Aktivitetsmæssig retfærdighed. på et dansk asylcenter - en kvalitativ undersøgelse

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1 Aktivitetsmæssig retfærdighed på et dansk asylcenter - en kvalitativ undersøgelse University College Nordjylland Ergoterapeutuddannelsen E12V 7. Semester Modul 14 Opgavens art: Bachelorprojekt. Afleveringsdato: 5. juni Omfang inkl. mellemrum: Intern vejleder: Sanne Heidemann- Lehmann. Forfatterne: Andrea Bubic, Maiken Kunnerup Nielsen, Marie Brund, Mikael Karlsen & Dzenita Bajic. Denne opgave - eller dele heraf - må kun offentliggøres med forfatter(ne)s tilladelse jf. Bekendtgørelse af lov om ophavsret nr. 202 af

2 Læsevejledning I dette projekt er der udarbejdet en læsevejledning for at gøre projektet læsevenligt. Der anvendes forkortelser, som ifølge ordbøger er anerkendte. Disse er: ift., bl.a., vha., mht. og hhv. Forfattere og modeller skrives første gang ved deres fulde navn, hvorefter de benævnes ved efternavn og forkortelser. De anvendte citater i projektet er skrevet i kursiv og i anførselstegn. Når passager fra sætninger inddrages samt når sætninger sættes sammen, angives de som ( ). Bilag indgår sidst i projektet og henvisninger til disse findes i teksten. Bilagene har særskilt nummerering. Projektets målgruppe har tre benævnelser. Når målgruppen omtales generelt, benævnes de som asylansøgere. De tre personer, som indgår i undersøgelsen, betegnes som informanter. De øvrige asylansøgere på det gældende asylcenter betegnes som beboere. Når der i projektet anvendes betegnelsen forskere, er det en reference til projektets forfattere. Andrea Bubic Dzenita Bajic Maiken Kunnerup Nielsen Marie Brund Mikael Karlsen 1

3 Resumè Titel: Aktivitetsmæssig retfærdighed på et dansk asylcenter. Problembaggrund: De seneste år er tilstrømningen af asylansøgere til Danmark steget. Asylansøgerne opholder sig på de danske asylcentre på ubestemt tid, mens deres asylsag behandles. Tidligere studier viser, at denne ventetid påvirker asylansøgerne fysisk samt psykisk. Ud fra et ergoterapeutisk perspektiv er ventetiden en bekymring, da dette kan have en indvirkning på menneskets sundhed og trivsel. Ifølge Ann-Lee Morvilles PhD-studie falder asylansøgernes ADLevne efter ankomsten til Danmark, derfor vil dette projekt undersøge om dette fald kan skyldes de omgivelsesmæssige faktorer, og dermed oplevelsen af Occupational Deprivation. Problemformulering: Hvilke omgivelsesmæssige faktorer har betydning for oplevelsen af Occupational Deprivation hos asylansøgere på et dansk asylcenter? Metode og materialer: Projektet tager udgangspunkt i en kvalitativ undersøgelse, hvor cultural probes samt semistruktureret interviews anvendes til indsamling af data. Resultat: Projektets resultater viser, at de fysiske omgivelser påvirker informanternes muligheder for at deltage i betydningsfulde aktiviteter. Samtidig spiller de sociale omgivelser en betydelig rolle for informanternes hverdag på centeret. De kulturelle skel og sprogbarrierer er, ifølge informanterne, de største udfordringer ift. muligheden for at skabe nye relationer samt deltage i betydningsfulde aktiviteter. Alle tre informanter giver udtryk for, at de er motiveret for at udføre joblignende aktiviteter, men er begrænset i dette. Konklusion: De fysiske, sociale, kulturelle og institutionelle omgivelser forhindrer informanterne i deltagelse i betydningsfulde aktiviteter, og derved skabes en oplevelse af Occupational Deprivation. Det konkluderes endvidere, at oplevelsen af Occupational Deprivation ikke endeligt kan fjernes, uden at det lovmæssigt bliver muligt for informanterne at arbejde i Danmark, på lige vilkår med danskere. Perspektivering: Occupational Injustice med de underliggende begreber, Imbalance, Marginalization og Alienation, kunne i fremtidige studier inddrages, for at bidrage til et mere nuanceret billede af informanternes situation. Samtidig kunne der med fordel laves undersøgelser af 2

4 flere asylcentre i Danmark, og derved afdække, hvorvidt de institutionelle omgivelser generelt påvirker asylansøgernes hverdag. Emneord: Occupational Deprivation, asylansøgere, aktivitet, omgivelser og ergoterapi. 3

5 Abstract Title of study: Occupational Justice in a Danish asylum center. Background: The influx of asylum-seekers to Denmark has increased in recent years. Asylumseekers live in Danish asylum centres for an indefinite period their while applications are being processed. Previous studies have showed that this waiting period affects asylum seekers physically and mentally. From an occupational therapy perspective this waiting period concerns and might have an impact on human health and wellbeing. According to Ann-Lee Morvilles Ph.D. study the asylum-seekers ADL-ability is reduced after arriving to Denmark. This thesis will examine whether this decline may be due to environmental factors and therefore the experience of the Occupational Deprivation. Problem statement: Which environmental factors affect the experience of Occupational Deprivation of asylum-seekers in a Danish asylum center? Methods and Materials: The thesis is based on a qualitative study where cultural probes and semistructured interviews are used for data collection. Results: Results show that the physical environment affects the informants' opportunities to participate in meaningful occupations. At the same time the social environment is important for the informants' everyday life at the center. According to the informants the cultural boundaries and language barriers are the main challenges in relation to their ability to form new relationships and participate in meaningful occupations. All three informants express their motivation to perform work-related occupations, but are limited in doing so. Conclusion: The physical, social, cultural and institutional environment prevents the informants in participation in meaningful occupations creating an experience of Occupational Deprivation. Furthermore the thesis concludes that the experience of the Occupational Deprivation cannot be ultimately removed without legally allowing informants to work in Denmark on equal terms with Danish citizens. Perspective: Occupational Injustice with the four outcomes, Imbalance, Marginalization and Alienation, could be examined in future studies, contributing to a more nuanced picture of the 4

6 informants' situation. At the same time several asylum centers in Denmark could be examined and thereby identify whether the institutional environment affects asylum-seekers in general. Keywords: Occupational Deprivation, asylum-seekers, activity, environment and Occupational Therapy. 5

7 Indholdsfortegnelse 1. Problembaggrund Problemformulering Begrebsafklaring Teori Occupational Deprivation Canadian Model of Performance and Engagement Metode Videnskabsteoretisk grundlag Hermeneutik Fænomenologi Den hermeneutiske/fænomenologiske tilgang Metodevalg Den kvalitative metode Cultural probes Semistruktureret interview Litteratursøgning Dataindsamling Informanter Metodeudførelse Cultural probes Semistruktureret interview Transskription Etiske overvejelser Analyse af data Trin Trin Trin Trin Analyse Fysiske omgivelser Teoretisk fortolkning ift. de fysiske omgivelser Sociale omgivelser

8 4.2.1 Teoretisk fortolkning ift. de sociale omgivelser Kulturelle omgivelser Teoretisk fortolkning ift. de kulturelle omgivelser Institutionelle omgivelser Teoretisk fortolkning ift. de institutionelle omgivelser Diskussion Teori Resultater Geografisk isolation Betydningsfulde aktiviteter Forskelle i informanternes situation Metode Intern validitet Udvælgelse af informanter Dataindsamling Transskription af interviews Analyse Ekstern validitet Konklusion Perspektivering...41 References...43 Bilagsliste

9 I always always, I want to escape from the the time in this center or in this state or this country I escape in my mind - se bilag 6, linje

10 1. Problembaggrund Begrebet Occupational Deprivation blev første gang introduceret af Ann Wilcock i ergoterapeutisk litteratur i Siden da har ergoterapeuter taget begrebet til sig og videreudviklet det. Essensen af begrebet er, at mennesker fratages muligheden for at deltage i betydningsfulde aktiviteter grundet årsager, der ligger udenfor deres kontrol. Blandt disse årsager er krig og konflikter, der har medført en øget tilstrømning af flygtninge og indvandrere fra Afrika og de mellemøstlige lande (1, p. 545). Ser man på antallet af asylansøgere i de 28 medlemslande af Den Europæiske Union (EU), fremgår det af en rapport fra EU s statistikorganisation Eurostat, at der fra 2013 til 2014 var registeret en stigning på lidt over asylsager, hvilket svarer til en stigning på 44 %. Figur 1. Registrerede asylansøgere i EU i perioden år (kilde: 2, p. 1) Rapporten fra Eurostat anslår derudover, at Danmark er dét land i EU, der indtager en femteplads ift. at modtage flest asylansøgere ud fra befolkningsstørrelsen i de enkelte medlemslande. Danmark overgås kun af Sverige, Ungarn, Østrig og Malta, som har flere asylansøgere pr. tusind indbyggere (2, p. 1-2). Således er antallet af asylsager i Danmark steget fra i 2010 til i Opholdstilladelser på asylområdet er ligeledes steget fra i 2010 til i 2014 (3, p. 4). Figur 2 illustrerer, at en ansøger i 2013 i gennemsnit var i asylsystemet i omkring 560 dage. Behandlingen af en asylsag foregår i to faser, som er vist i tabel 1 (4, p. 19). Figur 2. Gennemsnitlige dage i et asylsystempr. person ( ) (4, 19). 9

11 FASE 1 FASE 2 I denne fase foretager politiet en I denne fase skal Udlændingestyrelsen vurdere, grundregistrering af asylansøgeren. Ansøgeren om asylansøgeren er i risiko for at blive udsat udfylder et ansøgningsskema og bliver for konkret individuel forfølgelse, hvilket efterfølgende indkaldt til en samtale, hvor der bestemmes ud fra FN s Flygtningekonvention. dokumenteres oplysninger og motiv for Opfylder asylansøgeren ikke betingelserne i ansøgning til Udlændingestyrelsen. På baggrund af samtalen og eventuelle andre oplysninger, beslutter Udlændingestyrelsen om ansøgningen skal behandles i Danmark eller i et andet land (4, p. 12). FN s Flygtningekonvention, kan der tildeles en såkaldt beskyttelsesstatus, hvis der er risiko for dødsstraf og tortur ved tilbagevendelse til hjemlandet. Vurderingen sker på baggrund af oplysninger fra asylansøgeren og hjemlandet, samt Flygtningenævnets praksis. Udlændingestyrelsen beslutter, hvilken kommune asylansøgeren skal bo i under ansøgningsprocessen (4, p. 12). Tabel 1. De to faser i en asylansøgningsproces. Det er således en tidskrævende proces at søge asyl, da asylansøgerne lever i uvished om hvorvidt, der opnås opholdstilladelse. Ifølge et studie af Patricia J.M. Strijk et. al skal uvisheden ses i lyset af, at asylansøgerne er langt fra vante omgivelser. De er flygtet fra hjemlandet, og har efterladt familiemedlemmer, sprog, kultur, arbejde samt traditioner, og på den måde en del af deres identitet (5, p. 3-4). Asylansøgerne opholder sig som udgangspunkt på et af de 47 asylcentre fordelt rundt i Danmark, mens de venter på, at deres asylsag behandles. Herunder er der fire modtagelses- og udrejsecentre, otte børneindkvarteringscentre samt to omsorgscentre (6). Udbuddet af aktiviteter på centrene afhænger bl.a. af de frivillige, der er tilknyttet centeret. Derudover går de voksne beboere på sprogskole og børnene tilbydes skolegang og SFO. Der er endvidere mulighed for deltagelse i de lokale fritidsklubber, diverse kurser, interne arbejdspraktikker og forskellige aktiveringsprojekter, herunder rengøring og vedligeholdelse af arealer (7). 10

12 Ovenstående viser, at der er gjort forsøg på at skabe rammer for asylansøgerne, så ventetiden bliver udholdelig. Ud fra en ergoterapeutisk synsvinkel er det bekymrende, at mennesker efterlades i en ventesituation. Mennesker har et grundlæggede behov for at udføre aktivitet og søger derigennem udvikling og forståelse af egen identitet. Forhindres aktivitetsdeltagelse kan det således påvirke sundhed og trivsel (8, p. 2). Hertil kommer Ann-Le Morvilles PhD-studie Daily occupations among asylum seekers Experience, performance and perception fra 2014, der viser, at størstedelen af asylansøgerne allerede ved ankomsten til asylcentrene har sundhedsproblematikker (9, p. 21). Mange asylansøgere lider af psykiske lidelser som depression, angst og posttraumatisk stress, hvilket påvirker deres aktivitetsdeltagelse i hverdagen negativt (9, p. 27). Under normale omstændigheder ville rehabilitering være oplagt for at undgå forværring af sundhedsproblematikkerne. Debatten om psykisk sygdom for danske statsborgere fokuserer på tidlig indsats for at forhindre et langvarigt sygdomsforløb, men asylansøgere er ikke underlagt samme vilkår. Morvilles delstudie tre viser, at der sker et fald i asylansøgernes ADL-evne i en 10 måneders periode under ophold på asylcentrene. Delstudiets resultater viser p-værdier for de motoriske og processuelle færdigheder på hhv. 0,017 og <0,001, hvilket antyder, at behovet for rehabilitering er øget efter den 10 måneders periode (9, p. 58). Dette er problematisk, idet der i den politiske debat lægges op til, at asylansøgerne skal bidrage til samfundet gennem arbejde, så snart de får opholdstilladelse (10). I Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) ses aktivitetsudøvelse som et resultat af et dynamisk samspil mellem personen, omgivelserne og aktivitet (11, p ). Modellen er en del af det canadiske materiale, hvor ergoterapifaget ses i et bredere perspektiv. Fokus er her ikke isoleret til sundhedsfaglige problematikker, men udbredes til sociale og politiske problemstillinger. Det gør den i form af, at den berører begreberne inklusion og eksklusion samt social retfærdighed, som giver ergoterapeuter et socialt og sundhedsfagligt ansvar. Det canadiske materiale lægger op til, at ergoterapeuter kan arbejde med både individuel- og social forandring, hvor påvirkninger af omgivelserne kommer i fokus (12, p. 201, 223). Med udgangspunkt i Morvilles observerede fald i ADL-evnen hos asylansøgerne, er spørgsmålet, om dette fald kan henføres til omgivelserne og dermed til oplevelsen af Occupational Deprivation. 11

13 Dette projekt vil derfor undersøge, hvilken sammenhæng, der er mellem omgivelserne og oplevelsen af Occupational Deprivation på et dansk asylcenter. 1.1 Problemformulering Hvilke omgivelsesmæssige faktorer har betydning for oplevelsen af Occupational Deprivation hos asylansøgere på et dansk asylcenter? 1.2 Begrebsafklaring Omgivelsesmæssige faktorer: I dette projekt omfatter de omgivelsesmæssige faktorer; fysiske, sociale, kulturelle og institutionelle fra CMOP-E (12, p ). Disse beskrives i teoriafsnittet. Occupational Deprivation: Længerevarende udelukkelse fra deltagelse i betydningsfulde aktiviteter som følge af udefrakommende faktorer (13, p. 305). Asylansøger: En udlænding, som søger om ret til at opholde sig og blive beskyttet som flygtning i et andet land. Personen er endnu ikke blevet anerkendt som flygtning, og har derved ikke opnået midlertidig opholdstilladelse (14). Asylcenter: En asylansøger i Danmark bor almindeligvis på et asylcenter, imens ansøgning om asyl behandles (14). 2. Teori Dette afsnit vil beskrive begrebet Occupational Deprivation samt de omgivelsesmæssige faktorer i CMOP-E. Disse er anvendt som referenceramme for indsamlingen af empiri og analyse. 2.1 Occupational Deprivation Ann Wilcock definerede tilbage i 1998 Occupational Deprivation som; the influence of an external circumstance that keeps a person from acquiring, using or enjoying something (15, p. 145). Definitionen indeholdte ikke begrebet Occupation, og Gail Whiteford videreudviklede efterfølgende definitionen til; A state of preclusion from engagement in occupations of necessity and/or meaning due to factors that stand outside the immediate control of the individual (16, p. 201). 12

14 Med ovenstående definition er begrebet blevet knyttet tættere til ergoterapi. Essensen af Occupational Deprivation er således, at et individ fratages muligheden for at deltage i betydningsfulde aktiviteter grundet omgivelsesmæssige faktorer, der ligger udenfor deres kontrol (16, p. 201). Occupational Deprivation har visse ligheder med begrebet Occupational Disruption. Occupational Disruption opstår, når en persons normale aktivitetsmønstre forstyrres pga. betydelig livsbegivenheder, miljøforandringer, sygdom eller skader med udsigt til fuld helbredelse. Det der adskiller begrebet fra Occupational Deprivation er, at der er tale om en midlertidig tilstand, der med støttende foranstaltninger går over af sig selv (16, p. 201). Ergoterapeuten Ann Wilcock har i samarbejde med Elizabeth Townsend introduceret Occupational Justice gennem flere publikationer (15, 17, 18). De ser Occupational Justice som indlejret i den ergoterapeutiske praksis ud fra antagelsen om, at betydningsfulde aktiviteter er essentielle for menneskelig eksistens. Når mennesker oplever en begrænsning i mulighederne for at deltage i betydningsfulde aktiviteter, kan det ses som Occupational Injustice (18, p ). Med udgangspunkt i Occupational Justice opstilles fire aktivitetsmæssige rettigheder, samt fire tilhørende uretfærdigheder (18, p. 80 & 12, p. 134). Blandt disse er; Retten til at udvikle sig i retning af sundhed og social integration gennem deltagelse i betydningsfulde aktiviteter. Occupational Deprivation opstår, når mennesker fratages denne rettighed (18, p. 81). 2.2 Canadian Model of Performance and Engagement De omgivelsesmæssige faktorer kan påvirke oplevelsen af Occupational Deprivation. Der er i projektet udelukkende kigget på de omgivelsesmæssige faktorer ud fra CMOP-E. Omgivelserne i modellen defineres som; ( ) de kontekster og situationer, der forekommer uden for personen og som fremkalder en reaktion hos denne (11, p. 46). Ud fra definitionen ses den tydelige sammenhæng mellem omgivelser og Occupational Deprivation, idet begge vedrører faktorer uden for personen. 13

15 Figur 3. CMOP-E-modellen (12, p. 61). Figur 3 illustrerer, at mennesket er forbundet med omgivelserne, og at aktivitet forekommer i interaktion mellem mennesket og dets omgivelser. Mennesket ses i modellen som indeholdende fysiske, affektive og kognitive funktioner med det åndelige i centrum. Aktivitetsudøvelse er således et resultat af et dynamisk samspil mellem personen, omgivelserne og aktivitet (11, p ). Omgivelserne i CMOP-E består af to væsentlige elementer; fysiske og sociale. De supplerer ikke kun konteksten for aktivitetsudøvelse, men former ligeledes aktivitetsvalget, påvirker sundhed og trivsel, samt strukturerer valgmulighederne for social inklusion eller eksklusion (12, p ). De fysiske omgivelser omfatter naturlige og menneskeskabte faktorer. Disse kan både fremme og hæmme aktivitetsengagementet. De sociale omgivelser kan underopdeles i institutioner og kultur. I det følgende gennemgås de enkelte omgivelseselementer separat, men i virkeligheden kan de ikke isoleres, idet hvert element påvirker de andre elementer. Endvidere påvirker omgivelserne og menneskets betydningsfulde aktiviteter hinanden (12, p ). De fysiske omgivelser omfatter den fysiske verden, der består af alle levende og ikke-levende ting, som forekommer naturligt i verden. De naturlige omgivelser har potentiale til at påvirke, hvilke betydningsfulde aktiviteter mennesker udfører, hvornår og hvordan de udfører dem, samt hvilke og hvor mange de engagerer sig i. Klimaforholdene i Danmark kan eksempelvis være med til at ændre aktivitetsmønstre hos asylansøgere, der har været vant til at opholde sig i varmere klima (12, p. 94). Den konstruerede fysiske verden er ligeledes en del af de fysiske omgivelser og omfatter bygninger, legepladser, teknologi, redskaber og udstyr (13, p ). De midlertidige forhold på et 14

16 asylcenter kan eksempelvis gøre det svært for asylsøgere at indgå i betydningsfulde aktiviteter, såsom traditionel madlavning, idet faciliteter og redskaber er anderledes fra hjemlandet. De sociale omgivelser består af forskellige lag, som opdeles i mikro-, makro-, og mesoniveauer. Mikroniveauet vedrører de personlige ansigt-til-ansigt interaktioner i det daglige liv (12, p. 97). Aktivitetsdeltagelsen påvirkes her af de mennesker, asylansøgerne møder i hverdagen. Venner, kollegaer og familie på dette niveau, kan eksempelvis være skiftet ud med nye venskaber og relationer til asylcentrets personale. Makroelementerne repræsenterer sociale strukturer som organisationer, love og regler. De kan beskrives som sociale konstruktioner, der har indflydelse på, hvad der anses for normale eller unormale betydningsfulde aktiviteter (12, p. 97). Eksempelvis er rygning forbudt på asylcentrene, hvilket kan være svært for asylansøgere at forstå, hvis de kommer fra lande, hvor dette er tilladt. Mesoelementerne kan være sociale grupper, der findes mellem mikro- og makroniveauet, såsom asylansøgernes familier og arbejdsrelationer i hjemlandet (12, p. 97). Occupational Deprivation fremhæves af Whiteford som et begreb, der bl.a. kan være baseret på kulturelle værdier, hvilket kan skabe en skjult eksklusion (19, p. 79). Asylansøgere placeres eksempelvis i mindre byer, hvor de risikerer at blive socialt ekskluderet fra betydningsfulde aktiviteter af lokalsamfundet, fordi de er asylansøgere. De kulturelle omgivelser, der er et særligt træk ved de sociale omgivelser, afspejler forventninger fra og til andre samt til sig selv. Disse er med til at bestemme, hvad der anses for passende betydningsfulde aktiviteter. De kulturelle omgivelser giver mening til de ting mennesker foretager sig og er konstant tilstede i betydningsfulde aktiviteter. De omhandler således traditioner, værdier og etik i samfundet, hvilket giver livet mening (12, p ). Samtidig kan de også være en kilde til Occupational Deprivation hos asylansøgere, idet eksempelvis kulturelle og religiøse forskelle kan besværliggøre integration og dermed aktivitetsmæssig deltagelse (18, p. 202). De institutionelle omgivelser er en del af de makrosociale omgivelser, bestående af formelle og uformelle strukturer, der organiserer samfundet socialt, økonomisk, politisk og juridisk. De fremmer samfundsordenen, styrer samfundet og er med til at påvirke menneskers betydningsfulde aktiviteter i hverdagslivet (12, p. 99). Dette stemmer overens med Whiteford, som fremhæver, at asylansøgere er underlagt et sæt af love og regler. Dette kan være med til direkte at begrænse deres muligheder for at indgå i betydningsfulde aktiviteter, som eksempelvis arbejde. Dette kan føre til Occupational Deprivation (19, p. 79). 15

17 3. Metode Dette afsnit vil beskrive den videnskabsteoretiske tilgang og metode, der anvendes. Der redegøres efterfølgende for litteratursøgningsprocessen, og herefter beskrives, hvordan dataindsamlingen og dataanalysen udføres. Afslutningsvis redegøres for de etiske overvejelser. 3.1 Videnskabsteoretisk grundlag For at kunne besvare projektets problemformulering kræves det, at der skabes en forståelse for de subjektive tanker og følelser asylansøgerne har i hverdagen på et asylcenter. Det er således relevant at inddrage humanvidenskabelig kvalitativ forskning, da denne søger en forståelse af fænomener og er kendetegnet ved en fortolkende tilgang af menneskelige forhold i form af handlinger og aktiviteter (20, p ). Den humanvidenskabelige retning vægter mennesket som et sansende subjekt med tanker relateret til den livsverden, som det befinder sig i. Grundlæggende har det humanistiske menneskesyn forståelse som et kernebegreb, og har derved fokus på at udlede subjektive antagelser, for at indsamle viden udmøntet i kvalitativt data (20, p ). Indenfor humanvidenskaben, er der i dette projekt taget udgangspunkt i en hermeneutisk/fænomenologisk tilgang for at tydeliggøre interviewtekstens mening (20, p ) Hermeneutik Hermeneutik tager udgangspunkt i fortolkningslæren og har meningsfortolkning som et centralt tema. Hermeneutik tager afsæt i begrebet om den hermeneutiske spiral, som er forankret i den humanvidenskabelige tradition (20, p ). Den hermeneutiske spiral bygger på sammenhængen mellem de enkelte dele og helheden i forbindelse med forståelse og fortolkning af eksempelvis interviewtekster (20, p. 98). Forud for mødet med asylcenteret har forskerne på forhånd allerede nogle forventninger, fordomme og viden, der i den hermeneutiske tradition betegnes som forforståelser. Disse forforståelser indgår i et konstant dynamisk samspil med empirien, hvor forskerne i et forsøg på at forstå asylansøgernes hverdag på centeret, må bringe egne forforståelser i spil (20, p ). 16

