effects Close relationship between nutrition, cognition, exercise and emotions. So: Think of the whole person. And remember to sleep well!
Move It To Improve It Virtuelt web træningssystem Formålet med at anvende computerbaseret web-træning er at: 1. øge synergieffekten ved at træne opmærksomhed, hukommelse og motorik samtidigt. 2. motivere til hjemmetræning, der kan fungere sammen med de offentlige tilbud. 3. opnå en mere intensiv træning ved daglige rutiner og praksis.
Read more in: which can be bought at: http://www.hjerneforum.dk/ Jens Bo Nielsen Institut for Idræt & Institut for Neurovidenskab og Farmakologi Panum Københavns Universitet
Changes in central organization occur throughout life in response to normal and abnormal experience Development & Learning Changes in central organization occur throughout life in response to normal and abnormal experience Reorganization after sensory loss Rehabilitation
Spasticitet og neurorehabilitering Jens Bo Nielsen Department of Physical Exercise and Sport Science & Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Panum Københavns Universitet E-mail: J.B.Nielsen@mfi.ku.dk en i neurorehabiliteringsforskning at skabe meningsfuld og bru Meget nemmere sagt end gjort Vi har brug for objektive kvantitative fysiologiske mål der på den ene side entydigt afspejler skaden på neurale kredsløb og på den anden side har funktionel relevans for patientens livskvalitet Forsker Hvilket spørgsmål giver forskningsmæssig mening? Behandler Hvad er det klinisk relevante problem? Hvad er problemet for patienten? Patient
Center for Research in Spasticity and Neurorehabilitation Purpose: Coordination of research activities in danish laboratories devoted to research in Spasticity and Neurorehabilitation By: 1) Facilitate transfer of knowledge from basic neurobiology to clinic 2) Facilitate development of new evaluation and rehabilitation techniques with a neuroscientific basis Lidelser i bevægeapparatet (frakturer, gigt, slidgigt etc.) antal stort, men sjældent alvorligere handikap Lidelser i CNS Apopleksi (12.000 pr år stigende 50 % varigt mén) Hjernetraumer (100-200 pr år) MS (150-200 pr år) Parkinsons sygdom (100-200 pr år) Rygmarvslæsion (100-150 pr år) Cerebral parese o.lign. (125 pr år)
Virkningen af proteinsyntesehæmmer på hukommelse Brashers-Krug & Shadmehr, Nat