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2 lziffsf] ax; u/f}f. z}lifs ultljlwnfo{ a9fjf lbcf}f. z}lifs JolQmTjsf s'/f ;'gf}f. lzifs, ljbfyl{ / cleefjssf clejolqm k9f}f. o;leq Please log on to for educational news and $)!) #( xfdlnfo{ tkfof{sf] ;xofql agg] cj;/ lbg'xf];\. ;dfrf/, hfgsf/l, n]v tyf z}lifs ;fdu Lx ;Dk ]if0f ug{ lgdg 7]ufgfdf ;Dks{ ug'{xf];\. $ cfj/0f tl:j/ M ;[hgf v8\sf s'/fsfgl #) xfdl cy{k"0f{ afn=== g'jful ldl8of k f= ln= kmf]gm ^^!@^$) nuwagimonthly@gmail.com $ cfj/0fm ul/al, Go"g===!!!) cgt/jftf{m g]kfnnfo{ /rgfue{m Pp6f 36gf=== #( ## :jf:yo M b[li6bf]ifsf]=== $) d]/f] km];gm d t :s'nsf]=== cgt/jftf{ M dnfo{ === ljrf/d~rm afn lbj;=== ljrf/d~rm sn]h s:tf] xf];\ :ynut M l;kmnsf]=== /fd f] ceof;m cfdf3/sf===

3 cltly ;DkfbsLo afnaflnsfsf] nflu lziff cfhsf] cfjzostf afnaflnsf ;w} afnaflnsf /xb}fgg\. pglx x's]{/ jo:s x'g5g\. pglx g} kl/jf/ / ;dfhsf] g]t[tjstf{ ag5g\. ;fy} d'n'ssf] eljiosf] gllt lgdf{tf klg x'g5g\. elgg5, æafnaflnsf ef]lnsf b]zsf s0f{wf/ / jt{dfgsf x'g\ ;fem]bf/æ. o;sf nflu pglx ;Ifd agg'k5{. pglx sf] rf}tkml{ ljsf;sf nflu pko'qm jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf x'g'k5{. afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf; lagf /fi6«sf] s'g} klg ljsf; ;Dej 5}g. To;}n] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s kl/ l:yltnfo{ Vofn ul/ pglx sf] clwsf/ ;'lglzrt ul/g'k5{. h;sf nflu goff 9u+n] ;f]rg'k5{. k'/ftgafbl ;f]rn] cfhsf] cfw'lgs o'udf afnclwsf/sf] k j4{g ca ;Dej /x]g. s] cfh xfd f] b]zdf o:tf] jftfj/0f 5 < clwsf+z afnaflnsfx ctolws lgif]wdf /xg5g\. ha s'g} arrfn] 3/, ljbfno / ;dfhdf hxff sxlf klg s'g} untl ub{5, p;nfo{ xksfog5 / lkl6g5. t/ p;nfo{ s] plrt / s] cg'lrt l;sfofb}g. w]/} sd efuodfgl afnaflnsfx 5g\ h;n] cfˆgf] rf}tkml{ ljsf;sf nflu pko'qm jftfj/0f kfpf5g\. x]/rfx gepsf] / :g]x gkfpsf w]/} 6'x'/f afnaflnsfx klg xfd } cffvf cufl8 slt 5g\ slt. dftf lktf epsf s]6fs]6lx n] klg clziff / ul/alsf] sf/0f cleefjssf] sfddf ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ afwotf /x]sf] 5. pd]/n] ;fgf] eptf klg sfd / lhdd]jf/ln] jo:s agg kg]{ afwotf xfd f] b]zsf w]/} afnaflnsfnfo{ 5. cfh klg w]/} afnaflnsfn] lziffsf] Hof]lt b]vg kfpsf 5}gg\. pglx nfo{ k9fpg], x'sf{pg] gfddf oxff w]/} ;+:yfx t v'n]sf 5g\ t/ gfd d]/f] ufpf t]/f] eo/x]sf] cfhsf] cj:yfdf afnaflnsfnfo{ ljbfno;dd k'ug klg cfsfzsf] kmn cffvf t/l d/ egg] hlqs} epsf] 5. sf]xl ljbfno egf{ x'g5g\ t/ ljbfno hfg kfpfb}gg\. To;}n] ol ;a} cj:yfx nfo{ Wofgdf /fvl b]zsf ;a} afnaflnsfnfo{ cfwf/ e"t lziffsf] kx'fr;dd k'/\ofpg' ;/sf/sf] k d'v bflotj xf]. o;df ;/sf/;fu xft]dfnf] ug{ x/]s gful/s tof/ x'g k5{. gep afnaflnsfsf] lziff sfuh / efif0fdf dfq ;Lldt agg] b]lvg5. e"sdk clg ^ dlxg] t/fo{ cfgbf]ngsf sf/0f afnaflnsfx lziff kfpgaf6 al~rt x'fbf ;/sf/, /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx n] o; s'/fnfo{ ;fdfgo kdf lnpsf] b]v]/ afnaflnsfx nfo{ /fhglltk lt 3[0ff hfu]sf] cj:yf klg gepsf] xf]og. o;/l afnaflnsfx nfo{ pk]iff ul/g' x'fb}g. pglx nfo{ plrt lziff, kfng kf]if0fsf] cfjzostf 5. olt elg/xfbf s] cfh g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf sfd epsf] 5}g < egg] k Zg p7\g ;S5. afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf sfd gepsf] xf]og sfd epsf] 5. ;/sf/l, u}/ ;/sf/l ;+3 ;+:yfx ldn]/ sfd ub}{ cfo/x]sf 5g\. t/ la8dagf sfof{gjog kif clt g} lkmtnf] 5. h;sf sf/0f cfh klg afnaflnsfx :t/lo lziff, :jf:yo, kfngkf]if0f h:tf cfwf/e"t s'/faf6 jl~rt 5g\. afnaflnsfx nfo{ pglx sf] zfl/l/s, dfgl;s ljsf;sf] nflu lziffsf] clwsf/, ef]hgsf] clwsf/ / v]nsf] clwsf/ h:tf s'/fx lbog'kb{5 o;n] ubf{ pglx sf] zfl/l/s dfgl;s ljsf;sf] nflu pko'qm jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf x'g] ub{5. ctm afnaflnsfsf] cfwf/e"t clwsf/ g} afnclwsf/ xf]. afnclwsf/ jo:ssf] bflotj klg xf]. xfdl ;a}sf] ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo klg. b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ lhdd]jf/l pglx sf] sffwdf x'g]5, o;sf nflu pglx sf] sffw alnof] kfg{ h?/l 5. csf]{ :d/0f ug'{kg]{ s'/f, k To]s dxfg JolQm s'g}a]nf arrf lyp. cfhsf afnaflnsfx ef]lnsf /fhlglt1, k zf;s, lzifs, 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/ x'g\. o;}n] afnaflnsfx sf nflu lziff g} cfhsf] d"n cfjzostf xf]. efjgf kf}8]n ;Kt/L, s~rgk'/ g=kf= /fli6«o afnsnj ;+hfn ;lrjfno ;b:o ha s'g} arrfn] 3/, ljbfno / ;dfhdf hxff sxlf klg s'g} untl ub{5, p;nfo{ xksfog5 / lkl6g5. t/ p;nfo{ s] plrt / s] cg'lrt l;sfofb}g. w]/} sd efuodfgl afnaflnsfx 5g\ h;n] cfˆgf] rf}tkml{ ljsf;sf nflu pko'qm jftfj/0f kfpf5g\. x]/rfx gepsf] / :g]x gkfpsf w]/} 6'x'/f afnaflnsfx klg xfd } cffvf cufl8 slt 5g\ slt. dftf lktf epsf s]6fs]6lx n] klg clziff / ul/alsf] sf/0f cleefjssf] sfddf ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ afwotf /x]sf] 5. pd]/n] ;fgf] eptf klg sfd / lhdd]jf/ln] jo:s agg kg]{ afwotf xfd f] b]zsf w]/} afnaflnsfnfo{ 5. lh=k =sf= eqmk'/, btf{ g+=!!% )^* )^( z}lifs dfl;s g'jful dfl;s jif{ %, c+s %, k"0ff{+s $% g]kfn ;Djt\!!#^ ;Dkfbs k sfzsm d}off Tjfgfaf;' dltgfú ;+jfbbftfm ;[hgf v8\sf /rgf >]i7 efiff ;DkfbgM k B'Dg vgfn tl:a/m ljgf]b dxh{g, So"aL dxh{g sfg'gl ;Nnfxsf/M ;Togf/fo0f kssf ahf/ k d'vm l;tf/fd Tjfgfaf;' n]vfm /]g' vftfvf] lrtjgm z+s/ k ;fb ;'j]bl -df]= (*$%!!@*#^_ ;HhfM 6r lqmp;g k f=ln= afuahf/ kmf]gm )! $@!%$$* d'b 0fM ;'hn ckm;]6 k ]; sf7df8fff}+ sfof{nom g'jful ldl8of k f=ln=, ;Nnf3f/L, eqmk'/!& kmf]g g+= )! ^^!@^$) nuwagimonthly@gmail.com 2 3

4 cfj/0f cfj/0f ul/al, Go"g z}lifs kx' r / afnclwsf/ ce}m klg lzifs, lk lg;kn, ljjo;sf kbflwsf/ln] u/]sf] ck]iffcg';f/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g. oxl sf/0f ljbfno k'glg{df{0fsf] sfd jl/ansf] lvr8lh:t} eo/x]sf] 5. ;[hgf v8\sf tl:a/ M ;[hgf cyf{t\ afnlbj;, afnaflnsfsf] efb lbg. of] lbg afnaflnsfsf] xs clwsf/;dagwl gf/fx rf/}lt/ u'lghg5g\. ;+j4{g afnaflnsfsf]m sfof{gjog ;+ljwfgsf]ú gf/f;lxt o; jif{ klg afnlbj; dgfpg] tof/l eo/x]sf] 5. ;+ljwfg /fd f]; u sfof{gjog eof] eg] dfq afnclwsf/sf] ;+j4{g x'g5 egg] ;Gb]z o; jif{sf] gf/fn] af]s]sf] s]gb Lo afnsnof0f ;ldltsf sfo{qmd ;Nnfxsf/ 1fg]Gb >]i7n] atfp.!* jif{d'lgsf] pd]/ ;d"xnfo{ afnaflnsf elgg5. t/, g]kfnsf] hgu0fgf / s]xl sfg'gn]!^ jif{d'lgsfnfo{ afnaflnsf egg] u/]sf] kfog5 hf] cfˆgf] lxt / clxtaf/] ;f]rg kl/ksj epsf x' b}gg\. pglx nfo{ kfngkf]if0f / :ofxf/;def/sf] lgldt s;}sf] cfjzostf k5{. To;}n] hgdg'cl3 / hgd]kl5 plrt :ofxf/;';f/, kfngkf]if0f, pko'qm lziffbliff lbo{ pglx sf] xs clwsf/ ;'lglzrt ug'{ l;+uf] ;dfh / b]zsf] bflotj xf]. gf/fdf clwsf/, sfof{gjogdf cgwsf/ ; ;fgf afnaflnsfsf] nflu 7"nf 7"nf gf/f;lxt x/]s jif{ afnlbj; dgfog5. ut jif{ klg k'glg{df{0f / ;+ljwfgm afnclwsf/ ;+/If0f xfd f] cleofgú gf/f ;lxt b]z}el/ ljlegg vfnsf sfo{qmd u/l afnlbj; dgfoof]. t/, glhsaf6 afnaflnsfsf] l:yltaf/] cwoog ug]{ xf] eg] x/]s jif{ pglx nfo{ nlift u/l cfpsf gf/f sfuh / af]nldf a9l / Jojxf/df sd dfq nfu" epsf] afnclwsf/sdl{ atfp 5g\. ;+o'qm /fi6«;+3lo clwsf/;dagwl dxf;lgw!(*( nfo{ ;]K6]Da/!$,!(() df cg'df]bg u/]/ g]kfnn] afnaflnsfsf] ljsf;, afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / afn ;xeflutfh:tf ljifodf cfˆgf] cgt/f{li6«o k lta4tf k s6 u/]sf] 5. afnclwsf/;dagwl dxf;lgwsf] n] afnaflnsfnfo{ sdtldf cfwf/e"t tx;ddsf] lziff lgmz'ns / clgjfo{ x'g'kg]{ k fjwfg /fvl /fhonfo{ pq/bfol agfpg vf]h]sf] 5. g]kfnn] ;a}sf nflu lziffúsf] ljzj cleofg cfufng] qmddf ljbfno If]q ;'wf/ sfo{qmd;d]t sfof{gjog u/]sf] 5. t/, o:tf sfo{of]hgfsf] k efjsfl/tf egg / ;'Ggd} ;Lldt epsf] b]lvg5. lsgls, afnaflnsfsf] xs lxt, ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf nflu ljutdf ljlegg k of; ep klg pglx sf] l:yltdf cfzfcg' k ;'wf/ x'g g;s]sf] tltf] oyfy{ ljbdfg /x]sf]df lrgtf JoQm u5{g\ clwsf/sdl{. tyof+sdf ^ b]lv!) jif{sf afnaflnsfsf] k fylds ljbfno egf{b/ a9]sf] b]lvp klg cfly{s kn] lk5l8psf afnaflnsf cem} klg lziff kfpg] g};lu{s clwsf/af6 jl~rt x'g'n] b]zsf] eljio cgof]ndf /x]sf] ;fnsf] hgu0fgfcg';f/!* jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsf s'n hg;+vofsf] $$=$ k ltzt 5g\. x'gnfo{ t clgjfo{ lziffsf nflu ljbfyl{{{ egf{, ljbfnodf :jfut tyf ljbfyl{ l6sfp / l;sfo pknlawdf ;'wf/ sfo{j ;fnb]lv ;~rfng x' b} cfpsf 5g\. h;df xfdl ;a}sf] OR5f, ;j{;'ne ljbfno lziffú gf/f;lxt o; jif{ klg ;'wf/ sfo{qmd ;DkGg epsf] 5. xfn} Pp6f kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf k :t't sfo{kqdf lbopsf] ;fndf k fylds txdf Ps nfv ^# xhf/ ;fthgf ljbfyl{ ljbfnoaflx/ /x]sf] kfopsf] 5. h;df $( xhf/ tlg ;o %! hgf 5fq 5g\ eg] affsl 5fqf. To:t}, cfwf/e"t txcgtu{t ;f 9] % nfv afnaflnsf ljbfnoaflx/ /x]sf] tyof+s ;fj{hlgs epsf] 5. ;a}egbf a9l afnaflnsf ljbfnoaflx/ epsf!% lhnnfdf /f}tx6, ;nf{xl, wg'iff, 4 5