18 For at forstå betydningen af interviewtekstens enkelte dele, altså asylansøgernes udsagn under interviewene, må der ligeledes tages hensyn til helheden, som omhandler deres nuværende situation på asylcenteret. Det er vigtigt at opnå forståelse for asylansøgernes holdninger gennem en fortolkning af de enkelte udsagn i sammenhæng med omgivelserne. Ud fra disse fortolkninger kan forskerne opnå en ny forforståelse, hvorefter der kan skabes en ny viden (22, p ) Fænomenologi En underliggende antagelse i fænomenologien er, at virkeligheden er som folk opfatter den (23, p ). Det er derfor afgørende for fænomenologien, at sikre en åben og fordomsfri metodisk tilgang, hvor forskerne engagerer sig ved at være tro mod asylansøgernes ståsted. Den fænomenologisk orienterede forsker forsøger eksempelvis at sætte ord på en asylansøgers erfaringer og holdninger til den oplevede hverdag på et asylcenter (23, p ). Den fænomenologiske tilgang indebærer ideelt set, at forskeren møder asylansøgeren fordomsfrit og intuitivt. Essensen er altså ikke noget forskeren tilføjer eller fortolker (24, p ) Den hermeneutiske/fænomenologiske tilgang Formålet med anvendelse af den hermeneutiske tilgang i projektet er at nå frem til en forståelse af asylansøgernes holdninger ud fra deres perspektiver på hverdagen. Det er særligt under selve udarbejdelsen af interviewguiden samt under analyseprocessen, at projektets hermeneutiske tilgang er anvendt. Det er forskernes forforståelser, der ligger til grund for, hvilke spørgsmål, der stilles i interviewguiden, samt hvilke supplerende opgaver, der udleveres til informanterne. Fænomenologien er anvendt under udførelsen af interviews, under transskriberingsfasen samt i udarbejdelsen af meningskondensering, da denne lægger op til en fortolkningsfri tilgang. 3.2 Metodevalg Den kvalitative metode Til at belyse projektets problemformulering er der anvendt en kvalitativ tilgang i form af opgaver med spørgsmål og billeder samt semistruktureret interviews som dataindsamlingsmetoder. Den kvalitative forskning er valgt, idet den dels søger at opnå forståelse for, hvorledes mennesker beretter og oplever verden, og dels fordi det er asylansøgernes egne erfaringer og holdninger til livet på asylcenteret, der ønskes undersøgt. Den kvalitative metode giver mulighed for at gå i dybden med et afgrænset emne, hvor målet er at skabe forståelse frem for forklaring af informanternes oplevede Occupational Deprivation. Målet 17

19 for projektet er således at indsamle personlige fortællinger og tolke disse ift. undersøgelsens emne (25, p ). Forskerne arbejder ud fra en teoretisk forståelse af emnet, men forskerne har ikke indblik i, hvordan undersøgelsen forløber eller hvilke data, der fremskaffes (25, p. 48) Cultural probes Cultural probes er en innovativ dataindsamlingsmetode, som kan indsamle viden om informanterne og deres aktiviteter. I modsætning til interviews, tillader denne metode, at informanterne selvrapporterer, hvor forskerne efter udlevering af cultural probes har minimal indflydelse på udfaldet. Dette er valgt for at give informanterne mulighed for at reflektere over deres hverdag i vante omgivelser på en kreativ måde. Metoden benytter sig af et proping kit, der kan indeholde forskellige værktøjer (26) Semistruktureret interview Et semistruktureret interview er en måde, hvorpå intervieweren kan indhente viden om informanternes livshistorie. Interviewtilgangen har en særlig teknik, der på den ene side ikke indbyder til en åben samtale, men på den anden side heller ikke er en lukket spørgeskemaundersøgelse. Interviewet udføres på baggrund af en i forvejen udarbejdet interviewguide, der har fokus på bestemte teoretiske begreber (27, p. 45). Disse begreber er opstillet for at få informanternes meninger om konkrete emner frem. Det semistrukturerede interview skal sikre indsamling af relevante oplysninger, der er nødvendige for at besvare problemformuleringen. Interviewguiden bidrager med struktur, mens cultural probes giver plads til spontane og uventede beskrivelser af informanternes hverdag (27, p. 134). 3.3 Litteratursøgning Litteratursøgningen var opdelt i to faser som kort er beskrevet nedenfor. I Den problemindkredsende fase var søgningen rettet mod brede, almene søgeord der kunne hjælpe med at komme tættere på et relevant emne. Søgningerne var med til, at få en idé om, hvilke forfattere der skrev om forskellige emner, og hvilke områder der generelt bliver lagt vægt på for tiden (28, p. 36). Der blev hurtigt enighed om, at undersøgelsens målgruppe skulle være asylansøgere. Dette betød at litteratursøgningen i denne fase blev rettet mod, at få større indsigt i hvilke problematikker asylansøgere havde, og hvordan disse kunne relateres til ergoterapi. Der blev 18

20 foretaget emneordssøgninger på Google.dk med kombinationer af søgeord som Asylum seekers, Occupational Therapy og Refugees. I den efterfølgende emnepræciserende fase var fokus på at præcisere søgningen yderligere (28, p. 36). Selvom emnet var valgt, var der fortsat tvivl om, hvilken konkret problemformulering undersøgelsen skulle arbejde med. Det var vigtigt at finde litteratur, der kunne bygge baggrunden for en problemformulering op, og til dette blev der benyttet en blanding af systematisk søgning og kædesøgning (28, p. 37). Mange artikler blev fundet vha. kædesøgninger, hvor udgangspunktet var en kendt artikel eller bogreferencer. Styrken ved kædesøgning er, at den sikrer en vis kvalitetskontrol, idet der benyttes litteratur som andre forskere har brugt som udgangspunkt for deres overvejelser (28, p. 37). Til den systematiske søgning blev databaserne Cinahl og PubMed brugt. Cinahl har været den primære database til litteratursøgning under uddannelsen, og var således det naturlig valg som udgangspunkt. Databasen indekserer knap 300 tidsskrifter indenfor sygepleje og beslægtede emner som ergoterapi (28, p. 42). PubMed er verdens største medicinske database, og den blev valgt for sin omfattende mængde referencer til 20 millioner artikler fra ca tidsskrifter. Til trods for at emneområdet primært er medicinsk, findes der også en del artikler om bl.a. ergoterapi (28, p. 41). Den overordnede søgestrategi til den systematiske søgning var opdelt i fire hovedemner Asylansøgere, hverdagsliv, livskvalitet og ergoterapi. Emnerne blev valgt ud fra de erfaringer der kom frem i den problemindkredsende fase. Hvert hovedemne blev opdelt i en række forskellige søgeord, der blev bestemt ud fra en fælles brainstorm. Eksempelvis blev hovedemnet asylansøgere opdelt i søgeordene Asylum seekers, Asylum og refugees. I begge databaser blev der foretaget en emneordssøgning på søgeordet først, idet denne som regel giver en mere præcis søgning (28, p. 38). Det er dog ikke alle ord og begreber der endnu har fået tildelt et emneord i databaserne og derfor blev der lavet fritekstsøgninger på flere af søgeordene. Fritekstsøgningen søger i alle ord i databasen og er derfor mere upræcis (28, p. 38). De enkelte emnesøgninger blev kombineret vha. OR der resulterede i en pulje af artikler der indeholdte en eller flere af søgeordene. Herefter blev de fire samlede emnesøgninger kombineret vha. AND for at finde frem til en fællesmængde af artikler der berørte alle emner. Resultaterne var dog kun syv for Cinahl og nul for PubMed. Efterfølgende blev der lavet nye kombinationssøgninger 19

21 med to og tre af de overordnede emner, for at finde frem til flere artikler. Alle søgninger fremgår af Dosisguiden. Se bilag 1. Udover kædesøgninger og systematiske søgninger på PubMed og Cinahl, er Google inddraget for at finde supplerende litteratur til emner indenfor bl.a. videnskabsteori og asylsystemet. 3.4 Dataindsamling Kontakten til asylcenteret blev skabt vha. deres hjemmeside, hvor kontaktinformationer var oplyst. Ved telefonisk kontakt blev der indgået en aftale om besøg på centeret, rundvisning samt oplæg omkring vores projekt med centerlederen. Der blev udleveret inklusionskriterier for de personer, der kunne indgå i projektet i forbindelse med dataindsamlingen. Herefter skulle centerlederen finde informanter til pilotinterview, cultural probes og interviews. Efterfølgende blev der taget kontakt til hver enkelt informant for at sikre samtykke til deltagelse i projektet Informanter Inklusionskriterier: Kvinder og mænd. Tre-fem informanter. Alder over 25 år. Minimum seks måneder i Danmark. Et sprogligt niveau på dansk eller engelsk, der gør det muligt at gennemføre et interview. Eksklusionskriterier: Har fast bopæl udenfor asylcenteret. Har været i Danmark i over tre år. Inklusionskriteriet med tre-fem informanter blev vedtaget, da der er større sandsynlighed for at få et bredere perspektiv på problemformuleringen. Derudover skulle informanterne være over 25 år, da det sikrer, at de har oplevet en voksens aktivitetsidentitet. Dermed har de ansvar for sig selv og eventuelt familie, samt har været i arbejde. Informanterne skal have opholdt sig i Danmark i minimum seks måneder for at sikre, at de kender asylcenteret og dets aktivitetsudbud tilstrækkeligt. Det skal være muligt at interviewe informanterne 20

22 på dansk eller engelsk uden brug af tolk, således data ikke går tabt i samtalen mellem informanterne og forskerne. Tolk anvendes, hvis dette ikke er muligt. Eksklusionskriteriet, der vedrører ophold udenfor centeret, blev valgt for at sikre, at informanterne er påvirket af samme omgivelsesmæssige faktorer, og derved relevant for problemformuleringen. Der blev opstillet eksklusionskriterier for informanternes ophold i Danmark på maksimum tre år for at øge sandsynligheden for, at informanterne kan huske deres hverdag fra hjemlandet, samt det første indtryk af asylcenteret. Informanterne er alle mænd i alderen år, og har opholdt sig på et dansk asylcenter i over seks måneder. Tabel 2. Overblik over undersøgelsens informanter Metodeudførelse Cultural probes Informanterne fik hver udleveret en boks, som indeholdt en introduktion til cultural probes, et brev med første opgave, samt farveblyanter, kuglepen, notesblok, engangskamera og slik. Se bilag 2 og 3. Ved første møde blev informanterne introduceret til boksens indhold, opgaverne samt projektets formål. Herefter blev der aftalt en dato for, hvornår indsamlingen af den første opgave skulle ske, og hvornår udleveringen af anden opgave skulle finde sted. Der blev udarbejdet et skema, hvorpå 21

23 der var nedskrevet mulige datoer for indsamling og udlevering af opgaver for at skabe overblik og struktur over processen. Informanterne blev stillet tre opgaver omhandlende deres liv i forskellige tidsperioder; fortid, nutid og fremtid. Opgaverne bestod af en beskrivelse af deres betydningsfulde aktiviteter i hhv. hjemlandet, på asylcenteret og i et fremtidsperspektiv. Se bilag 4. Disse opgaver blev udleveret på asylcenteret af de samme to forskere for at skabe en tryg situation for informanterne. Informanterne fik tre dage til at udføre hver opgave. Ved indsamlingen af den første opgave, blev der lavet en evaluering, hvor informanterne havde mulighed for at stille spørgsmål ift. forståelsen af den udleverede opgave. Den næste opgave blev herefter udleveret, og samme proces blev gentaget for den anden og tredje opgave. Denne proces varede to uger, hvorefter der blev planlagt interviews med hver enkelt informant Semistruktureret interview Forud for interviewene var der udformet en interviewguide med udgangspunkt i en hermeneutisk tilgang, hvor de stillede spørgsmål var præget af forskernes forforståelse. Se bilag 5. Dette betød, at udformningen af interviewguiden blev dannet ud fra en formodning om, at informanterne har en oplevelse af Occupational Deprivation, som har relevans for selve projektet (27, p ). Interviewguiden blev udarbejdet ud fra begrebet Occupational Deprivation, hvilket var styrende for spørgsmålenes opbygning (27, p. 134). Spørgsmålene skulle dels bidrage til at fremstille viden til projektet, og dels være med til at fremme en positiv interaktion med informanterne. Derudover var spørgsmålene udarbejdet for at sikre, at relevant information om informanternes omgivelser blev indsamlet, samt for at skabe struktur og overblik, således projektets emne kunne belyses. Dette var forsøgt udført ved, at spørgsmålene var udformet korte, forståelige og uden akademiske vendinger. Interviewguiden var desuden udarbejdet på dansk og engelsk. Forud for interviewene blev der udført et pilotinterview, for at afprøve de udarbejdede spørgsmål og give mulighed for at tilpasse interviewguiden, således at problemformuleringen kan besvares. 22

24 Derudover kan pilotinterviewet være med til at begrænse mulige misforståelser under de efterfølgende interviewsituationer Transskription Interviewene blev transskriberet fra mundtlig til skriftlig form, der senere udgjorde dataanalysen (27, p. 202). Se bilag 6, 7 og 8. Der blev udarbejdet en specifik skriveprocedure for transskriptionsprocessen, for at sikre ens retningslinjer for transskriberingen og hermed mindske fejlkilder. Hver linje blev nummereret fortløbende. I transskriptionen blev intervieweren angivet med bogstavet I og informanterne med hhv. A, B og C. I projektet anvendes fiktive navne; Ali, Bashir og Calel. Transskriberingen blev udført så ordret og præcist som muligt. Ordkonstruktioner som øh og ehm blev ikke medtaget i transskriberingen, og pauser blev angivet i form af. Følelsesudtryk blev ikke medtaget, da analysens fokus er på mening og ikke sammenhæng. Griner eller andet følelsesmæssigt blev derfor ikke medtaget (27, p ). Under transskriberingen kan der forekomme vurderinger og beslutninger om, hvad der er vigtig og hvad der kan undværes. Dette blev forsøgt minimeret ved, at transskriberingerne var foretaget af personer, som ikke deltog i interviewene (27, p. 202). 3.5 Etiske overvejelser Overvejelser om de etiske aspekter i projektet har været særdeles vigtige, da forskerne under de tre interviewundersøgelser indgik i en personlig interaktion med informanterne, som derved kunne påvirkes i forbindelse med undersøgelsen. Steinar Kvale og Svend Brinkmann foreskriver specifikke etiske retningslinjer, som gør sig gældende i forskningssammenhænge, og skal sikre, at informanternes integritet respekteres. Retningslinjerne omfatter bl.a. forskernes rolle, informeret samtykke, fuld fortrolighed om oplysninger samt overvejelser om mulige konsekvenser for deltagelse i undersøgelsen (27, p ). De etiske overvejelser har været til stede under hele projektforløbet, dog særligt fremtrædende i udarbejdelsen af interviewspørgsmålene samt i kontakten med informanterne inden og under interviewudførelsen. 23

25 Inden påbegyndelse af interviewene underskrev informanterne og centerlederen på asylcenteret en samtykkeerklæring, hvori der fremgik information om projektets formål, lydoptagelse af interview samt anonymisering af de indsamlede oplysninger og udsagn (27, p. 89). Anonymisering var bl.a. sikret under transskriberingsfasen, hvori der ikke blev oplyst navne eller andre følsomme oplysninger, men hvor der blev gengivet en loyal transskription af informanternes udsagn (27, p. 81). Derudover blev informanterne informeret om, at lydoptagelserne, der blev foretaget under interviewet, ville blive slettet efter projektets afslutning. Endvidere blev informanternes identitet sløret ved anvendelse af billedmateriale i forbindelse med cultural probes. På baggrund af de opstillede inklusions- og eksklusionskriterier, udvalgte centerlederen informanterne til undersøgelsen. Det var derfor afgørende at understrege overfor informanterne, at deltagelse var frivillig, og at de til enhver tid kunne melde sig ud af projektet. I udarbejdelsen af interviewspørgsmålene og under interviewsituationen tog forskerne hensyn til de etiske dilemmaer, der måtte opstå, hvis samtalen berørte følsomme emner. Asylansøgerne er flygtet fra krigsplagede områder, hvor de har efterladt sig familie og deres hjem, hvilket bringer dem i en sårbar situation i et fremmed land. Da informanterne samtidig har en asylsag i Udlændingestyrelsen, kræves det, at forskerne forholder sig til konsekvenserne af undersøgelsen mht. den mulige risiko for skade, den kan påføre informanterne (27, p. 92). Det har således været vigtigt, at intervieweren fulgte op på informanternes udsagn med sensitivitet ift. de stillede spørgsmål. Etiske spørgsmål meldte sig også, da mødet mellem intervieweren og informanten foregik i et tværkulturelt samspil. Nogle af de kulturelle faktorer, der spillede en rolle i forbindelse med interviewene, var kønsforholdet mellem informanten og intervieweren, samt de sproglige barrierer. (27, p. 164). Overvejelser om kønsforhold omhandlede, hvorledes det var muligt at lade en kvinde interviewe de tre mandlige informanter. Der blev valgt en mandlig interviewer til udførelse af samtlige interviews, for at sikre de bedste betingelser for en ligeværdig dialog (27, p. 164). De sproglige barrierer var endnu en overvejelse, som vedrørte de misforståelser, der kunne opstå under interviewene og de efterfølgende transskriberinger. Interviewene og de udleverede cultural probes indbød til selvrefleksion hos informanterne. Dette kunne medføre stress og ændringer i deres selvopfattelse, hvis der efterfølgende ikke blev fulgt op på de gennemførte interviews (27, p. 81). Der var gjort overvejelser om et opfølgende møde med 24

26 informanterne, hvor opgavens resultater kunne drøftes og eventuelle tanker om interviewene vendes. 3.6 Analyse af data Nedenstående illustrerer, hvordan datamaterialet er analyseret ud fra meningskategorisering og meningskondensering. Billed- og dagbogsmaterialet er analyseret ud fra Erwin Panofskys Ikonografi og ikonologi. Analysen af data er opdelt i fire trin Trin 1 De indsamlede data består af tre interviews og cultural probes, som indeholder billeder og dagbogsmateriale. Se bilag 9. Efter transskriberingen blev de tre interviews og dagbogsmateriale gennemlæst, for at opnå en forståelse af helheden og eventuelle temaer i besvarelserne. Ud fra det præ-ikonografiske niveau blev objekter, personer, aktiviteter og placering på billedmaterialet identificeret (28, p. 150). Se bilag 10. Illustration af trin Trin 2 Gennem meningskategorisering blev hovedkategorien Occupational Deprivation opstillet, for at strukturere og danne overblik over informanternes udsagn. Se bilag 11. Derudover gjorde kategorisering det muligt at se forskelle og ligheder mellem udsagnene. Billedmaterialet forstås i dette trin på et ikonografisk niveau, hvilket vil sige, at der udføres en deskriptiv fortolkning af billedernes objekter (28, p. 150). 25

27 Illustration af trin Trin 3 Informanternes udsagn fra interviews og dagbogsmateriale blev efterfølgende meningskondenseret, hvilket vil sige, at lange udsagn blev sammenfattet, hvor hovedbetydningen blev omformuleret i få ord (27, p ) Se bilag 12. Illustration af trin Trin 4 De kategoriserede og kondenserede udsagn blev kædet sammen med begrebet Occupational Deprivation og de fire omgivelsesmæssige faktorer i CMOP-E; fysiske, sociale, kulturelle og institutionelle. Dette blev udført for at sætte datamaterialet i en teoretisk helhed (27, p. 239). Billedmaterialet blev fortolket ud fra et ikonologisk niveau, hvor billedernes betydning og budskab blev fremhævet (28, p. 150). 26

28 Illustration af trin 4 4. Analyse I følgende afsnit redegøres for analyse og fortolkning af empirien. Efter gennemlæsning af transskriptionerne, blev udsagnene dekontekstualiseret i fire hovedtemaer, hvor hvert tema blev analyseret. I fortolkningen blev udsagnene rekontekstualiseret ift. teorien. Gennem analysen henvises der til de transskriberede interviews og dagbogsmaterialet i form af linjetal. Billedeksempler inddrages fra cultural probes. 4.1 Fysiske omgivelser Ali og Bashir udtalte i forbindelse med de geografiske faktorer, at de oprindelig er fra storbyer med et stort aktivitetsudbud. Se bilag 6, linje 17 og bilag 7, linje 294. Bashir fortalte om asylcenterets beliggenhed; ( )It is small and they don t have a lot of population, when you go out it is quite ( ) sometimes when I go out, there is nobody here, I am alone. Se bilag 7, linje Ali: ( ) not much people in this town ( ). Se bilag 6, linje 320. Ift. anvendelsen af teknologi, berettede Ali; The telephone no skype ( ) I find WhatsApp or any line any programs, communication programs. Se bilag 6, linje Ligeledes udtalte Bashir; ( ) sometimes they are on Facebook and sometimes we call them and talk together on skype. Se bilag 7, linje Ali nævnte om anvendelse af computer og telefon; ( ) it give relax to me, yeah if I have short time, empty time to call my wife in the morning, and give a positive news. Se bilag 6, linje Billede 1 illustrerer Ali siddende ved sin computer og gøre brug af internettet. Se bilag

29 Bashir anvendte internettet til at lytte til musik: ( ) it is relaxing and when you have lot of tension you listen to music you feel free, you know. Se bilag 7, linje Bashir og Calel udtalte i forbindelse med transportmuligheder; It is where the bus stop, the bus stop here when we go Y and sometimes we have private bus, when people who need to go clinic in Y. Se bilag 7, linje Calel; ( ) Sometimes the bus and sometimes the train. Sometimes my friend have a car. Se bilag 8, linje 160. På billede 7 ses et busstoppested nær asylcenteret. Se bilag 10. Ali blev spurgt ind til, hvilke aktiviteter, der tilbydes på centeret: No no, this center haven t any activities. Se bilag 6, linje 415. Til samme spørgsmål udtalte Bashir: ( ) they give us jobcenter, today I have jobcenter ( ) so we clean the houses and outside. Se bilag 7, linje Senere i interviewet fulgte han op med; ( ) sometimes, I feel alone because in here we don t have nothing to do, we go to school then come back here sit all day and thinking thinking, you got a lot of stress. If you don t have something to do, you know, you think too much. Se bilag 7, linje Ali og Bashir fortalte i forbindelse med de lokale muligheder for aktiviteter; ( ) I go to the library and go to the fitness. Se bilag 6, linje Bashir berettede; ( ) we play football and sometimes we play Volleyball here outside. Se bilag 7, linje 140. Bashir udtalte ift. praktisering af religion; ( ) We don t have a mosque here in Y. So sometimes on Friday you go Y ( ) if you don t have near you house and you travel, there is sometimes you don t have the ticket, so you have to stay at home( ). Se bilag 7, linje I forbindelse med den obligatoriske dansk undervisning på en lokal sprogskole, udtalte Ali; ( ) we have four times in the week to go to the school went to the school at eight and a half and return to the house ( ). Se bilag 6, linje Billede 3 viser, en skolerelateret aktivitet. Se bilag

30 Da Bashir og Ali blev spurgt ind til deres hverdagsaktiviteter, udtalte Bashir; ( ) I wake up eight O clock and 8:45 I go to school. Then come back 11.15, so I have nothing to do, I just sit here ( ). Se bilag 7, linje Ali; ( ) I rest or sove in dansk. Se bilag 6, linje 302. Billede 5 viser, værelseskammeraten til Bashir, der ligger i sengen med sin telefon. Se bilag Teoretisk fortolkning ift. de fysiske omgivelser Alle tre informanter kommer oprindeligt fra storbyer, hvorimod de nu er placeret i en mindre by. Geografiske faktorer kan have betydning for, om der opstår Occupational Deprivation, og hvordan dette påvirker informanterne (13, p. 317). De konstruerede fysiske omgivelser kan både øge og hæmme informanternes mulighed for at udføre betydningsfulde aktiviteter (12, p. 95). Ved adgang til teknologi som computer, internettet og telefon, kan der skabes kontakt til familie og venner i hjemlandet. Bashir beretter, at internettet ikke kun anvendes som et kommunikationsredskab, men gør det bl.a. muligt for ham at håndtere stress og beskæftiger ham, når han ikke har noget at foretage sig på asylcenteret. De konstruerede fysiske omgivelser giver her mulighed for deltagelse i betydningsfulde aktiviteter, når de er konstrueret for at fremme kommunikation mellem mennesker (12, p. 95). De konstruerede fysiske omgivelser kan være designet således, at de øger tilgængeligheden bl.a. igennem transportmuligheder (12, p ). Informanterne udtalte, at de benytter sig af transportmuligheder, hvilket giver dem mulighed for at besøge andre byer og deltage i flere aktiviteter. Bashir berettede, at praktisering af religion er en udfordring, der kræver, at han må tage udenbys, da der ikke er placeret en moske i området. De fysiske omgivelser påvirker herved, hvor mange og hvilke aktiviteter, informanterne kan engagere sig i (12, p. 94). Søvn og hvile blev af informanterne beskrevet som en gennemgående aktivitet i deres hverdag, da der efter danskundervisning ikke er andre faste aktiviteter. For meget tid og for lidt at lave, kan 29

31 medføre en tilstand af Occupational Deprivation (13, p. 317). Alle mennesker er aktivitetsorienterede væsener, og dét at foretage sig noget betydningsfuldt er centralt for informanternes liv. De betydningsfulde aktiviteter, som de deltager i og den tid, der bruges på udøvelsen af disse aktiviteter, bestemmes bl.a. af omgivelsernes fysiske faktorer (12, p. 83). 4.2 Sociale omgivelser Bashir fortalte om det sociale netværk på asylcenteret; (...) we sit together and try to make a good life. Se bilag 7, linje Endvidere udtalte han; ( ) if you have a lot of friends, who tell you to make good activities, you have to have friends to help you ( ). Se bilag 7, linje Billede 4 viser to beboere, der står og snakker over en kop kaffe udenfor asylcenteret. Se bilag 10. Bashir udtrykte om sit sociale netværk; ( ) I have here 10 months; he have been here three years, so he have a lot of friends. Sometimes he go Y, Y, Y. I am the only one who here all day. Se bilag 7, linje Han fortalte derudover; ( ) one of my friends have the guitar and sometimes I try to. He tried to teach me ( ). Se bilag 7, linje 52. Bashir fortalte, om religiøse aktiviteter på asylcenteret; ( ) sometimes we in group do Islam here and we is in the room in the basement, so we pray there ( ). Se bilag 7, linje Ift. sociale aktiviteter på asylcenteret, svarede Bashir; ( ) Saturday, Sunday night we make food together also we like eat together. Se bilag 7, linje Bashir har taget billede 6, som illustrerer et køkken, hvor der kan udføres betydningsfulde aktiviteter. Se bilag 10. Køkkenet danner en ramme om en daglig aktivitet, som alle informanterne gør brug af. Bashir forklarede, hvordan fraværet af familiemedlemmer påvirker ham på asylcenteret; ( ) i feel very lonly here whenever i remember about my family i feel very sad with out your family your life 30