5 { dxf]q/l, af/f, l;/xf, k;f{, ;Kt/L, slknj:t',?kgb]xl, ;'g;/l, df]/ª, af s], s}nfnl / sf7df8f}+ /x]sf] sfo{kqdf pnn]v 5. ;a}egbf w]/} ljbfnoaflx/ /x]sf d'vo kffr lhnnfsf afnaflnsfsf] lhnnfut ljj/0f oxf k :t't 5. qm= ;+= 6 lhnnfsf] gfd k fylds tx cfwf/e"t tx 5fqf 5fq hddf 5fqf 5fq hddf s}lkmot!. /f}tx6!^%( #$%# k ;nf{xl!)$^!)^! bf]; f] #= t]; f] $= rf}yf] kffrff} kl5nnf] r/0fdf s]gb Lo tyof+s ljefuåf/f /fli6«o:t/df ul/psf] >dzlqm df k fkt tyonfo{ yk ljzn]if0f u/l g]kfn afn>d k ltj]bg df k sflzt epsf] 5. ;f] k ltj]bgcg';f/ g]kfndf kffrb]lv!& jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf && nfv &) xhf/ afnaflnsfdwo] $)=$ k ltzt cyf{t\ #! nfv $) xhf/ afnaflnsf /f]huf/ldf ;+nug b]lvg5g\. of] hg;+vofsf] w]/} k ltzt afnaflnsf hf]lvdk"0f{ >ddf ;d]t ;+nug /x]sf] cg'dfg 5. o;/l afnaflnsf prr kdf >ddf nfubf pglx k9\g] l;sg] clwsf/af6 jl~rt epsf 5g\. sf wdf emf]nf af]s]/ :s'n hfg'kg]{ w]/} afnaflnsf OF6fsf] rfª af]ls/x]sf e]l6g5g\. :s'n 8«];df km'?ss kb}{ /dfpg'kg]{ w]/} afnaflnsf w'nfdd] ep/ ;8sdf eff}tfl//x]sf b]lvg5g\. snd ;dfp/ u[xsfo{ ug'{kg]{ w]/} slnnf xft xf]6]ndf ef 8f dflem/x]sf x'g5g\. To:t}, k To]s snsf/vfgfdf ;fgf ;fgf lk7\o"fx 7"nf 7"nf ef/l af]ls/x]sf b]lvg5g\. s] afnclwsf/ pglx sf nflu xf]og < xf] eg] v} sxf 5 t pglx sf] afnclwsf/ < s;n] ul/lbg5 pglx sf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglzrttf < afnclwsf/leq lziffsf] s'/f dxœjsf ;fy p7\g] u/] klg w]/} afnaflnsf lziffsf] kx' raf6 cem} klg 6f9} 5g\. o;} ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/ lziff dgqfnosf ;+o'qm ;lrj xl/k ;fb nd;fn afnclwsf/ / lziff Ps csf{; u cgt/;dalgwt epsf] atfp 5g\. pgl eg5g\, afnaflnsfsf nflu clgjfo{ lziffsf] cjwf/0ff cfpsf] 5. ljbfno hfg' eg]sf] egf{ x'g' dfq} xf]og, Toxf up/ /dfp/ k9\g' klg xf].ú ljbfnodf afnaflnsfsf] kx' r gk'ug'sf] d'vo sf/0f ul/al /x]sf] pgsf] 7DofO 5. o; jif{ afnlbj;df :s'n :s'ndf cltl/qm lqmofsnfk u/fpg] of]hgf agfpsf] pgn] hfgsf/l lbp. afnaflnsfsf] kx' r lziffdf k' ofpgsf nflu :yfglo lgsfo alnof] gep;dd lziff dgqfno / s]gb sf] kxn ;kmn gx'g] nd;fnn] atfp. To:t} dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh snof0f dgqfnosf k zf;g dxfzfvf k d'v gf/fo0fk ;fb sfˆn] lgmz'ns / clgjfo{ lziffsf cjwf/0ff lj:tf/ eo/x]sf] atfp 5g\. pgn] gllt / sfg'gdf afn>d ug{ gx'g] elgp klg ;/sf/n] gful/snfo{ ctofjzos ;'ljwf;d]t pknaw u/fpg g;sbf of] ;d:of l;h{gf epsf] hfgsf/l lbp. afnaflnsfsf] xs clwsf/ ;'lglzrttfsf nflu ;/sf/n] ljlegg k of;sf] yfngl u/]sf] egb} k rf/ k ;f/nfo{ d'vo k fyldstfdf /fv]sf] pgsf] egfo 5. afn>dsf] Go"gLs/0f x'g]lalqs} afnaflnsfsf] kx' r lziffdf :jfefljs kdf a9\b} hfg]df pgl ljzj:t b]lvp. otf, ;dfhzf:ql s[i0f e rg eg] afnaflnsfnfo{ pglx s} dft[efiffdf lziff lbg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg5g\. dft[efiffdf k9\g kfpg' afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ epsf] atfp b} pgn] w]/} afnaflnsfn] cfj/0f yfx} gkfo{ vf]l; b} clwsf/ sf]6]zj/, afg]zj/, ;lxbu]6, ;'Gwf/f, /Tgkfs{, /Tgkfs{ ÛÛ sxff hfg] xf] < otf r9\g';\, otf l;6 vfnl 5.Ú sfe ] sf];lkfl/sf!$ jif]{ ljgf]b tfdfªsf] b}lgsl o;/l g} ofq'nfo{ cfˆgf] uf8ldf r9fpfb} / cf]/fnb} lat5. ofq'; u p7fpsf] ef8f ;fx'nfo{ a'emfpkl5 ;fx'n] bof u/]/ lbpsf] s]xl?k}of n] pgl laxfg a]n'sfsf] 5fs 6f5{g\. tfdfªn] ufp s} Pp6f k fylds ljbfnodf siff $ ;Dd dfq k9]sf 5g\. 3/glhs} % siff;dd dfq} k9fo x'gyof], ^ siff k9\g # 3G6f lx 8]/ hfg'kg]{. To;}n] :s'n hfg} cn5l nfu]/ oxf sfd ug{ cfpsf],ú pgn] eg]. klxnf Pp6f xf]6]ndf lrof ksfp y]f, ef 8f dfem\y]. b;} df 3/ upsf] a]nf cs}{ dfg5] /fv]5, clg uf8ldf sfd ug{ yfn ],Ú pgn] yk]. ljut Ps jif{b]lv uf8ldf sfd ub}{ cfpsf pgl eqmk'/sf] k'/fgf] l7dldf sfsfsf] 5f]/f; u a:b} cfpsf 5g\. k fom dflg;n] ;fgf] eg]/ x]kg] u/]sf] atfpg] ljgf]bnfo{ sxl st}af6 s;}n] cj;/ lbpdf k9fo cl3 a9fpg] rfxgf /x]5. clxn] 3/sf] gfh's cfly{s cj:yfs} sf/0f k9\g rfx]/ klg k9\g gkfpg] cj:yf l;h{gf epsf] pgnfo{ lbgel/ sfd u/]/ sdfpsf] Ps b'o{ ;on] k]6el/ vfg klg wf}wf} g} 5. t/, k9\g kfp eg] 7"n} dfg5] agg] wf]sf] pgsf] 5. cgfdgu/sf] Pp6f ;fgf] xf]6]ndf b'o{ jif{b]lv sfd ub}{ cfpsf ltns v/]nsf] Joyf klg ljgf]bs} h:tf] 5. u'ndlaf6 siff # df k9\bfk9\b} ;x/ l5/]sf pgl clxn]!@ jif{sf ep. pgl 3/df vfg nfpg} ;s; epkl5 sf7df8f}+ k;]sf /x]5g\. oxf pgn] /fd f] vfg nfpg t s] kfpfy], x/]s lbg sfd lauf/]sf] lgx' df xf]6njfnfsf] xksl eg] ;w} kfp bf /x]5g\. pgl ef 8f dfem\g], c8{/ cfpsf] 7fp df vfg]s'/f k' ofpg] sfd u5{g\. pgsf] bf}8w"k olq 5 ls laxfg epkl5 Ps}rf]l6 /flt k5{ pgnfo{. ul/alsf sf/0f pgsf] :s'n hfg] /x/ /x/d} ;Lldt 5. cfˆgf u fxsnfo{ ;w}f xfl;nf] d'b fdf ;]jf lbg] pgsf] leql Joyf eg] sf?l0fs 5. dlng cg'xf/ agfp b} pgn] cfkm\gf] s'l07t OR5f o;/l ;'gfp, ;fx'sf 5f]/f5f]/L :s'n hf bf dnfo{ lg hfpm hfp m nfu5. :s'n hfg] n'uf nfpm nfpm nfu5.ú otf, nlntk'/sf] 8's'5fkl:yt bg'jf/ufp sl ( jif]{ sljtf bg'jf/n] dl g]kfnl efiff gfcfj], dl :s'n ghfdnfú cyf{t\ dnfo{ g]kfnl efiff cfp b}g To;}n] :s'n hfg dg nfub}gú ;o 3/w'/L epsf]] pqm bg'jf/ a:tlsf dflg; af]nlrfnldf g]kfnlegbf bg'jf/ efiff g} k of]u ubf{ /x]5g\. a:tlsf clwsf+z afnaflnsf klg bg'jf/ efiff g} af]ng] e]l6p. :yfglojf;l ;fglsfg5l bg'jf/n] a:tlsf s]6fs]6l a:tld} ef 8fs'6L v]n]/ lbg latfpg] u/]sf]df lrgtf JoQm ul/g\. ;f] a:tlglhs} df :yflkt >L r08lb]jl k fylds ljbfno 5. ;f] ljbfnosf k wfgfwofks ;Ltf/fd v8\sfn] :s'nsf clwsf+z afnaflnsf bg'jf/ a:tlsf bg'jf/efifl epsfn] efiffsf] ;d:ofsf sf/0f k efjsf/l lzif0f l;sfo x'g g;s]sf] atfp. ;fthgf lzifs sd{rf/lsf] ;d"xn] ;~rfng ub}{ cfpsf] ;f] ljbfno ljlegg bftfsf] ;xof]uaf6 rln/x]sf] atfoof]. ;/sf/l If]qn] a]jf:tf u/] klg b'o{ hgf ljbfyl{ cwoog/t of] ljbfnonfo{ u}/;/sf/l ;+:yfaf6 ;xof]u / ;b\efj ldn]sf] atfp. avf{df kvf{n n8]/ ljbfnosf] ejg eltspkl5 ;/sf/l ta/af6 s'g} klg lsl;dsf] 9f8; gkfpsf]df pgn] u'gf;f] u/]. k foh;f] ljbfnosf] sdhf]/ ef}lts cj:yfsf sf/0f klg w]/} afnaflnsf z}lifs kx' raf6 6f9f x'g'k/]sf] pgn] v'nf;f u/]. o; jif{sf] afnlbj;sf nflu lziff dgqfnon] kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]gb sf] ;+of]hgdf afnaflnsfsf nflu ;xeflutfd"ns sfo{qmd ug]{ epsf] 5. ; f]t s]gb cgtu{t cgt/lqmof, lxhh], lrqsnf, xflh/lhjfkm, jst[tjsnf cflb k ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf ul/g]5. /fli6«o:t/sf] sfo{qmd eg] s]gb Lo afnsnof0f ;ldlt / dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh snof0f dgqfnon] ug]{ u5{. ;du df afn0lbj;df afnclwsf/ ;'lglzrttfsf] s'/f cfp 5. xfd f] p2]zo eg]sf] ;a}hgf :s'n cfpmg\, /dfp/ k9\g kfpmg\ egg] xf]. sf]xl klg lziffsf] clwsf/af6 jl~rt x'g' gk/f];\ egg] xfd f] Wo]o xf]. clxn]sf] lziff P]gaf6 ;a} afnaflnsfsf nflu clgjfo{ lziffsf] cjwf/0ff cfpsf] 5. Psjif]{ afnljsf;sf] sfo{qmdnfo{ klg xfdln] ljbfno lziffsf] ;+/rgfdf /fvg] of]hgf agfpsf 5f}. o;af6 klg afnclwsf/sf] If]qdf 7"nf] ;xof]u k'unf egg] cfzff u/]sf 5f}. afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/sf] s'/f ubf{ lziff klxnf] k+lqmdf cfp 5. ha;dd clgjfo{ lziffsf] cjwf/0ff sfof{gjog x' b}g ta;dd lziffdf afnaflnsfsf] kx' r ;f]r]adf]lhd x'g ;Sb}g. ljbfno hfg' eg]sf] ljbfnodf egf{ x'g' dfq} xf]og, ljbfnodf up/ /dfp/ k9\g' klg xf]. o;sf] nflu ljbfnodf afnd}ql jftfj/0f lgdf{0f x'g'k5{. ljbfnosf] ef}lts ;+/rgf / afnaflnsfsf] ;'/Iff klg o;df hf]l8psf] x'g5. To;}n] afnaflnsfnfo{ :s'n;dd k' ofpg k fs[lts hf]lvdn] lgdtofpg] ;d:ofsf] Go"gLs/0fdf rgfvf] x'g'k5{. To:t}, lzifssf] Jojxf/n] klg afnaflnsf ljbfno hfg dfgg] jf gdfgg] egg]df e/ k5{. To;}n] lzifsn] /fd f] jftfj/0f / Jojxf/df k9fpg'k5{. gf/fo0fk ;fb sfˆn] k zf;g dxfzfvf k d'v dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh snof0f dgqfno, l;+xb/af/ cfj/0f ul/alsf sf/0f w]/} afnaflnsf lziffaf6 jl~rt xfd f] cfufdl of]hgf eg]sf] clgjfo{ lziffdf hf]8 lbg' xf]. siff * ;Dd ;a}nfo{ :s'n k' ofpg] of]hgf xfdln] agfpsf 5f}. xfd f] bf]; f] tyf d'vo of]hgf eg]sf] lziffsf] u'0f:t/ ;'wfg' { xf]. xfdln] ca ufp lziff ;ldltnfo{ ;zqmls/0f u5f} +. o;n] cfˆgf] ufp, gu/ / If]qleq ljbfno hfg] / ghfg] afnaflnsfsf] n]vfhf]vf u5{. :yfglo txaf6 :s'n ghfg] afnaflnsfsf] klxrfg u/l p;nfo{ ;xfotf ug' { clxn]sf] cfjzostf xf]. xl/k ;fb nd;fn ;+o'qm ;lrj g]kfn ;/sf/ lziff dgqfno g]kfnsf w]/} afnaflnsf lziffaf6 jl~rt x'g'sf ljlegg sf/0f 5g\. sf]xl zf/ll/s cifdtfn], sf]xl ;fdflhs t sf]xl cfly{s sf/0fn]. t/, ljbfnodf afnaflnsfsf] kx' r k'ug g;sg'sf] d'vo sf/0f eg]sf] ul/al g} xf]. clgjfo{ lziffsf] cjwf/0ff nfu" ug{ ul/al lgjf/0f x'g'k5{. cfly{s kn] Psbd} sdhf]/ kl/jf/n] afnaflnsfnfo{ rfx]/ klg ljbfnodf k7fpg ;Sb}g. ul/a afnaflnsfsf] kl/jf/nfo{ ;'/Iffsf] k Tofe"lt rflxg5. uf ;, af;, skf; / ;'/Ifflagf sf]xl klg dflg; lziffsf] kx' rdf k'u]/ klg lziff u x0f ug{ ;Sb}g. klxnf] cfjzostf k"/f geo{ JolQm bf]; f] cfjzostfdf psnfb} psnfb}g. lziff dflg;sf] bf]; f] cfjzostfdf k5{. lziff dgqfnon] ul/al lgjf/0fsf sfo{qmd ub}{g. xfdln] lgmz'ns lstfa, 5fqj[lQ / ljlegg hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd lbp/ pglx nfo{ nf]eofpg] dfq} xf]. ha;dd ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 ul/al lgjf/0fsf] sfo{qmd k efjsf/l kdf nfu" x'g ;Sb}g ta;dd o:tf vfnsf ;d:of b]vfkl//xg5g\. ufp ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfn] s'g 3/sf] s'g afnaflnsf cfpsf] 5}g eg]/ x]ssf /fvg'k5{. sf7df8f}+df a;]/ of] ;a} /]s8{ xfdln] /fvg ;Sb}gf}. ha;dd :yfglo ;/sf/ alnof] x' b}g, lziff dgqfno / s]gb af6 u/]/ s]xl klg x 'b}g. sf7df8f+} ;a}egbf a9l ljbfnoaflx/ afnaflnsf /x]sf] lhnnfdf rf}yf] :yfgdf k/]sf] 5. oxf ljbfnosf] kx' rdf gepsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof a9l x'g'sf] 5' } sf/0f 5. () k ltzt oxf a;]/ sfd ug]{ afn>lds cgo lhnnfaf6 cfpsf 5g\. Pp6f afns pktosfsf] s'g} OF6fe fdf sfd ul//x]sf] x'g5. t/, ToxL afns l;gw'kfnrf]ssf] s'g} :s'ndf egf{ klg epsf] x'g5. Psftkm{ pm >lds x'g5 eg] csf]{tkm{ p;sf] lziffdf ;xeflutf klg b]lvg5. o;af/] xfdln] egbf l;gw'kfnrf]ssf] ;DalGwt lgsfon] g} cwoog ug{ ;S5. afnaflnsfnfo{ lziffsf] kx 'rdf Nofpg g;sg'sf] k d'v sf/0f eg]sf] :yfglo txdf hjfkmb]lxtf gep/ xf]. :yfglo :t/df xfdln] ufp lziff ;ldlt u7g ug]{ of]hgf agfpsf 5f }. xfd f] cfufdl of]hgf eg]sf] clgjfo{ lziffdf hf]8 lbg' xf]. siff * ;Dd ;a}nfo{ :s'n k' ofpg] of]hgf xfdln] agfpsf 5f}. xfd f] bf]; f] tyf d'vo of]hgf eg]sf] lziffsf] u'0f:t/ ;'wfg' { xf]. xfdl ca ufp lziff ;ldltnfo{ ;zlqms/0f u5f}{+. o;n] cfˆgf] ufp, gu/ / If]qleq ljbfno hfg] / ghfg] afnaflnsfsf] n]vfhf]vf u5{. :yfglo txaf6 :s'n ghfg] afnaflnsfsf] klxrfg u/l p;nfo{ ;xfotf ug' { clxn]sf] cfjzostf xf]. clwsf/ P]gdf 5, Jojxf/df 5}g afnlbj;sf] ;Gbe{df xfdln] ldl8ofaf6 afnaflnsf; u ;DalGwt ljlegg sfo{qmd ug]{ u/]sf 5f}. To:t}, ofnl, cgt/lqmof, afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf of]ubfg k' ofpg]x nfo{ k'/:s[t, afnclwsf/;dagwl hgr]tgf tyf k rf/ k ;f/ klg ug]{ u/]sf 5f}. afnaflnsfsf] xs clwsf/sf] ;'lglzrttfsf nflu xfdln] ljlegg k of;sf] yfngl u/]sf 5f}. o;sf nflu xfdln] ug]{ eg]sf] k rf/ k ;f/ g} xf]. xfdl; u lj/f6gu/, ;Kt/L, k;f{ / a'6jn u/l rf/j6f afnsnof0f u[x 5g\. pqm u[xx n] 3/kl/jf/ljxLg afnaflnsfnfo{ /fv]/ kfngkf]if0f u5{. To:t}, lziffdf klg afnaflnsfsf] kx' r k' ofpg ;/sf/ nflu/x]sf] 5. lgmz'ns / clgjfo{ lziffsf cjwf/0ff lj:tf/ eox]sf 5g\. gllt / sfg'gdf afn>d ug'{x' b}g eg]/ Joj:yf ul/psf] 5, t/ ;/sf/n] hgtfnfo{ ul/al lgjf/0fsf pkfo pknaw u/fpg g;sgfn] o:tf] ;d:of l;h{gf epsf] xf]. g]kfnsf] xsdf afn>d / afnljjfx hnbfanbf ;d:of x'g\. afnljjfxnfo{ /f]sg' clxn] klg plq g} r'gf}tlk"0f{ 5. ljz]ifu/l t/fo{sf lhnnfdf afnljjfxsf] 7"nf] ;d:of 5. ul/al, r]tgfsf] cefj / clziffsf sf/0fn] of] ;d:of lgdtofpsf] jif{ k'u]kl5 dfq} ljjfx ug{ kfpg] egl d'n'sl P]gdf /flvpsf] 5. t/, klg Jojxf/df ol s'/f nfu" x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\. afnaflnsf o:tf ;d:ofdf km;]kl5 lziffsf] kx' rdf s;/l k'ug ;Snfg\ < 7