32 will be difficult. Se bilag 9, linje Ligeledes udtalte Ali; ( ) I have many people but my children that s a special feeling. Se bilag 6, linje 140. Alle informanter forsøger at vedligeholde kontakten til deres netværk i hjemlandet. Ali fortalte; ( ) my good life events all to Facebook and communicate with my friends ( ). Se bilag linje Bashir; ( ) on the Internet and sometimes we talk on the phone. Se bilag 7, linje 76. Calel berettede; In Kurdistan I have friends. But now no. Because I m three years outside. Se bilag 8, linje Teoretisk fortolkning ift. de sociale omgivelser Informanterne prøver at skabe gode rammer for et bedre liv på centeret sammen med de andre beboere, da et socialt netværk kan skabe muligheder for at udføre aktiviteter. Aktiviteter udføres ikke kun selvstændigt, men også i interaktion med andre personer eller i grupper (12, p. 83). Derudover forsøger informanterne at skabe sociale aktiviteter sammen med de andre beboere. Sommetider mødes beboerne for at bede sammen i et rum på centeret, da den nærmeste moske ikke er placeret i nærområdet. Bashir fortalte, at han er ved at lære at spille guitar af en nær ven på asylcenteret. Aktivitetsdeltagelsen påvirkes således af de mennesker, informanterne møder i hverdagen (12, p. 97). Udover de etablerede bekendtskaber på asylcenteret prøver informanterne at vedligeholde kontakten til hjemlandet. Bashir berettede, at internettet har hjulpet ham til at opretholde kontakten til hjemlandet. Adgang til teknologiske kommunikationsredskaber, såsom internettet, kan mindske den sociale isolation (13, p. 308). Derimod er det ikke lykkedes Calel at holde kontakten vha. internettet, grundet den lange periode på asylcenteret. 4.3 Kulturelle omgivelser Bashir og Ali blev spurgt ind til, om de oplever kulturelle forskelle i hverdagen, hvortil Bashir svarede; ( ) I am trying to learn the Danish language, because when I started in school, the pronunciation, it is very difficult, but now I understand a little dansk ( ) if you don t know that much dansk, you feel a little shy, you know. Se bilag 7, linje

33 Ali; ( ) that s the conversation if I haven t any conversation or I don t talk with any dansk people I can t because the language, dansk cannot you can t teach, learn it, write you must be talk. Se bilag 6, linje Endvidere fortalte Ali; ( ) in Syria, when you, all family when you make a good food or a famous food go to your neighbors ( ) give a a high feeling a human feeling. Se bilag 6, linje Billede 2 illustrerer en kage, som Ali har bagt. Se bilag 10. Informanterne blev spurgt ind til, hvordan de oplever den danske befolkning. Ali svarede; ( ) cold people and negative people but I don t know any reason for this ( ). Se bilag 6, linje 225. Bashir fortalte; ( ) Somalia people you know, they can, they don t go one person outside, if we go outside we go together, five person, six persons. So here you can see one person go here, sometimes if you go alone here, you see no body here ( ). Se billag 7, linje Ali berettede; ( ) but after this there is a police woman come to the school in Y and police woman come to school in Syria this is not happened ( ) In Syria all police are men all police men enter the school, but the school have respect ( ). Se bilag 6, linje Hertil fortalte han om en episode, hvor en kvindelig politibetjent mødte op på en skole, hvor han befandt sig, hvilket ikke er almindeligt i Syrien Teoretisk fortolkning ift. de kulturelle omgivelser Kultur kan være forbundet med visse traditioner, der påvirker informanternes aktivitetsudførelse. Den indvirkning, som et kulturelt miljø kan have på informanternes aktiviteter, kan blive påvirket af, i hvor høj grad informanterne identificerer sig med og omfavner deres kultur (12, p ). Sproget kan skabe mulighed for interaktion og deltagelse i aktiviteter i den nye kultur (13, p ). Ali forstår vigtigheden af at lære det danske sprog, for at kunne deltage i aktiviteter. At være fælles om et sprog gør det muligt for informanterne at interagere med hinanden og udvikle en forståelse for de aktiviteter, der er i den givne kultur (13, p. 317). Det der anses for passende betydningsfulde aktiviteter, er forbundet med samfundet, livserfaringer, den religiøse opdragelse samt de sociale interaktioner. På den måde kan kulturen gøre livet meningsfuldt (12, p. 99). I den 32

34 sammenhæng forklarede Ali, at det giver ham en varm menneskelig følelse at kunne give mad til sine naboer. De kulturelle omgivelser afspejler forventninger som informanterne kan have til sig selv og samfundet, hvilket er med til at bestemme, hvad der anses for passende i den givne kultur (12, p. 99). Informanterne gav alle udtryk for at de oplever en kulturel forskel ved den danske befolkning. 4.4 Institutionelle omgivelser Ali udtrykte i forbindelse med sin asylsag, at han har en negativ holdning til det politiske system: ( ) I have negative opinion about the government here. Se bilag 6, linje 39. Han fortsatte; ( ) I haven t any trust with the government ( ) because, all of the government, lies lies lies. Se bilag 6, linje Bashir forklarede, hvordan en afvisning af hans asylsag har påvirket ham; ( ) if your case is rejected you don t have permission to stay here and the government told you, you have to leave the country, you have 15 days, you feel, you come here, you leave your family to have a better life, and you can t find noting on stay here. So you think too much and a lot of tension and stress. Se bilag 7, linje Under interviewet blev informanterne spurgt om, hvorledes asylcenterets aktivitetsudbud, kunne forbedre deres hverdag. Calel svarede; For the people here, just have the same problem, everyone stay in their home. Like this. But you don t can t work this very problem. Se bilag 8, linje Efterfølgende blev Calel spurgt ind til, om han ønsker at arbejde; Work yes, not like for any country you can t work. Not Denmark, because they give you some money to eat ( ) You cannot go to the outside to work ( ). Se bilag 8, linje Bashir underbyggede dette med; ( ) sometimes I try to make interview and make history but it is not possible, we don t have the permission to do that. Se bilag 7, linje Bashir skrev i dagbogsmaterialet om sin tidligere arbejdsdag: In my past i was a busy man i used to work 13 hours a day so i am not used to seat at home, that is why i feel boring ( ). Se bilag 9, linje Ali berettede, at han i sit tidligere liv havde en travl hverdag: In Syria I haven t any time empty, I love my life ( ) But now I have a lot. Se bilag 6, linje Han fortsatte; ( ) 33

35 but that s I have interesting in my job because I have a purpose in my life I am not tired from this work. Se bilag 6, linje Bashir blev under interviewet spurgt, om det er muligt for ham at realisere sine drømme under de nuværende omgivelser: ( ) I did not talk about my dreams to them, when we need the help, we go ask them, but they can t help us more. Se bilag 7, linje Calel fortalte, hvordan asylopholdet har påvirket ham: ( ) because I m in the Denmark and it is stopping everything ( ). Se bilag 8, linje 186. Ift. den økonomiske støtte berettede Ali; ( ) the money, not enough to all the requires ( ). Se bilag 6, linje 389. Dette understøttede Bashir; ( ) sometimes it is enough and sometimes it is not enough. Se bilag 7, linje 208. Ali gav udtryk for, at han vha. madplaner, får pengene til at række: I have a when I take the money we book a plan, two weeks plan. Se bilag 6, linje 398. Samtidig går han i den nærmeste Røde Kors-butik, da det er billigt at handle der: ( ) Maybe go with my some friends to the cross you know cross shopping?( ) some things we need, that s very cheap yeah, sometimes. Se bilag 6, linje Teoretisk fortolkning ift. de institutionelle omgivelser De forskellige institutioner i samfundet er bundet af juridiske retningslinjer, og de kan muliggøre eller begrænse oplevelsen af medborgerskab og integration i det nye samfund (12, p. 100). De institutionelle omgivelser kan påvirke informanterne, da de er underlagt love og regler grundet deres situation, og kan derved fremme og hæmme muligheder for at engagere sig i betydningsfulde aktiviteter, eksempelvis arbejde (12, p. 99). Informanterne gav udtryk for, at de ønsker at arbejde, idet det giver dem et formål i livet, men at de ikke har muligheden for dette. Dét at være i et lønnet arbejde er en betydningsfuld aktivitet, som kan medvirke til at opnå en social status og accept i samfundet, samt skabe struktur i hverdagen (13, p. 309). Med få aktiviteter til at strukturere dagen og begrænset variation, kan der skabes en følelse af rastløshed og kedsomhed (16, p. 203). Bashir har forsøgt at udføre interviews på asylcenteret og derved følge sin interesse i journalistik, men har ikke tilladelse til dette. På grund af manglende arbejde, har informanterne svært ved at fylde deres hverdag ud. Dette skaber stress, da de er efterladt mange timer uden at foretage sig betydningsfulde aktiviteter. 34

36 Under de institutionelle omgivelser spiller økonomi en afgørende rolle for, hvordan informanternes aktivitetsmuligheder kan påvirkes. Samtidig kan økonomien have indflydelse på, hvor mange ressourcer informanterne har til rådighed (12, p ). Ud fra informanternes udsagn er den økonomiske støtte som de modtager, ikke altid tilstrækkelig og dermed kan det begrænse dem i aktiviteter. Informanterne forsøger at strukturere deres økonomi ved at udarbejde madplaner, handle ind i genbrugsforretninger samt skære ned på alkohol- og tobaksforbrug. 5. Diskussion Nedenstående afsnit vil diskutere undersøgelsens væsentligste resultater ift. andre teoretiske tilgange; Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) samt Aaron Antonovskys begreb om Oplevelse af sammenhæng. Slutteligt ses der nærmere på undersøgelsens interne og eksterne validitet. 5.1 Teori Begrebet Occupational Deprivation er ikke beskrevet tilstrækkeligt deltaljeret mht. omgivelserne, hvilket Whiteford erkender ved at udtrykke et ønske om en større teoretisk udvikling af begrebet (1, p. 545). Dette resulterede i, at det var nødvendigt at inddrage omgivelseselementerne fra CMOP-E. Modellen har givet udfordringer, da den ikke altid formår at gå i dybden med de enkelte omgivelseselementer. Særligt har de sociale omgivelser været svære at anvende i vores analysedel, da disse er opdelt i mikro-, makro- og mesoniveauer. Disse niveauindelinger giver en overfladisk forståelse af de sociale omgivelser, og er derfor ikke medtaget i analysen. I stedet måtte vi inddrage en generel beskrivelse af informanternes sociale omgivelser. Endvidere understreger CMOP-E, at aktivitetsengagement ikke kun er et resultat af omgivelserne, men ligeledes af personen, der udfører aktiviteterne (12, p ). Ud fra vores erfaring kunne samtlige elementer fra modellen med fordel inddrages, og dermed skabe en grundigere undersøgelse af oplevelsen af Occupational Deprivation hos den enkelte informant (12, p 59-60). Dette kunne sætte større fokus på det dynamiske samspil mellem omgivelser, personen og de betydningsfulde aktiviteter, og derved skabe flere nuancer i undersøgelsens resultater. 5.2 Resultater Geografisk isolation Resultaterne viser, at informanterne oplever, at de fysiske omgivelser har indflydelse på deres mulighed for at deltage i betydningsfulde aktiviteter. Ifølge Whiteford kan den geografiske 35

37 isolation, som er opstået i forbindelsen med ankomsten til Danmark og opholdet på asylcenteret, have en indvirkning på informanternes aktivitetsmuligheder (13, p. 306). Vores resultater viser dog, at informanterne benytter sig af transportmuligheder, hvilket medvirker til, at de bryder den geografiske isolation, og dermed skaber flere aktivitetsmuligheder for dem selv. De teknologiske muligheder på asylcenteret er ligeledes en medvirkende faktor til at reducere oplevelsen af den geografiske isolation ved, at informanterne fortsat kan vedligeholde kontakten til hjemlandet. Omvendt er Gary Kielhofners grundtanker, at selvom de teknologiske muligheder er med til at skabe virtuel kontakt, kan disse ikke opveje behovet for den fysiske interaktion mellem mennesker (29, p ). Selvom Kielhofner understreger, at den virtuelle kontakt ikke er tilstrækkelig, vurderer vi, at informanternes oplevelse af Occupational Deprivation ydereligere vil forstærkes, hvis de ingen mulighed har for at kommunikere med familie og venner i hjemlandet Betydningsfulde aktiviteter Ifølge Whiteford er asylansøgere isoleret fra det øvrige samfund (13, p. 317), hvorimod vores resultater indikerer, at informanterne har mulighed for at deltage i aktiviteter udenfor asylcenteret. Problematikken er dog, at disse aktiviteter ikke er betydningsfulde for informanterne. Whiteford beskriver, at mennesker er aktive væsener, der har behov for at indgå i aktiviteter (13, p. 308). Hun lægger ikke vægt på, at disse aktiviteter skal være betydningsfulde, modsat Kielhofner, der understreger vigtigheden af, at nogle af disse aktiviteter skal være betydningsfulde for den enkelte (29, p. 15). Kielhofners tanker stemmer overens med vores resultater, hvor informanterne gav udtryk for, at de mangler betydningsfulde aktiviteter, på trods af aktivitetsudbuddet på asylcenteret og i lokalsamfundet. Vores resultater viser derudover, at arbejde er en særlig betydningsfuld aktivitet for alle tre informanter. De har mulighed for at udføre frivilligt arbejde, men som det fremstilles af Whiteford, giver lønnet arbejde en social status i samfundet, som et frivilligt arbejde ikke altid kan opfylde (13, p. 308). Ali og Bashir har tidligere haft højtstående stillinger, hvor de søgte at opnå succes igennem deres arbejde. Et frivilligt arbejde ville muligvis ikke tilfredse dem i deres søgning efter et formål i livet. Til gengæld kan et frivilligt arbejde i lokalsamfundet skabe nye netværk, aktiviteter og forbedring af informanternes sproglige evner. På den måde kan der opnås et tilhørsforhold til den nye kultur og derved en følelse af at bidrage til det danske samfund. 36

38 5.2.3 Forskelle i informanternes situation Alle tre informanter er placeret på samme asylcenter under samme vilkår. Ali og Bashir har en positiv tilgang til hverdagen, hvorimod Calel er særligt påvirket af situationen. Ift. den valgte teoretiske tilgang i undersøgelsen, har det ikke været muligt at belyse ovenstående forskelle i informanternes tilstand. Aaron Antonovskys begreb om Oplevelse af sammenhæng beskriver, hvorledes nogle mennesker kan klare svære situationer og kriser, hvorimod andre ikke har samme psykiske robusthed (30, p ). Oplevelse af sammenhæng kan således anvendes til at forstå, hvorfor de tre informanter takler deres situation forskelligt. Ifølge Antonovsky skal dette ses i sammenhæng med, at Calel har en svag Oplevelse af sammenhæng, sammenlignet med de to øvrige informanter. Der kan være flere forklaringer på, at Calel er mere påvirket af sin situation. Dette kan bl.a. skyldes, at han har opholdt sig på asylcenteret i en længere periode end de andre to informanter. Derudover er Calel blevet skilt fra sin kone efter ankomst til Danmark, hvilket ligeledes kan være en medvirkende forklaring. 5.3 Metode Intern validitet Dette afsnit tager udgangspunkt i Kvales definition af validitet, der omhandler, hvorvidt en metode undersøger dét, den har til formål at undersøge (27, p. 272). Med andre ord ses der nærmere på, hvorvidt cultural probes og semistruktureret interviews har undersøgt, hvilke omgivelsesmæssige faktorer, der påvirker informanternes oplevelse af Occupational Deprivation. Validering skal som udgangspunkt være gennemgående for hele forskningsprocessen (27, p. 274). De vigtigste elementer af processen er diskuteret nedenfor Udvælgelse af informanter Udvælgelsen af informanter blev overladt til centerlederen på asylcenteret. Hun havde kendskab til alle beboerne, og dermed hvilke, der kunne være åbne overfor at deltage på baggrund af inklusionskriterierne. Ét af kriterierne var det sproglige informanterne skulle tale og forstå enten engelsk eller dansk for at undgå tolk som mellemled. Det blev efterfølgende erfaret, at deres engelskniveau var basalt og derfor var kommunikation mellem informant og interviewer til tider en udfordring. Dette skabte misforståelser både i form af spørgsmålene til informanterne og deres besvarelse hertil, hvilket kan have påvirket undersøgelsens resultater, da vi muligvis kan have fejlfortolket det sagte under interviewene og analysen. 37

39 Et mere aktivt samarbejde med centerlederen, hvor vi havde mulighed for at foretage en forhåndsvurdering ift. inklusionskriterierne, kunne have afklaret, om informanterne var egnede til deltagelse. Dette kunne eventuelt være opnået ved, at vi havde ført en længere samtale med dem for at vurdere deres sproglige niveau inden interviews og udlevering af cultural probes for på den måde at afklare, om tolk var en nødvendighed Dataindsamling Pilottest af cultural probes blev fravalgt, idet det blev antaget, at personlig instruktion på engelsk ville være tilstrækkeligt til at producere validt datamateriale fra informanterne. Informanterne havde givet udtryk for at have forstået, hvad de enkelte opgaver gik ud på, men de var ikke altid i stand til at gøre rede for, hvorfor de havde taget de enkelte billeder, og mange af billederne havde kun begrænset relevans ift. undersøgelsens problemformulering. Inddragelse af tolk kunne sikre, at opgavernes formål var forstået, og kunne give dem mulighed for at besvare opgaverne på deres modersmål. Dagbogsmaterialet indeholdt dog relevante refleksioner over både datid, nutid og fremtid, der var brugbare ift. senere analyse. Vi har gennem projektet erfaret, at cultural probes stiller store krav til, at informanterne har overskud til egne refleksioner, da metoden er brugerdreven. Dette overskud er muligvis ikke altid til stede, da informanterne i forvejen befinder sig i en sårbar situation. Vi kunne i stedet have udarbejdet én enkelt opgave fremfor tre opgaver for at simplificere opgaveudførelsen for informanterne. Spørgsmålet er dog fortsat, hvorvidt dataindsamlingsmetoden er brugbar overfor målgruppen. Validiteten af det indsamlede materiale kunne være styrket ved pilottest af metoden. Cultural probes kunne være uddelt til informanten, der medvirkede i pilotinterviewet. Dette kunne være en løsning, men på baggrund af, at opgaverne og spørgsmålene forstås individuelt, ville denne metode muligvis ikke være tilstrækkelig for at sikre en forståelse hos alle informanter. Interviewguiden blev testet vha. et pilotinterview, og dette resulterede efterfølgende i, at interviewguiden blev uddybet og præciseret (27, p ). Den udvalgte informant har opholdt sig i Danmark i ca. tre år og har et fornuftigt kendskab til både engelsk og dansk. Dette medførte, at overvejelser om inddragelse af tolk ikke blev til mere. Vi kan nu se, at det gav nogle udfordringer både i transskriptionen og forståelsen under interviewsituationen, at tolken blev fravalgt. Tolken 38

40 kunne bidrage til en dybere forståelse af informanternes udsagn under interviewet, da informanterne virkede begrænsede i deres udsagn grundet deres sprogbarriere. Informanterne havde ikke mødt den primære interviewer før, hvilket gjorde, at det var vigtigt at etablere en kontakt til de enkelte informanter meget hurtigt (27, p ). Dette virkede til at lykkedes i alle tilfælde, da informanterne var imødekommende og åbne overfor den primære interviewer. Kontakten, og dermed fortroligheden, kunne muligvis være højnet yderligere, hvis den primære interviewer havde været med i forbindelse med udlevering af cultural probes. Alle interviews foregik på engelsk, men hverken interviewere eller informanter har engelsk som deres primære talte sprog. Det kunne have højnet kvaliteten af interviewene betydeligt, hvis der havde været en tolk tilstede under interviewene. Dette kunne give flere nuancer i de enkelte besvarelser og dermed kvaliteten af de producerede data. En tolk kunne under interviewet med Calel med fordel være inddraget, da han flere gange under interviewet misforstod spørgsmålene. En anden overvejelse er, at informanternes situation er sårbar. Selvom undersøgelsens resultater ikke har indvirkning på deres asylsag, er der risiko for, at deres svar har været påvirket af denne situation og således ikke er helt i overensstemmelse med virkeligheden. Calel svarede eksempelvis på spørgsmålet omhandlende myndighedernes indflydelse på hans muligheder for at arbejde i Danmark: I m not going to say anything about the system, I like the system. Se bilag 8, linje 264. Denne bekymring er forsøgt minimeret ved at informere om, at datamaterialet anonymiseres og ikke videregives. Som supplement til de enkelte interviews, kunne et fokusgruppeinterview anvendes som dataindsamlingsmetode. Dette kunne åbne op for mere spontane og forskellige synspunkter, og på den måde skabe en dynamisk dialog mellem informanterne og intervieweren (27, p.170). På den anden side kunne et fokusgruppeinterview medføre, at én af informanterne ville dominere samtalen, hvilket kunne resultere i, at de øvrige informanter bliver passive. Dette vil afspejle sig i resultaterne, da disse således ikke vil repræsentere alles holdninger. Derudover kunne det tænkes, at informanterne ikke ønsker at diskutere følsomme emner i gruppen Transskription af interviews Inddragelse af tolk under transskriberingsprocessen kunne ydereligere have sikret projektets validitet, da hverken informanterne eller de personer, der transskriberede interviewene, havde engelsk som modersmål. Eftersom tolk blev fravalgt, er der en risiko for, at de producerede data kan 39

41 indeholde sproglige misforståelser af informanternes udsagn. Dette kan yderligere medføre fejlfortolkning, og at vores resultater således ikke afspejler informanternes reelle holdninger (27, p ). Personerne, der transskriberede, var ikke involveret i selve interviewene, hvilket reducerede risikoen for fortolkninger i oversættelsen fra lyd til skrift. Efter afsluttet interviews, har interviewerne en generel idé om indholdet, hvorved der skabes en ny forforståelse. Denne forforståelse kan hæmme en fænomenologisk bearbejdning af lydmaterialet. Kvaliteten af de enkelte transskriptioner kunne være højnet yderligere, hvis to personer separat havde transskriberet hvert interview. Herved kunne risikoen for misforståelser og generelle problemer med at høre visse passager af interviewene reduceres. Derudover kunne informanterne blive bedt om at læse transskriptionerne igennem for at bekræfte rigtigheden af det sagte (27, p ) Analyse Den kvalitative metode påvirkes af de forforståelser forskerne er præget af, og det har derfor været vigtigt, at analysen blev foretaget i fællesskab. Dette kan skabe en mere nuanceret diskussion af data, hvilket derved kan sikre projektets validitet. En udfordring kan være, at en enkelt persons forforståelse kan blive styrende gennem analysebearbejdningen, hvis andres forforståelser ikke kommer til udtryk. Informanterne kunne med fordel inddrages i analyseprocessen, hvilket kunne have styrket analysens konklusion. Informanterne kunne således bekræfte, hvorvidt fortolkningerne var korrekte og var tro mod deres holdninger Ekstern validitet Undersøgelsens problemformulering er inspireret af Morvilles PhD-studie, og underbygget med andre studier indenfor ergoterapi og asylansøgere. Således er der gennem grundig litteratursøgning, gjort et forsøg på at afdække de berørte emneområder og herved sikre, at projektets formål har relevans ift. det øvrige forskningsfelt. Vi må dog erkende, at vores søgning har været begrænset til to primære databaser, Cinahl og PubMed, som er suppleret med primærkilder til fundne bøger og artikler. Dette betyder, at vi ikke med sikkerhed kan garantere, at der ikke er foretaget lignende studier. 40

42 6. Konklusion Ud fra ovenstående analyse vil undersøgelsens resultater konkluderes. På baggrund af undersøgelsens resultater forhindrer de fysiske, sociale, kulturelle og institutionelle omgivelser informanterne i at deltage i betydningsfulde aktiviteter, og derved skabes en oplevelse af Occupational Deprivation. Resultaterne har vist, at opholdet i Danmark på et asylcenter, har indvirkning på informanternes hverdag i form af manglende struktur og variation, samt en isoleret tilværelse med begrænset aktivitetsmuligheder. Asylcenterets aktivitetstilbud er ikke tilstrækkelige til at skabe mening i livet for informanterne. Empirien har vist, at alle tre informanter er motiveret for at deltage i joblignende aktiviteter, der vil sætte dem i stand til at udvikle arbejdsrelaterede kvalifikationer og herved sikre deres egen og familiens fremtid. Dette er dog ikke muligt, idet retten til at arbejde, er reguleret lovmæssigt af de institutionelle omgivelser, som dermed bliver en direkte årsag til informanternes oplevelse af Occupational Deprivation. Indirekte spiller de kulturelle forskelle og sproglige udfordringer ligeledes en betydelig rolle. Det kan således konkluderes, at ergoterapeuter skal have mere fokus på at skabe forandring i en større politisk og samfundsmæssig kontekst, hvis oplevelsen af Occupational Deprivation overhovedet skal kunne reduceres hos informanterne. 7. Perspektivering Dette afsnit vil præsentere perspektiver ift. forslag til fremtidige undersøgelser med et ergoterapeutisk fokus. Projektets problemformulering lægger op til en snæver teoretisk vinkel på asylansøgernes hverdag på asylcenteret. Fremtidige undersøgelser kunne med fordel inddrage et bredere perspektiv, hvor Occupational Injustice med de underliggende begreber Occupational Imbalance, Marginalization og Alienation kan anvendes som teoretisk referenceramme (13, p. 338). Begrebet Occupational Deprivation tillader kun, at forskerne betragter asylansøgere ud fra én bestemt vinkel ift. hverdagen på et asylcenter. Et bredere teoretisk perspektiv kunne bidrage til en større forståelse og et mere nuanceret billede af asylansøgernes situation. På baggrund af vores resultater kunne fremtidige studier med fordel undersøge, hvorvidt det er en generel tendens, at de institutionelle omgivelser har en indvirkning på asylansøgernes hverdag. For 41

43 at undersøge dette, kunne flere asylcentre i landet inddrages i en videre undersøgelse, for på den måde at sammenligne dem og klarlægge om der er en eksisterende problematik. Såfremt dette viser sig at være tilfældet, kan ergoterapeuter med baggrund i den Canadiske Model for Klientcentreret Muliggørelse (CMCE) benytte en række muliggørende færdigheder i form af at forfægte og samarbejde. Disse færdigheder kan anvendes for at skabe større opmærksomhed samt oplyse omkring asylansøgernes situation, og herigennem påvirke omgivelserne på et højere politisk og samfundsmæssigt niveau. Derudover kan ergoterapeuter skabe fokus på asylansøgernes muligheder for at arbejde ved at indgå i et samarbejde på tværs af sektorer og organisationer. Hensigten med samarbejdet er at lette de nuværende betingelser og regler, der er opstillet for asylansøgerne, og derved muliggøre deltagelse på det danske arbejdsmarked (12, p ). 42

44 References 1. Whiteford G. From occupational deprivation to social inclusion: Retrospective insights. Br J Occup Ther [Internet] [cited 2015 jan 2]; Dec (12): 545. Available from: 2. Eurostat. Asylum in the EU. Eurostat News release [Internet] [cited 2015 jun 2];53:1-6 Available from: 3. Justitsministeriet, Udlændingestyrelsen, Arbejdsmarked Rekruttering. Tal på udlændingeområdet pr [Internet]. København: Udlændingestyrelsen 2015 [cited 2015 jun 2]. Available from: 7AAF44DE1F12/0/senestetalpaaudlomrpdfpdf.pdf. 4. Justitsministeriet, Udlændingestyrelsen, Arbejdsmarked Rekruttering. Tal og fakta på udlændingeområdet 2013 [Internet]. København: Udlændingestyrelsen 2014 [cited 2015 jun 2]. Available from: 5. Strijk PJM, Meijel BV, Gamel CJ. Health and Social Needs of Traumatized Refugees and Asylum Seekers: An Explorative Study. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2011; 47: Udlændingestyrelsen. Hvor ligger centrene?[internet]. Kbh: Udlændingestyrelsen [cited 2015 jun 2]. Available from: 7. Røde Kors. Dagligdagen som Asylansøger [Internet].Røde Kors. [cited 2015 jun 2]. Available from: 43

45 8. Wilcock AA. Reflections on doing, being, becoming*. Aust Occup Ther J. 1999;46: Morville AL. Daily occupations among asylum seekers: Experience, performance and perception [dissertation], [Internet]. Lund: Lund University; 2014 [cited 2015 jun 2]. Available from: Hvass J, Kongstad J. Rød blok: asylansøgere skal i job efter få uger [Internet]. Jyllandsposten [cited 2015 jun 2]. Available from: f%c3%a5+uger/ 11. Townsend E, editor. Fremme af menneskelig aktivitet ergoterapi i et canadisk perspektiv. Kbh.: Munksgaard Danmark; Townsend EA, Polatajko HJ. Menneskelig aktivitet II. Kbh.: Munksgaard Danmark; Christiansen CH, Townsend EA, editor. Introduction to Occupational: The Art and Science of Living. 2 nd ed. NJ: Pearson Education Inc; Udlændingestyrelsen. Asyl [Internet]. Kbh: Udlændingestyrelsen [cited 2015 jun 2]. Available from: Wilcock AA. An Occupational Perspective of Health. NJ: Slack Inc.; Whiteford G. Occupational Deprivation: Global Challenge in the new Millennium. Br J Occup Ther. 2000;63(5): Townsend E, Wilcock AA. Occupational terminology interactive dialogue. J Occup Sci. 2000;7: Townsend E, Wilcock AA. Occupational justice and client-centered practice: A dialogue in progress. Can J Occup Ther [Internet] [cited jun 2] ;71(2):

46 Available from: Whiteford G. Understanding the occupational deprivation of refugees: A case study from Kosovo. Can J Occup Ther. 2005;72(2): Birkler J. Videnskabsteori en grundbog. Kbh.: Munksgaard Danmark; Ebdrup N. Hvad er Hermeneutik? [Internet]. Videnskab.dk [cited 2015 jun 02]. Available from: Kvale S. InterView: En introduktion til det kvalitative forskningsinterview. Kbh.: Hans Reitzel; Thagaard T. Systematik og indlevelse En indføring i kvalitativ metode. Kbh.: Akademisk forlag; Martinsen B, Norlyk, A. Tre kvalitative forskningstilgange. Sygeplejersken [Internet] [cited 2015 jun 2]; 12: Available from: Harboe T. Metode og projektskrivning en introduktion. 2nd ed. Frederiksberg: Samfundslitteratur; Gaffney G. What is a Cultural Probe? [Internet]. Information & Design; [Cited 2015 Jun 2]. Available from: 27 Kvale S, Brinkmann S. Interview: Introduktion til et håndværk. 2nd edition. Kbh.: Hans Reitzel; Glasdam S, editor. Bachelorprojekter inden for det sundhedsfaglige område indblik i videnskabelige metoder. Kbh.: Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck; Kielhofner G. Model Of Human Occupation. 4 th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;

47 30. Antonovsky A. Helbredets mysterium. 2nd ed. Kbh.: Hans Ritzels Forlag; Anvendt referencesystem: Vancouver 46

48 Bilagsliste Bilag 1: Dosisguide. Bilag 2: Introduktionsbrev for cultural probes. Bilag 3: Billede af cultural probes boks. Bilag 4: Cultural probes opgaver. Bilag 5: Interviewguide. Bilag 6: Transskribering af interview med Ali. Bilag 7: Transskribering af interview med Bashir. Bilag 8: Transskribering af interview med Calel. Bilag 9: Transskribering af dagbogsmateriale fra Bashir. Bilag 10: Billedanalyse. Bilag 11: Meningskategorisering af Ali, Bashir og Calel. Bilag 12: Meningskondensering af Ali, Bashir og Calel. Bilag 13: Samtykkeerklæring til centerleder. Bilag 14: Samtykkeerklæring til informanter. Bilag 15: Formidling. 47

49 Bilag 1 Dosisguide. DOkumenteret Systematisk InformationsSøgning - guide Titel: Aktivitetsmæssig retfærdighed på et dansk asylcenter En kvalitativ undersøgelse Problemstilling: Hvilke omgivelsesmæssige faktorer har betydning for oplevelsen af Occupational Deprivation hos asylansøgere på et dansk asylcenter? Stikord på dansk: Aktivitetsmssig frarøvelse, asylansøgere, aktivitet, omgivelser og ergoterapi Stikord på engelsk: Occupational Deprivation, asylum seeker, occupation, environment, Occupational Therapy 2. Beskriv din søgestrategi Database eller informationskilde Cinahl PubMed Google.com Begrundelse for valg af database eller informationskilde Dato / periode for søgning Kvalitativ artikeldatabas med stort udbud af sundhedsfaglige artikler. Denne database er brugt som udgangspunkt for søgninger, da den indeholder mange ergoterapeutiske artikler. Medicinsk database, der er brugt til supplerende søgninger. Dels for at underbygge søgninger i Cinahl og dels for at finde nye artikler der evt. belyser andre vinkler på problemstillingen. Søgninger er brugt til at finde konkrete artikler i forbindelse med kædesøgninger. Den er ligeledes brugt til at finde supplerende informationer om emner til opgavens problemstilling. Eksempelvis kan nævnes videnskabsteori og regler vedr. asyl. Februar til juni 2015 Februar til juni 2015 Februar til juni

50 3. Beskriv din søgestrategi Tema 1: Asylansøgere Tema 2: Hverdagsliv Tema 3: Livskvalitet Tema 4: Ergoterapi Database 1 Cihnal: Kontrollerede emneord: Refugees Fritekst: Asylum seeker* Asylum* Kontrollerede emneord: Occupational Justice Activities of daily living Fritekst: Boredom Occupational Deprivation Occupational Justice Kontrollerede emneord: Social inclusion Quality of life Fritekst: Kontrollerede emneord: Occupational Therapy* Fritekst: CMOP-E Database 2 PubMed: Kontrollerede emneord: refugees Fritekst: Asylum seeker Asylum Kontrollerede emneord: Activities of daily living Boredom Fritekst: Occupational justice Occupational deprivation Kontrollerede emneord: Quality of life Fritekst: Social inclusion Kontrollerede emneord: Occupational Therapy Fritekst: CMOP-E 4. Beskriv dine selektionskriterier Publikationsår Sprog Aldersgruppe Publikationstype Database 1 Cinahl: Database 2 PubMed: Engelsk og dansk Engelsk og dansk 2

51 5. Søgeresultat Tema 1: Asylansøgere Tema 2: Hverdagsliv Tema 3: Livskvalitet Tema 4: Ergoterapi Database 1 Cinahl: Refugees 4201 Asylum seeker* Asylum* Occupational Justice 5 Activities of daily living Boredom* Occupational Deprivation* Occupational Justice* Social inclusion* Quality of life Occupational Therapy CMOP-E* - 37 Database 2 PubMed: Refugees 6901 Asylum seeker Asylum Activities of daily living Boredom Occupational Justice Occupational deprivation Quality of life Social inclusion Occupational Therapy Canadian model of performance and engagement Søgeresultat (fortsat) Database 1 Cinahl: Database 2 PubMed: Asylansøgere AND Hverdagsliv F.eks. Asylansøgere AND Hverdagsliv AND livskvalitet F.eks. Asylansøgere AND Hverdagsliv AND livskvalitet AND Ergoterapi F.eks. Asylansøgere AND Ergoterapi 3

52 Bilag 2 Introduktionsbrev for cultural probes. Hej! Du har nu fået udleveret en æske, som indeholder et engangskamera, kuglepenne, blyanter, farveblyanter, post-its, skriveblokke og lidt søde sager Det har du fået, da vi er ved at skrive en opgave, der handler om din hverdag. Tanken er, at disse ting skal bruges til at beskrive din hverdag her på asylcentret. Eksempelvis kan du tage billeder, tegne eller skrive en note om, hvad du kan lide at lave her på asylcentret samt hvad du ønsker, at der også var på asylcentret. Du må gerne være kreativ og bruge din fantasi. Der er ingen grænser og ingen forkerte svar! Mange tak for hjælpen. Det sætter vi stor pris på. Venlig hilsen Marie, Andrea, Maiken, Mikael og Dzenita. Hi! You've received a box containing a disposable camera, pens, pencils, crayons, post-its, writing pads and some sweets We are writing an assignment about your everyday life. The idea is that these things can be used to describe your everyday life here at the asylum center. For example, you can take pictures, draw or write a note about what you like to do here and as well as what you wish you could do at the asylum center. You can be creative and use your imagination. There are no limits and no wrong answers! Thank you so much for your help. We truly appreciate it. Sincerely, Marie, Andrea, Maiken, Mikael and Dzenita. 1

53 Bilag 3 Billede af cultural probes boks. 1

54 Bilag 4 Cultural probes opgaver. Opgave 1: Beskriv fortid Hvilke aktiviteter betød mest for dig tidligere - F.eks. fritidsinteresser, arbejde, familieaktiviteter, religiøse aktiviteter, andet? Task 1: Decribe your past What activities meant the most to you in the past for example spare time interests, work, doing things with family, religious activities, other activities? Opgave 2: Beskriv nutid på asylcenteret Hvilke aktiviteter betyder mest for dig nu? F.eks. fritidsinteresser, arbejde, familieaktiviteter, religiøse aktiviteter, andet? Savner du nogen aktiviteter i din hverdag? F.eks. fritidsinteresser, arbejde, familieaktiviteter, religiøse aktiviteter, andet? Task 2: Describe your present life at the asylum center What activities means the most to you now for example spare time interests, work, doing things with family, religious activities, other activities? Do you miss any activities in your daily life for example spare time interests, work, doing things with family, religious activities, other activities? Opgave 3: Beskriv en bedre fremtid på asylcenteret Kunne du forestille dig nogle aktiviteter der ville give en bedre hverdag på asylcenteret? Task 3: describe a better future for you at the asylum center Could you imagine any activities that would give you a better daily life at the asylum center for example spare time interests, work, doing things with family, religious activities, other activities? 1

55 Bilag 5 Interviewguide. Baggrund Background 1. Dit navn og alder? Your name and age? 2. Hvor kommer du fra? Where are you from? 3. Hvor lang tid har du opholdt dig her i How long have you been in Denmark? Danmark? 4. Hvordan kan det være, at du er kommet til Why did you come to Denmark? Danmark? 5. Er du kommet til Danmark alene? 6. - Hvilken betydning har dette for dig i Did you come by yourself? - How does this affect you in your daily life? hverdagen? Fortid Past 7. Hvad lavede du i dit hjemland? 8. Uddannelse? 9. Job? Fritid? What did you do in your home country? - Education? - Work? - Spare time? Hvilken betydning har arbejde/uddannelse for dig? (økonomi, identitet, social status) Hvad betyder netværk for dig i hjemlandet? What does work/education mean to you? (finance, identity, social status) - What did relations mean to you in your home country Hvad lavede du med venner og familie? - What did you do with family and friends? Kan du beskrive din hverdag i dit hjemland? How would you describe a typical day in your home country? Hvilke rutiner havde du dér? Hvilken betydning havde disse aktiviteter for dig? - What routines did you have? - What meaning did these activities have for you? Nutid Present Hvordan ser din hverdag ud nu på What does a typical day for you at the asylum asylcentret? - Foretager du dig noget udenfor asylcentret? center look like? - Do you have any activities outside the 1

56 Sprogets betydning i hverdagen (både med danskere og med andre på centeret) - Hvordan ser dit netværk ud nu? - Hvad laver du med venner og familie? - Du får økonomisk støtte dækker den dine behov? Hvilke aktiviteter tilbydes her på asylcentret? - Gør du brug af disse? Hvis ja, hvilke? - Har du selv aktivt gjort noget for at opsøge aktiviteter? (kan du give eksempler?) Hvad betyder det for dig, at asylcentret tilbyder disse aktivitet for dig? Oplever du, at der mangler nogle aktiviteter på asylcentret, som du ønsker at lave? Fremtid Hvilke ønsker og drømme har du for fremtiden? - Hvordan understøtter eller hæmmer dine nuværende aktiviteter på centeret disse? Hvordan er din oplevelse af dit asylforløb indtil nu? - Hvordan oplevede du, at du blev placeret på dette asylcenter (manglende indflydelse)? asylum center? Meaning/implication of language in the everyday life (both with Danes and other residents at the center) - What do you think about your relations now - What do you do with family and friends? - You get financial support from the Danish government does it cover the needs you have? What kind of activities are offered at the asylum center? Which of these activities do you participate in? - Have you done anything to find new activities (give examples?). How do you feel about these activities? Do you feel that there are any activities missing that you would like to do? Future What wishes and dreams do you have for the future? - How does your present activities at the asylum center support or prevent these wishes and dreams? What is your experience of the asylum application process this far? - What did you feel about being placed at this center (lack of influence)? Occupational Deprivation Vi er interesseret i begrebet Occupational Deprivation. Det omhandler en tilstand, hvor Occupational Deprivation We are interested a term called Occupational Deprivation. It is when you cannot participate 2

57 du ikke er i stand til at deltage i betydningsfulde aktiviteter grundet omstændigheder udenfor din kontrol. - Er det noget, du kan relatere til? in activities that you really want to because of things outside of your control. - Is this something you can relate to? 3

58 Bilag 6 Transskribering af interview med Ali. Interviewer (I). Informant (A) I: We have some question written down. So we just want to go through them. And whatever you feel, you can just answer it, and if you have any questions on the way, you just tell us A: Okay I: So first of all, just for the record your name and age? A: My name? A: My name is A I: And your age? A: 38 years. And originally, where are you from? A: jeg kommer I am coming from Syria I: yeah. What part of Syria is that? A: What? I: What part of Syria. North, south? A: I m from south Syria I: Okay, yeah. A large city or a small city? A: I m from a middle city Y, that s the area around Syria I: Okay 1

59 A: Around Damaskus I: Ah okay, so it s close to a really big city A: Yeah I: So how many people live in that place? A: about I: Ah okay, so it big. By Danish standards it s very big A: Yeah yeah I: So How come you came to Denmark? Why did you come to Denmark? Was that a coincidence just why did you come to Denmark or not Greece, or England or Germany? A: Why?. Why did you end in Denmark or come to Denmark instead of perhaps Germany or Italy? A: When I go to the Sweden, their police catch me I: Ah okay. Yeah that s why A: I don t want to come to Denmark in the beginning I: Okay A: In the beginning, yeah. Because the Sweden government have a I believe with the Sweden government. But I don t have any information about the Denmark government yeah not negative, but I don t have the information, but now I have negative I: It s okay to have A: Yeah, I have negative opinion about the government here I: There s gonna be an election soon, and it s all about politics and it is A: Yeah yeah yeah 2

60 I: It s a lot of focus on especially on this area, for some reason it just everytime there is an election there s a lot of focus on it and people in Denmark are really really divided A: Yeah yeah yeah I: Some want to be really really strict and some feel, we have to help people A: Yeah I: it s sometime really uncomfortable because you are the people who are like stuck in the middle of this huge discussion A: Yeah but because I am from Syria I have many difficulties in my life my family is waiting for me waiting for positive news A: To come to me, yeah. But until now I haven t any any any positive news. Yeah. That s make difficult and make problems I: So how do you feel about this long process? A: I feel very sad. Very very very sadly because the war in Syria haven t any signal to end. All was I: The conflicts A: Yeah yeah yeah I: When it started I thought it was gonna end in a perhaps a couple of years. It is surprising how long is gone on now. A: What? I: No, I just said I didn t think the war would last that long in Syria. It didn t seem like it would last that long. At the beginning In Syria A: Yeah, in Syria that s 4 years now I: It s a long time now A: Yes a long time. No war like this war. It is a dirty war 3

61 A: Have a negative effect this war become or give a very negative effect to the people and the children have many many negative effect their science process, the university when the war comes my job in Syria... I m a manager of a production of washing machine I: Ah, yeah A: Yeah today, every day I have product 400 washing machine. Yeah. In the past but now the factory is destroyed. And the war comes and stop it, yeah in their homes. This is a very problem, of course A: This war I haven t in the story any war like this All though Hitler because this is from inside. We haven t any real picture to our enemy, government or ISS all Islamic I: State? A: No no, Islamic state, yeah. ISS, Islamic state but there is many things I: Just to get a little back to this next questions is what did you do in your home country, and we know you were working as a factory manager A: Yeah, I m a manager because my science degree, I m engineer, I m a machine engineer I: Ah okay yeah. So did you have any spare time interest? What did you do when you did not work, what did you do in Syria? A: In Syrian I haven t any time empty, I love my life I: Very busy life A: Yeah, and this this work or job are a complex job. Have an effect, a negative effect to my family because there is no empty. I have in my section 139 workers I: Okay yeah, that s many people A: Yeah it is many people, and many difficult and the production is a difficult process production I haven t any empty time in the life in Syria. But now I have a lot 92 I: But what about the weekends? You also work on the weekends? 4

62 A: In the weekend I the weekend in Syria is Friday A: Friday to the special workers. But the general or government workers have Saturday and Friday. I: Free? A: Free A: But we because I work in the special work my factory, our factory, special work, not to the government. In Syria there is factory to the government and factory to the I: Private sector? A: To the man business man A: Yeah. Because that I have one day, holiday and free in the weekend. A: This one day sometimes because there is a pray. Do you know pray? A: This Friday we have pray and the middle of this pray, we go to the mosque, yeah. This give a stop to any strong ideas to go, to any area but although I give I take my family and my mom, my mamma to the we have a good nature in Syria. We go to the, near the rivers and the mountain A: And eating some meat I: To eat something, yeah A: Yes. Yeah and my baby, my children in the summer and in the spring, yeah. Because the weather in Syria is very very nice 5

63 A: We have a good not like this I: Cold? A: Yeah. Very cold we have 4 seasons, like here 4 seasons winter is winter, 3 months. And spring is good weather and summer is high to the 40 degrees. Yeah in the end of the summer A: Because Syria and the Middle East is good weather. Not like here were you have nine months of winter A: Yeah I: It could feel like that but you said family did you come to Denmark alone? Or with your family? A: What? I: Did you come by yourself to Denmark? A: Yeah I come I: Only you? A: Yeah. My family is in Syria I: Okay A: Yeah, I said to you it s very difficult I: So, you think a lot about your family every day? Because they are still in Syria A: Yeah I: Does it make you feel like lonely? Or Do you have people to talk to here? A: Yeah yeah I have many people but my children that s a special feeling, of course 6

64 A: Because my children say papa A: I have three children, how old are they? A: Six years, five years and the smallest two years, yeah I: All are really wonderful ages A: Yeah I: So can you talk to them on skype or computer, or any? A: The telephone no skype. The service of the internet not speedily in Syria, yeah I: Mmh A: Because that I find WhatsApp or any line any programs, communication programs, so when you were working as a factory manager in Syria what does work mean to you? Is it because of you work because you want to earn money or is it because you feel like you get some status in the society, or what is your motivation for working in Syria? A: Yeah I in the main purpose, the first purpose I want to to be succeed, in my life. Because I have study many years and because I want to the personality reason, yeah A: To give my results of my study. Yeah. And the second reason also for money, but the money is not the main. Because I m not, in Syria a poor man, I m in the middle. I have my family, my father and my our brothers have a shopping in this town. In my town, yeah A: And I have, in Syria, a car a good car. That s a Kia. Kia 40. That s good. Full option, that s a new car, a very new car 166 A: That s gone in the war. All of this is gone. 7

65 , so what your family is still living your wife and children are still living in the house now? A: Yeah not in my house my house is destroyed I: Totally destroyed? A: Yeah, my house and our town is destroyed. Now my family live besides this town because this town became a military area I: Ah okay A: Because that, any people cannot live in Syria maybe if you are sit down like this maybe boom A: Yeah yeah. That s in anywhere, any place if you go to the Damaskus, the people go to the war, and the war done I: Break out? A: Yeah, break out I: Terrible A: Yeah yeah, very terrible in Syria this view is very suddenly and very stranger in Syria we haven t any war for a long 30 years, it s a long time A: But now the baby if he is here normally no problem that s a very problem, very high problem because the generation who become, which become after this time the persons of him, of this day maybe go to the reasons people because this fuel normally, they will think it s normal A: Yeah yeah, normal because that the world have the world and Obama and America, and also Denmark also that once world that number one world have a must give a 8

66 solution to this war, yeah not to stop you must stop this war the main reason to this war, Bashar Al Assad, yeah A: Because all army we have strong army in Syria A: This army at all-time be ready to fighting Israel and fighting because that have a strong army this is strong army where go to the people A: Okay they have strong weapons not with guns, with chemical weapons so just to return to your life in Syria are you very dependent on relations to other people. Do you know a lot of people in the past? Are you very depending on other people to get things done. Was that a normal part of your day? A: Not like in the past I: No but in the past you was you knew a lot of people A: Yeah yeah, because of people in Syria not like this, we have in Syrian we have very I: Warm? A: Yeah yeah yeah and in Syrian people are very romantic I: So it means a lot to you still to be able to talk with other people? A: Yeah yeah yeah so mostly you A: This this sorry A: This life or former life in Syria 9

67 A: Because I m roady in this, in my life because that I have problem in Denmark A: Not like in Syria in Syria our town all the people we know them yeah, and all the time we took, yeah A: But in Denmark no romantic or, if you want anything I: Mmh A: Come, a few you don t know X if you want just, tok tok no talk I: We are cold cold people? A: Yeah, cold people and negative people but I don t know any reason for this because, maybe because the war from Hitler yeah, I don t know I: So how would you describe a typical day in your home country before the war you would get up, when would you when you got up and eat breakfast and what would you do then? A: Yeah yeah I would get up to the at six O clock, yeah I take a cup of coffee and at in the 6 and a quarter must be, go to the my job A: After one time, I arrive to my job, yeah at seven and a quarter the workers comes, the workers comes to the, this moment at seven and a half we start the production and at 12 and a half we have rest to one O clock I: Okay yeah A: At four o clock we finished four o clock we finished, maybe we have overtime, yeah that s much happened, because we have many productions planes yeah overtime from four O clock to eight O clock, yeah at eight O clock finished, we finish, yeah I: Okay yeah A: And go to our our homes I arrived at nine o clock, yeah 10

68 My family the children, wake up whit my wife I: It s a very long day A: Yeah but that s I have interesting in my job because I have a purpose in my life I am not angry from this work I: So what about your typical day here at the asylum center. It s very different now a normal day here at this center, you know what is it like now? A: I always always, I want to escape from the the time in this center or in this state or this country I escape in my mind I: Mmh A: To wonder a good life my good life events all to Facebook and communicate with my friends I have many friends in the world, yeah I have in Sweden from 17 years my friend in Sweden, yeah and I have from five years in Scotland A: All of this engineer A: From my friend in the university in Studia I: Australia? A: Yeah, Australia and there is many engineer in the Saudi Arabia in Syria some, until now I communicate with them, and what about, how are you A: Yeah, and my there is many friend from male or female no problem because we have a free not like Saudi Arabia, yeah 11