6 cfj/0f cfj/0f efiffs} sf/0fn] lziffaf6 k"0f{ kdf jl~rt x'g'k/]sf] atfp. afnaflnsfnfo{ :s'n;dd k' ofpg kl/jf/, ;d'bfo, :s'n k zf;gb]lv gllt lgwf{/ s;ddn] dxœjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]ng'kg]{ b]lvg5. kf7\oqmd klg afnaflnsf s]lgb t x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff pgn] JoQm u/]. afnaflnsfsf] z}lifs kx' rsf nflu /fhon] jf:tf u/]g eg]/ dfq gx'g] egb} pgn] ;d'bfo cfkmf} To;df cu ;/ x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbp. s]gb Lo afnsnof0f ;ldlt xl/x/ejgsf /fli6«o sfo{qmd ;Nnfxsf/ 1fg]Gb >]i7 afnclwsf/sf s'/f gf/fdf Jofks cfpg' ;sf/ftds ep klg ltgsf] sfof{gjogsf] k Tofe"lt gkfpg' / gx'g' b]zs} b'ef{uo epsf] atfp 5g\. ljbfno vfhf sfo{qmd, lgmz'ns egf{ / 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf afnaflnsfnfo{ lziffsf] kx' rdf Nofpg ;/sf/n] u/]sf] k of; epsf] atfp 5g\ pgl. kl5nnf] ;do Uf'0f:t/ / ;+Vof b'a}sf lx;fan] afnaflnsfsf] z}lifs cj:yf /fd f] agb} upsf] atfp b} dflynnf] siffdf up/ ljbfyl{ 36\g] qmd eg] hf/l g} /x]sf] pgsf] egfo afnclwsf/;dagwl dxf;lgwsf] g]kfn kifw/ /fi6«xf]. g]kfnn] df afnclwsf/;dagwl dxf;lgwsf] kifdf ;xdlt hgfp/ pqm dxf;lgwnfo{ cg'df]bg u/]sf] xf]. afnclwsf/;dagwl dxf;lgwsf] k :tfjgfdf pnn]v ul/psf] 5. dfgj clwsf/sf] ljzjjofkl 3f]if0ffkqdf afnofj:yfdf ljz]if :ofxf/ tyf ;xof]u kfpg'kg]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] :d/0f ub}{ afnaflnsfsf] ljsf; tyf snof0fsf nflu, afnaflnsfnfo{ ljz]if :ofxf/ k' ofpg'kg]{ cfjzostf afnclwsf/sf] ;g\!(@$ sf] h]g]ef 3f]if0ffkq tyf ;+o'qm gf]e]da/!(%( df u x0f u/]sf] 5. pgl )!% sf] tyof+scg';f/ k fylds lziffdf (^=@ k ltzt, lgdg dfwoldsdf &$=^ k ltzt / dfwolds txdf %^=!! ljbfyl{sf] lziffdf kx' r epsf] b]lvg5.ú dft[efiffsf sf/0f ljbfnodf kx' r gepsf] egg] s'/fdf eg] pgsf] km/s dt 5. pgl eg5g\, :s'n eg]sf] ghfg]sf] s'/f l;sg] 7fp xf]. cfˆgf] efiff; u} afnaflnsfn] la:tf/} g]kfnl efiff klg l;sg ;S5g\.Ú afnaflnsfnfo{ lziffsf] kx 'rdf Nofpg ;/sf/n] NofPsf sfo{qmd ;sf/ftds b]lvp klg ltgsf] k efjsf/l sfof{gjogdf lgs} r'gf}tl /x]sf] ;/f]sf/jfnf atfp 5g\. To;}n] ;a} tx / tksfsf dflg;n] x/]s afnsnfo{ lziffsf] Hof]lt kfpg] pglx sf] g};lu{s clwsf/ pkof]u ug{ ;xof]u ug{'kg]{ cfjzostf 5. lsgls, afnaflnsf lzlift ep dfq cfh, ef]ln / kl5sf] xfd f] ;dfh, xfd f] b]z ;d[l4sf] af6f]df cl3 a9\g] ljzjf; ug{ ;lsg5. o; ljifodf ;a}sf] Wofg hfg' Psbd} h?/l 5. dft[efiffdf k9\g gkfpg' klg afnclwsf/ xgg x'g' xf] s[i0f e rg ;dfhzf:ql afnclwsf/sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf pnn]v ul/psf] 5. afnaflnsfsf] snof0f;fu ;DalGwt ljlzi6ls[t lgsfo tyf cgt/f{li6«o ;+u7gsf ljwfg tyf ;Da4 lnvtdf :jlsf/ ul/psf s'/fnfo{ x[bo+ud ub}{, afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f tyf snof0f;fu ;DalGwt ;fdflhs tyf sfg'gl l;4fgt, vf;u/l /fli6«o tyf cgt/ f{li6«o kdf afnaflnsfsf] x]/rfx, :yfkgf tyf wd{k'q;dagwl 3f]if0ffkqsf afn Gofo k zf;gsf] nflu ;+o'qm /fi6«;+3lo :t/lo Go"gtd lgodsf tyf ;+s6sfn / ;z:q ågådf gf/l tyf afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f;DaGwL 3f]if0ffkqsf] Joj:yf 5. ljzjsf ;a} b]zdf afnaflnsf ckjfbhgs kdf sl7g cj:yfdf /x]sf / To:tf afnaflnsfnfo{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ cfjzostf epsf] s'/f :jlsf/ ub}{, afnaflnsfsf] /If0f tyf ;fd~h:ok"0f{ ljsf;sf nflu k To]s hgtfsf] k/dk/f tyf ;f+:s[lts d"nosf] afnaflnsfnfo{ cfwf/e"t / k fylds lziffdf dft[efiff k9fof] eg] pglx n] la:tf/} g]kfnl efiff klg l;s5g\. o;n] ljbfyl{df 8«kcfp6sf] ;d:of s]xl xb;dd ep klg lg/fs/0f u5{. ;fgf] siffdf cfˆg} efiffdf k9\g kfp eg] lgoldt ljbfno hfg] af6f] to x'g5. lziff kfpg' dfq} afnclwsf/ xf]og. dft[efiffdf lziff kfpg' klg afnclwsf/ xf]. g]kfndf v; g]kfnl efiffdf dfq k9fo x'g5. dft[efiffnfo{ P]lR5s ljifosf kdf /flvlbpsf] 5. afnaflnsfnfo{ cfwf/e"t / k fylds lziffdf dft[efiff k9fof] eg] pglx n] la:tf/} g]kfnl efiff klg l;s5g\. o;n] ljbfyl{df 8«kcfp6sf] ;d:of s]xl xb;dd ep klg lg/fs/0f u5{. ;fgf] siffdf cfˆg} efiffdf k9\g kfp eg] lgoldt ljbfno hfg] af6f] to x'g5. ljbfno hfg] afgl epkl5 eg] pglx n] dflynnf] siffdf cfˆgf] efiff; u} g]kfnl efiff klg l;sb} hfg5g\. pglx n] cfˆg} dft[efiffaf6 l;sg ;'? u/]gg\ eg] g]kfnl efiff klg /fd f]; u l;sg ;Sb}gg\. g]kfn ax'eflifs b]z epsf] sf/0fn] o:tf] s'/fdf ;/sf/sf] Wofg hfg' h?/l 5. afnaflnsfnfo{ :s'n;dd k' ofpg kl/jf/, ;d'bfo / :s'n k zf;gb]lv gllt lgwf{/s;ddsf] dxœjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g5. /fhon] jf:tf u/]g eg]/ dfq x' b}g, afnaflnsfnfo{ z}lifs kx' rdf k' ofpg ;d'bfo cfkmf} cu ;/ x'g'k5{. sltko cj:yfdf afnaflnsfsf]?lrcg' ksf] kf7\oqmd epg eg] klg pglx :s'ndf hfg dg k/fp b}gg\. To;}n] pglx sf] cfjzostfnfo{ a'em]/ kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f ug'{k5{. afnaflnsf jt{dfg cj:yfdf lzlift epgg\ eg] ef]ln xfdln] rfx]sf]h:tf]] hgzlqm kfpg ;Sb}gf}. h'g;'s} sfdsf nflu klg aflx/af6 dfg5] Nofpg'k5{. To;}n] cfhsf afnaflnsfnfo{ lzlift agfp/ ef]ln b]zsf] eljionfo{ phhjn agfpg'k5{. afnclwsf/sf s'/fm ;Gbe{ afnlbj; dxtjk lt plrt Wofg lbog'kg]{ atfog5. k To]s b]zdf vf;u/l ljsf;zln b]zx df afnaflnsfsf] hljg:t/ ;'wf/sf nflu cgt/f{li6«o ;xof]usf] cfjzostf :jlsf/ ub}{ tof/ ul/psf] afnclwsf/;dagwl dxf;lgwsf] o; k :tfjgfn] jf:tjd} afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/sf af/]df w]/} s'/f af]n]sf] 5. h;nfo{ cem k :6 kdf dxf;lgwsf] wf/f wf/fdf l;nl;nfa4 kdf k :6\ofOPsf] 5. x'g t o; dxf;lgwn]!* jif{egbf sd pd]/sfnfo{ afnaflnsf dfg]sf] ep klg o; ljifodf /fli6«o sfg'gx n] klg 5' } kl/efiff u/]sf kfog5g\. g]kfndf afnaflnsf;dagwl sf] sf] súdf afns eggfn]!^ jif{ pd]/ k"/f gu/]sf] afnaflnsf ;Demg'kg]{ s'/f pnn]v u/]sf] kfog5. pqm dxf;lgwsf kifw/ /fi6«n] cfkmgf] If]qflwsf/ leqsf k To]s afnaflnsfnfo{ lghsf afa'cfdfsf] jf sfg'gl ;+/Ifssf] hflt, j0f{, ln+u, efiff, wd{, ;/sf/n] sgh':ofof u/]sf] 5}g lbp ;f] :s'n cfpg gkfpg] ljbfyl{sf nflu laxfgl / a]n'sl siffsf] k agw ldnfpsf 5f}. To:t}, n]sdf a:g] afnaflnsfsf] ;Gbe{df pglx a];ldf embf{ ljbfno klg a];ldf g} emfl/g5. 1fg]Gb >]i7 /fli6«o sfo{qmd ;Nnfxsf/ s]gb Lo afnsnof0f ;ldlt, xl/x/ejg o;kflnsf] afnlbj;af/] 5nkmn eo/x]sf] 5. ;+j4{g afnaflnsfsf] sfof{gjog ;+ljwfgsf]ú gf/f;lxt o; jif{sf] afnlbj; dgfpg] epsf 5f}. ;+ljwfg /fd f]; u sfof{gjog eof] eg] dfq afnclwsf/sf] ;+j4{g x'g5 egg] ;Gb]z of] gf/fn] af]s]sf] 5. lgod jf gf/f agfp bf clwsf/sf s'/fnfo{ km/flsnf] lx;fadf ;a}dfem k :t't ul/g5. gf/fsf] sfof{gjogdf cgwsf/ xf]og, sfof{gjog eo/x]sf] 5. g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df afnclwsf/sf] sfof{gjog ug{ yfn]sf] w]/} ;do eo;sof]. of] bf}/fgdf k To]s of]hgfn] afnaflnsfsf] lziffnfo{ hf]8 lbpsf] kfog5. afnclwsf/ dxf;lgwdf btf{ x'g'egbf cufl8 klg afnclwsf/;dagwl Jofks kdf sfo{qmd lyp. afnclwsf/ dxf;lgwdf btf{ eo;s]kl5 eg] ;/sf/l / lghl b'a} If]qaf6 sfo{qmd eo/x]sf 5g\. o;/l ljlegg sfo{qmd ub}{ hf bf klg /fhgllts jf cgo ljrf/, /fli6«o, hftlo jf ;fdflhs ptklq, ;DklQ, czqmtf hgd jf cgo x}l;ot h];'s} ep klg s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj gu/l clwsf/nfo{ ;Ddfg / ;'lglzrt ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] kfog5. afnaflnsfsf afa'cfdf, sfg'gl ;+/Ifs jf kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] x}l;ot, lqmofsnfk, clejoqm wf/0ff jf cf:yfsf cfwf/df ul/g] ;a} lsl;dsf e]befj jf b08;hfoaf6 afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f ;'lglzrt ug{ ;a} ;d'lrt pkfo cjndag ug]{ dfq xf]og, afnaflnsfsf] lxtsf nflu cfjzos ;+/If0f / :ofxf/sf] Joj:yf tyf ;a} ;d'lrt Joj:yfksLo / k zf;lgs pkfo cjndag ug{ kifw/ /fi6«nfo{ Ps lsl;dn] lgb]{zg u/]sf] b]lvg5. To;}u/L g]kfn klg pqm dxf;lgwsf] kifw/ /fi6«epsfn] dxf;lgwsf] k"0f{ kl/kfngf ub}{ sfg'g agfpg'kg]{ / tl sfg'gsf] sfof{gjog ug{' u/fpg' k d'v bflotj xf]. To;}n] afnaflnsfsf] xs clwsf/nfo{ ;'lglzrt ug{ afnaflnsf;dagwl agfp/ /fhon] dxf;lgwsf] kifw/ /fi6«epsf] wd{ lgjf{x u/]sf] 5. P]gsf] wf/f afnclwsf/;dagwl ztk ltzt g} pknlaw eg]] eo;s]sf] 5}g. Uf'0f:t/ / kl/df0f b'a} lx;fan] afnaflnsfsf] z}lifs cj:yf /fd f] 5. t/, dflynnf] siffdf up/ ljbfyl{ 36\g] qmd eg] hf/l g} 5. dft[efiffdf k9fo gepsf sf/0fn] ; ;fgf afnaflnsfdf :s'ndf k9fpsf] ga'em\g] ;d:of 5. t/, a'em\gsf nflu pglx ljbfnodf g} hfg'k5{. j6f lhnnfdf dft[efiffdf k9fo x'g5. dft[efiffdf lziff glbpsf sf/0fn] ljbfnodf afnaflnsfsf] kx' r gepsf]] egg] kifdf eg] d 5}g. :s'n eg]sf] ghfg]sf] s'/f l;sg] 7fp xf]. ;/sf/l tyof+sn] lziff If]qdf (^=@ k ltzt ljbfnodf afnaflnsfsf] kx' r epsf] / #=* k ltzt dfq} ljbfnoaflx/ /x]sf] b]vfp 5. sltko lhnnfsf :s'ndf ;/sf/n] k/ rfon8 kmg8ú lbg5. w]/} ljbfyl{ ;+Vof epsf] tyof+s lziff sfof{non] lnpkl5 To;sf] cfwf/df ljbfnonfo{ ;xof]u cfp 5. o;sf] cfwf/df sltko ljbfnodf ljbfyl{sf] /]s8{ x'g5, t/ pglx ljbfno eg] gcfpg] x'g5g\. k foh;f] ul/al / ljbfno 6f9f epsf] sf/0fn] klg w]]/} afnaflnsf ljbfnosf] kx' raf6 aflx/ 5g\. ljbfno;dd kx' r gk'lu/x]sf afnaflnsfsf ljifodf!(() df g} 5nkmn epsf] lyof]. afnaflnsfnfo{ lziffsf] kx' rdf Nofpg ;/sf/l ta/af6 ljlegg lqmofsnfk eo/x]sf 5g\. lbp ;f] :s'n cfpg gkfpg] ljbfyl{sf nflu laxfgl / a]n'sl siffsf] k agw ldnfpsf 5f}. To:t}, n]sdf a:g] afnaflnsfsf ;Gbe{df pglx a];ldf embf{ ljbfno klg a];ldf g} emfl/g5. To:t}, ljbfno vfhf sfo{qmd, lgmz'ns egf{, 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf cflbn] klg # df afnaflnsfsf] xs clwsf/sf af/]df Joj:yf u/]sf] kfog5. h;df afnssf] gfd kfpg] clwsf/sf] s'/f d'vo /x]sf] 5. P]gsf] wf/f $ df afa'cfdfn] cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yfcg';f/ k To]s afnssf] kfngkf]if0f, lziff, :jf:yof]krf/ v]ns'b tyf dgf]/~hgsf] ;'ljwf pknaw u/fpg'kg]{ sfg'gl k fjwfg kfog5. afnaflnsfsf] kfngkf]if0fsf s ddf 5f]/f / 5f]/Ldf e]befj ug{ gx'g], wd{k'q jf wd{k'ql / cfkm"n] hgdfpsf] afns jf aflnsfdf e]befj ug{ gx'g], afnaflnsfk lt qm"/ oftgfk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug{ gx'g], afa' / cfdf cnu cnu epsf cj:yfdf afnaflnsfnfo{ e]63f6sf] ;'ljwf x'g'kg]{h:tf sfg'gl Joj:yf /x]sfn] tl afnaflnsfsf sfg'gl clwsf/ x'g\. lziffsf ljifodf g]kfnsf] n] cfwf/e"t tx;ddsf] lziff clgjfo{ lgmz'ns tyf dfwolds tx;ddsf] lziff lgmz'ns kfpg] xs ;'lglzrt u/]sf] kfog5. cfh klg afn>d Jofks dfqf 5. sfg'gcg';f/ afnaflnsfnfo{ >ddf nufpg x'fb}g. nufpdf sfg'gadf]lhd ;hfosf] afnaflnsfnfo{ lziffsf] kx' rdf Nofpg ;xof]u k' ofpsf] 5. s]gb Lo afnsnof0f ;ldltn]!$ lhnnfsf!# xhf/ kffr ;o e"sdkkll8t afnaflnsfnfo{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5. To:t}, ågåkll8t lhnnfdf ;xof]u ug]{ k lqmof rln/x]sf] 5. afnaflnsfnfo{ z}lifs kx' rdf k' ofpg g;sg'sf] klxnf] r'gf}tl eg]sf] ul/al g} xf]. ul/al x6fpg lgod, sfg'g / cfocfh{gsf ; f]tsf] pknawtf x'g'k5{. ;dfh cfly{s kdf cufl8 a9]/ dfq} x' b}g, ;fdflhsls/0f tyf hgr]tgfsf] :t/ klg psfl;g'k5{. cfdfa'af u'dfpsf sltko!@ b]lv!% jif{sf afnaflnsfn] cfkmf} g} cleefjssf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/l 3/ rnfo/x]sf 5g\. To:tf afnaflnsf slt 5g\, Tof] xfdlnfo{ k"0f{ kdf hfgsf/l 5}g. t/, ;Dks{df cfpsf afnaflnsfsf nflu xfdln] ljlegg cleofg rnfo/x]sf 5f}. jf:tjdf afnclwsf/;dagwl ;d:ofnfo{ /fli6«o / cgt/f{li6«o b'j} kifaf6 ;Daf]wg eo/x]sf] 5. w]/} ;+3;+:yf ;x/ / ufp b'j} If]qdf kl/rflnt 5g\. b'u{d 7fp df up/ ;+3;+:yf ;~rfng u/]/ a:g' Psbd} r'gf}tlk"0f{ 5. sltko 7fp df ljbfno x'g5, afnaflnsf x' b}gg\ eg] sltko 7fpFdf afnaflnsf x'g5g\, t/ ljbfno x' b}g. afnaflnsfsf] lziffdf kx' r k' ofpg ;/sf/l tyf u}/;/sf/l ;+3;+:yfn] ljlegg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\. z}lifs ;fdu L, nqfsk8f, ljbfnosf] kmlg{r/, ljbfno lgdf{0f vr{, v]ns'b ;fdu Lsf] ;xof]u x/]s jif{ x' b} cfpsf] 5. To:t}, cleefjs lziff, ;fif/tf, hgr]tgfsf sfo{qmddf klg ;/sf/n] sgh':ofof u/]sf] 5}g. efulbf/ x'g'k5{. tyflk, g t cfhsf ldlt;dd afn>d /f]lspsf] 5 g ;f Rr} /fho udel/ epsf] 5 o;af/]df. afnaflnsf;dagwl plnnlvt /fli6«o tyf cgt/f{li6«o sfg'gn] afnaflnsfsf xs clwsf/ tyf ltgsf ;+/If0fsf ljifodf oy]i6 Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvp klg afnaflnsfsf] k"0f{ kdf lhdd]jf/l lnp/ afnaflnsf;dagwl plnnlvt /fli6«o tyf cgt/f{li6«o sfg'gn] u/]sf] Joj:yf cfkmf} sfof{gjogdf plqg] slxn] < sfg'g dfq agfp/ k'ug] xf]og, To;sf] plrt sfof{gjog lgodg / cg'udg klg x'g' h?/l 5. /fhon] :jf:yo / lziffsf ;jfndf afnaflnsfsf nflu /fhoaf6 pknaw x'g'kg]{ ;]jf;'ljwf sfg'g agfolbp/ dfq x'fb}g. sfof{gjogsf txdf /fho cfkmf} nfu]/ /fhon] lbpsf ;]jf;'ljwf ;f Rr} afnaflnsfnfo{ pknaw eo/x]sf] 5 jf 5}g, /fhon] lgu/fgl ug{' h?/l 5. ta dfq xfdln] dgfpsf] afnlbj; ;f Rr} ;fy{s x'g5, xf]og eg] of] lg/y{s ;flat x'g]5. 8 9

7 afnaflnsfs} If]qdf sfd ug{ s]n] clek ]l/t u of] < afnaflnsfsf] ljifo ;+;f/d} hnbf]anbf] ljifo xf]. afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf sfd ug{ d]/f] ;dfh g} d]/f nflu Pp6f k] /0ff agof]. cfkm" :s'n uo/x]sf] a]nf cfkm"h:t} w]/} afnaflnsf :s'n hfgaf6 jl~rt epsf] b]vy]f. ljbfnodf ljgfuntl s'6fo vfg] ;fylx sf] ef]ufo cem} klg d]/f] lbdfudf tfh} 5g\. xfdln] s]xl goff pkfo nufp/ sfd ug{ vf]hof}f eg] To;nfO{ aflx/ cfpg glbo dfg]{ ul/g5. xfd f] s'/f s;}n] ;'Gb}gg\. xfd f] ;d:of s] 5 egg]df s;}sf] Wofg hffb}g. xfdlnfo{ ;a}n] 7"nf] epkl5 of] ug'{k5{ / Tof] ug'{k5{ egg'x'g5, t/ xfd f] jt{dfgsf] s;}nfo{ dtna xf'b}g. xfdlh:tf w]/} afnaflnsf ;fdfgo clwsf/af6 klg jl~rt x'g'k/]sf] 5. cfˆgf] s'/fnfo{ ;'g'jfo ug{ afn Snasf dfwodaf6 siff & df k9\bfb]lv g} sfd ;'? u/f]. xfdln] afnd}ql :yfglo zf;gnfo{ cjndag u/]/ afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf sfd u of}f. tkfo{ n] clxn];dd afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf s] s:tf sfd ug'{eof] < h]7 #@ ut] xfdl cfˆgf] gu/ ;'gjnnfo{ g]kfnsf] klxnf] afnd}ql gu/ agfpg ;kmn eof}f. afn>d, afnljjfx / afnb'jo{;g Go"gLs/0f ug{ xfd f] Snan] dxtjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] 5. xfd f] gu/df s'g} afnaflnsf cnkq k/]sf 5g\ eg] pglx sf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] lhddf klg xfdln] lnpsf 5f}F. clxn];dd d}n] s] u/]f egbf klg sfd ug]{ qmddf d}n] ef]u]sf ef]ufo lgs} g} dxœjk"0f{ 5g\. Pl;og un;{ Xo'dg /fo6 cjf8{ú / Unf]sn l6g lx/f]ú cjf8{sf] ljh]tf agbf s:tf] cg'ej eof] < d}n] s]xl sfd u/]sf] ep/ g} cjf8{ kfpsl x'f. cjf8{ xft kf/]sf] lbg lhdd]jf/l yk epsf] dx;'; eof]. sfd u of] eg] ;kmn eog] /x]5 egg] s'/fsf] af]w;d]t eof]. g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] cj:yf s:tf] kfpg'epsf] 5 < g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] cj:yf /fd f] 5 egl uj{ ug]{ l:ylt 5}g. cem} klg lbgfg'lbg aflnsfx anftsf/sf] l;sf/ epsf 5g\. a]rlavg, afnljjfx, afn>dnufot s'/fx af/daf/ ;'lgfb} cfpsf 5g\. cleefjs cfkm}fn] 3/df afnd}ql jftfj/0f lbo/x]sf 5}gg\. sltko cj:yfdf eg] afnaflnsfn] 10 cgt/jftf{ g]kfnnfo{ afnd}ql agfpf5' ljkgf zdf{ Pl;ofsf ;a} b]znfo{ kl5 kfb}{ df tfojfgdf epsf] cgt/f{li6«o Pl;og un;{ Xo'dg /fo6 cjf8{ú tyf cu:6 km:6{df g]kfnel/sf l6gnfo{ k5fl8 kfb}{ Unf]sn l6g lx/f]ú sl ljh]tf x'g\. gjnk/f;l ;'gjn gu/kflnsfsl zdf{ n'ldagl prr dfwolds ljbfnosf] siff!@ df cwoog/t 5fqf x'g\. pgl xfn gjnk/f;l lhnnf:t/lo afn Sna ;~hfnsf cwoif x'g\. To:t}, /fli6«o afn Sna ;~hfnsf] sf]iffwoifsf kdf ;d]t pgl sfo{/t l5g\. xfd f] ;d:of s] 5 egg]df s;}sf] Wofg hffb}g. xfdlnfo{ ;a}n] 7"nf] epkl5 of] ug'{k5{ / Tof] ug'{k5{ egg'x'g5, t/ xfd f] jt{dfgsf] s;}nfo{ dtna xf'b}g. ljkgf zdf{ klg untl ul//x]sf x'g5g\. xfdln] clwsf/ dfq vf]hg] xf]og, st{jo klg lgefpg'k5{. afnaflnsfsf] :t/f]ggltsf nflu lzifs, cleefjs / afnaflnsf :jo+sf] ;dfg e"ldsf x'g5. clxn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] klg o;sf nflu sfd ul//x]sf] 5. To;df Pglhcf] / cfopglhcf]n] klg ;3fO/x]sf 5g\. afnclwsf/ ;'lglzrt ug]{ k d'v lhdd]jf/l s;sf] xf] < afnclwsf/ s'g} Pshgfsf] dfq cfjzostf xf]og. of] ;a}sf] ;femf ;jfn xf]. afnaflnsfsf nflu /fhosf] k d'v bflotj x'g5. t/, gful/sn] klg o;df ;dfg ;xeflutf hgfpg'k5{. afnd}ql jftfj/0fsf nflu afnaflnsf :jo+ cufl8 cfpg'k5{. h;sf] ;jfn xf] To;df pglx sf]] ;xeflutf clgjfo{ x'g'k5{. pglx s} kxn / cu'jfodf lgs} l56f] sfd x'g ;S5. afnaflnsfsf] eljio phhjn eof] eg] dfq /fi6«sf] eljio phhjn x'g5. /fi6«phhjn x'g' eg]sf] xfdl ;a} ;d[4 x'g' xf]. tkfo{ n] g]kfnsf prr kb:y JolQm;Fu klg e]l6;sg'epsf] 5, afnaflnsfk lt pxffx sf] ;f]r s:tf] kfpg'eof] < d}n] afnaflnsfsf] xssf] nflu s]xl lhdd]jf/ JolQmTj;Fu e]6]sl 5'. pxffx sf] afnaflnsfk ltsf] ;f]r Psbd} ;sf/ftds kfpsl 5'. pxffx n] cfˆgf tkm{af6 klg k lta4tf ug'{epsf] 5. /l~ht emfn] afnclwsf/sf nflu hljgt kxn ug]{ atfpg'epsf] 5. k wfgdgqlho"n] afnd}ql jftfj/0fsf nflu xfdlh:tf afnaflnsf ;lqmo epsf] b]v]/ v';l JoQm ug'{eof]. To:t}, /jlgb ld> klg of] ljifodf ;sf/ftds x'g'x'g5. s] eof] eg] g]kfn afnaflnsfsf nflu :ju{ agyof] < ;a}egbf klxnf afnaflnsfsf] affrg kfpg] clwsf/, pglx sf] ;xeflutf, ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf] clwsf/ ;'lglzrt x'g'k of]. ha;dd pglx cfˆgf] clwsf/af6 jl~rt x'g5g\ ta;dd ;d[4 ;dfhsf] kl/snkgf ug{ ;lsfb}g. afnd}ql jftfj/0fn] afnaflnsfnfo{ g]t[tj ug{, lhdd]jf/ x'g / cfkm"n] b]v]sf] ;kgf k"/f ug{ l;sfpf5. /fi6«k lt k ]dsf] efjgf pglx df hfu5. afnaflnsf eg]sf ;d:ofsf ; f]t dfq xf]ogg\, ;dfwfg klg x'g\ egg] a'em\g'k5{. To:t}, afnaflnsfsf nflu ug]{ vr{, vr{ xf]og nufgl xf] egg] s'/f a'em\g'k5{. cfˆgf] sfo{sfndf 36]sf] s'g} clj:d/0flo 36gf ep atfolbg'xf];\ g. :s'n ghfg] ;fylx nfo{ pglx sf] 3/df lng hffbf pglx sf cleefjsn] s'rrf] lnp/ nv]6\g'x'gyof]. :s'nnfo{ afnd}ql agfpg lzifsx nfo{ lgs}k6s ;Demfpg'k/]sf] ofb cfpf5. lgs}k6s ljjfx ug{ cfpsf hgtlnfo{ kmsf{psf lyoff}. xfdldfly s]xl xf]nf eg]/ xfd f] gu/kflnsfn] k x/lsf] u:tl v6fp/ xfdlnfo{ ;'/Iff Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof]. tkfo{ sf efjl of]hgf s] s] 5g\ < d}n] g]kfnnfo{ afnd}ql agfpg] ;kgf b]v]sl 5'.!! jif{sf] pd]/df ;'gjnnfo{ afnd}ql agfpg] ;kgf af]s]/ lxf8]sl lypf. ;a}sf] ;fy / ;xof]un] k"/f klg epsf] 5. gjnk/ f;l lhnnfnfo{ casf] kffr jif{df afnd}ql agfpg] xfd f] nio 5. To:t}, g]kfnnfo{ klg Ps lbg afnd}ql agfpf5'. OG6/fS6df tkfo{sf] k a]z s;/l eof]< cfhegbf $ jif{ cufl8 /f]6«ofs6/ bfo slkn Tjfgfaf;'n] dnfo{ /f]6/l o'y ln8/l;k cjf8{ SofDk -/fonf SofDk_w'lnv]ndf cfkm" ;Fu} nfg'epsf] lyof]. Tof] /fonf SofDkdf &% hgf o'jfx ;xeful lyp. rf/ lbg b]z e/lsf o'jfx ;Fu w'lnv]nd} g]t[tj ljsf;sf ;fy ;fy}} cgo dxtjk"0f{ s'/fx l;sg] df}sf kfpf. ToxL SofDkdf ld; /fonfsf] pkflw lht];fu} ;'? eof] d]/f] OG6/fS6 ofqf. o;sf /fd f kifx s] s] x'g\ < of] ljzjf; / ;Ddfgsf] jfo'd08n xf]. ;]jf / dfgjtfsf] ljrf/ wf/f / sfo{ ug]{ l;sfpg] dfwod. OG6/fS6 Sna afnaflnsfdf n's]sf] k ltef k :km'6g / k bz{g ug{] Pp6f ;'Gb/ d+r xf]. o;n] g]t[tj ljsf; u/fpf5, jfs zlqm ljsf; ug]{ cj;/ lbg5. cg'zfl;t eo b]z ljb]zsf o'jfx ;Fu e]6]/ l;sg] / l;sfpg] dfxf}n tof/ ul/lbg5. tkfof{sf] JolQmTjdf o;n] kf/]sf k efjx s] s] x'g\ < Pp6L ;fgl ;fdfgo nhfn' s]6lnfo{ gl8/, :jfledfgl, ;xgzln, cftdljzjf;l / cg'zfl;t /f]6«ofs6/ /ljgf zfso OG6/fS6n] g} agfpsf] xf]. cgt/jftf{ dnfo{ OG6/fS6n] agfpsf] ;fndf eqmk'/df hlgdpsl /ljgf zfson] ;}lgs cfj;lo dxfljbfno, eqmk'/jf6!