69 I: Just to return to your day here. When do you get up here is that nine O clock, 10 O clock, eight O clock, when do you wake up here? A: I wake up at seven and a half, yeah I: Mmh, then you make breakfast? A: No breakfast, I have Syrian coffee I: it s strong I can imagine? A: Yeah I: So you get a cup of coffee and then what do you do normally? A: Yeah, cup of coffee and check the news about my country if any, if Bashar Al Assad go down, you re hoping A: Yeah that s hopeless if anything happened about the town, my family because I can obtain the news fastly fastly than my wife I: Faster? A: Yeah, faster because that, when I show that haven t no no bad news happened around them, that s it give relax to me, yeah if I have a short time, empty time to call my wife in the morning, and give a positive I: News? A: Feeling and positive news about me or about their news A: That s give a good day to my life, my family and give my day a good start, of course A: Yeah and I m ready to go to school we have four times in the week to go to the school went to the school at eight and a half and return to the house and then take breakfast with my friend or with my friend and take breakfast, and my breakfast is Arabic breakfast, very delicious yeah, because in Denmark not likes it because Syria have a 12

70 famous food you haven t any information about Syria but many people from France, from England have information, yeah but Denmark is very far from, yeah, it is. A: Many people go to Syria and like their foods their kind of foods, yeah, I can imagine as well A: Yeah yeah, you can go obtain this from Google and we have a kind good kinds of foods, yeah our breakfast cheese, yoghurt, olives, eggs, maybe not special and sometimes we have hummus, you know hummus? I: Mmh I: And then you take a break, or what do you do in the afternoon? A: Yeah, that s, yeah I rest or sove in dansk, sove A: Sleep one hour or two hours and now in this time this past week and this week I go to the fitness okay A: Yeah, fitness and one or two hours in the day I go to the fitness A: I have two purpose from this activity I want to talk dane new friends from Denmark... because I want to improve my language dansk I: Mmh A: Yeah, that s the conversation if I haven t any conversation or I don t talk with any dansk people I can t because the language, dansk cannot you can t teach, learn it write you must be talk, instead of just reading about it, you need to use it A: Yeah the difficulty in the talk, not in the write

71 A: Because that I want to have new friends A: Yeah, some because that the people is not much people in this town in Y there s many people Y I: Very small, yeah I: So is it difficult for you to communicate, to talk with people in Danish? A: No no no I: They understand you? A: Yeah if they if I can t understand their dansk, I talk with English A: Or with signal so you feel, communicating with people, talking with people, is actually not a problem here in A: Yeah, not a problem I haven t any problem and people between 20 and 25 there is no difficulties, yeah but small, it s difficult because I haven t any ideas about you problem, my problem A: But I have a good opinion from his age, from 25 I: That s good A: Yeah I: So you is the fitness center, is that the only activity you have outside of this center. Or do you do anything else outside? A: Yeah I, maybe I go to the library I: Is there a few books in Syria? What do you do in the library? 14

72 A: Not, we have Arabic and dansk I have this book from school I want to improve my language the purpose improve my language to go to the library or go to the fitness A: This difficulties or this difficult, you can start with the life in this town, in this country A: And go to the relaxed life that s my problem and the must be giving a solution A: Because that I I can t wait, the government because that I have an idea or negative thoughts or negative believe to all government or politic, the politics so, what about the relations you have with people now. You said in Syria it was really important, you knew everybody in the town and now it s totally different you talk a lot with people around you here in the center? A: Here? A: Yeah I talk with many people and the various nations various nations, many nations from Argentina I have friend I have friend, girl or boy and I have from Syria yeah, friends I know him in this center and from Somalia I: Mmh A: Yeah, I have friends from Somalia and I have friends from Ukraine so talking with people is a big part of your day A: Yeah but until now we are beginning in this center in the beginning A: Yeah, and I like this, to talk with many people and give a good 15

73 so, here at the center what do you do with your friends, if you have any activities do you do anything here? A: Sometimes we go to the work, among the small town, okay A: And go to the mall, okay A: There is two malls in this town not like in Y they have a big town and go to the mall and go to the there is a football play I: Oh, yeah A: Yeah yeah and maybe playing with this handball I: Oh, yeah A: Two team from various teams from Syria, Argentina, Somalia no problem, it s just for fun A: Yeah, and go to the in Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, three days maybe go with my some friends to the cross you know cross shopping? I: Cross, shopping? Nåe, røde kors the Red Cross Center A: Yeah, røde cross A: To buy somethings we need, that s very cheap yeah, sometimes I: So, when you say it s very cheap you get some money from the Danish government while you are here and a little bit of money does that cover your need, or do you feel it is difficult to really buy anything? Do you feel it is enough for you to get by? A: Yeah the money, not enough to all the requires, but maybe because I have not not have smoke I: That s good for you it s very expensive 16

74 A: Yeah but sometimes I take the pipe I: Waterpipe? A: Yeah, waterpipe that s not same as smoke smoke is very because it s easily to A: Yeah because of that, the money is enough to me A: I have a when I take the money we book a plan, two weeks plan, yeah A: What we can eating what we can, be anything that s good that s enough with the money I: So you try to plan every day, say we make this and this, or I m make this and this? A: Yeah I: It s a good idea A: Yeah I can take kroner and lost it and I can take 1000 and lost it I can yeah, that s personality I: So what kind of activities are offered here at the center, right here in these facilities. What can you do here? A: What? I: Just what kind of activities you can cook food and talk with friends is there other things you can do here. Play billiard or anything is there anything you can do here at the center? A: Not activities, activities no I: No real activities here for you? A: No no, this center haven t any activities I: No okay 17

75 A: But we make foods in this A: And maybe go with some foods to another friends, you eat together A: Not eat together and give and another time they if you have a good food or a famous good food take it, yeah I: Mmh, and give it to A: Yeah, last week we take sweet foods foods, we make I: Ah okay A: Yeah, we take it to the children the children, the boy said to me Hi I said come and give the dish with, this food after two days or three days he bring a kind of food from Pakistan A: Family women with the children, this children, this woman give their another food to us, yeah, nice so have you done anything or has there been any like initiatives to start any activities here at the center? A: Any ideas?, perhaps or have you thought about anything or tried to just start something up something about a hairdresser downstairs sometimes A: Yeah I don t see any activities here at this center but maybe haven t any the boss man or the boss woman and any opinion or any ideas about their future, yeah that s because the thoughts they think, that job a few, a few look at your job or at a job mind, not human mind maybe give a hardly method hard method, or in Syria, a rocky method the person is not relaxed, he have and in Y, he come to the boss came to my room and said we can take 18

76 I: Strict maybe? A: Yeah because the but in Y, all the apartment is modern, that s very expensive A: No no no problem because, not kids I: No no A: But not, no I: Could you imagine any activities that could be done here that could perhaps make your day better here at the center. Could there be started anything, that might make your day better? A: Not, I haven t any real ideas about this I: For you it really just a waiting period here, so you can go on to the next A: yeah so, we talk a bit about your future. What wishes and dreams do you have right now? For the future A: To the future I I want to firstly I want to meet my family A: Yeah, that s the one purpose because the situation not good and after this I I hope to work and my special engineer A: Yeah and I wish to find real friends from dansk or from any country, no problem in this country A: And I haven t any any problem with the religions A: No problem, because I have many friends is here they re Christians from various kinds, because in Syria not all Muslim I haven t any bad thoughts or black thoughts about this human, this people I want to know more, yeah about the people, Danmark 19

77 A: That s in the future A: And I want to I have many ideas to improvement or to use friendly to nature I: So, you have some wishes and dreams about your future. What do you feel about the activities here now. Do they support or prevent you from realizing those dreams you fell what you do now is that positive or negative in regard to your future dreams? A: The activities, or which one? I: yeah A: Not that s support a little bit not high, which I hope that that s a bit of that, no, that s why you say that language is so important for you to learn, because it s part of the way to the goal A: Yeah and in Y we are friend with our teacher a teacher from Columbia with the husband from Denmark, yeah we become friendly come to our and take dinner good food from Syria and my friend go to her house and take dinner and we have a teacher from Denmark is X and X yeah, but now because in the beginning you have a good teacher, Y I: Mmh so, just to sum up. Your experience of the asylum process so far is not very positive do you feel it s also because you feel you cannot influence what s going on, it s like outside of your control? You are just waiting here while somebody else is making a decision for you you understand? A: No no you mean that I can t go because I fear from the control or the problems? I: No, it s more like you don t know if the Danish government will you can stay here or you cannot stay here, I mean how do you feel about that. It s like, it s not up to you in a way to decide if you can stay in Denmark A: Yeah, I all people don t like go, or not go 20

78 A: That s the mind of army, or politics so how does it make you feel when you hear somebody has gotten a note from the government that says that they cannot stay here, and then have to go back to their home country. How does that make you feel? When that happens sometimes A: This pressure or with press or with force? I: No no no, just during the process of asylum, some people are told they cannot stay here, even though they have applied for asylum, they cannot stay in Denmark. They have to go back to their home country. You know? A: Yeah when the war stop I go to my country A: I don t over respect dansk people or any people in the world but my my country is very have a good place in my heart, I can hear A: But the war, that s the reason, of course A: But when the reasons when the reasons stop that s the final I go to my country I can go A: But there is many difficulties just one last question, then talk quickly about the pictures we are interested in something called occupational deprivation it s a term that describes when people want to participate or do activities, but cannot do it because of something outside of their control. You understand? A: About some people or? I: Just it s in a way a situation some people here at the asylum center will experience, because they want to do something, like you want to work, but you cannot because the government says you have to first be recognized as a refugee, then you can start it s like 21

79 something outside you cannot decide what you want to do in a way. How does that make you feel? A: That s how this feeling gives a negative a negative opinion, not give a negative ideas or black ideas, yeah because the same reason I haven t any trust with the government A: All with the queen yeah yeah that s that s all opinion in Arabic world because, all of the government, lies lies lies Syria rich country A: Syria, all Arabic world or country our government because that we have thoughts black thoughts about the governments, about the police, about the army about all in the government yeah yeah A: And when I come to Denmark, the person who catch me that s a good man and I have respect with him A: But that s give good ideas to me or a good start to me and them but after this there is a police woman come to the school in Y and police woman come to school in Syria this is not happened I: No A: yeah. In Syria all police are men all police men enter the school, but the school have respect? the police man, woman from Y go to the school and talk to the refugees in the class I: She come with some rules, or? A: She is come to this class and when I come to Denmark I: yeah 22

80 A: yeah because that until now I haven t any opinion about the dansk or Danmark A: Yeah because that until now I want to when the war stop in Syria, I want to go A: Yeah, to return, yeah and useful to my country, my economic, my yeah yeah because my after this dirty war, our country need I: They need people like you A: Yeah people like, people like me, like I: High educated A: Yeah yeah that s the message of you life, if you haven t a message in your life, you will be the not good, yeah A: The message of your life, yeah must be all that you are not the free to not give a personal purpose but you have a general purpose finally, you took a few pictures there are few or just one you want to tell us a little bit about? A: This I: This one? Okay A: This one is I: But why did you take some of the pictures? Is there one picture that means something special to you? A: Special?, some special meaning to you A: But, only this I: Like you took pictures of the computer so, why did you take that picture? 23

81 A: I watch song on Facebook I have very much music Arabic music A: From my country, but I can t watch it every time, yeah A: Because that I watch it in the Facebook Facebook go with yourself out out, many difficulties or many problems and the life, all the day because that I love this case what about the picture of the cake? What make you take a picture of the cake? That is the oh, that s the one you talked about you baked to the children A: Yeah in Syria, when you, all family when you make a good food or a famous food go to your neighbors I: And give? A: Yeah yeah all peoples have a that s give a good emotion, giving is A: And give a a high feeling a human feeling A: Yeah yeah that s if you give any children I hope if I can if I can I hope if I can give all children in the world what he need I can I want A: Because that the children live in another life not in the difficult as I sadly he haven t any the children in his mind haven t any any ideas about why he can t he can t obtain this thing yeah, you know I: Mmh A: The children in his mind haven t any ideas about why he can t watch it or take this thing haven t any ideas about why 24

82 A: Haven t any idea because the war or because the if he want to eat this foods if you can give this food, must be giving A: Yeah, because the children live an another life, not an like, we understand A: Yeah our prophet Muhammed have sayings, you know sayings A: Says, not Coran, short speak he said from 1000 years, from 1000 and 400 years he said let the children live as they like because they belong to another age, not to your age do you know that? A: Let s the children make anything in their life, because they they bond, they bond they come to the world with their to another age, not your age, yeah I: Mmh A: Because that they speak to me because that, you must must take good careful with the communication of their communicate with the children because they have live in another life, not in your life, of course A: Yeah I: Do you have any questions for us? A: I haven t any questions until now I hope we become friends, if you want?, of course! But thank you very much, it s been a great help for us, that you, yeah you invited us into your home here and talked about your life. It means a lot to us. A: You welcome I: We will treat everything you told us with great respect 624 A: Okay 25

83 I: Thank you very much A: Welcome 26

84 Bilag 7 Transskribering af interview med Bashir. Interviewer (I). Informant (B) I: Just because we are taping it, your name and age? B: My name? B: B I: And your age? B: 26 years old I: Okay 26 years old B: Yeah I: And where are you from? B: I am from Somalia I: And why did you come to Denmark, instead of like other countries, Sweden, Germany. Why did you end here in Denmark? B: I love to live here in Denmark B: Because in Somalia we have more than 25 years, there is a lot of different world so, and I used to work as a journalist in Somalia we read that B: So as a journalist we have a big problem, I think that you know about it B: So that is the problem I came here, to set my life and have a good education here 1

85 okay I: So did you come by yourself or did you come along with other people, that you knew in Somalia? B: I come by myself I: Okay, was it a difficult journey to? B: Yeah, it was a difficult journey, I passed a lot of countries then I came here I: So you came here by yourself, how does that effect your life here, is it difficult, do you feel alone? sometimes, I feel alone because in here we don t have nothing to do, we go to school then come back here sit all day and thinking thinking, you got a lot of stress. If you don t have something to do, you know, you think too much. But sometimes I have a lot of friends, we sit together and try to make a good life I: Then it is okay. Because you had a really busy life in Somalia compared to know B: Yeah I woke up six O clock and nine O clock at night I come back home. I was to much busy. And here all day I sit at home, nothing to do I: And it seems like you had a pretty dangerous work you did in Somalia B: Yeah, it was really dangerous I: Was that a coincident that you like. Worked in dangerous places or was it because you really wanted to? B: You know if you are a journalist as a reporter, you have to go anywhere to make news. That is why we go anywhere dangerous in the world I: You have to get the news I: Was that always a dream for you to become a journalist? B: Yeah, it is my dream, I would love to work as a journalist here in Denmark. If I got opportunity I am not going to miss it 46 I: So you wrote that you worked as a journalist and that you really love music? 2

86 B: Yeah, I like listening to music I: Do you play any instruments also? B: No, I try to learn I: So have you tried to perhaps pursued that interest in the asylum center, learn to play anything? B: Yeah, one of my friends have the guitar and sometimes I try to. He tried to teach me, but now he went back to Titanien, he played good music. But I could not learn, it is difficult to learn you know, you have to be very good with your fingers I: So. You mentioned in what you wrote that it was like a passion to you, the journalism work you did in Somalia, so you really feel like it s close to your heart? B: Yeah it s close to my heart. I: But what is it about the journalism that You love so much? B: You know, to make news to know everything about other people life s, the problem in their life, they have you know, you can understand all the feelings of the people, when you make the news. That is why I like journalism I: So it is actually the people the human side of the journalism that you are interested in and just getting to know other people and why they do things, that they do B: Yeah I: I can relate to that, so it is not because of money or B: No no no I: So do you Are any of your family journalists or is it just you? B: No, only me. I have one brother, but he is not a journalist. I am the only journalist in my family I: Okay, is your brother here in Denmark? 3

87 B: No. he is in Somalia. I am only here alone I: Are you in contact with them? B: Yeah I: On the Internet or? B: Yeah on the Internet and sometimes we talk on the phone. I: Okay. So in Somalia, did you do anything special with your family and friends when you where together? B: Yeah, we do sometime, when we have holiday, you know, surprise parties I: And play music and B: Yeah I: So... You don t have any other hobby outside listening to music and enjoying music? B: No I only like listen to music. It is relaxing and B: Yeah it is relaxing and when you have lot of tension you listen to music you feel free, you know I: So you use this here in the center sometimes? B: Yeah I listen only I: So you feel it helps you to come down B: Yeah, I only use it alone and sometimes we don t have nobody to talk, just to talk to friends on social network, sometimes if you don t have any friends to talk, there is no one online, so you listen to music and sit here, it can become very lonely B: Yeah very very, if you don t have a family here and you know good friends. You can understand how the life is 4

88 of course. It becomes very quiet, because not many people to talk with B: We live here two persons, sometimes you go to his friends, he have a lot of friends in Y. I have here 10 months; here have been here three years, so he have a lot of friends. Sometimes he go Y, Y, Y. I am the only one who here all day I: Okay. So a typical day in Somalia for you, like you said, you get up really early and you go to bed really late, what about in the weekends, when you are not working? B: Yes, weekend only Friday I: Only Fridays for you B: Yes, so in the Friday, you know we go to the mosque and pray, every Friday and other times with my family, my mother, brother and I have a wife. So in the night we go all for dinner, then come back home I: So every Friday here, is there like something in your heart that makes you think about the Fridays in Somalia with your family? B: Yeah, yeah. We used to go out with my family, but know I am here alone and I can t go out. I: So What about practicing Islam here, it must be difficult in the center? B: Yeah. We don t have a mosque here en Y. So sometimes on Friday you go Y I: Okay, you go to Y, there is a place there you can go? B: Yeah I: Okay, do you do that every Friday? B: Yeah, every Friday I: Every Friday yeah. But do you still feel that you need something? B: Yeah, if you don t have near you house and you travel, there is sometimes you don t have the ticket, so you have to stay at home, sometimes we in group do Islam here and we is in the room in the basement, so we pray there. And sometimes we go to Y to pray 5

89 I: So. Well we had a question, what meaning does the activities you did in your country mean to you, but actually you already answered that, because journalism is your passion, music is your passion, you are a very passionate person B: Yeah I: So We will like to ask you about a typically day here in the asylum center? What is it like? You get up at about nine? You wrote about nine O clock or? B: No, I wake up, you know, I go to school four days a week I: Oh yeah B: So we been at school nine O clock, to walk 15 minutes, so I wake up eight O clock and 8:45 I go to school. Then come back 11.15, so I have nothing to do, I just sit here. Sometimes me and my friends make food and eat together, and all night we talk, then 10 O clock we go to sleep, so we wake up in the morning to go to school I: Life is very very different from the past B: Yeah, it is very different I: How does it make you feel? B: I feel alone I: So you mention that you sometimes go out of the city or that you go to Y and Y a few times and at least you go to Y to pray. Do you do anything else outside this asylum center, like sport or anything? B: Yeah, we play football and sometimes we play Volleyball here outside I: Okay that is fun B: Yeah, to have fun, you know, but is it difficult to find something to do normally? B: Yeah we have nothing to do here I: No? 6

90 B: If you don t have a job or something else and all day you are at home, you know, some friends have their family, mother, sisters, brothers and some they are alone and some have their wife s and children.. So we have a question about language, because you come to a country where most people speak Danish, is that a big problem for you, the language part, the language barrier, because it is sometimes difficult to communicate, talk with other Danish people? B: Yeah it is, but know I am trying to learn the Danish language, because when I started in school, the pronunciation, it is very difficult, but now I understand a little dansk I: Oh okay, have you tried to speak with Danish people in the city, how was that going? B: It is good, but if you don t know that much dansk, you feel a little shy, you know of course, I can imagine B: Yeah I: What do you think about the Danish people? B: Yeah, they are good people I: They are good people B: Yeah they are always have a smile on their face I: But I can imagine that Danish people are quite different from Somalia people? Just sometimes you say people are reflecting of the climate, when it is cold outside Danish people sometimes can be a little bit closed and difficult to talk to, I can imagine compared to perhaps Somalia people? B: Yeah, the Somalia people you know, they can, they don t go one person outside, if we go outside we go together, five person, six persons. So here you can see one person go here, sometimes if you go alone here, you see no body here, when you walk five minutes, 10 minutes, you see one person walking here I: It is different. So do you feel it is a great obstacle the language or do you feel that you already improving a lot? 172 B: Yeah. No, improving a lot 7

91 I: So you English is good, that helps a lot here en Denmark B: I don t know that much English I: I think it is good, you are doing very well B: Just little good I: So relations in the past in Somalia, you knew a lot of people? Like? B: My friends or what?, just friends, workmates, did you know a lot of people in Somalia, was that a part of your job as a journalist? B: Yeah, I know a lot of people, we contacted them on Facebook I: So what about your relations now, are they most on Facebook? B: Yeah, sometimes they are on Facebook and sometimes we call them and talk together on skype so I: What about other people in the center, you don t, do you talk to any of them? B: My friends?. So you have a lot of friends in the center too? B: Yeah I have a little, five or six friends I: Okay that is good. So have they all been here a long time or did they just come? B: Yeah. Two, one the one who live with me, he is from Somalia, he lived here in three years., that is a long time B: And one I think you meet him before he is my good friend, I think he lived here four years, it is a long long time B: He also speaks dansk good yeah. So when you are here with friends, you mostly play sports and talk? 8

92 B: Yeah, we play sport and talk and Saturday, Sunday night we make food together also we like eat together I: So is it a special kind of food you make, from Somalia or? B: Sometimes we make food from Somalia, Syria, and Pakistan different countries I: So you get a bit of financial support from the Danish government, some money from the Danish government every two weeks? I think B: Yeah I: Is that enough to cover your needs just the things you need to buy, or do you feel it is difficult? B: It is different, the money we take, when the case is open, you can take 1200, they say it is face two, but when you got two negative the immigrations rejects your case I: Okay B: So sometimes it is enough and sometimes it is not enough okay. I can imagine. So what do you mostly spend money on? Is it mostly food? B: Yeah sometimes we buy close and the food we eat. And the credit card when we have on the phone to call ours family in Somalia. I: Do you have enough money to like travel to other parts of the country like if you want to go to Y a couple of time in the week? B: No I: Not enough money? B: We don t go, if we wan t, we wan t to make sure we go here, we have two shops here and we make shop in here. Sometime Friday, we go in Y. That is the only where we travel. I: Okay, otherwise you have to have a bicycle, but it is a long way. I: So what kind of activities are offered here in the asylum center for you to do, do you feel like there is anything offered or is it? 9

93 B: Yeah they give us jobcenter, today I have jobcenter, but I tell them I have interview and I can t come to jobcenter I: Okay B: And it is not the jobcenter, the place you live is good to clean. Yeah, so we clean the houses and outside. How do you feel about that? B: Yeah, it is a good, you know it is good to have a clean place to live, so it must be clean I: But still it is quite different from being a journalist? This is the only kind of work you do B: Yeah I: Do you feel like missing any activities here? B: Yeah. You know what I do before. I miss a lot. I: So it is not like, a PlayStation or? B: No I don t have a chance to play PlayStation. I: So it is the job you are missing? B: Yeah I: Could you actually imagine interviewing other people here in the center and perhaps writing a story about their life s maybe and I don t know, publishing them? B: Yeah, sometimes I try to make interview and make history but it is not possible, we don t have the permission to do that I: Oh okay yeah. Because it could have been a good way to use your skills B: Yeah I: So the things you can do here, how do you feel about it, is it too little or. Because is it boring to be here B: Yeah you know, you wake up morning, you go to school only two hours and you come back. But the other hours you are at home, just eat food, sit here 10

94 , so it is really to little So if you can imagine Are there any activities that you think, that could be really good to have here? B: Yeah, if I can work as a journalist or something else to keep yourself busy, I would like. But I don t have the chance I: In the Danish media right now there is a lot of talk about, the people who come to Denmark, should already have some kind of work after they been here two months, but how do you feel about it, if perhaps you would be put in a place where you have to repair bicycle or something completely different from what you are educated in doing? How would you feel about that? B: No, if you know how to fix a bicycle I would do it, but if you don t, you can t do this. If they give us another kind of job, like shooting pictures, filming I can do it. I: Okay, so that would be okay with you, you would feel that would be a good thing? B: Yeah a good thing I: Just a few questions more about your future, what wishes and dreams do you have for the future? I know that you have written about it, but if you just can retell it? B: You know I always like to work as a journalist you know, any kind of TV or radio station, so I like to be a big journalist. And to have a good name I like to be a journalist in my future of course, I can imagine that. So do you know if there is any chance of taking the education you have en Somalia and get I like upgraded or yeah, just in some way so official so you could use it here in Denmark as well? B: You know, we have a lot of Somalia TV and you know the TV I worked for before and they don t have any reporter here and they told me to send report here, but I tell them that I don t have the permission to do this here, I live in a asyl center. My case got rejected I got two negatives, so I can t do it here. But if I got a positive, I can do it., that would have been good, that could be a perfect solution for you then B: Yeah I: So what you do right now, how does the present activates here at the asylum center, do you feel that they support or prevent you from realizing your dreams? 11

95 B: No, I did not talk about my dreams to them, when we need the help, we go ask them, but they can t help us more. I: So, it is really not helping you in any ways right now? To realizing your dreams to become a journalist in Denmark? B: Yeah I: So what is your experience of this whole process of seeking asylum here in Denmark? Is it frustrating, is it slow, can you put a few words? B: No my, I told you, my case is rejected here, so they told me to leave the country in 15 days and I am still here you know. You know, I go to another country, they will send me back here I: So is it, do you feel it is frustrating to like, you can not influence the process in any way, you are just kind of waiting and seeing what is going to happen? B: Yeah, I just waiting my luck that is why I am still here. I:. How do you feel about being placed on this center, it is like you had no influence on being placed right here? You could have been in another center, perhaps closer to a larger town or city? Do you feel like it is frustrating to, when you came to Denmark, you where just placed here? B: I have a lot of friends who come here before me and they told me how to life here, they told me before you go, to Sandholm, and I don t have a lot of friends, if you have more friends you can just, I want to live en this place, so I make friends here and I am happy to live here. I: That is good, but where you live in Somalia, was that a big city or small town? B: Yeah, big city I: So it is very very different from here? Y is really really small B: Yeah. It is small and they don t have a lot of population, when you go out it is quite I: We were driving here, and we said wow it is really outside en the country, so far away from, it just feel that way 299 B: Yeah, sometimes when I go out, there is nobody here, I am alone 12