@ siff;ddsf] cwoog u/]sl 5g\. prr lziffsf] nflu tof/ ub}{ /x]sl pgl hljgdf s"6gllt1 / pbdl agg] nio /x]sf] atfpfl5g\. pgn] ef/t, a+unfb]z, >Ln+sf b]zx 3'Dg] cj;/ kfpsl 5g\. sf] l8li6«s6 OG6/fS6 k ltlglw -l8cfocf/_ /ljgf OG6/fS6 Sna ckm eqmk'/ dfp06 EofnL ;]s]08/l :s'nsl ;+:yfks cwoif klg x'g\. df w'lnv]ndf ;DkGg /fonf SofDkdf ld; /fonfsf] pkflw lht]kl5 OG6/fS6sf] j[qdf cfzf nfubf] ep/ pbfpsl pg} /ljgf;fu g'jfulsf ;Dafbbftfn] u/]sf] s'/fsfgl OG6/fS6 Sna afnaflnsfdf n's]sf] k ltef k :km'6g / k bz{g ug{] Pp6f ;'Gb/ d+r xf]. o;n] g]t[tj ljsf; u/fpf5, jfs zlqm ljsf; ug]{ cj;/ lbg5. /ljgf zfso /f]6/l l8li6«s6 #@(@ clxn] l8cfocf/ agg' epsf] 5, s:tf] nfub}5< l8cfocf/ h:tf] ;Ddflgt e"ldsfdf /x]/ sfd ug'{ d]/f] $ jif{ cufl8b]lvs} OR5f xf]. cfh Tof] kb u x0f u/l ;Sbf cfkm}nfo{ lgs} g} efuodfgl / lhdd]jf/ dxz'; ul//x]sl 5'. l8cfocf/n] s] s] ug]{ /x]5 < OG6/fS6 /f]6/l OG6/g]zn l8l:6«s6 #@(@ nfo{ k ltlglwtj ug'{ ;fy} ;+;f/ el/sf OG6/fS6 /f]6/l l8l:6«s6 Sna ;Fu ;f}xfb {k"0f{ ;DaGw agfpg'. g]kfn / e'6fg el/sf OG6/fS6 Sna tyf OG6/fS6/;sf nflu ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{. k9fo, sfd / l8cfocf/sf] e"ldsf, s;/l ;Dej eo/x]sf] 5 < ;do Joj:yfkg, cfjzostf d"nof+sg, tgfj Joj:yfkg, s8f ldlxg]t, prr nio h:tf s'/fx d}n] OG6/fS6af6} l;s]sl x'f. ljxfg sn]h hfg5', lbpf;f] clkm;, ;ffem Snasf] sfd / a]n'sl km]l/ k9fo / ;f];n ldl8of. o;/l g} latb}5 lbgx. g]kfndf OG6/fS6sf] cj:yf s:tf] kfpg'eof]< g]kfndf OG6/fS6sf] cj:yf lbg k lt lbg /fd f] / o;sf] ;~hfn cem km/flsnf] / alnof] x'fb} uo/x]sf] 5. g]kfndf clxn] OG6/fS6 Snasf] ;+Vof!!) 5. ol ;a} Snax nfo{ k"0f{ kdf ;lqmo, alnof] / Psh'6 agfpglt/ nflu/x]sl 5'. sf]xl OG6/fS6 agg rfxg5 eg] p;n] s] ug'{k5{< OG6/fS6 eg]sf] -!@!*_ jif{sf] afnaflnsfsf] nflu /f]6/l OG6/g]Zgnn] u7g u/]sf] Sna xf]. o;nfo{ 5f]6s/Ldf /f]6/l Og PS;g klg elgg5. w]/} h;f] OG6/fS6 Sna ljbfnodf cfwfl/t x'g5g\ eg] s'g} ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t klg x'g5g\. logdf sf]xl OG6/fS6sf] ;b:o x'g rfxg5 eg] cfkm\gf] :s'n cyjf sn]hdf OG6/fS6 Sna 5 eg] ToxfFsf] k lqmofnfo{ lgofng'k5{ / cfkm\gf] :s'n sn]hdf gepsf] v08df OG6/fS6 /f]6/lsf s'g} klg ;b:o tyf ;+:yf;fu hfgsf/l lnp/ ;d'bflos OG6/fS6 Snadf cfa4 x'g ;lsg5. 11

8 cgt/jftf{ ;+:yf ljj/0f afn Snadf l;sg] s'/f ljbfnodf l;sg kfofb}g /fli6«o afn Sna ;~hfnsf ;+:yfks cwoif lbk]z lj;'ª\s] ;fg} pd]/b]lv afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf nflu ;s[o o'jf x'g\. xfn eqmk'/ SofDk;df :gfts txdf /fhglltzf:q -kf]lnl6sn ;fog;_ cwoog ul//x]sf pgl;fu g'jfuln] pgsf] cg'ejaf/] s'/fsfgl ug]{ cj;/ kfpsf] 5. afn Snadf tkfo{fsf] ;+nugtf s;/l eof] < lj;+ ;fndf g]kfndf klxnf]k6s afn Snasf] :yfkgfsf nflu cfjfh p7foof]. ;fndf u7g eof]. afnaflnsfn] klg ;+u7gdf cfa4 ep/ cfˆgf] xs clwsf/sf] cfjfh p7fpg ;+:yf vf]ng kfpg'k5{ egg] ;fndf g} ;jf]{rr cbfntdf l/6 xfn]/ g]kfnsf] klxnf] afn Snasf] :yfkgf eof]. afn Snasf] cleofg eg] gjnk/f;l lhnnfaf6 ltnstd kf}8]n bfon] ;'? ug'{ epsf] lyof]. eqmk'/ lhnnfdf efb $ ut] u7g eof]. To;a]nf xft]dfn] ;+;f/ egg] ;+:yf lyof] h;n] eqmk'/sf!$ j6f afn Snasf] x]/ljrf/ uyof]{. k To]s zlgaf/!! b]lv! ah];dd afn Sna ;~rfng )^# ;fnaf6 d]/f] afn Snasf] ofqf ;'? eof]. afn Snadf s] x'g5 < ljz]ifu/l afn Snadf cfkm" s;/l ;dfhdf 3'nldn x'g], ;d"xdf /x]/ afnclwsf/sf nflu cfjfh s;/l p7fpg] egg] s'/f x'g5g\. afnaflnsfdfly x'g] b08;hfo, b'jo{jxf/ tyf ljlegg 36gfnfO{ :jo+ afnaflnsfx n] ;fdfgo kdf ;dfwfg s;/l ug]{ egg] s'/fsf] klg 1fg lbog5. afn Snasf] ljz]iftf s] xf] < afn Snadf nfu]sf / gnfu]sf afnaflnsfalr w]/} cgt/ x'g5. afn Snasf] kmfobf eg]sf] o'jf cj:yfdf ljlegg s'nt tyf cgfjzos s'/fdf km:g glbg' xf]. o:tf s'/fsf] lziff afn Snan] k bfg u5{. afnaflnsf eg]sf nufglsf ; f]t x'g\. afnaflnsfdfly ha nufgl x'g5 ta ef]lnsf] ;dfhsf] ljsf; x'g5. h'g s'/fsf] k'li6 afn Snan] u5{. afn Snadf nflu;s]kl5 af]ng ;Sg], cfˆgf ;d:of /fvg ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; x'g5. afnaflnsfsf ;d:of afnafflnsfn] g} a'em\g'k5{ egg] s'/fsf] cj;/ afn Snan] k bfg u5{. ;Ifd gful/ssf kdf ljsf; x'g afn Snan] d2t ul//x]sf] x'g5. afn Snasf glltlgod s] s:tf 5g\ t < afn Sna g]kfn ;/sf/sf] c+u xf]. k To]s lhnnfdf lhnnf afn snof0f ;ldltsf] :jfldtjdf afn Snax x'g5g\. * b]lv!* jif{;ddsf afnaflnsf afn Snadf cfa4 x'g kfp 5g\. afn Snasf klg cfˆg} ljwfg afn Snadf nflu;s]kl5 af]ng ;Sg], cfˆgf ;d:of /fvg ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; x'g5. afnaflnsfsf ;d:of afnafflnsfn] g} a'em\g'k5{ egg] s'/fsf] cj;/ afn Snan] k bfg u5{. lbk]z lj;'ª\s] 5g\.!) siff kf; ul/;s]kl5 afn Snadf p;sf] ;b:otf /x b}g. afn Sna / ljbfnoalr km/s s] t < afn Snadf hljgf]kof]ul tyf ;Lksf s'/f l;sfog5. ljbfnodf s]jn k9fpg] / pts[i6 glthf Nofpg] ljifodf Wofg lbog5. afnaflnsfn] afn Snadf l;sg] s'/f ljbfnodf l;sg kfo/x]sf x' b}gg\. afnofj:yfdf x'g] cg]s kl/jt{gaf/] 5nkmn afn Snadf x'g5. ;/sf/l lgsfoaf6 to epsf] ah]6 s] s]df 5'6\ofOG5 < g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k' hlut ah]6 x'g5. Tof] ah]6rflxf!) k ltzt nlift ;d"xcgtu{t afnaflnsfsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] x'g5. lglzrt ul/psf of]hgfsf cfwf/df k To]s jif{ tlgj6f zlif{sdf ah]6 5'6\ofOG5. ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/, ;dfh clej[l4 / ;+:yfut ljsf;df. s] 5'6\ofOPsf] ah]6sf] ;xl ;b'kof]u epsf] 5 t < ah]6 ;xl tl/sfn] kl/rfng gepsf] cj:yf 5. ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/sf nflu eg]/ 5' } ah]6 cfpsf] x'g5. ljz]ifu/l af}l4s k"jf{wf/tkm{, ;fdflhs ljsf;tkm{ / ;+:yfut ljsf;tkm{ To;}u/L ;fdflhs Ifdtf clej[l4 ljsf;tkm{ a9l ah]6 xfng'kg]{ x'g5. t/, ol s'/fdf Wofg k'ug ;ls/x]sf] 5}g. sfo{qmdx ubf{ ;b:onfo{ cfly{s ef/ kb}{g < xfdln] lgoldt kdf afn Sna ;~rfng ul/;s]kl5 k To]s xktf sfo{;ldltsf efoalxglaf6 kf r kf r?k}off p7fp 5f}. xfd f]df klg cwoif, pkfwoif, ;lrj egg] x'g5 / pglx nfo{ yf]/} yf]/} lhdd]jf/lsf] af]w klg u/fp 5f}. sf]if v8f u/l Toxf k};fsf] lx;fa /fvg] lhddf sf]iffwoifnfo{ lbog5. hddf u/]sf] k};fn] jst[tjsnf, jfbljjfb, xflh/lhjfkm k ltof]lutf, syf, sljtf n]vgh:tf k ltof]lutf u5f}{+. s;}nfo{ pkxf/ lbg klg xfdln] pqm sf]ifaf6 vr{ u5f}{f. slxn]sfxlf ;/;kmfo sfo{qmd klg /fv5f}. xfdl o;sf nflu lhdd]jf/ JolQmTjnfO{ af]nfp/ sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u5f}{. o;/l xfdl sf]ifsf] k};fsf] ;xl 7fp df ;b'kof]u ul//x]sf x'g5f}. ;b:onfo{ cfly{s ef/ kb}{g. g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 t < sltko afnaflnsf lziffaf6 cem} klg jl~rt 5g\. s}of} afnaflnsf cfˆg} 3/df b'jo{jxf/sf] l;sf/ epsf 5g\. sltko afn>d zf]if0fsf] rk]6fdf kl//x]sf 5g\. afnaflnsfdfly k};f w]/} nufgl eof], t/ pknlaw sd epsf] xf] ls h:tf] nfu5. afnaflnsfsf] ;Gbe{df x]g]{ ;+3;+:yf w]/} g} 5g\. kl/jt{g eo/x] klg xfdln] rfx]sf] ;dfh, lhnnf / /fi6«k"0f{ kdf lgdf{0f eo;s]sf] 5}g. afnaflnsfsf] ;dfh eggfn] s] a'lemg5 < afnaflnsfsf] ;dfh eggfn] pglx n] k9\g kfpg'k of]. s}of} afnaflnsf afn b'jo{jxf/sf] l;sf/ epsf 5g\. ;dod} kfngkf]if0f, :jf:yof]krf/ gkfp/ sltkosf] csfnd} d[to' x'g] u/]sf] cj:yf klg 5. tl s'/fnfo{ lg?t;flxt ug{ cfjzos 5. cfˆgf] xs clwsf/ ;a}n] kfpg ;s"g\. ;dfg kdf af Rg kfpg] ;dfh afnaflnsfn] rfx]sf x'g5g\. ;'b"/klzrdf~rn If]qdf 5fpk8L h:tf k yf sfod g} 5g\. o:tf] ;dfh afnaflnsfx n] rfxfb}gg\. g]kfnsf afnaflnsfx sf] :t/f]ggltsf nflu lg/gt/ s[ofzln s]xl ;+:yfx?sf] ;+lifkt ;fndf :yflkt g]kfn :sfp6n] :yfkgfsf] uf}/jdo ^$ jif{ JotLt ul/;s]sf] 5. o; ;+u7gdf g]kfnl ;dfhsf ;a} tx / tksfsf sl/a %& xhf/ ;b:o cfa4 5g\. o'jfsf] zf/ll/s, dfgl;s, af}l4s, cfwofltds / ;+j]uftds ljsf; u/fo{ /fi6«sf] ;d'ggt ljsf;df of]ubfg lbg;sg] gful/s tof/ ug]{ p2]zon] g]kfn :sfp6 cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5. o;df cfa4 o'jf ljbfyl{n] :sfp6 siff, SoflDkª, xfolsªsf dfwodaf6 1fg k fkt ug]{ / To; 1fgnfO{ ;le{; SofDk, :jf:yo lzlj/, ;r]tgf ofnl cflbdf k of]u ub}{ dfgjlo ;]jfsfo{df cfkm"nfo{ ;dlk{t u5{g\. Dr. Gmeiner developed the SOS Children s Village concept, the simple idea to offer abandoned and orphaned children a valuable substitute for their lost families and established the SOS Children s Villages in Imst, Austria. In Nepal, the first SOS Children Village was established in Sanothim in 1972 and now, 10 SOS Children Villages are running throughout the country located in Sanothimi, Bharatpur, Pokhara, Itahari, Jorpati, Kavre, Lumbini, Surkhet and Dhangadhi caring more than 2000 children and youths. SOS Children s Villages operates Family Base Programme and Family Strengthening Programme. In emergencies, it also helps children and people in need. Family Base Care: Average of 15 family homes form the SOS Children's Village is an integral part of the g]kfn :sfp6 vf;u/l ut jif{sf] dxfe"sdkdf g]kfn :sfp6n] ;Lldt ; f]t / ;fwgsf afjh'b cfkm\gf tlg xhf/egbf a9l :jo+;]js kl/rfng u/l p4f/ / /fxtsf ;fy} dxtjk"0f{ ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0fdf ljzj;glo kdf bqlrq ep/ nfu]sf] lyof] / xfn;dd klg k'glg{df{0fnufotsf sfddf ;lqmo /lx/x]sf] cj:yf 5. ;+o'qm /fi6«;+3lo lgsfo;fu ;xsfo{ ub}{ :sfp6 :jo+;]jsnfo{ tflnd k bfg ul/psf] 5 eg] g]kfn ;/sf/n] klg :sfp6nfo{ k f]t;flxt ug{ b]ze/df ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf lj1 ptkfbg ug{ b'o{ ;o $) lgjf{rg If]qsf JolQmnfO{ tflnd lbg ;xsfo{ u/]sf] lyof]. xfn ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf] /fli6«o sfo{qmd g]kfn ;/sf/ o'jf tyf v]ns'b dgqfno;fusf] ;xsfo{df ;~rflnt 5. o'lg;]kmsf] ;xof]udf lszf]/ lszf]/l sfo{qmd kfgt/0f ;~rflnt 5 eg] o'lg;]kms} ;xof]udf e"sdkkzrft\ Road to Recovery sfo{qmd g]kfn :sfp6sf :jo+;]jsåf/f e"sdk k efljt lhnnfdf ;DkGg eo;s]sf] 5. To;}u/L ljzj :sfp6 ;+u7g Pl;of k zfgt (WOSM APR) If]qsf] ;xof]udf Messenger of SOS CHILDREN S VILLAGES NEPAL wider community. Girls and Boys of different ages live together with their SOS mother in the SOS Children's Village. SOS mother builds a close relationship with each child entrusted to her, giving them love, security and stability that they need. Children were transferred to Youth Home for building careers for their successful integration after their school education. Family Strengthening Programme: SOS Children's Village works jointly with community members through its Family Strengthening Programme Peace sfo{qmdcgtu{t ljlegg sfo{qmdsf ;fy} WAGGGS sf] ;xfotfdf klg ljlegg dlxnf hfu/0f / ptyfgsf sfo{qmd ;~rflnt 5g\. o'jf ljsf;sf nflu FNPP k f]h]s6cgtu{t o'jf g]t[tj ljsf; tflnd sfo{qmd g]kfnugh / lj/f6gu/df ;DkGg epsf 5g\. To;}u/L, :sfp6 lziffdf ;dofg's'n kl/dfh{g ug{ Trainer's Seminar ;DkGg ul/psf] 5. WAGGGS APR sf]!@cf}f If]qLo ;]K6]Da/;Dd sf7df8f+}df ;DkGg x'g]5. ;f] ;Dd]ngdf Pl;of k zfgt b]zsf b'o{ ;oegbf a9l k ltlglw tyf ko{j]ifssf] ;xeflutf /xg]5. to provide education, healthcare, social support, etc. that help strengthen families and community members. The core of the SOS Family Strengthening Programme is the recognition that the family is the best place for a child to develop and to have their rights protected. Emergency Response Programme: Emergency Response Programs are run for the well-being of natural disaster affected children and people. Child Care Spaces, Kinship Care, Livelihood Program, Home in a box Distribution, Interventions under Scale-up Program, Winterization and Tuition Classes for children and students, Reconstruction of Community Schools, Construction of Private Houses for economically deprived people and Construction of Social Centre are the major programs of emergency response programme of SOS Children s Villages

9 ;+:yf ljj/0f ;+:yf ljj/0f ;]e b lrn8«]gn] g]kfndf ;g\!(&^ b]lv afnclwsf/ ;'zf;g, ;+/If0f, lziff, :jf:yo tyf kf]if0f, PrcfOeL tyf P8\;, k sf]k Joj:yfkg tyf hlljsf]kfh{gsf If]qdf ljlegg sfo{qmd ;~rfn ub{} cfpsf] 5. g]kfnsf] &% lhnnfdf sfo{ ub{} cfpsf] ;]e b lrn8«]gsf] If]qLo sfof{nox lj/f6gu/, a'6jn tyf g]kfnughdf 5g\. g]kfndf ;]e b lrn8] «gsf sfo{qmdx afnclwsf/ ;'zf;g afnclwsf/sf] cg'udg ug{, afnclwsf/ ;'lglzrt ug{ /fli6«o k 0ffnLnfO{ alnof] agfpg, afnclwsf/ k j4{g ug{ / ;/f]sf/jfnfnfo{ lhdd]jf/ agfpg gful/s ;dfh / afnaflnsfdfem hfu/0f a9fpg] sfo{ dfkm{t afnclwsf/ ;'zf;gsf] nflu ;]e b lrn8«]gn] sfd ub}{ cfpsf] 5. afn ;+/If0f ;]e b lrn8«]gn] cg'udg, ;"rgf ;+sng / k lt/iffsf dfwodaf6 afnaflnsfnfo{ ;'/Iff ug{ / lx+;f, ckdfg, zf]if0f / v/fa cfr/0flj?4 n8\g ;Ifd agfpg] k otg u5{. To:t}, ågb / k sf]kh:tf cfsl:ds ljklqsf a]nfdf afnaflnsfnfo{ ;+/If0f ;]jf k bfg u5{. ;]e b lrn8]«]g lziff ;]e b lrn8«]gn] k f/ldes afn ljsf;df, ljbfno hfg] pd]/sf ;a} afnaflnsfnfo{ :t/lo lziffsf] kx' r a9fpgdf / ljlegg sf/0fn] :s'n hfg alrd} 5f8]sf afnaflnsfnfo{ ljlegg j}slnks dfwodaf6 lziffsf] d"n wf/df Nofpg] sfd u5{. :yfglo tyf /fli6«o lzif0f ;+:yfgsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ub}{ zf/ll/s b'a{ntf epsf afnaflnsfnfo{ ;dfhdf k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ / pglx df lziffsf] kx' r ;'lglzrt ug{ klg ;]e b lrn8«]gn] ljlegg sfo{s d ub}{ cfpsf] 5. :jf:yo tyf kf]if0f ;x; fabl ljsf; nio $ xfl;n ug{ ;]e b lrn8«]gn] gjhft lzz'sf] hljg/iffsf nflu ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t gjhft lzz' :ofxf/ sfo{qmdsf] sfof{gjog tyf lj:tf/df g]kfn ;/sf/nfo{ ;xof]u k' ofp b} cfpsf] 5. of] sfo{qmd xfn g]kfnsf #$ lhnnfdf nfu" epsf] 5. afnaflnsf s'kf]if0fsf] l;sf/ x'gaf6 hf]ufpg ;d'bfo / :jf:y ;+:yfdf kf]if0f;dagwl sfo{qmd klg ub{} cfpsf] 5. PrcfOeL tyf P8\; afnaflnsfnufot o'jf ju{nfo{ PrcfOeL / P8\; ;+qmd0faf6 arfpg ;]e b lrn8]«gn] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfosf o'jfalrdf ;'/lift Jojxf/ k j4{g u5{. o;n] PrcfOeL tyf P8\;af6 k efljt kl/jf/nfo{ cfocfh{g ug]{ cj;/ k bfg ug'{sf ;fy} of}g Joj;foL / n}+lus cnk;+vossf] ;~hfn ;'b[9 ug]{ sfd klg u5{. ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f Joj:yfkg k fs[lts k sf]k / afnaflnsfn] ef]ug] hf]lvdnfo{ Wofgdf /fvl ;]e b lrn8«]gn] ;fd'bflos / /fli6«o:t/df k sf]k Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] 5. ;fem]bf/; u ;xsfo{ u/l pglx ; usf] ;+nugtfdf o;n] cfsl:ds k sf]ksf] 38Ldf /fxt / p4f/ sfo{df of]ubfg ub}{ hf]lvd sd ug{ tof/l / k lt/ifftds sfo{df hf]8 lbg5. afn ul/al tyf hlljsf]kfh{g ;]e b lrn8«]gsf sfo{qmdn] hlljsf]kfh{g sfo{qmdsf] kxnåf/f ;fgf afnaflnsfdf x'g] s'kf]if0f / kl/jf/df vfb ;'/Iffsf] ;d:ofnfo{ ;Daf]wg u5{. ;+o'qm /fi6«;+3lo afnsf]if -o'lg;]km_ n] g]kfndf ;g\!(^$ b]lv sfd ul//x]sf] 5. g]kfnsf afnaflnsf, dlxnf / :yfglo ;d'bfosf] cfjzostfcg';f/ o'lg;]kmsf] sfo{qmd / /0fgLltsf] ljsf; x' b} cfo/x]sf] 5. ;'?jftl ;dodf afnaflnsfsf] hljg hf]ufpg] / vfg]kfgl tyf ;/;kmfosf nflu k"jf{wf/ ;an agfpg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] o'lg;]kmn] clxn] o;sf lqmofsnfkx :jf:yo, kf]if0f, vfg]kfgl tyf ;/;kmfo, lziff, afn ;+/If0f, ;fdflhs gllt tyf ;fdflhs ;+/If0f, ljkb\ k"j{tof/l, b]zsf] :yfglo zf;g / ;dfhsf] of]hgf k lqmofdf afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/lsf] ;xeflutf tyf ;zqmls/0f, jsfnt / ;sf/ftds Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf nflu ;~rf/ ultljlw;lxtsf sfo{qmddf lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5. o'lg;]kmsf] clxn]sf] kf rjif]{ c;dtfsf tlgj6f tx -gllt, Joj:yf / ;fdflhs_ nfo{ ;Daf]wg ug{df s]gb Lt 5 h;n] ubf{ ;a} afnaflnsf, lszf]/lszf]/l / dlxnfn] af Rg, ljsf; x'g, ;+/If0f x'g / ;xeful o'lg;]km x'g kfpg] pglx sf] clwsf/ k"/f ug{sf nflu cfjzos cfwf/e"t / cgo ;]jfdf kx' r x'g]5. o'lg;]kmn] afnaflnsfsf] af Rg kfpg] s'/f, ljsf;, ;+/If0f / ;xeflutfsf lx;fan] ;a}egbf sd :yfgdf /x]sf!% j6f lhnnfdf uxg ;xof]u k bfg ul//x]sf] 5. ol!% j6f lhnnfdf!) j6f dwo tyf ;"b'/klzrdsf kxf8l / lxdfnl If]qsf 5g\ eg] rf/j6f dwo t/fo{ -ef/t; u l;dfgf hf]l8psf_ / Pp6f k"jl{ t/fo{df 5. o'lg;]kmn] ol!% j6f lhnnfdf cfkm\gf lqmofsnfknfo{ s]lgb t u/]sf] ep klg b]zjofkl k efj x'g] u/l afnaflnsf, lszf]/lszf]/l / dlxnfsf] af Rg, ljsf; x'g, ;+/If0f x'g / ;xeful x'g kfpg] clwsf/ k"/f epsf] ;'lglzrt ug{sf nflu gllt, of]hgf, ah]6, ;+of]hg tyf cg'udg ;+ogqsf] ljsf; ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/; u sfd ul//x]sf] 5. sfof{no ;~rfngsf] lx;fan] o'lg;]km g]kfnsf] d'vo sfof{no nlntk'/sf] k'nrf]sdf 5 eg] o;sf If]qLo sfof{nox g]kfnugh, e/tk'/ / lj/f6gu/df 5g\. ut jif{ upsf] e"sdkkl5 o'lg;]km g]kfnsf] sfo{if]q lj:tf/ epsf] 5. e"sdkaf6 clt k efljt!$ lhnnfsf e"sdk k efljt JolQmsf nflu o'lg;]kmn] sfd ul//x]sf] 5. o;n] nlntk'/, uf]/vf, g'jfsf]6, l;gw'kfnrf]s / bf]nvfdf :yfkgf epsf ;fo6 sfof{nodfkm{t afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf sfd ul//x]sf] 5. o'lg;]kmn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf lgsfo / :yfglo ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfdfkm{t sfo{qmd ;~rfng u5{. o'lg;]kmsf lgoldt sfo{qmd ;~rfng eo/x]sf lhnnfm a}t8l, aemfª, afh'/f, 8f]6L, c5fd, x'dnf, h'dnf, d'u', sflnsf]6, 8f]Nkf, k;f{, /f}tx6, dxf]q/l, wg'iff / ;Kt/L. o'lg;]kmsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng eo/x]sf e"sdk k efljt lhnnfm uf]/vf, /;'jf, wflbª, g'jfsf]6, dsjfgk'/, sf7df8f}+, eqmk'/, nlntk'/, sfe ], l;gw'kfnrf]s, /fd]5fk, l;gw'nl, bf]nvf / cf]vn9'+uf. b]lv sfd ub}{ cfpsf] jn8{eo' g]kfnn] k ToIf tyf ldl8of kl/rfngdfkm{t ;dfhdf hgr]tgf km}nfpfb} lbuf] ljsf;df 6]jf k' ofpfb} cfpsf] 5. o; ;+:yfn] b]zsf $) egbf a9l lhnnfdf /x]sf b'o{ ;oegbf a9l ;+3;+:yf, ljbfno, ;~rf/u[xx ; u ;fem]bf/l tyf ;xsfo{ ub}{ ;dfhdf ;"rgf, lziff tyf ;r]tgf km}nfpg] sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5. jn8{eo' g]kfnn] xfn;dd o'/f]lkog o'lgog, o'pgp8\;, cgt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g, jg pkef]qmf dxf;+3h:tf /fli6«o tyf cgt/f{li6«o lgsfo; usf] ;xof]u tyf ;fem]bf/ldf t/fo{sf lhnnfdf afn>d pgd"ng;dagwl k}/jl tyf lziff sfo{qmd, zflgtsf kfonf / ;fe]mbf/l sfo{qmd, ågåsfndf t/fo{sf!$ lhnnfx df gful/sx sf nflu dfgjclwsf/ lziff sfo{qmd, lgikif tyf ;Gt'lnt ;dfrf/ k jfxdf gful/s ;xeflutf j[l4af6 ågå Go"gLs/0f sfo{qmd, dfgjclwsf/sf] ;dfrf/ ;Dk ]if0fdf u'0fftds ;'wf/ sfo{qmd, PrcfOeL P8\; /f]syfd tyf hgr]tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmd, ;'/lift j}b]lzs /f]huf/ tyf dfgj a]rlavg lgogq0f sfo{qmd, g]kfnsf] ;+f:s[lts ljljwtfsf] k j4{g tyf ;anls/0f sfo{qmd, hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, lgs[i6 tyf hf]lvk"0f{ afn>d lgjf/0f tyf jn8{eo' g]kfn Go"gLs/0fh:tf ljlegg sfo{qmdx u/]sf] 5. g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] cj:yf, ;fdflhs kl/rfng, afn>d lgjf/0fsf pkfo, afn>dlj?4 xl/of] emg8f cleofg cflb ;jfnsf ljlegg kifnfo{ ;d]6]/ /fli6«o tyf :yfglo klqsfdf ;dfrf/ tyf lkmr/ k sfzg x'fbf cfdgful/sdf ;r]tgf km}nfpg ;xof]u k'u]sf] lyof]. ;fy}, afn>dlj?4 tof/ kfl/psf ;"rgf, lziff tyf ;~rf/d"ns ;fdu Lsf] dfwodaf6 nlift hg;d'bfo tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;r]tgf a9fpg ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5. sfo{qmdcgtu{t epsf l;sfodf afn>dsf] ;jfnnfo{ /fli6«o tyf :yfglo ;~rf/dfwodaf6 d"n k jfxls/0fdf NofOPsf], k lzif0f tyf 5nkmn sfo{qmddf :yfglo lgsfosf ; f]tjolqm, 6«]8 o'lgogsf k ltlglw tyf ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] k :t'tls/0f tyf kl/rfng epaf6 cfk;l ;dgjo tyf ;xsfo{ j[l4 x'fb} upsf], sfo{qmdsf ;xefulaf6 afn>d cgtosf] cleofgdf cf cfkm\gf tkm{af6 nfug] k lta4tf JoQm eo{ sfo{ eo/x]sfn] afn>d cgtosf] cleofgdf ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5. afn>d cgto ug]{ kxn:j k ;~rfng epsf] o; sfo{qmdsf] lbuf]kgsf nflu afn>dlj?4sf] ;r]tgf sfo{qmddf :yfglo ; f]tjolqmsf] kl/rfngn] ;xof]u k'u]sf], ;DalGwt ;jfndf sfd ug]{ ;/f]sf/jfnfalr ;dgjo, ;xsfo{ / ;~hfn lj:tf/ epsf] ;fy} kl/of]hgfcgtu{t ptkflbt ;fdu L eljiodf ;Gbe{;fdu Lsf kdf pkof]ul x'g] epsfn] sfo{qmdsf] lbuf]kgfdf klg ;xof]u k'ub} cfpsf] 5. jn8{eo' g]kfnn] ;a}sf nflu dfgjclwsf/ sfo{qmdcgtu{t Ps ;o $) egbf a9l ; f]tjolqm tof/ kf/l afnclwsf/ dxf;lgwsf] k rf/ k ;f/ tyf k j4{g ub}{ ;ft xhf/egbf a9l jo:s / rf/ xhf/egbf a9l afnaflnsfnfo{ ;xeful u/fo{ sfo{zfnf tyf cled'vls/0f u/]sf] 5. o; ;+:yfn] cfkm"n] ug]{ x/]s sfo{qmd tyf ultljlw afnd}ql agfpfb} cfpsf pglx sf] affrg kfpg], ;+/If0f kfpg], ljsf; / ;xeflutfsf] clwsf/nfo{ ;+/If0f tyf k j4{g ub}{ cfpsf] 5. g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fo6lsf] ;fn efb!