96 I: We have asked you a lot of questions The project we are making, we are bachelor students in Occupational therapy, and what we are interested in looking into something called Occupational deprivation, and that is a situation where you have something you want to do, like you want to work as a journalist but something outside your control is actually stopping you from doing it, you can say, that is the Danish government or that it is because you are being in this asylum system. Is this something you can relate to? That kind of frustration of not having any control over your own situation, you own destiny? B: You know, sometimes you can t get what you need, if you don t have any resident or agreement to stay here, you can t wish more dreams, so you don t know about your future. You live as a refugee, so I: So you try to accept that? B: Yeah I: That is I feel sorry for you B: No problem I: No, you feel like a really good guy so, when you meet people here you just feel, it is so frustrating, why it takes so long and you get rejections and because B: Yeah some people they come here only one month and they go, and I just stay here 10 months and some of my friends they live here three years four years. So it is difficult for us I: I can imagine. You toke some very good pictures, with your camera, and we brought them today, and let s take a look at them. They are very good, and it was a beautiful day. We will put them, so everybody can see them. It is a lot of pictures. We just want to, ask you about, if there is any particular pictures, you want to talk about, is there a special reason perhaps why you took does pictures? We can start with these. Can you see them? B: Yeah. I: Do you have any pictures you think that. Otherwise you took a picture of the kitchen? B: This is the place we cook and this is the place we sleep, I used to sleep here, but now I sleep down. You know, the bed is to old, when you sleep up, they make that sound you know, cak cak cak 13

97 I: Oh yeah B: That is why is you can t sleep there. On this place, it is on the post we check the post, when we have post or I: Yes picture number two B: Yeah, they put here I: What is what you say? B: Yeah, if you have post or I: Oh yeah okay B: You want to go to clinic or. The time you go clinic or. The post you have I: So this is where you can see activities or? B: Yeah I: So there is not so many pictures of the inside, but this is another one, what did make you take this picture? Picture number three here B: Yeah, this is the office I: This is the office area? So you spend a lot of time walking through here? B: We sit here and drink coffee and take laptop down. And watch movies there. I: Oh okay. That is nice. And then you have a picture of the tree, picture number five, okay it is wrong, it is completely wrong. This is picture 23 of the tree, what make you take pictures of the trees? We messed up the pictures, we even wrote numbers on the back. B: It is here, the place we been before. I: Do you ever play minigolf? B: Here? I: What is it called, mini. Miniature golf? B: No no we don t. We only use this volleyball and sometimes we play fodbold over there. 14

98 I: Okay. This pictures of the trees, is that also the picture of the trees outside here B: Yeah, my friend did make this I: We talked about that it is actually really beautiful picture, just of the tree. Naked trees B: You know, I love to take a lot of pictures, your pictures are really good. They are very clear. You have a picture of the bus stop, this? It is number four B: It is where the bus stop, the bus stop here when we go Y and sometimes we have private bus, when people who need to go clinic en Y okay, then they go with the bus. We have number 22, and it is a complete mess It is with your friend B: Yeah, he is sleeping I: Det kan være at vi skal ligge nogle af de andre billeder op, så kan vi spørge om nogle af dem How did you feel about taking pictures, was that okay? B: Yeah I like making pictures I: We thought it could be a good way to reflect on things, before we interview you. A lot of pictures from outside here B: Yeah, I make them, because the place we live I: Do you like to be outside? B: Yeah I like, sometimes I make my mobile pictures I: How about the weather? Is that a big problem? B: No no, when it is to much cold, we don t have much cold in Somalia. Only summer, it is a hot place. You see, our skin is black I: So do you miss Somalia a lot? If you could, would you go back? B: When I remember my family I miss a lot, but then you remember the fighting and problems in Somalia, you feel it is better to stay here 15

99 Do you feel trapped in between Denmark and your home country? It is like you are trapped in between these two countries B: Yeah if you don t, if your case is rejected you don t have permission to stay here and the government told you, you have to leave the country, you have 15 days, you feel,you come here, you leave your family to have a better life, and you can t find noting on stay here. So you think too much and a lot of tension and stress, is there any particular picture you would like to talk about? This one outside, two of your friends? B: This one is X, you know, it is not allowed to smoke inside, so they smoke here I: Do you smoke? B: Me I used to smoke before, but I quit smoking I: That is good. There is a lot of strict police about smoking in public places in Denmark, you can t smoke inside of public offices and places like that B: Yeah, you know, the other people who come from another country, they smoke inside their room, and inside the work places, so when you come in new country, new place, and you don t know how to live this, you try to smoke inside. If you smoke here, you have to pay 500 kr I: Very strict B: We go outside to smoke., you kind of learn that really quickly. B: I hope it is good, the picture I made. I: Oh yeah, it is very good pictures, and beautiful. Could you imagine living in a different camp, from this one, perhaps closer to like more activities like in Y or Y? B: Yeah, Y have a lot of population I: So that could be nice? B: Yeah 16

100 I: What would you do if you lived closer to, would you there be different activates you would do, that you don t do now? B: You know, if you have a lot of friends, who tell you to make good activities, you have to have friends to help you. But en Y or Y, Y I don t have friends. So I have to stay here of course, you are happy with this place? B: Yeah. So I have some friends I: That is good, I think that is all the questions, thank you. Do you have any questions for us? B: No no I: Thank you so much for your time, it has been amazing that you would help us, we are really grateful because, you are opening you heart about your situation and can promise you that everything you have said, will be treated with respect B: You are welcome I: It is, how to say it, in Danish television they are talking a lot about refugees and asylum seekers, and for me personally, I feel it is frustrating, it is like a generally category the people they are talking about, we get to know the real people behind the idea of what is a refugee and what is a asylum seeker. Just like you have a really personal story and your situation is really difficult B: Yeah, it is really difficult, no only they give the positive Syrian people, the people who come from Syria, there is some Somalia people who got the positive. I: It is frustrating because we are not the government, and sometimes I wish we could be because then you could contribute. It is frustrating both for us and you. 17

101 Bilag 8 Transskribering af interview med Calel. Interviewer (I). Informant (C) I: Just for the record here. Your name and age? C: C, and how old are you? C: I m 29 I: Okay yeah 29. And originally where are you from? C: I m from Kurdish Iran. I: Kurdish Iran okay. For how long time did you been in Denmark? C: Maybe for three years now I: three years? That s a long time? C: Yeah I: So why did you come to Denmark? Instead of Sweden or Norway? C: My country have problems because you now Kurdish don t have a country. Yeah? C: I m coming outside... just Denmark no. In the Europe C: I m coming to Europe I: So is that a bite of coincides you are here? C: Yeah. But now I have children here born in Denmark I: Okay yeah 1

102 C: So they stay here I: So did you come by yourself originally or did you have your wife with you? Family? C: Yes, my family is in Y I: Okay yeah. So what did it mean to you that you didn t come here by yourself? At the start? Did it mean you have somebody to talk to or? Was that good thing or a bad thing that you didn t come by yourself to Denmark? C: No good thing I: It was a good thing? C: Yeah I: So what did you do in your home country? C: In my country?. In the past? Where you a student or did you have work? C: I m Kurisk, and Kurdisk have problem, dont have any ID. C: I have a problem because I can t go to the school. Because I don t have ID. I: Okay so you have C: Just I have one ID in the Denmark C. Before I don t have id I: So did you do Could you work or could you do that C: No for me no I: Nothing? 2

103 C: No. Because I don t have I id, and you go to school with id and don t have id I: Okay. So what did you do? C: Just work I: What kind of work? C: Before I was in a petrol I: Okay C: Petrol and photograph and fitness gym I: Okay yeah. And what about spare time? C: Spare? just when you re not working, what did you do? Do you have any interest playing music or sport? C: No I read books I: Okay you read books C. Yes C: Book about religion for the Islam and Christianity and Jews I: Okay C: Because I like I: Religious books? C: Yeah. and what did the work mean to you? When you work? Was that because you wanted money or because it gives 3

104 C: Yes money. If you have money you can pay every work yeah yeah so what about relations in the past? Did you have a lot of friends and people you know in Kurdistan? C: In Kurdistan I have friends. But know no. because i m three years outside. But it was important for you in Kurdistan, to know a lot of people? If you want something you always know somebody or? C: Yeah before Kurdistan broke and fall, but know Kurdistan broke and eaten. Broken I: Okay C: Not come back I: Big mess. So when you are with family and friends in Kurdistan, what will you normally do? Watch TV or? Eat together? What would you do? C: Now I don t have a contact I: No in past. Before C: Before?. Would you go out in see the nature and C: Before I have a shop in the Kurdistan, go outside, and don t have a problem with the people and friend C: But know I don t have contact I: No. A typical day for you in Kurdistan? In the past. What would that be? You would wake up you will get up at what time? eight, three? C: Yeah. eight. Everyday I: And then what. Eat breakfast? 4

105 C: Now here we have the weekend and two days, but here no seven days work. So just to get back to Kurdistan, just to get an idea of what you did in the past, before you come here. You would get up and eat breakfast and what do you after what? C: Sometime eats breakfast, sometimes not I: Okay C. In the wok you can I: Oh you can eat there. So how long did you work? All day? C: Maybe 10 hours or 12 hours I: Long time C: Yeah I: So you get home and then what did you do after work? C: After work, then you come back you have some friend you go, and your family C: With the family go outside I: And you eat or what did you do outside? C: Yeah sometime you go to the restaurant or some place. All your family, yeah. So a typical or normal day here at the asylums center, what is that like? What time do you get up now here? C: Here I don t sleep. Here every time I have a sitrus, because I man been three years here. C: I don t maybe sometime. But know I have friends here, sometime police is coming put to the what do you say in English? I: Handcuff? 5

106 C: Yeah. After deport for the country. Because you not understand here C: Every time I ready for this I: So but just to get an idea of your day here. So... what happens here? C: Here i m go to the office and sometimes my English, a little understand English, but for the Kurdish I understand several languages Kurdish. So Pakistan and Arabic. I m going to office and help okay C: Before I have a job in Y. Sometimes service I: Okay service So know do you do anything outside the center? Play sports. Go to the fitness center? C. No no I: No? C: Just i m going to the Kirk I: The kirk? C: Yes the Kirken I: Oh okay yes Kirken. Aarh den Arabize kirke. So what does it mean to you to go there? Is it a place of peace and quiet? C: No i m a student here, about Christianity okay. So you mention language? C: Is it a big problem for you to because of Danish and English C: Yeah English a little bit good, but Danish is difficult. If i m not going to the school i m not going to understand 6

107 So is it a big problem to talk with the Danish people outside the center, like the Danish people? C: Yeah yes I can I: You can talk with them? C: Yeah I can I: You are just talking English then? C. Yeah lidt English I can yeah I: So... what do you have many friends here in the center? C: In Denmark yes. In Jylland and Sjælland yes I have friends in Denmark I: So it is very important for you to have many friends? C: Yeah good. I have friends Danish people, before I m in the Y I have friend, I work here to the free curses. Free documentary. To the X I: Okay yeah. Do you get a little bit of money from the Danish government? Just every two weeks? C: Yes every two weeks I: Is that enough for you to get what you need or do you feel it is to little? C: When you don t drink or don t smoke, yeah it is good I: But it is not really a lot of money? C: No no no, but it is good. Maybe some countries you don t give I: Like Greece? They don t get any money for example C: And Italy and some in Europe I: Have you been to other countries? Before? 7

108 C: No. but I understand yeah. Because I have been here for three years and when new people coming i m listening to the people I: And you know their stories? C: Yeah I: So what about... do you go to other palaces like Y, Y or Y. Do you go with bus sometimes? C: Yeah Sometimes the bus and sometimes the train. Sometimes my friend have a car I: Oh perfect. So you have money to go to other places if you want to? C: Yes I: Okay. So what kind of activities can you do here at the center? What kind of things can you do here? Is there any offered? C: No nothing because I don t have a positive on here, I have positive I can t make something here. I: Because you have no positive you cannot? C: When you have positive, you can make everything. Because now, I to my country I have a lot of money but I don t coming here because I know have a problem. I don t have a positive, I come back make work or something or no in the Kurdish I can give back this money. But now here no. It stopped everything. So have you done anything to try to find anything what do you do here? How do you past time here? What can... do you talk with people or watch TV? C: Watch TV yeah. Watch TV and reading, and going to my family cause my wife in the Y, and my children. I have three children. Do you go often to Y? C: Yeah I: Just a bit about your future? What wishes and dreams do you have for the future? 8

109 C: What sorry? I: Wishes or dreams do you have about the future? Anything you would like if you think about the perfect future, what is it like? do you understand? C: No sorry I: What would you like to do? C: I m? just if you could like think about the perfect thing to do, what would it be? C: No nothing, because i m in the Denmark and it is stopping everything. Because you know i m 10 time going to the interview C: this stopping everything I: So you don t think about anything you just want to go throw that first? C: Yes. I can imagine. C: Now a new interview so 11 times i m going to the Y. And I don t know want they want. I: How does that make you feel? You have been to some many interviews? How does that feel? C: Sorry? I: How do you feel like going to so many interviews? C: I don t like, but sometimes when you come and interview but this is problem because I don t have any id. In my country this problem. Sometimes they say: Who are you? And they don t understand me. 9

110 C: Yeah because I don t have any id. It s a problem I: Yes C: Now my children are born here in Denmark, like me they don t have any id. So does that make you very frustrated or very sad? C: Yeah about stay here, just stopping everything. Do you feel there is anything if you could think about things to do here at the center that would make your life a little more better, can you think about anything? There perhaps would make your life better here at the center? Anything you could do? C: I make everything? just right know you don t do many things in the day, is there anything perhaps if the center could organize something C: For the people? C: For the people here, just have the same problem, everyone stay in their home. Like this. But you don t can work this very problem I: So you would like to work? C: Work yes, not like for any country you can t work. Not Denmark, because they give you some money to eat, every this two week. You cannot go to the outside to work. When new people go to the outside to work, this is very very good because not can every time you think this is positive. When i m going to the outside, I have a work, I don t every time think about this C: Yeah I: You focus on that you do instead of being alone and thinking 10

111 C: Yes now i m three years stay here I: It must be hard for you? C: Yeah not for me. Because I have a friend three years and a friend 10 years stay. This is a problem and bad because I have a friend going to Y, its problem every time you are home. When you go outside tjekking or police coming and say: why are you working here C: This problem about people here. So what is your experience with this process of seeking asylum here in Denmark? It is a very very long time for you? C: Yeah I: Is it frustrating or you just feel... just waiting? Hoping for it to be result? do you understand what I mean? C: No not really, sorry I: what is your how do you feel about all this waiting, waiting, waiting? You don t know if you gonna be in Denmark or you have to back to Kurdistan? How does that make you feel? C: Sometime I speak about my office here. I want to come back to my country but they said wait. Give me positive and they say wait. So you want to go back to your country or do you wanna stay in Denmark? C: I want to stay because I have børn, children here. Because now if you come back in my country they will say who is this children. So this is problem. So what did you feel about coming here to this place in Y? C: Before in the Y, but asyl in Y moved me here I: How does that feel? You have no influence C: No. This asyl just moved me here 11

112 I: Does that make you feel a little angry or frustrated? C: No no no not angry I: It s ok? C: Because yeah, because this asyl, when you say you moved to another asyl this is no problem I: Okay C: Yeah. They have a system of it. So you just accept that C: Yeah. Just the finally thing. We are writing a project as bachelor students and we tried to look into what happens with people who are in a situation where they want to do something like you want to work, but you cannot because something outside of your control, which is the government here, they say: you cannot work. How does what make you feel? Like somebody saying you cannot do things that you really want to do here in Denmark C: I m not going to say anything about the system, I like the system I: Okay C: But I don t have any id and I think this is a problem. I don t like this but you cannot do, I just wait C: I have many many friends whey say come here and work, police don t understand and don t like C: Because I have children I have wife, this is not good when you are going out of the system 12

113 C: Now i m working here, when i m done going to this school, coming this police saying you re done coming to school and you don t coming in this school. Like for the... about money C: This true. When you are done going to this school, money come down yeah. This normal C: Now like police tell me, you don t can t going to the work outside. Because you in the way. When i m going outside this is a problem. I don t listening to this C: Yeah I: You have take a few pictures and just to end with that. Last time we did this we messed up the pictures. Let s see if we can do it the right way this time. This is number one number two yeah C: It s X. I: A lot of pictures. Er det vendt rigtigt. Jeg kan ikke se om det vender på hovedet den er god nok C: Today moving X I: Is he moving today? C: Yeah I: Ah. His a friends of yours? C: Yeah, Syrian guy. Because I understand Arabic I: How do you feel when people you now and friends are moving? C: This is problem because I many many friends in the Denmark, coming for asyl 13

114 There is a lot of pictures. Are there any particular pictures, any of these pictures you want to tell us about? Why did you take them? C: This is not my picture I: This is not your pictures? C: No. It is for the Amen. For this guy I: Really? C: Yes I: Okay. That s a mistake then. Så har vi fået de forkerte billeder eller hvad? Det skulle gerne være dem. That is art yeah. I don t know what happens. None of them are yours? C: No this I: You didn t take the pictures? C: Not my camera. Because my camera I just picture outside this, for the I: You did that? C: Yeah but this this picture I understand for the photograph and this for the outside. Here you can. But this for the TV. These to pictures C: Yeah like this for the TV I: Okay C. This outside, outside, outside, outside, this TV, this TV, this outside, this TV, this Tv, this TV I: And then like C: This outside, this TV, this TV and this is like when you are here I: Arh okay 14

115 C: This TV. And this is me I: What is you sitting right there C: And this my friend but in the TV C: But I don t know where my camera i m giving this man okay. You gave that man C: Yeah I: Ah okay C: Like maybe church I: Maybe. I guess so I: That is okay. That is too bad. Yeah C: Because now my pictures is starting here i m starting here out the train station after my wife in the home. After in the kirken. Yeah I: Do you remember any of the pictures you took? Are there any particular pictures you remember? C: Me? C: Here in the kirken C: All day, I get it. You took that picture all day? They did you take that picture? C: Because after all day 15

116 I: Ah, yeah, så er der ikke rigtig noget vi kan gøre ved det. Nej. Did you take a picture of a bus stop? C: Bus? I: Just where the bus stops? Did you take a picture of that C:Yes yeah I: Why did you take a picture of that? A lot of people have taken a picture of the bus stop. I just C: The bus stop and train station you take pictures there. It is too bad about the pictures but there is nothing to do about it. No C: Sorry I: It is okay. Do you have any questions for us? We kind of got all our questions asked C: No, but thanks. But after I have speak with my friend X, because maybe camera with him or? I: I don t know what happen, so we didn t collect the cameras so we don t know. It is okay, don t worry about it, it is fine. We just want to say, thank you very much for your time C: You welcome, thanks. Sorry about my English I: No no no, it s fine. 16

117 Bilag 9 Transskribering af dagsbogsmateriale fra Bashir Task 1 Work I am working as a journalist in Somalia. I was a TC-Camariman in HCTv News. I went everyday for a job morning 6.00 kl. And come backe kl. Sometimes I have to work parttime in my office. Me and me couloges go outside to make video for news. Sometimes we go very dangerous places and more outlaws gangs we also go to make interviews of our polition and normal people who lost there familie in bomb blast or someone kidnap there children. We also go to make interview of Somalis pirate. Family On weekends I always tried to spend a time with my family but sometimes I have a special task from my job but when ever I have holiday I spend my time with my family specialy with my wife. We go outside some time for picnis and food in restaurant and sometimes we visit our family relatives and sometimes friends for get to gether we used to have a lot of fun. In my home there is a lot of small plantes and I like to spend my free time with them. I also like cooking sometimes I food for my family I also like movies when I feel free I also like to whatch movies like action movies. Religion On Friday is very special day for muslims pray I also attemted every Friday. Friday is the holy day of the week for muslims and it is mandatory for men to offer the early afternoonprayer known as Jumma. In congregation during Friday lunchtime muslims are required to to take a break from their work or other workly activities they involved in and head to the mosque or prayer halls to offer the noon prayer. Islam is bsed on five Pillians this means it is based on five very important things that we must follow. 1 Shahadah to believe in and workship only Allah to believe that muhammed (pbuh) is his messenger. 2 Salah we must pray the salah five times a day the daily prayers are fajr, zohr, ars, magrib and isha. 3 Zakah we purify our wealthy by giving a small amount to the poor. This is given from out extra wealth. 4 Sawm mena s fasting in the month of ramadhan eve fast from befor fajr until magrib (sunset). 5 Hajj is the pilgrimage to Makkah we perform the hajj at least once in our lifetime if we can do it. 1

118 Interest Music is one of the few activities that involves using the whole brain and that is why it interests me. It is intrinste to all cutures and can have surprising benefits not only for learning languages, improving memory and focusing attention but also for physical coordination and development. Of cause music can be distracting if it s too loud or too jarring or if it competes for our attention with what we re trying to do but for the most part exposure to many kinds of music has beneficial effects. My favirote hoppy is listening to music its a very entertaining thing to do music gives me fun things to do music is very important to every day life you can listen to it or create it your self. Daily life activities Every morning i wake up 7:45 go to bathroom take a shower and brush my teeth get ready for school eat my breakfast wich is always smoothie couse it s easy to make. Then i get going for school i have to walk 15 minute i come back from school 11:15 wen i reach home i go to bed to rest an hour. Then start cooking lunch everyday i have my lunch 1:00, finish lunch open my laptop and chat my friends on facebook. In the afternoon me and my friends who live the asylcenter we seat together drink coffe and talk for hours in a winter we cant play foodbold couse outside it is too cold that is why we seat at home trying to have a fun at home sometimes we cook food together and eat we watch movies we try to make our time good couse we dont have a work to do, that is why we try to keep our self busy. We go schcool 4 days a week after schcool we are at home all day and nothing to do just having fun watching movies cooking food together teling stories about our contries we share our feelings couse we are like family sometimes we remember our old days in our homeland and we feel home sick missing our childhood friends and family what i miss the most is my family couse I am far away from them every single minut they are in my mind sometimes i feel very lonly here whenever i remember about my family i feel very sad with out your family your life will be dificult. Sometimes i remember my colleagues the way we work together, i have been out for just 1 year some of my friends moved on before i did and the ones i consider friends i am in regular touch some people who are still in the salt mine, and will be for years to come. I regard as friends and i am still in touch peharps monthly. Other i have little or no contact with even thout we were friendly it is what it is. Part of the challenge of keeping up os that many of the people i am frinds with live hundreds of miles away. 2

119 You can get a better daily life if you have something to do. But here we live a asylcenter and we dont have nothing to do, only we go school, and after school we are at home all day. But we try to make our daily life better and we hope to have a good daily life in a future. Our daily life became boring couse all day we are at home we dont have a job or somthing to do just seat at home watch movie talk to friends, if you spend alot of your everyday moments and time in the future or the past or you have difficult focusing and you feel this may have a negative effect on your life then maybe you want to learn to live more in the present moment. To keep your self busy and tell your self that you have a good daily life we know seating at home it s not good for mentaly couse if you seat at home and you dont have nothing to do then you think too much and it can give you more stress and it s not good to have a stress if we have something to do like job or somthing like helping people you will be busy if i got a job or somthing make my self busy my daily life will be better than now. In my past i was a busy man i used to work 13 hours a day so i am not used to seat at home, that is why i feel boring but one day it will be good and i hope that i got somethin to make my self busy and make me feel proud to my self. I was a journalist and i like to work as a journalist in the future couse workning as a journalist is my passion and i hope one day i will work as a journalist in Danmark. 3

120 Bilag 10 Billedanalyse. Ali: Billede 1 Præ-ikonografisk niveau: Indendørs, mand, computer, internethjemmeside, computerbord, computermus, hvid t-shirt, mørke farve. Ikonografisk niveau: Ali sidder ved sin computer og surfer på Facebook. Han sidder i sit hjem på asylcenteret. Billede 2 Præ-ikonografisk niveau: Indendørs, kage, bradepande, vindueskarm, gardin, solstråler, græs, hæk, tobak. Ikonografisk niveau: Der er placeret en kage i en vindueskarm, hvor man kan se, at der er spist noget af kagen. Solen skinner ind ad vinduet. Der er udsigt til en hæk, hvor grønne arealer viser sig. Billede 3 Præ-ikonografisk niveau: Indendørs, mand, papir, tobak, blyant, mikroovn, spand, vindueskarm, vindue, taske, t-shirt, hæk, sol, skrivebord. Ikonografisk niveau: Ali sidder ved sit skrivebord med et stykke papir og notere ting ned. Han ser koncentreret ud, og sidder tæt ved vinduet, hvor solens stråler lyser rummet op omkring ham. Der er rodet på skrivebordet. 1

121 Bashir: Billede 4 Præ-ikonografisk niveau: Udendørs, to mænd, røde jakker, trappe, store vinduespartier, gelænder, grene, kaffekop, joggingbukser, sandaler. Ikonografisk niveau: To mænd står udenfor asylcenteret på en trappe, og drikker en kop kaffe. Mændene smiler og står tæt på hinanden. Omkring dem ses grene og solen skinner på dem. Billede 5 Præ-ikonografisk niveau: Indendørs, mand, værelse, køjeseng, madras, jakke, dyne, rød og grøn pude, kuffert, tæppe, telefon. Ikonografisk niveau: Mand ligger i sin seng med en telefon i hånden og ser afslappet ud. Værelset forestiller et mindre soverum med en lille køjeseng, hvor der ligger en madras på gulvet. Billede 6 Præ-ikonografisk niveau: Indendørs, køkken, skuffer, emhætte, komfur, skuffer, skabe, mikroovn, håndvask, karklud, sølvpapir, termokande, lænestol, opvaskemiddel. Ikonografisk niveau: På billedet ses et rent køkken, hvor der på køkkenbordet står en termokande, opvaskemiddel og en mikroovn. Der er mulighed for at lave mad ved komfuret. Ved køkkenet står placeret en lænestol. 2

122 Billede 7 Præ-ikonografisk niveau: Udendørs, busstoppested, græsplæne, hække, træ, asylcenter, huse i baggrunden, skyfri himmel, fortov, vej, lygtepæle. Ikonografisk niveau: På billedet ses et busstoppested ved asylcenteret i grønne omgivelser med huse i baggrunden. En lang og tom vej løber langs fortovet ved centeret. 3

123 Bilag 11 Meningskategorisering af Ali, Bashir og Calel. Meningskategorisering, Ali: Linje 16-21: I: Okay, yeah. A large city or a small city? Occupational deprivation A: I m from a middle city That s the area around Syria I: Okay A: Around Damaskus I: Ah okay, so it s close to a really big city A: Yeah Linje 33-37: A: I don t want to come to Denmark in the beginning I: Okay A: In the beginning, yeah. Because the Sweden government have a I believe with the Sweden government. But I don t have any information about the Denmark government yeah not negative, but I don t have the information, but now I have negative Linje 39: A: Yeah, I have negative opinion about the government here Linje 49-50: A: Yeah but because I am from Syria I have many difficulties in my life my family is waiting for me waiting for positive news Linje 68-70: A: Have a negative effect this war become or give a very negative effect to the people and the children have many many negative effect their science process, the university when the war comes my job in Syria... I m a manager of a production of washing machine Linje 85-91: 1

124 A: In Syrian I haven t any time empty, I love my life I: Very busy life A: Yeah, and this this work or job are a complex job. Have an effect, a negative effect to my family because there is no empty. I have in my section 139 workers I: Okay yeah, that s many people A: Yeah it is many people, and many difficult and the production is a difficult process production I haven t any empty time in the life in Syria. But now I have a lot Linje : I: Does it make you feel like lonely? Or Do you have people to talk to here? A: Yeah yeah I have many people but my children that s a special feeling Linje : I: So can you talk to them on skype or computer, or any? A: The telephone no skype. The service of the internet not speedily in Syria, yeah I: Mmh A: Because that I find WhatsApp or any line any programs, communication programs Linje : A: Yeah I in the main purpose, the first purpose I want to to be succeed, in my life. Because I have study many years and because I want to the personality reason, yeah A: To give my results of my study. Yeah. And the second reason also for money, but the money is not the main. Because I m not, in Syria a poor man, I m in the middle. I have my family, my father and my our brothers have a shopping in this town. In my town, yeah Linje : A: Yeah yeah, because of people in Syria not like this, we have in Syrian we have very I: Warm? A: Yeah yeah yeah and in Syrian people are very romantic Linje : 2

125 A: Come, a few you don t know X if you want just, tok tok no talk I: We are cold cold people? A: Yeah, cold people and negative people but I don t know any reason for this because, maybe because the war from Hitler yeah, I don t know Linje : I: It s a very long day A: Yeah but that s I have interesting in my job because I have a purpose in my life I am not angry from this work Linje : A: I always always, I want to escape from the the time in this center or in this state or this country I escape in my mind Linje : A: To wonder a good life my good life events all to Facebook and communicate with my friends I have many friends in the world, yeah I have in Sweden from 17 years my friend in Sweden, yeah and I have from five years in Scotland Linje : A: ( ) it give relax to me, yeah if I have a short time, empty time to call my wife in the morning, and give a positive ( ) That s give a good day to my life, my family and give my day a good start Linje : A: ( ) I m ready to go to school we have four times in the week to go to the school went to the school at eight and a half and return to the house and then take breakfast with my friend or with my friend and take breakfast, and my breakfast is Arabic breakfast, very delicious yeah, because in Denmark not likes it because Syria have a famous food you haven t any information about Syria but many people from France, from England have information, yeah but Denmark is very far from, yeah Linje : 3

126 I: And then you take a break, or what do you do in the afternoon? A: Yeah, that s, yeah and rest or sove in dansk Linje : A: Yeah, fitness and one or two hours in the day I go to the fitness A: I have two purpose from this activity I want to talk dane new friends from Denmark... because I want to improve my language dansk I: Mmh A: Yeah, that s the conversation if I haven t any conversation or I don t talk with any dansk people I can t because the language, dansk cannot you can t teach, learn it, write you must be talk Linje 318: A: Because that I want to have new friends Linje : A: Yeah, some because that the people is not much people in this town in Y there s many people Y I: Very small, yeah Linje : I: So is it difficult for you to communicate, to talk with people in Danish? A: No no no I: They understand you? A: Yeah if they if I can t understand their dansk, I talk with English A: Or with signal Linje : I: So you is the fitness center, is that the only activity you have outside of this center. Or do you do anything else outside? 4

127 A: Yeah I, maybe I go to the library I: Is there a few books in Syria? What do you do in the library? A: Not, we have Arabic and dansk I have this book from school I want to improve my language the purpose improve my language to go to the library or go to the fitness Linje : A: Yeah I talk with many people and the various nations various nations, many nations from Argentina I have friend I have friend, girl or boy and I have from Syria yeah, friends I know him in this center and from Somalia Linje : A: There is two malls in this town not like in Y they have a big town and go to the mall and go to the there is a football play Linje : A: Yeah, and go to the in Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, three days maybe go with my some friends to the cross you know cross shopping? I: Cross, shopping? Nåe, røde kors the Red Cross Center A: Yeah, røde cross A: To buy somethings we need, that s very cheap yeah, sometimes Linje : A: Yeah the money, not enough to all the requires, but maybe because I have not not have smoke Linje : A: I have a when I take the money we book a plan, two weeks plan, yeah A: What we can eating what we can, be anything that s good that s enough with the money 5

128 I: So you try to plan every day, say we make this and this, or I m make this and this? A: Yeah Linje 415: A: No no, this center haven t any activities Linje : A: And maybe go with some foods to another friends, you eat together A: Not eat together and give and another time they if you have a good food or a famous good food take it, yeah I: Mmh, and give it to A: Yeah, last week we take sweet foods foods, we make I: Ah okay A: Yeah, we take it to the children the children, the boy said to me Hi I said come and give the dish with, this food after two days or three days he bring a kind of food from Pakistan A: Family women with the children, this children, this woman give their another food to us, yeah Linje : I: Could you imagine any activities that could be done here that could perhaps make your day better here at the center. Could there be started anything, that might make your day better? A: Not, I haven t any real ideas about this I: For you it really just a waiting period here, so you can go on to the next A: yeah Linje : so, we talk a bit about your future. What wishes and dreams do you have right now? For the future A: To the future I I want to firstly I want to meet my family 6

129 A: Yeah, that s the one purpose because the situation not good and after this I I hope to work and my special engineer Linje : A: And I haven t any any problem with the religions A: No problem, because I have many friends is here they re Christians from various kinds, because in Syria not all Muslim I haven t any bad thoughts or black thoughts about this human, this people I want to know more, yeah about the people, Danmark Linje : I: So, you have some wishes and dreams about your future. What do you feel about the activities here now. Do they support or prevent you from realizing those dreams you fell what you do now is that positive or negative in regard to your future dreams? A: The activities, or which one? I: yeah A: Not that s support a little bit not high, which I hope that that s a bit of that, no Linje : A: Yeah and in Y we are friend with our teacher a teacher from Columbia with the husband from Denmark, yeah we become friendly come to our and take dinner good food from Syria and my friend go to her house and take dinner ( ) Linje : A: Yeah when the war stop I go to my country A: I don t over respect dansk people or any people in the world but my my country is very have a good place in my heart Linje : A: ( ) I haven t any trust with the government ( ) because, all of the government, lies lies 7

130 lies Linje : A: But that s give good ideas to me or a good start to me and them but after this there is a police woman come to the school in Y and police woman come to school in Syria this is not happened I: No A: yeah. In Syria all police are men all police men enter the school, but the school have respect? the police man, woman from Y go to the school and talk to the refugees in the class Billedmateriale: Linje 574: A: I watch song on Facebook I have very much music Arabic music Linje : what about the picture of the cake? What make you take a picture of the cake? That is the oh, that s the one you talked about you baked to the children A: Yeah in Syria, when you, all family when you make a good food or a famous food go to your neighbors I: And give? A: Yeah yeah all peoples have a that s give a good emotion, giving is A: And give a a high feeling a human feeling Meningskategorisering, Bashir: Occupational deprivation Linje 22-35: I: So did you come by yourself or did you come along with other people, that you knew in Somalia? B: I come by myself 8

131 I: Okay, was it a difficult journey to? B: Yeah, it was a difficult journey, I passed a lot of countries then I came here I: So you came here by yourself, how does that effect your life here, is it difficult, do you feel alone? sometimes, I feel alone because in here we don t have nothing to do, we go to school then come back here sit all day and thinking thinking, you got a lot of stress. If you don t have something to do, you know, you think too much. But sometimes I have a lot of friends, we sit together and try to make a good life I: Then it is okay. Because you had a really busy life in Somalia compared to know B: Yeah I woke up six O clock and nine O clock at night I come back home. I was to much busy. And here all day I sit at home, nothing to do Linje 30-31: B: But sometimes I have a lot of friends, we sit together and try to make a good life Linje 44-45: B: Yeah, it is my dream, I would love to work as a journalist here in Denmark. If I got opportunity I am not going to miss it Linje 50-54: I: So have you tried to perhaps pursued that interest in the asylum center, learn to play anything? B: Yeah, one of my friends have the guitar and sometimes I try to. He tried to teach me, but now he went back to Titanien, he played good music. But I could not learn, it is difficult to learn you know Linje 68-76: I: So do you Are any of your family journalists or is it just you? B: No, only me. I have one brother, but he is not a journalist. I am the only journalist in my family I: Okay, is your brother here in Denmark? B: No. he is in Somalia. I am only here alone 9

132 I: Are you in contact with them? B: Yeah I: On the Internet or? B: Yeah on the Internet and sometimes we talk on the phone. Linje 85-92: B: Yeah it is relaxing and when you have lot of tension you listen to music you feel free, you know I: So you use this here in the center sometimes? B: Yeah I listen only I: So you feel it helps you to come down B: Yeah, I only use it alone and sometimes we don t have nobody to talk, just to talk to friends on social network, sometimes if you don t have any friends to talk, there is no one online, so you listen to music and sit here Linje 93-95:, it can become very lonely B: Yeah very very, if you don t have a family here and you know good friends. You can understand how the life is Linje 97-99: B: We live here two persons, sometimes you go to his friends, he have a lot of friends in Y. I have here 10 months; here have been here three years, so he have a lot of friends. Sometimes he go Y, Y, Y. I am the only one who here all day Linje : I: So What about practicing Islam here, it must be difficult in the center? B: Yeah. We don t have a mosque here en Y. So sometimes on Friday you go Y Linje : B: Yeah, if you don t have near you house and you travel, there is sometimes you don t have the ticket, so you have to stay at home, sometimes we in group do Islam here and we is in the 10

133 room in the basement, so we pray there. And sometimes we go to Y to pray Linje 127: B: No, I wake up, you know, I go to school four days a week Linje : B: So we been at school nine O clock, to walk 15 minutes, so I wake up eight O clock and 8:45 I go to school. Then come back 11.15, so I have nothing to do, I just sit here. Linje : B: If you don t have a job or something else and all day you are at home, you know, some friends have their family, mother, sisters, brothers and some they are alone and some have their wife s and children. Linje :. So we have a question about language, because you come to a country where most people speak Danish, is that a big problem for you, the language part, the language barrier, because it is sometimes difficult to communicate, talk with other Danish people? B: Yeah it is, but know I am trying to learn the Danish language, because when I started in school, the pronunciation, it is very difficult, but now I understand a little dansk I: Oh okay, have you tried to speak with Danish people in the city, how was that going? B: It is good, but if you don t know that much dansk, you feel a little shy, you know Linje : I: But I can imagine that Danish people are quite different from Somalia people? Just sometimes you say people are reflecting of the climate, when it is cold outside Danish people sometimes can be a little bit closed and difficult to talk to, I can imagine compared to perhaps Somalia people? B: Yeah, the Somalia people you know, they can, they don t go one person outside, if we go outside we go together, five person, six persons. So here you can see one person go here, sometimes if you go alone here, you see no body here, when you walk five minutes, 10 minutes, you see one person walking here 11

134 Linje :, just friends, workmates, did you know a lot of people in Somalia, was that a part of your job as a journalist? B: Yeah, I know a lot of people, we contacted them on Facebook I: So what about your relations now, are they most on Facebook? B: Yeah, sometimes they are on Facebook and sometimes we call them and talk together on skype so Linje :. So you have a lot of friends in the center too? B: Yeah I have a little, five or six friends. Linje : B: Yeah, we play sport and talk and Saturday, Sunday night we make food together also we like eat together. Linje : I: Is that enough to cover your needs just the things you need to buy, or do you feel it is difficult? B: It is different, the money we take, when the case is open, you can take 1200, they say it is face two, but when you got two negative the immigrations rejects your case I: Okay B: So sometimes it is enough and sometimes it is not enough Linje : I: Do you have enough money to like travel to other parts of the country like if you want to go to Y a couple of time in the week? B: No I: Not enough money? B: We don t go, if we wan t, we wan t to make sure we go here, we have two shops here and we make shop in here. Sometime Friday, we go in Y. That is the only where we travel. 12

135 Linje : I: So what kind of activities are offered here in the asylum center for you to do, do you feel like there is anything offered or is it? B: Yeah they give us jobcenter, today I have jobcenter, but I tell them I have interview and I can t come to jobcenter Linje : B: Yeah, sometimes I try to make interview and make history but it is not possible, we don t have the permission to do that Linje : B: Yeah, if I can work as a journalist or something else to keep yourself busy, I would like. But I don t have the chance Linje : B: No, if you know how to fix a bicycle I would do it, but if you don t, you can t do this. If they give us another kind of job, like shooting pictures, filming I can do it. Linje : B: You know I always like to work as a journalist you know, any kind of TV or radio station, so I like to be a big journalist. And to have a good name I like to be a journalist in my future Linje : B: No, I did not talk about my dreams to them, when we need the help, we go ask them, but they can t help us more. Linje : B: No my, I told you, my case is rejected here, so they told me to leave the country in 15 days and I am still here you know. You know, I go to another country, they will send me back here. 13

136 Linje : I: That is good, but where you live in Somalia, was that a big city or small town? B: Yeah, big city I: So it is very very different from here? Y is really really small B: Yeah. It is small and they don t have a lot of population, when you go out it is quite I: We were driving here, and we said wow it is really outside en the country, so far away from, it just feel that way B: Yeah, sometimes when I go out, there is nobody here, I am alone Linje : B: You know, sometimes you can t get what you need, if you don t have any resident or agreement to stay here, you can t wish more dreams, so you don t know about your future. You live as a refugee, so Linje : B: Yeah some people they come here only one month and they go, and I just stay here 10 months and some of my friends they live here three years four years. So it is difficult for us Linje : B: Yeah if you don t, if your case is rejected you don t have permission to stay here and the government told you, you have to leave the country, you have 15 days, you feel,you come here, you leave your family to have a better life, and you can t find noting on stay here. So you think too much and a lot of tension and stress Linje : B: Yeah, you know, the other people who come from another country, they smoke inside their room, and inside the work places, so when you come in new country, new place, and you don t know how to live this, you try to smoke inside. If you smoke here, you have to pay 500 kr Linje : I: Oh yeah, it is very good pictures, and beautiful. Could you imagine living in a different 14

137 camp, from this one, perhaps closer to like more activities like in Y or Y? B: Yeah, Y have a lot of population Linje : B: You know, if you have a lot of friends, who tell you to make good activities, you have to have friends to help you. But en Y or Y, Y I don t have friends. So I have to stay here Dagbogsmateriale: Linje 35-36: My favirote hoppy is listening to music its a very entertaining thing to do music gives me fun things to do music is very important to every day life you can listen to it or create it your self. Linje 45-47: ( ) we seat at home trying to have a fun at home sometimes we cook food together and eat we watch movies we try to make our time good couse we dont have a work to do, that is why we try to keep our self busy. Linje 47-54: We go shcool 4 days a week after shcool we are at home all day and nothing to do just having fun watching movies cooking food together teling stories about our contries we share our feelings couse we are like family sometimes we remember our old days in our homeland and we feel home sick missing our childhood friends and family what i miss the most is my family couse I am far away from them every single minut they are in my mind sometimes i feel very lonly here whenever i remember about my family i feel very sad with out your family your life will be dificult. Linje 60-62: You can get a better daily life if you have something to do. But here we live a asylcenter and we dont have nothing to do, only we go school, and after school we are at home all day. But we try to make our daily life better and we hope to have a good daily life in a future. 15

138 Linje 64-66: if you spend alot of your everyday moments and time in the future or the past or you have difficult focusing and you feel this may have a negative effect on your life then maybe you want to learn to live more in the present moment. Linje 69-71: (...) it s not good to have a stress if we have something to do like job or somthing like helping people you will be busy if i got a job or somthing make my self busy my daily life will be better than now. Linje 72-74: In my past i was a busy man i used to work 13 hours a day so i am not used to seat at home, that is why i feel boring but one day it will be good and i hope that i got somethin to make my self busy and make me feel proud to my self. Meningskategorisering, Calel: Occupational deprivation Linje 21-28: I: So did you come by yourself originally or did you have your wife with you? Family? C: Yes, my family is in Y I: Okay yeah. So what did it mean to you that you didn t come here by yourself? At the start? Did it mean you have somebody to talk to or? Was that good thing or a bad thing that you didn t come by yourself to Denmark? C: No good thing I: It was a good thing? C: Yeah Linje 67: C: In Kurdistan I have friends. But know no. because I m 3 years outside. Linje : 16

139 . So a typical or normal day here at the asylums center, what is that like? What time do you get up now here? C: Here I don t sleep. Here every time I have a sitrus, because I man been three years here. Linje : C: Here I m go to the office and sometimes my English, a little understand English, but for the Kurdish I understand several languages Kurdish. So Pakistan and Arabic. I m going to office and help Linje : I: Okay service So know do you do anything outside the center? Play sports. Go to the fitness center? C: No no. I: No? C: Just I m going to the Kirk. I: The kirk? C: Yes the Kirken. I: Oh okay yes Kirken. Aarh den Arabize kirke. So what does it mean to you to go there? Is it a place of peace and quiet? C: No I m a student here, about Christianity. Linje : C: Yeah English a little bit good, but Danish is difficult. If I m not going to the school I m not going to understand. Linje : I: Okay yeah. Do you get a little bit of money from the Danish government? Just every two weeks? C: Yes every two weeks I: Is that enough for you to get what you need or do you feel it is to little? C: When you don t drink or don t smoke, yeah it is good 17

140 Linje 160: C: Yeah Sometimes the bus and sometimes the train. Sometimes my friend have a car Linje : I: Okay. So what kind of activities can you do here at the center? What kind of things can you do here? Is there any offered? C: No nothing because I don t have a positive on here, I have positive I can t make something here I: Because you have no positive you cannot? C: When you have positive, you can make everything Linje :. So have you done anything to try to find anything what do you do here? How do you past time here? What can... do you talk with people or watch TV? C: Watch TV yeah. Watch TV and reading, and going to my family cause my wife in the Y, and my children. I have three children Linje : just if you could like think about the perfect thing to do, what would it be? C: No nothing, because I m in the Denmark and it is stopping everything Linje : C: For the people here, just have the same problem, everyone stay in their home. Like this. But you don t can work this very problem. I: So you would like to work? C: Work yes, not like for any country you can t work. Not Denmark, because they give you some money to eat, every this two week. You cannot go to the outside to work. When new people go to the outside to work, this is very very good because not can every time you think this is positive. When im going to the outside, I have a work, I don t every time think about this 18

141 Linje : C: Yes now I m three years stay here. I: It must be hard for you? C: Yeah not for me. Because I have a friend five years and a friend 10 years stay. This is a problem ( ) Linje : C: Sometime I speak about my office here. I want to come back to my country but they said wait. Give me positive and they say wait Linje : I: So you want to go back to your country or do you wanna stay in Denmark? C: I want to stay because I have børn, children here. Because now if you come back in my country they will say who is this children. So this is problem. Linje : ( ) you don t can t going to the work outside. Because you in the way. 19

142 Bilag 12 Meningskondensering af Ali, Bashir og Calel. Meningskondensering, Ali: Occupational deprivation Linje 16-21: I: Okay, yeah. A large city or a small city? A: I m from a middle city That s the area around Syria. I: Okay. A: Around Damaskus. I: Ah okay, so it s close to a really big city. A: Yeah. Linje 33-37: A: I don t want to come to Denmark in the beginning I: Okay A: In the beginning, yeah. Because the Sweden government have a I believe with the Sweden government. But I don t have any information about the Denmark government yeah not negative, but I don t have the information, but now I have negative Linje 39: A: yeah, I have negative opinion about the government here Linje 49-50: A: Yeah but because I am from Syria I have many difficulties in my life my family is waiting for me waiting for positive news Linje 68-70: Han er fra en større by Ingen bestemmelse over hvilket land han kom til. Han har en negativ mening om regeringen Familien venter på at han giver dem positive nyheder Krigen har haft en negativ effekt ift. hans job 1

143 A: Have a negative effect this war become or give a very negative effect to the people and the children have many many negative effect their science process, the university when the war comes my job in Syria... I m a manager of a production of washing machine Linje 85-91: A: In Syrian I haven t any time empty, I love my life I: Very busy life A: Yeah, and this this work or job are a complex job. Have an effect, a negative effect to my family because there is no empty. I have in my section 139 workers I: Okay yeah, that s many people A: Yeah it is many people, and many difficult and the production is a difficult process production I haven t any empty time in the life in Syria. But now I have a lot Linje : I: Does it make you feel like lonely? Or Do you have people to talk to here? A: Yeah yeah I have many people but my children that s a special feeling Linje : I: So can you talk to them on skype or computer, or any? A: The telephone no skype. The service of the internet not speedily in Syria, yeah I: Mmh A: Because that I find WhatsApp or any som manager for produktionsfirmaet. Førhen var han beskæftiget med sit job og havde næsten ingen fritid, hvorimod han nu på centeret har meget fritid. Han føler sig ensom og savner sine børn, trods hans venskaber på centeret. Kommunikerer med familien vha. af diverse teknologiske programmer, trods distancen. 2

144 line any programs, communication programs Linje : A: Yeah I in the main purpose, the first purpose I want to to be succeed, in my life. Because I have study many years and because I want to the personality reason, yeah A: To give my results of my study. Yeah. And the second reason also for money, but the money is not the main. Because I m not, in Syria a poor man, I m in the middle. I have my family, my father and my our brothers have a shopping in this town. In my town, yeah Linje : A: Yeah yeah, because of people in Syria not like this, we have in Syrian we have very I: Warm? A: Yeah yeah yeah and in Syrian people are very romantic Linje : A: Come, a few you don t know X if you want just, tok tok no talk I: We are cold cold people? A: Yeah, cold people and negative people but I don t know any reason for this because, maybe because the war from Hitler yeah, I don t know Linje : Meningen med arbejde er at det skaber succes, efter en del års studie og samtidig giver det løn. Syrisk kultur er anderledes fra dansk. Han opfatter det syriske folk som varme og danskere som kolde. Han havde et meningsfuldt liv. 3

145 I: It s a very long day A: Yeah but that s I have interesting in my job because I have a purpose in my life I am not angry from this work Linje : A: I always always, I want to escape from the the time in this center or in this state or this country I escape in my mind Linje : A: To wonder a good life my good life events all to Facebook and communicate with my friends I have many friends in the world, yeah I have in Sweden from 17 years my friend in Sweden, yeah and I have from five years in Scotland Linje : A: ( ) it give relax to me, yeah if I have a short time, empty time to call my wife in the morning, and give a positive ( ) That s give a good day to my life, my family and give my day a good start Linje : A: ( ) I m ready to go to school we have four times in the week to go to the school went to the school at eight and a half and return to the house and then take breakfast with my friend or with my friend and take breakfast, and my breakfast is Arabic breakfast, very delicious yeah, because in Denmark not likes it because Syria have a famous food you haven t any Forsøger mentalt at flygte fra virkeligheden. Han har venner fra andre lande som han holder kontakten via Facebook. Det giver ham en god start på dagen når han er i kontakt med hans kone. Han går I skole 4 gange om ugen. Danmark har ikke kendskab til Syriens madkultur. 4

146 information about Syria but many people from France, from England have information, yeah but Denmark is very far from, yeah Linje : I: And then you take a break, or what do you do in the afternoon? A: Yeah, that s, yeah I rest or sove in dansk Linje : A: Yeah, fitness and one or two hours in the day I go to the fitness A: I have two purpose from this activity I want to talk dane new friends from Denmark... because I want to improve my language dansk I: Mmh A: Yeah, that s the conversation if I haven t any conversation or I don t talk with any dansk people I can t because the language, dansk cannot you can t teach, learn it, write you must be talk Linje 318: A: Because that I want to have new friends Linje : A: Yeah, some because that the people is not much people in this town in Y there s many people Y I: Very small, yeah Linje : I: So is it difficult for you to communicate, to Han bruger eftermiddagen på at sove. Formålet med at gå I fitness er at forbedre det danske sprog, samt at etablere nye venskaber. Han ønsker at opbygge et nyt socialt netværk. Vrå er en lille by med få indbyggere ift. Hjørring. Han finder det ikke svært at kommunikere med danskere, selvom han nogle gange må 5