( ut] epkzrft\ g]kfndf h'lgo/ /]8qm;sf] ;fn -% dfr{!(^%_ df epsf] xf]. g]kfnsf] &% j6} lhnnfsf lzif0f ;+:yf / ;d'bfodf Jofks ;~hfnsf kdf g]kfn h'lgo/ /]8qm; ;s{nsf] :yfkgf, ljsf; / lj:tf/ epsf]] 5. g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fo6lsf] n] Joj:yf u/]cg';f/ g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fo6lsf] clegg c+usf kdf h'lgo/ / o'jf /]8qm;sf] ;+u7g / ;xeflutf k j4{g ub}{ ultljlwx df cfa4 ug]{ú pnn]v ul/psf] 5. t;y{, h'lgo/ /]8qm; ;s{ndf :jo+;]jlsf] dfgjlo zlqmnfo{ kl/rfng u/l kll8tsf] ;]jf / ;+s6fled'vtf Go"gLs/0fdf of]ubfg ug{ Pj+ nfeflgjt x'g k f]t;flxt / lbzfaf]w ug'{ cfjzos epsfn] cgt/f{li6«o dxf;+3sf] gllt tyf g]kfn /]8qm;sf] bl3{sfnlg of]hgfcg' k / /fli6«o:t/df k :t't glltsf] th'{df ul/psf] 5. xfn b]ze/ ^,@!* h'lgo/ o'jf /]8qm; ;s{n / *,@ (,&$) hgf ;b:o /x]sf 5g\. h'lgo/ tyf o'jf /]8qm; p2]zox M!= o'jf ju{nfo{ hljg /Iff tyf :jf:yo ;'/Iff;DaGwL dfgjlo ;]jfsf ;fy} hgr]tgf clej[l4sf sfo{df ;l/s /]8qm;sf l;4fgt tyf dfgjlo d"nosf] k j4{g / cgt/f{li6«o dfgjlo sfg'gsf] k rf/k ;f/ u/l /]8qm;sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df d2t k' ofpg]. #= k sf]k tyf dxfdf/l Go"gLs/0f, k"j{tof/l, p4f/ tyf /fxt sfo{df ;xof]u k' ofpg]. $= o'jf ju{nfo{ :jo+;]jfk lt ptk ]l/t u/l Ifdtf clej[l4 ;fy} b]z, sfn / kl/l:yltcg';f/ ;]jf tyf ljsf; sfo{df ;+nug u/fpg]. %= /fli6«o tyf cgt/f{li6«o ldqtf, kf/:kl/s ;xof]u, ;dembf/l, ;b\efj / zflgt clej[l4 ug]{. glltut If]q M h'lgo/ o'jf /]8qm;sf] d"n dgq d ;]jf u5'{ (I serve) egg] xf]. /]8qm;sf] d"ne"t l;4fgtcgtu{t dfgjlo ;]jfsf s'g} klg sfo{qmdnfo{ h'lgo/ /]8qm;sf] sfo{if]qsf kdf lng ;lsg5 / o;cgtu{t d'votm ^ j6f If]q 5g\ M s_ hljg /Iff Pj+ :jf:yo ;'/Iff v_ ;]jf tyf P]Soa4tf u_ /fli6«o cgt/f{li6«o ldqtf, ;dembf/l / zflgtsf nflu lziff 3_ cgt/f{li6«o dfgjlo sfg'g, dfgjlo d"nosf] k j4{g / /]8qm;sf l;4fgtsf] k rf/ k ;f/ ª_ k sf]k Joj:yfkg r_ Ifdtf clej[l4 / ;+u7g ljsf; ;b:otf k flkt M h'lgo/ /]8qm;sf] ;b:otfsf nflu =!) jflif{s z'ns lt/]/ ;b:otf k fkt ug{ ;lsg]5. Go"gtd %) hgf ;b:o epkl5 ;s{n u7g ug{ ;lsg]5. t/, lzif0f ;+:yfdf tf]lspsf] ljbfyl{ ;+Vof g} %) egbf sd epdf klg ;s{n u7g ug{ ;lsg]5. /, ;b:otf k fkt h'lgo/ ;fwf/0f;efsf ;b:o dflgg]5g\. o;} ;fwf/0f;efaf6!! hgfsf] sfo{ ;ldlt u7g ul/g]5. lzif0f ;+:yfsf h'lgo/ o'jf ;b:osf]! jif{ / ;d'bfosf o'jf ;b:osf] jif{ x'g]

10 ;+:yf ljj/0f ;+:yf ljj/0f ;g\!((# df :yfkgf eo{ afn>dlj?4 tyf afnclwsf/sf] k j4{gdf ljlegg If]qdf lqmofzln /x b} cfpsf] l;lj;n] clxn] klg lgs[i6 / hf]lvd cj:yfdf sfd ul//x]sf afnaflnsfsf] p4f/ / ;+/If0fsf nflu ljlegg ultljlw ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5. afnof}g b'jo{jxf/lj?4sf] cleofgdf klg l;lj;n] cu 0fL :yfgdf /x]/ pglx df ;r]tgf, Gofodf kx' rsf nflu hgjsfnt tyf ;xof]u klg ub}{ cfpsf] 5. o; ;+:yfsf] sfof{no sf7df8f+}l:yt a'4gu/df /x]sf] 5. gof ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #( df afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f / clwsf/af/] k fjwfg /x] klg sltko cj:yfdf sfg'gsf] cefj / sfg'gsf] lkmtnf] sfof{gjogn] cem} klg afnaflnsf >d zf]if0f, b'jo{jxf/ / lx+;fdf k/]sf] kfopsf] 5. sf7df8f+} pktosfnufot wflbª / sfe ] lhnnfdf k ToIf sfo{/t l;lj;n] b]lv afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g tyf afnclwsf/ cg'udg / ;+/If0f k 0ffnLsf] ;anls/0fsf nflu j6f lhnnfdf :yfglo afnclwsf/ / afn;+/if0fsf If]qdf sfo{/t ;+:yf;fusf] xft]dfnf] ub}{ sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5. afnclwsf/sf] jif{ cgj/t ;+3if{/t l;lj;n] ljzf]iftm tlgj6f d'vo ljifodf sfd u5{. h:t}m afn;+/if0fdf afn;+/if0fsf] cleofgdf l;lj; ljz]iftm afn>d, of}g b'jo{jxf/, zf/ll/s b08;hfo tyf a'lnªlj?4 sfd u5{. lziffsf] clwsf/df lgmz'ns tyf clgjfo{ lziffsf nflu k}/jl, afnd}ql ljbfnosf] :yfkgf / k j4{gdf sfo{ ub{5. o;}u/l, kfl/jfl/s ;zqmls/0fdf pbdzlntfsf] ljsf;, hf]lvddf /x]sf] kl/jf/sf] cfly{s tyf hlljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/, ;s/ftds cleefjsnufotdf sfo{ ub}{ cfpsf] 5. o;sf cnfjf n}+lus ;dfgtf / ;'zf;g, dlxnf / afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfsf] k j4{g / >lds dlxnfsf] clwsf/sf nflu sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5. afnclwsf/ cleofgdf l;lj;sf] kxn :yfkgf epsf] ;fn!((^ ;Dddf *,!!* hgf 3/]n' afn>ldsnfo{ cf}krfl/s lziffdf egf{sf nflu ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof]. kl5nnf] cjlw;dddf 3/]n' afn>lds tyf 3/]n' >ddf hfg] hf]lvddf /x]sf afnaflnsf u/l hddf!),@^$ hgfnfo{ ljbfno egf{ tyf z}lifs ;fdu Lx sf] ;xof]u ub}{ cfpsf] 5. ;jf]{rr cbfntdf l;lj; lgj]bs eo{ of}g b'jo{jxf/af6 kll8t aflnsfnfo{ /fhoaf6 kl/k"/0f;lxtsf] Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ;DaGwL xfn]sf] l/6sf] df km};nf epsf]. df 3/]n' afn>ldssf] kifaf6 afn>d lgif]w tyf lgodg ug]{ nfo{ sfof{gjog ug{sf nflu klxnf]k6s >d sfof{no afudtldf lkm/fbkq btf{ u/]sf]. ljlegg gu/kflnsfn] ;'?jft u/]sf] xl/of] emg8fsf] cjwf/0ff :jo+ l;lj;n] klxnf]rf]l6 lnp/ gu/kflnsfdf nu]sf] lyof] eg] afnof}g b'jo{jxf/lj?4sf] cleofg sfnf] 6f]kLdf o'jfx ;'? u/]sf] xf]. g]kfnn] ;g\!(() ;]K6]Da/!$ df afnclwsf/ ;DaGwL dxf;gwlnfo{ cg'df]bg ul/;s]kl5 afnclwsf/ cfgbf]ngn] ult lnof] / afn Sna cleofg klg ;zqm agof]. To;kZrft qmdz ljlegg afnclwsf/d'vl ;+:yfx n] afn Snax nfo{ ;xof]u ug]{ sfdsf] yfngl u/]. afn Sna ;d'bfo, ljbfno x'fb} uflj;, gu/kflnsf / lhnnf lhnnfdf v'ng yfn]. afn Snasf] sf/0f ;dfh / afnaflnsf cfkm}fdf cfpsf] kl/jt{gnfo{ cleefjs, lzifssf ;fy} cgt/f{li6«o:t/df klg ;sf/ftds kdf x]g{ yflnof] eg] ;/sf/ L:t/df klg afn SnanfO{ ckgtj u x0f ug{ ;'? eof]. xfn g]kfndf lhnnf afnsnof0f ;ldltaf6 cfj4tf lnpsf afn Snax sf] ;+Vof!& xhf/ dfly k'lu;s]sf] 5. o;}qmddf ;g\!((( df afn Snax ;Fu sfo{ ug]{ ;+:yfx alr k'nsf] sfd ug]{ lx;fan] sg;f]l6{odsf] :yfkgf eof]. kl5sf] bzsdf afn SnanfO{ ;+u7gftds kdf cl3 a9fpg] p2]zon] afn Sna ;~hfnx sf] :yfkgf afn Sna ;~hfn eof]. vf;u/l o:tf] k lqmof lhnnf:t/df ljlegg ;+:yfx n] ug{ yfn]. olta]nf;dd afn Snax cfkm\gf lhnnfl:yt lhnnf afnsnof0f ;ldltdf cfj4 x'g'kg]{ s'/fsf] k}/jl / hgr]tgf a9\bf] lyof]. lhnnf afn Sna ;~hfnx klg lhnnfsf cgo afn Sna em}f lhnnf afnsnof0f ;ldltdf g} cfj4 epsf 5g\. If]qLo / s]lgb o :t/sf] afn ;~hfnsf] cfjzostf dxz'; u/]sf] 5. afn Sna;Fu} afn Sna ;~hfnk lt klg afnaflnsf / jo:ssf] cfsif{0f a9\bf] 5. t;y{ xfn lhnnf:t/df dfq ;Lldt g/xl gu/kflnsf / uflj;:t/df klg afn Sna ;~hfnsf] :yfkgf x'g] qmdsf] yfngl eo;s]sf] 5. p2]zo Ps} ljsf;if]qdf /x]sf afn SnanfO{ ;+u7gftds kdf cl3 a9fpg ;femf d~rsf] yfngl ug{ If]qdf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] ;jfnx sf] af/]df afnaflnsf :jod\ / If]qLo tyf lhnnf:t/df /x]sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx nfo{ o;af/]df cjut u/fpg] /fli6«o afn Snj ;+hfn / lhnnf:t/lo afn Snj ;+hfn alr ;]t'sf] sfo{ ug{ ljsf; dgqfnoaf6 cfpsf] afnd}ql :yfglo zf;g sfo{qmdn] o:tf ;+hfnsf] u7g / kl/rfngsf] cfjzostf / ceof;nfo{ yk lj:t[t agfpsf] 5. ;DalGwt lgsfon] k/fdz{ ug{sf nflu rfx]sf] v08df tof/ /xg]. OG6/fS6 Snj /f]6/l Snasf] ;fgf] k xf] OG6/fS6 Sna -Interact Club_ h;n] ;fdflhs ;]jf / lxtdf sfd u5{. /f]6/l Snas} k fof]hgdf ljbfno / ;d'bfo:t/df OG6/fS6 Sna u7g ug]{ k lqmofcgtu{t g} ;+;f/el/ xhf/f}f Sna ag]sf 5g\. OG6/fS6 Sna /f]6/lsf] ljzjjofkl afn Sna xf]. o;n] ;fdflhs ;]jfsf ;fy} Snasf ;b:osf] JolQmTj / g]t[tj ljsf;df d2t k' ofpf5. cd]l/sfsf] km\nf]l/8fdf ;+;f/sf] klxnf] OG6/fS6 Sna ag]sf] lyof]. ;g\!(^@ df :yflkt o; Snakl5 ljlegg /fi6«df o;sf] ;~hfn km}nfb} uof]. cfh ljzje/sf Ps ;o $) b]zdf!$ xhf/ gf} ;o ^# Sna :yfkgf eo;s]sf 5g\. ljzjsf tlg nfv $$ xhf/ Ps ;o $( o'jf OG6/fS6 -Interactor_ sf kdf ol Snadf cfa4 ep/ lrlgg5g\. g]kfndf xfn Ps ;o bz j6f OG6/fS6 Sna 5g\. ol ;a} Snasf] /fd f] ljsf; / ;kmntfsf nflu OG6/fS6 l8l:6«s sfplg;n -Interact District Council_ :yfkgf ul/psf]

11 afn /rgf afn /rgf afnlbj;sf] ;Gbe{ kf/]/ k sflzt g'jfulsf nflu ljlegg lhnnfsf ljbfyl{ efoalxglx af6 k fkt n]v /rgfx k"jl{ kxf8l e]udf v':df eghofªsf] ;dtn efudf v/n] 5fPsf] g]kfnsf] Pp6f ;fgf] 3/ 5. ;]tf] /+u kf]ltpsf] To; 3/sf] cufl8kl sf] ;fg] km'naf/ln] 3/sf] zf]ef a9folbpsf] 5. jl/kl/ km'n}km'nsf af]6x em'ln/x]sf 5g\ eg] 3/k5fl8 s/];faf/l 5. 3/sf] dflynnf] tnfsf] afb{nlaf6 v':df eghofªsf] dgf]/d kxf8l b[zosf] cjnf]sg ub}{ cfggb cg'ej ug{ ;lsg5. s[i0fk ;fb kmn} rfdf a;]/ /fdfo0fsf Znf]s kf7 ul//x]sf 5g\. pgsl ktgl /fwf efg;fdf Znf]s ;'Gb}, vfgf ksfp b} l5g\. olqs}df /fwf / s[i0fsf] ^ jif{sf] 5f]/f] /fd leqaf6 pk m b} aflx/ cfp/ es'g8f] vf]hg yfn5. x]bf{ ;'vl nfug] of] kl/jf/nfo{ nidln] eg] lt/:sf/ u/]sl l5g\. ul/alsf sf/0f Ps 5fs uhf]{ 6fg{ klg pglx nfo{ d'l:sn k/]sf] 5. cfly{s cefjsf sf/0f 5f]/f]nfO{ lzlift t'nofpg] wf]sf] ck"0f{ /fvg afwo 5g\ ol bdktl. vfgf vfg cfpg'xf];\ x},ú /fwf efg;faf6 s/fp l5g\. vfgf vf b} ubf{ /fwfn] elgg\, Zofdsf] ;kmntf b]vbf 5Ss nfu5, lxhf];dd dfu]/ vfg] Tof] kl/jf/df ljb]zaf6 lkm/]kl5, cfkm} /f}gs 5fPsf] 5, xh'/ klg ljb]z hfg'xf];\ t s;/l egf} < t/, r'n} gannf h:tf] 5.Ú /fwfsf ol s'/f ;'g]kl5 s[i0f eg5g\, dnfo{ klg To:t} nfub} 5, ca ;f]rf} nf.ú vfgf vfo;s]kl5 ;a} cf cfˆgf sfddf nfu5g\. To;sf] s]xl dlxgfkl5 s[i0fk ;fb sfd vf]hb} ckmuflg:tfgtkm{ nfu5g\. gtf;f s];l o'kl O+lUn; ;]= :s'n rffu'gf/fo0f gkf &, eqmk'/ cgfof;} cfh rls{of] 5ftL, cfdfnfo{ ;Dem]/ g]kfn cfdf /f]og\ ls ;fob d} / ceflugl. zflgtnfo{ ;Dem]/ q sljtf dfofsf] df]n s[i0f lab]l;pkl5 /fwfn] 5f]/fnfO{ ufp s} ljbfnodf k9\g k7fo{ ;fx'sf] C0f lt/]/ u'hf/f u/]sl l5g\. s[i0fsf af/]df pgl ;bf lrlgtt /xlg5g\. Ps l5g ;dfrf/ ;'lg/x]sl a]nf ckmuflg:tfgdf elif0f o'4 rln/x]sf] s'/f ;'Gbf pgl a]r}g x'lg5g\. Ps lbg /fwf 5f]/fnfO{ ljbfno lnp/ hf b} x'lg5g\. crfgs Ps ckl/lrt JolQm cfp/ ;f]w5, s] tkfo{ s[i0fk ;fbsl >LdtL x'g'x'g5 <Ú pgl cf lqb} elg5g\, xf] t, s] eof] <Ú To; JolQmn] Pp6f lr L lbp/ hfg5 h;df s[i0fsf] d[to'sf] va/ n]lvpsf] x'g5. s]xl lbgkl5 s[i0fsf] nf; cfp 5. /fwfsf] kl/jf/ Zff]sdf 8'A5. la:tf/}!