147 talk with people in Danish? A: No no no I: They understand you? A: Yeah if they if I can t understand their dansk, I talk with English A: Or with signal Linje : I: So you is the fitness center, is that the only activity you have outside of this center. Or do you do anything else outside? A: Yeah I, maybe I go to the library I: Is there a few books in Syria? What do you do in the library? A: Not, we have Arabic and dansk I have this book from school I want to improve my language the purpose improve my language to go to the library or go to the fitness Linje : A: Yeah I talk with many people and the various nations various nations, many nations from Argentina I have friend I have friend, girl or boy and I have from Syria yeah, friends I know him in this center and from Somalia Linje : A: There is two malls in this town not like in Y they have a big town and go to the mall and go to the there is a football play Linje : A: Yeah, and go to the in Wednesday, bruge tegnsprog. Aktiviteter udenfor centeret består af at gå på bibliotetet og læse bøger for at forbedre det danske sprog. Han taler med mennesker fra forskellige nationer på centeret. Y er en større by end den by centeret er placeret i. Han køber ind i Røde Kors fordi det er billigt. 6

148 Thursday, Friday, three days maybe go with my some friends to the cross you know cross shopping? I: Cross, shopping? Nåe, røde kors the Red Cross Center A: Yeah, røde cross A: To buy somethings we need, that s very cheap yeah, sometimes Linje : A: Yeah the money, not enough to all the requires, but maybe because I have not not have smoke Linje : A: I have a when I take the money we book a plan, two weeks plan, yeah A: What we can eating what we can, be anything that s good that s enough with the money I: So you try to plan every day, say we make this and this, or I m make this and this? A: Yeah Linje 415: A: No no, this center haven t any activities Linje : A: And maybe go with some foods to another friends, you eat together A: Not eat together and give and another time they if you have a good food or a famous good food take it, yeah Den økonomiske støtte er ikke tilstrækkelig. Han laver madplaner for at pengene rækker. Centeret har ingen aktiviteter. God mad deles gerne med andre fra centeret. 7

149 I: Mmh, and give it to A: Yeah, last week we take sweet foods foods, we make I: Ah okay A: Yeah, we take it to the children the children, the boy said to me Hi I said come and give the dish with, this food after two days or three days he bring a kind of food from Pakistan A: Family women with the children, this children, this woman give their another food to us, yeah Linje : I: Could you imagine any activities that could be done here that could perhaps make your day better here at the center. Could there be started anything, that might make your day better? A: Not, I haven t any real ideas about this I: For you it really just a waiting period here, so you can go on to the next A: yeah Linje : so, we talk a bit about your future. What wishes and dreams do you have right now? For the future A: To the future I I want to firstly I want to meet my family A: Yeah, that s the one purpose because Opholdet på asylcenteret opleves som en venteperiode. Hans ønsker for fremtiden er at blive genforenet med familien og arbejde som ingeniør. 8

150 the situation not good and after this I I hope to work and my special engineer Linje : A: And I haven t any any problem with the religions A: No problem, because I have many friends is here they re Christians from various kinds, because in Syria not all Muslim I haven t any bad thoughts or black thoughts about this human, this people I want to know more, yeah about the people, Danmark Linje : I: So, you have some wishes and dreams about your future. What do you feel about the activities here now. Do they support or prevent you from realizing those dreams you fell what you do now is that positive or negative in regard to your future dreams? A: The activities, or which one? I: yeah A: Not that s support a little bit not high, which I hope that that s a bit of that, no Linje : A: Yeah and in Y we are friend with our teacher a teacher from Columbia with the husband from Denmark, yeah we become friendly come to our and take dinner good food from Syria and my friend go to her house and take dinner ( ) Han har venner med forskellige religiøse overbevisninger. Aktiviteterne som tilbydes på centeret støtter ham ikke tilstrækkeligt i realiseringen af hans drømme. Han havde et venskabeligt forhold til læreren. 9

151 Linje : A: Yeah when the war stop I go to my country A: I don t over respect dansk people or any people in the world but my my country is very have a good place in my heart Linje : A: ( ) I haven t any trust with the government ( ) because, all of the government, lies lies lies Linje : A: But that s give good ideas to me or a good start to me and them but after this there is a police woman come to the school in Y and police woman come to school in Syria this is not happened I: No A: yeah. In Syria all police are men all police men enter the school, but the school have respect? the police man, woman from Y go to the school and talk to the refugees in the class Billeder Linje 574: A: I watch song on Facebook I have very much music Arabic music Linje : what about the picture of the cake? What make you take a picture of the cake? That is the oh, that s the one you talked Han ønsker at komme tilbage til sit hjemland. Han stoler ikke på regeringen. Det sker ikke at møde en kvindelig politikvinde i Syrien. De er alle mænd. Han lytter til arabisk musik via Facebook. Det giver en menneskelig følelse. 10

152 about you baked to the children A: Yeah in Syria, when you, all family when you make a good food or a famous food go to your neighbors I: And give? A: Yeah yeah all peoples have a that s give a good emotion, giving is A: And give a a high feeling a human feeling Meningskondensering, Bashir: Occupational deprivation Linje 22-35: I: So did you come by yourself or did you come along with other people, that you knew in Somalia? B: I come by myself I: Okay, was it a difficult journey to? B: Yeah, it was a difficult journey, I passed a lot of countries then I came here I: So you came here by yourself, how does that effect your life here, is it difficult, do you feel alone? sometimes, I feel alone because in here we don t have nothing to do, we go to school then come back here sit all day and thinking thinking, you got a lot of stress. If you don t have something to do, you know, you think too much. But sometimes I have a lot of friends, we sit together and try to make Sammenlignet med hans tidligere liv, føler han sig rastløs og stresset fordi der ikke er noget at lave på centeret. 11

153 a good life I: Then it is okay. Because you had a really busy life in Somalia compared to know B: Yeah I woke up six O clock and nine O clock at night I come back home. I was to much busy. And here all day I sit at home, nothing to do Linje 30-31: B: But sometimes I have a lot of friends, we sit together and try to make a good life Linje 44-45: B: Yeah, it is my dream, I would love to work as a journalist here in Denmark. If I got opportunity I am not going to miss it Linje 50-54: I: So have you tried to perhaps pursued that interest in the asylum center, learn to play anything? B: Yeah, one of my friends have the guitar and sometimes I try to. He tried to teach me, but now he went back to Titanien, he played good music. But I could not learn, it is difficult to learn you know Linje 68-76: I: So do you Are any of your family journalists or is it just you? B: No, only me. I have one brother, but he is not a journalist. I am the only journalist in my family I: Okay, is your brother here in Denmark? B: No. he is in Somalia. I am only here alone I: Are you in contact with them? Nogle gange mødes han med venner og prøver at skabe et godt liv på centeret. Hvis han fik muligheden vil han gerne arbejde som journalist I Danamrk. Han forsøger at indfri sin interesse ved at lære spille guitar med sin ven. Hans bror bor I Somalia, dog har han kontakt med ham via Facebook. 12

154 B: Yeah I: On the Internet or? B: Yeah on the Internet and sometimes we talk on the phone. Linje 85-92: B: Yeah it is relaxing and when you have lot of tension you listen to music you feel free, you know I: So you use this here in the center sometimes? B: Yeah I listen only I: So you feel it helps you to come down B: Yeah, I only use it alone and sometimes we don t have nobody to talk, just to talk to friends on social network, sometimes if you don t have any friends to talk, there is no one online, so you listen to music and sit here Linje 93-95:, it can become very lonely B: Yeah very very, if you don t have a family here and you know good friends. You can understand how the life is Linje 97-99: B: We live here two persons, sometimes you go to his friends, he have a lot of friends in Y. I have here 10 months; here have been here three years, so he have a lot of friends. Sometimes he go Y, Y, Y. I am the only one who here all day Linje : I: So What about practicing Islam here, it must be difficult in the center? Musik hjælper ham til at håndtere stress, føle sig fri og beskæftiger ham når han ikke har noget at foretage sig på centeret. Uden familie og venner er livet ensomt. Han har ikke fået etableret et socialt netværk, hvilket begrænser ham i at besøge andre byer og derfor opholder han sig meget på centreret alene. Han har ikke mulighed for at dyrke hans religion. 13

155 B: Yeah. We don t have a mosque here en Y. So sometimes on Friday you go Y Linje : B: Yeah, if you don t have near you house and you travel, there is sometimes you don t have the ticket, so you have to stay at home, sometimes we in group do Islam here and we is in the room in the basement, so we pray there. And sometimes we go to Y to pray Linje 127: B: No, I wake up, you know, I go to school four days a week Linje : B: So we been at school nine O clock, to walk 15 minutes, so I wake up eight O clock and 8:45 I go to school. Then come back 11.15, so I have nothing to do, I just sit here. Linje : B: If you don t have a job or something else and all day you are at home, you know, some friends have their family, mother, sisters, brothers and some they are alone and some have their wife s and children. Linje :. So we have a question about language, because you come to a country where most people speak Danish, is that a big problem for you, the language part, the language barrier, because it is sometimes difficult to communicate, talk with other Danish people? Når der er mulighed for det tager de til Y til at bede, ellers gøres dette på centeret i kælderen, ved eget initiativ. Han går i skole fire dage om ugen. Udover skole er der ikke andet at foretage sig på centeret. Uden familie og job har han intet at foretage sig. Han oplever sprogbarrierer i dagligdagen i forhold til at kommunikerer med danskere. 14

156 B: Yeah it is, but know I am trying to learn the Danish language, because when I started in school, the pronunciation, it is very difficult, but now I understand a little dansk I: Oh okay, have you tried to speak with Danish people in the city, how was that going? B: It is good, but if you don t know that much dansk, you feel a little shy, you know Linje : I: But I can imagine that Danish people are quite different from Somalia people? Just sometimes you say people are reflecting of the climate, when it is cold outside Danish people sometimes can be a little bit closed and difficult to talk to, I can imagine compared to perhaps Somalia people? B: Yeah, the Somalia people you know, they can, they don t go one person outside, if we go outside we go together, five person, six persons. So here you can see one person go here, sometimes if you go alone here, you see no body here, when you walk five minutes, 10 minutes, you see one person walking here Linje :, just friends, workmates, did you know a lot of people in Somalia, was that a part of your job as a journalist? B: Yeah, I know a lot of people, we contacted them on Facebook I: So what about your relations now, are they most on Facebook? Han oplever kulturelle forskelle, da det i Somalia er almindeligt at gå i grupper, hvorimod han oplever at folk ofte går alene i Danmark. Vedligeholder kontakt med venner gennem Facebook og Skype. 15

157 B: Yeah, sometimes they are on Facebook and sometimes we call them and talk together on skype so Linje :. So you have a lot of friends in the center too? B: Yeah I have a little, five or six friends. Linje : B: Yeah, we play sport and talk and Saturday, Sunday night we make food together also we like eat together. Linje : I: Is that enough to cover your needs just the things you need to buy, or do you feel it is difficult? B: It is different, the money we take, when the case is open, you can take 1200, they say it is face two, but when you got two negative the immigrations rejects your case I: Okay B: So sometimes it is enough and sometimes it is not enough Linje : I: Do you have enough money to like travel to other parts of the country like if you want to go to Y a couple of time in the week? B: No I: Not enough money? B: We don t go, if we wan t, we wan t to make sure we go here, we have two shops here and we make shop in here. Sometime Friday, we go in Y. That is the only where we Han har fem til seks venner på centeret. I weekenderne laver de mad sammen. Økonomien er ikke altid tilstrækkelig. Han har ikke nok penge til at rejse rundt i Danmark. Han rejser kun til en nærliggende større by. 16

158 travel. Linje : I: So what kind of activities are offered here in the asylum center for you to do, do you feel like there is anything offered or is it? B: Yeah they give us jobcenter, today I have jobcenter, but I tell them I have interview and I can t come to jobcenter Linje : B: Yeah, sometimes I try to make interview and make history but it is not possible, we don t have the permission to do that Linje : B: Yeah, if I can work as a journalist or something else to keep yourself busy, I would like. But I don t have the chance Linje : B: No, if you know how to fix a bicycle I would do it, but if you don t, you can t do this. If they give us another kind of job, like shooting pictures, filming I can do it. Linje : B: You know I always like to work as a journalist you know, any kind of TV or radio station, so I like to be a big journalist. And to have a good name I like to be a journalist in my future Linje : B: No my, I told you, my case is rejected here, so they told me to leave the country in 15 days and I am still here you know. You know, if I go to another country, they will Der tilbydes aktiviteter på asylcenteret. Han prøver at følge sin interesse i journalistik, men har ikke tilladelse til at gøre dette. Han vil gerne arbejde som journalist, men han har ikke mulighed for det. Hvis han ikke har kenskab til jobbet, kan han ikke udføre det. Han vil gerne skabe et godt omdømme igennem arbejde. Han fik at vide at han skulle forlade landet, men han er her stadig. 17

159 send me back here. Linje : B: No, I did not talk about my dreams to them, when we need the help, we go ask them, but they can t help us more. Linje : B: No my, I told you, my case is rejected here, so they told me to leave the country in 15 days and I am still here you know. You know, I go to another country, they will send me back here. Linje : I: That is good, but where you live in Somalia, was that a big city or small town? B: Yeah, big city I: So it is very very different from here? Y is really really small B: Yeah. It is small and they don t have a lot of population, when you go out it is quite I: We were driving here, and we said wow it is really outside en the country, so far away from, it just feel that way B: Yeah, sometimes when I go out, there is nobody here, I am alone Linje : B: You know, sometimes you can t get what you need, if you don t have any resident or agreement to stay here, you can t wish more dreams, so you don t know about your future. You live as a refugee, so Linje : B: Yeah some people they come here only Han taler ikke med dem om hans drømme, da de ikke kan hjælpe ham. Han asylsag blev afvist, men han er stadig i landet. Han føler sig alene i Y, da det er en stille og mindre by med få indbyggere, sammenlignet med hans hjemby. Når han ikke har opholdstilladelse har han ikke så mange muligheder. Det er udenfor hans kontrol hvor længe han og andre skal opholde sig på centeret. 18

160 one month and they go, and I just stay here 10 months and some of my friends they live here three years four years. So it is difficult for us Linje : B: Yeah if you don t, if your case is rejected you don t have permission to stay here and the government told you, you have to leave the country, you have 15 days, you feel,you come here, you leave your family to have a better life, and you can t find noting on stay here. So you think too much and a lot of tension and stress Linje : B: Yeah, you know, the other people who come from another country, they smoke inside their room, and inside the work places, so when you come in new country, new place, and you don t know how to live this, you try to smoke inside. If you smoke here, you have to pay 500 kr Linje : I: Oh yeah, it is very good pictures, and beautiful. Could you imagine living in a different camp, from this one, perhaps closer to like more activities like in Y or Y? B: Yeah, Y have a lot of population Linje : B: You know, if you have a lot of friends, who tell you to make good activities, you have to have friends to help you. But en Y or Y, Y I don t have friends. So I have to stay Han kommer til Danmark for at få et bedre liv, men det er ikke sikkert at han får lov til at blive I Danmark, hvilket er frustrerende. Når man kommer til et et nyt land, ved man ikke hvordan hvordan befolkningen lever. Den nærliggende by har et større indbyggertal. Et socialt netværk skaber muligheder for at udføre aktiviteter, dog oplever han at han ikke har disse muligheder. 19

161 here Dagbogsmateriale: Linje 35-36: My favirote hoppy is listening to music its a very entertaining thing to do music gives me fun things to do music is very important to every day life you can listen to it or create it your self. Linje 45-47: ( ) we seat at home trying to have a fun at home sometimes we cook food together and eat we watch movies we try to make our time good couse we dont have a work to do, that is why we try to keep our self busy. Musik er en vigtig aktivitet i hans hverdag. De prøver at få det bedste ud af hverdagen på centeret, da de ikke har job og beskæftige sig med. Linje 47-54: (...) we are at home all day and nothing to do just having fun watching movies cooking food together teling stories about our contries we share our feelings couse we are like family sometimes we remember our old days in our homeland and we feel home sick missing our childhood friends and family what i miss the most is my family couse I am far away from them every single minut they are in my mind sometimes i feel very lonly here whenever i remember about my family i feel very sad with out your family your life will be dificult. Linje 60-62: You can get a better daily life if you have something to do. But here we live a De opfatter hinanden som familie og prøver at skabe et fælleskab på centeret da de har hjemve. Han savner familien og uden dem er livet svært. Hvis man har noget at lave, får man et bedre hverdagsliv. De forsøger at gøre deres hverdag bedre og håber på en bedre fremtid. 20

162 asylcenter and we dont have nothing to do, only we go school, and after school we are at home all day. But we try to make our daily life better and we hope to have a good daily life in a future. Linje 64-66: if you spend alot of your everyday moments and time in the future or the past or you have difficult focusing and you feel this may have a negative effect on your life then maybe you want to learn to live more in the present moment. Linje 69-71: (...) it s not good to have a stress if we have something to do like job or somthing like helping people you will be busy if i got a job or somthing make my self busy my daily life will be better than now. Linje 72-74: In my past i was a busy man i used to work 13 hours a day so i am not used to seat at home, that is why i feel boring but one day it will be good and i hope that i got something to make my self busy and make me feel proud to my self. Hvis man bruger for meget tid I fortiden eller fremtiden, kan det have en negativ effekt på nutiden. Det er ikke godt at have stress, hvis man ønsker at få et job eller hjælpe andre mennesker. I hjemlandet var han en travl mand og han var ikke vant til at have så meget fritid. 21

163 Meningskondensering, Calel: Occupational deprivation Linje 21-28: I: So did you come by yourself originally or did you have your wife with you? Family? C: Yes, my family is in Y I: Okay yeah. So what did it mean to you that you didn t come here by yourself? At the start? Did it mean you have somebody to talk to or? Was that good thing or a bad thing that you didn t come by yourself to Denmark? C: No good thing I: It was a good thing? C: Yeah Linje 67: C: In Kurdistan I have friends. But know no. because I m 3 years outside. Linje :. So a typical or normal day here at the asylums center, what is that like? What time do you get up now here? C: Here I don t sleep. Here every time I have a sitrus, because I man been three years here. Linje : C: Here I m go to the office and sometimes my English, a little understand English, but for the Kurdish I understand several languages Kurdish. So Pakistan and Arabic. I m going to office and help. Linje : Det var en god ting at han til Danmark med hans familie. Han har mistet sine bekendtskaber. Han kan ikke sove på asylcenteret. Han kan hjælpe med at oversætte for andre beboere. Han studerer kristendom ved en kirke. 22

164 I: Okay service So know do you do anything outside the center? Play sports. Go to the fitness center? C: No no. I: No? C: Just I m going to the Kirk. I: The kirk? C: Yes the Kirken. I: Oh okay yes Kirken. Aarh den Arabize kirke. So what does it mean to you to go there? Is it a place of peace and quiet? C: No I m a student here, about Christianity. Linje : C: Yeah English a little bit good, but Danish is difficult. If I m not going to the school I m not going to understand. Linje : I: Okay yeah. Do you get a little bit of money from the Danish government? Just every two weeks? C: Yes every two weeks I: Is that enough for you to get what you need or do you feel it is to little? C: When you don t drink or don t smoke, yeah it is good Linje 160: C: Yeah Sometimes the bus and sometimes the train. Sometimes my friend have a car Linje : I: Okay. So what kind of activities can you do here at the center? What kind of things can you do here? Is there any offered? Han synes at dansk er svært. Den økonomiske støtte er tilstrækkelig, hvis man ikke ryger og drikker. Transportmuligheder for at komme udenfor centeret. Uden opholdstilladelse oplever han at det udfordrende at udføre aktiviteter. 23

165 C: No nothing because I don t have a positive on here, I have positive I can t make something here I: Because you have no positive you cannot? C: When you have positive, you can make everything Linje :. So have you done anything to try to find anything what do you do here? How do you past time here? What can... do you talk with people or watch TV? C: Watch TV yeah. Watch TV and reading, and going to my family cause my wife in the Y, and my children. I have three children Linje : just if you could like think about the perfect thing to do, what would it be? C: No nothing, because I m in the Denmark and it is stopping everything Linje : C: For the people here, just have the same problem, everyone stay in their home. Like this. But you don t can work this very problem. I: So you would like to work? C: Work yes, not like for any country you can t work. Not Denmark, because they give you some money to eat, every this two week. You cannot go to the outside to work. When new people go to the outside to work, this is very very good because not can every time you think this is positive. When im going to Han udfylder sin dag ud med at se TV, læse og besøge familien, der bor i en nærliggende by. Opholdet på centeret har medført at tilværelsen er gået i stå for ham. Han har ikke mulighed for at arbejde, så længe han opholder sig på asylcenteret. 24

166 the outside, I have a work, I don t every time think about this Linje : C: Yes now I m three years stay here. I: It must be hard for you? C: Yeah not for me. Because I have a friend five years and a friend 10 years stay. This is a problem ( ) Linje : C: Sometime I speak about my office here. I want to come back to my country but they said wait. Give me positive and they say wait Linje : I: So you want to go back to your country or do you wanna stay in Denmark? C: I want to stay because I have børn, children here. Because now if you come back in my country they will say who is this children. So this is problem. Linje : ( ) you don t can t going to the work outside. Because you in the way. Han synes det er et problem, når nogle af hans venner må opholde sig adskillige år på asylcenteret. Han skal vente på at få opholdstilladelse. Han ønsker at blive boende I Danmark, da hans familie ligeledes opholder sig her i landet. Han har ikke mulighed for at søge arbejde udenfor centeret. 25

167 Bilag 13 Samtykkeerklæring til centerleder. Samtykkeerklæring Ansøgning til klinisk dataindsamlingssted om tilladelse til at foretage dataindsamling i forbindelse med bachelorprojekt: Uddannelse: Ergoterapeutuddannelsen, University College Nordjylland. I perioden: Jan-Jun Projekt: Bachelorprojekt. Projektets problemformulering: Hvordan kan oplevelsen af occupational deprivation hos asylansøgere ifølge dem selv reduceres på et asylcenter? Dataindsamlingsmetode: (sæt x) Interview af enkelt personer: X Gruppeinterview: Spørgeskema: Observation: Andet: Cultural Probes X Deltagere: Pilotinterview med en beboer. Interviews og cultural probes med tre beboere. Spørgeskema til en centerleder. 1

168 Information: Alle deltagere bliver mundtligt informeret om projektet ved opstart. Derudover er der vedlagt skriftligt materiale i kasserne med cultural probes der beskriver forløbet og dets opgaver. To fra gruppen udleverer cultural probes og tre tilknyttede opgaver og følger løbende op på forløbet. Afslutningsvis interviewes de tre beboere, hvor resultater fra cultural probes inddrages. Med venlig hilsen Maiken Kunnerup Nielsen, Marie Brund Hansen, Andrea Bubic, Dzenita Bajic og Mikael Karlsen Kontaktoplysninger: [email protected]/ Ovenstående er godkendt af Vejleder: Sanne Heidemann-Lehmann Vejleders underskrift: Den ansvarlige kliniske leder: Undertegnede imødekommer hermed ovennævnte ansøgning: Dato: Navn: Stilling: Underskrift: 2

169 Bilag 14 Samtykkeerklæring til informanter. Samtykkeerklæring This consent applies to interview made on the Education: Occupational therapist, University College Nordjylland Project: Bachelorproject Written by: Maiken Kunnerup Nielsen, Mikael Karlsen, Dzenita Bajic, Marie Brund Hansen, Andrea Bubic. Purpose of the project: I confirm to have been informed by the occupational therapy students that: Participation being voluntary and it is without consequence to say no. I may at any time pull out from participation. No information is passed on where my identity will be recognizable. Participation in the project is without risk. The interview will be recorded. The pictures and text from the notebook may be used in the project. All the people in the pictures will be anonymous. Confidential information will be deleted after the project is completed. I hereby give my consent to the interview on the above conditions. Name: Date: 1

170 Bilag 15 Formidling. Målgruppe Det er aftalt med asylcenteret, der har været involveret i bachelorprojektet, at der laves en præsentation fredag 12. juni Målgruppen for formidlingen bliver centerlederen og andre interesserede ansatte samt de involverede informanter. Formidlingen vil være åben, hvilket betyder at alle interesserede beboere på asylcenteret er velkommen. Form Formidling af projektets undersøgelse, resultater og konklusion tager udgangspunkt i en Powerpoint præsentation på engelsk. Præsentationen anvendes til at strukturere formidlingen, men må ikke være distraherende og vil derfor kun indeholde få stikord og sætninger på hver slide. Udgangspunktet er, at præsentationen gennemgås mundtligt på engelsk. Sproget skal være simpelt, for at sikre at budskabet overbringes forståeligt. Her er specielt tænkt på informanterne, der alle har et basalt engelskniveau. Ved fremlæggelse af resultaterne, lægges der op til dialog med de tre involverede informanter for at sikre forståelse og enighed. Fra starten af formidlingen vil det blive understreget, at det er i orden at stille spørgsmål undervejs. Jo mere dialog formidlingen stimulerer, jo større er chancen for, at formidlingens budskab forankres hos modtagerne. Indhold Formidlingen vil indeholde en gennemgang af baggrunden for projektet og underbygge dets relevans. Herefter vil teorien kort beskrives. Fokus vil ligge på at forklare, hvad Occupational Deprivation er og opdelingen af omgivelserne i fire dele. Efterfølgende vil undersøgelsens forløb med cultural probes og interviews beskrives og udfordringerne med at bruge disse. Afslutningsvis gennemgås undersøgelsens resultater og konklusion. Denne del vil også indeholde en diskussion af resultaterne. Selvom formidlingen skal være tro mod projektets opbygning, vil hovedparten af indholdet være koncentreret omkring resultater og konklusion, der er relevant for målgruppen. For at sikre en forståelse af disse, er det dog nødvendigt at inddrage problembaggrunden, teorien og metoden i mindre grad. 1