# lbgsf] sfd klg k"/f x'g5. kltsf] k/nf]s / ;fx'sf] dfgl;s oftgfn] /fwf kll8t x'lg5g\. 3/hUuf a]r]/, ;fx'sf] C0f lt/]/ pgl gof ufp df ;l5{g\. hxf pgsf] ;DklQsf] gfddf 3/hUuf s]xl 5}g. ;'?df t jgsf] af; d zflgt s[ltsf cf]nl siff!) g]s;;\ OG6/g];gn Ps]8]dL, k]k;lsf]nf ;ldempf lbg latfpsf tl, cfdfsf] sfvdf /d]/ s] u F < ug{ s]xl ;lsfg, k/b]zdf a;]/ cfdfsf] dfof dgdf /fvl, k/b]zdf?fb} 5' Tof] dft[e"ld 5f8]/ a:g, d afwo x'fb} 5'. ux' Fuf] ef] dg, leh]5 gog, g]kfnsf] dfofn] cfpm g zflgt kms]{/ eg5, lxdfnl 5fofn] k/]jf cfh cfp/ egof], g]kfn cfdfn] ;ldemg\ /]. ;f/f g]kfnlsf] b}nf]df cfo{, vf]o zflgt elg5g\ /]. cfdfnfo{ ;DemL?G5' d klg, t/ k/b]zdf s}bl 5'. cfˆg} g]kfnl bfh'efosf lgldt, k/b]zl eolbg5' bfh}n] a]r], efon] a]rof], d zflgt ljb]zl bnfnnfo{ oxl a; ltdl, gcfpg' kmsl{ egb}yof] dnfo{ ;+3if{ u/, ljb f]x u/, wl/ e} ltdl w}o{ u/ cfdf clg d cfpg] k tliff u/ ltdln] lht] of] o'4 ddtfsf], d xf:fb} cfpg]5' cfdfsf] sfvdf hfg' 5 egb}, d gfrb} cfpg]5'. x'g5, t/ la:tf/} pgl 5f]/f] lnp/ ufp lt/ kl:5g\. pgl Ps c;xfo ljwjf x'g\. o;} s'/fsf] kmfobf lng] ljrf/n] Toxf sf] d'lvofn] pgnfo{ 3/ nul sfdwgbf cx fpg yfn5. ;fgf ;fgf lgx' lems]/ d'lvofn] p;nfo{ zf/ll/s tyf dfgl;s oftgf lbg kl5 kb}{g.!% jif{sf] slnnf] pd]/df g} j}jflxs ;"qdf af lwpsl /fwfn] eg] /fdnfo{ of] s'/faf6 6f9f /fvl k9\g k7fp l5g\. ;fx'sf] lgd{d oftgfaf6 ql;t pgl 5f]/fsf] eljiosf nflu efu]/ /fdnfo{ ;x/df dg ldng] afno ;x]nl ;'ldqfsf] 3/df 5f8]/ kmls{g5g\ / cgoq a;fof ;/]/ dhb'/lsf] sfddf ;+nug x'lg5g\. slnnf] pd]/d} b'mvsf sf/0f xf85fnf dfq epsl /fwfnfo{ 5f]/fs} lrgtf x'g5. otf, /fdrflxf x'ls+{b} hfg5 / ;x/sf] /demdsf sf/0f cfdfnfo{ e'nb} hfg5. p;n] cfdfnfo{ ofb ug]{ sf]l;; klg slxno} ub}{g. h] ep klg pm k9fodf eg] lgs} t]lhnf] 5. p;n] k9\b} hf bf P;Pn;L klg /fd f] lhlkpsf ;fy pql0f{ u/l Joj:yfkg ljifo k9\g yfn5. k9fosf qmddf pts[i6 l8u L xfl;n u/]kl5 hflu/ vfp/ ;fgk"0f{ hljgofkg u5{. 5f]/fsf] k ultaf6 v';l x' b} e]6\g eg]/ /fwf ;x/ hflg5g\. af6f]df /fdnfo{ b]lv5g\, t/ /fdn] pgnfo{ lrgb}g. x]bf{x]b}{ 6«sn] /fdnfo{ lsrg nfubf pgl cufl8 cfp/ lslrlg5g\ / a]xf];\ xlg5g\. pgsf] Pp6f xft r' l8g5, t/ xf]; v'n]kl5 /fdnfo{ vf]hb} hf bf ;'ldqf; u e]6 x'g5 / pgl /fdsf] 3/ hflg5g\. a]n'sf /fd sfof{noaf6 cfp bf /fwfnfo{ b]v]/ tl;{g5. ;'ldqfn] cfdf x'g\ egl lrgfpg vf]hbf o:tl e"th:tl d]/l cfdf x}gg\ú egb} 3/ lgsfnf u5{. To;kl5 /fwf? b}? b} Pp6f j[4f>ddf up/ al:5g\. Ps lbg /fd crfgs la/fdl k5{. c:ktfn nu]/ hrfp bf lduf{}nf lau ]sf] x'g5. of] va/ /fwfn] klg ;'lg5g\ / 5f]/fsf] Hofg arfpg cfˆgf] lduf{}nf lbp/ hflg5g\. xf];df cfpkl5 otfptf xbf{ /fdn] l;/fgldf Pp6f sfuh b]v5. To;nfO{ vf]n]/ x]bf{ pm em;+u x'g5. Toxf n]lvpsf] x'g5, ltd f a'afsf] lgwgkl5 b'mv n'sfp b} ltdlnfo{ ;x/ k7fp. km]l/ ltdlnfo{ 6«sn] lsrg nfubf cfkm" lslrp/ ltdlnfo{ arfp / To;}a]nf d]/f] Pp6f xft u'dof]. ltdl la/fdl k/]sf] ;'g]/ d lduf{}nf lbg cfpsl lyp. ltdln] dnfo{ h:tf] Jojxf/ u/] klg ltd f] pggltsf] sfdgf u5'{ / d]/f] cfzljf{b ltdlnfo{ lb b} h'glel/nfo{ labf dfu5'===.ú olt k9]kl5 pm kzrfqfksf] clugdf hn5, cfdf vf]h5, t/ l9nf] eo;s]sf] x'g5 / cfkm"nfo{ lwssfb}{ eg5, untl u/] cfdf, dfkm kfpm, t/ csf]{ hgddf d ltd f] 5f]/f] x'g kfpm / ltdl g} d]/l cfdf x'g' x} ÛÆ v/fof]sf] Gofo ;';g k wfg siff M * cd/ Hof]lt dflj, gfufh'{g!#, :o'rf6f/, sf7df8f}+ Psfb]zdf Pp6f ufpfdf a6'jfn] af6f]df lx 8\b} ubf{ ulx/f] vf8ndf km;]sf] af3nfo{ b]v]5. af3n] pdsgsf lgldt To; a6'jfnfo{ u'xf/]5. a6'jfnfo{ af3sf]] b'b{zf b]v]/ b'mv t nfu]5, t/ olb af3nfo{ lgsflnlb P eg] pn6} cfkm"nfo{ g} vfoxfng] kf] xf] ls egg] s'/fn] lgs} 8/ nfuof]. af3n] a6'jfnfo{ eg]5, lagtl 5, To:tf] g;f]rg'xf];\ Û d tkfo+{nfo{ rf]6 k' ofpg]5}g Û s[kof d]/f] ljzjf; ug'{xf];\.ú af3sf] Tof] bofnfubf] af]nln] ubf{ a6'jfnfo{ ljzjf; nfuof]. a6'jfn] vfn8f]df Pp6f d'9f v;fn]/ af3nfo{ d2t u of]. t/, vf8ndf s]xl lbg;dd ef]s} /x]sf] af3 d'9fdf r9]/ aflx/ lg:sg]lalqs} Tof] a6'jfnfo{ dfg]{ p2]zon] cufl8 plep5. Tof] a6'jf 5Ss kb}{ af3nfo{ o;f] eg]5, cf]o, o;/l a}u'g ug{ ldn5 < vfn8f]df k:bfv]l/ d}n] ltdlnfo{ 5'6sf/f ul/lbpsf] Tof] u'gnfo{ la;]{/ ltdl pn6} ddfly emld6g kf] vf]hb} 5f} < of] Gofo;+ut 5 ls 5}g egg] s'/f ;Nnfsf] vnfo{ ;f]wl x]/f}f.æ b'j}hgf Gofosf nflu ;Nnfsf] vsxf hfg5g\. ;a} cj:yf ;'g]kl5 ;Nnfsf] vn] o;f] eg5, lgm;gb]x af3sf] s'/f l7s xf]. dflg;x udl{ x' bf d]/f] 5fofdf cfp/ d:t cf/fd u5{g\, t/ cgtodf d]/} xf uf sf6]/ n}hfg5g\.ú a}u'gl af3n] ;Nnfsf] s'/f ;'g]/ d'v ld7\ofp b} a6'jflt/ clu a9\5. ca a6'jf cqflnfb} b]p/fnllt/ rb}{ u/]sf] uf]?nfo{ Psk6s ;f]wf} egof]. t/, uf]?n] klg af3nfo{ k fyldstf lbg5. Tof] a6'jf 6Ss pleg5 / cfkm" af3sf] cfxf/f x'g nfu]sf] s'/f ;f]rb5. ToxL ;dodf a'?s a'?s pk mfb}, v/fofn] ;f]w5, s] eof] <Ú. ta pglx sf] s'/f Wofgk"j{s ;'g]kl5 v/fof]n] 6fpsf] xnnfp b} eg5, tkfo{ x sf] s'/f ;'Gbf klg dnfo{ oyfy{ 36gf /fd /L yfxf epg. To;}n] olb tkfo+{x klxnfsf] cj:yfdf a:g'eof] eg] ann d lg0f{o ug{ ;S5'.Ú af3 Tof] sfo{ vf;} ufx f] 5}g egb} vfn8f]leq em\jfdd xfd kmfn5. ta v/fof]n] To; a6'jfnfo{ o;f] eg5, tkfo+{sf] u'gnfo{ af3n] a'em\g g;s]sfn] To;nfO{ lgsfln/xg cfjzos 5}g\. tkfo+{ TolQs} hfg'xf];\.æ ca af3 km]l/ vfn8f]df g} km;]sfn] aflx/ lg:sg ;s]g. v/fof] a'?s a'?s pk m b} h+untkm{ nfu5 / Tof] a6'jf klg cfkm\gf] af6f] nfu5. Doctor Tom Doctor Tom Doctor Tom q Jokes Anish Limbu Gyankunj English School, Talchhikhel,Lalitpur Class:6 : I regret to tell you have a brain tumor. : Yes! (Jumps with joys) : Did you understand what I just told you? : Yes, of course. Do you think I am dumb? : Then, why are you so happy? : Because it proves that I have a brain. jt{dfg ;do of] b]z g]kfn lbs]z lkof siff M ( lrtjg O+lUn; cfjf;lo dflj lrtjg xl/ofnl k s[ltn] el/psf] of] b]z ;'Gb/tf /d0flo / dgdf]xs of] b]z pq/df rlds/x]sf lxd kj{tsf] of] b]z blif0fdf xl/of] rf/sf];] emf8l epsf] of] b]z.. uf}td a'4 hgd]sf] zfgt / ;flng b]z ;Ltfn] cfbz{ 5f]8]sf] of] b]z e[s'6lsf] dfofn' dfotl of] b]z aneb / eld;]gn] jl/ pkgfd kfpsf] of] b]z.. uf}8f, xfql, s:t'/l / d}gf v]ng] of] b]z h8la'6lsf] e08f/ epsf] of] b]z hn; f]tsf] wgl of] b]z ljzj zflgtsf] blk k Hjlnt of] b]z.. q sljtf t[ktf >]i7 siff M!) afns'df/l O+lUn; :s'n gf/fo0fu9, lrtjg u5f+}{ xfdl uj{ cufl8 c sf] u'gufg ufp bf jl/ uf]vf{nlx sf] v';l x' b} a:5ff} x]/l ljutsf kfgf b]vb}gf} xfdl ldlrpsf] /fi6«sf] l;dfgf.. ;f]r5f}f xfdl a'4 xf], b]zsf] zfg eg5f}f e[s'6l / ;Ltf xfd } dfg t/, yfxf 5}g s;}nfo{ g]kfnl r]nl df/]sf] b]vb}gff} xfdl 5f]/LnfO{ gf/slo hljg lhpg afwo kf/]sf].. x'g5 / ljsf; ljb]zlsf] ctofrf/ ;x]/ ;w}fnfo{ k'u5 / ToxL ;u/dfyf ep/ ;'g]/ t a}/f e}of], b]v]/ klg cgwf hxf up lg cfp 5 clxn] e i6frf/sf] ugw.. ;lxbsf] cftdf e6\lspsf] 5 ljsf;sf] vf]hldf t/ To;sf nflu k};f 5 s;sf] vntldf ljb]z uo{ /ut kl;gf aufpg' egbf a]; :jb]zdf g} a;l ljsf; u/f} xfd f] Kof/f] b]z

12 ljrf/d~r ljrf/d~r ;ljgf rf}w/l Uf ]kmf]8{ ;fu/ :s'n siff!) s';'d /fpt 1fg;fu/ O+lUn; :s'n siff!) afn lbj;sf] ;Gbe{ kf/]/ xfdln] s]xl ljbfnosf ljbfyl{x ;Fu ;f]w]sf lyof}f tkfo{fnfo{ cfkm"egbf 7"nfn] s:tf] Jojxf/ ul/lbp x'gyof] / s:tf] rfflx gul/lbp x'gyof] <Ú k fkt ljljw hjfkmx o; k6ssf] ljrf/d~rdf ;+j]u kf]v/]n ;]G6 kf}n OG6/g];gn :s'n siff!) ;'jl{ sfsl{ k ult lziff ;bg prr dfwolds ljbfno siff ( d}n] eg]sf] jf rfx]sf] s'/fdf d]/f] 3/kl/jf/n] gfof gegl ;fy lbg'epsf] a]nfdf /fd f] nfu5. slxn]sfxlf a'afddln] 3/af6 aflx/ hfg lbg' epg eg] dnfo{ lbss nfu5. lzifsx n] dfof t ug'{x'g5 t/ slxn]sfxlf e]befj ug'{epsf] h:tf] dx;'; x'g5. lzifsaf6 o:tf] ck]iff vf;} u/]sf] x'flbgf. k9\g] d'8 gx'fbf a'afddln] k9\ k9\ egg'x' bf g/fd f] nfu5. l6el x]g{ jf v]ng dg eo/xfbf k9\gsf nflu ha/h:tl ubf{ l/; p7\5. xfd f cleefjsn] xfdlnfo{ k9\gsf nflu ha/h:tl u/]sf] dg kb}{g. k9\g'k5{ eg]/ Tolt aflx/ klg hfg lbg'x'gg. ;fylx sf]df up/ k9\5' egbf klg kb}{g eg]/ ufnl ug'{x'g5. ;lkª ug{, v]nx v]ng klg agb]h nufpg'x'g5. h'g s'/f dnfo{ k6ss} dg kb}{g. s]6f ;fylx slxn] 3/df cfp eg] /fd f] dfgg'x'gg. 7"nfn] a'em]/ klg ga'em] h:tf] Jojxf/ b]vfpsf] d ;xg ;lsbgf. dnfo{?lr epsf 7"nfsf] cg'dlt gkfpkl5 ug{ kfp lbg. pxf x sf] ;f]rdf kl/jt{g cfp x'gyof] egg] rfxg5'. 7"nf] dfg5]n] cfkm"egbf ;fgf]nfo{ dfof u/]sf] dg k5{ t/ x]k]/ af]n]sf] / s'g} b'o{alr e]befj u/]sf] klg k6ss} /fd f] nfub}g. 7"nf]n] xfd f] ;'/Iff, x]/ljrf/ u/]sf] dg k5{. d]/f] untl ;Rofpg] dflg; klg dnfo{ dg k5{. xfd f] s'/f ;'gfpg] dfxf}n agfolbg' eof] eg] klg /fd f] nfu5. 7"nf dfg5]n] ldqjt Jojxf/ u/]sf] /fd f] nfu5. d}n] ;f]w]sf] s'/fdf emsf]{ gdfgl v'n]/ elglbg'epsf] dg k5{. s'g} sfd ug{'k"j{ lgb]{zg lbp/ unt sfd ul//x]s]f ep ;xl lbzftkm{ k ]l/t ug]{ pxffx sf] afgl emg} l7s nfu5. slxn]sfxlf sdko'6/df cfkm\g} ;'/df u]d v]ln/x]sf] x'g5'. PSsfl; a'afddln] ufnl ug'{x' bf g/fd f] nfu5. ufnl r}f gul/lbg'ep x'gyof] egg] nfu5. dnfo{ d]/f a'afddln] w]/} dfof ug'{epsf] dg k5{. d}n] eg]sf ;a} s'/f k"/f ul/lbg'x'g5. dnfo{ ufx f] k/]sf] a]nf ;fy lbg'x'g5. b'mv egg] s'/fsf] cg'e"lt dnfo{ pxf x n] ug{ lbg'epsf] 5}g. of] kif dnfo{ Psbd /fd f] nfu5. d slxno} g/fd f] sfd ulb{gf. clxn];dd pxf x n] ufnl ug]{ jf lk6\g] af6f] d}n] lbph:tf] klg nfub}g. d w]/} ;do k9\gdf Jo:t x'g5' / u]dx klg Tolt v]lnbgf. d]/f] 3/kl/jf/df epsf ;b:on] jf :s'ns} lzifsn] ;fylh:tf] Jojxf/ u/]sf] dnfo{ clt dg k5{. d]/f] efjgfsf ;fy} d]/f cfjzostfnfo{ klg Vofn /fvg'epdf v';l x'g5'. dnfo{ h'g s'/f /fd f] nfu5 Tof] s'/fdf /f]sfj6 gul/lbg'ep x'gyof]. d]/f] OR5f ljbfnodf x'g] gfrufg sfo{qmddf ;xeful x'g' xf]. pxf x o:tfvfn] sfo{qmddf efu glng' egg'x'g5 h'g s'/f dnfo{ dg kb}{g. 7"nf dfg5]n] unt af6f]df gnfu, v/fa ;fylsf] ;+ut gu/, k9fodf Wofg b]pm / s]6fx sf] nx}nx}df gnfu eg]/ ;Demfpg'ePsf] s'/f dnfo{ /fd f] nfu5. pxf x n] ;'emfpsf s'/f ;sf/ftds g} 7fG5'. d]/f] x/]s OR5f rfxgfsf] sb/ ug'{x'g5. 7"nf] dfg5]nfo{ ;fgf]sf] s'/f a]jf:tf gul/lbp x'gyof] egg] nfu5. d egbf 7"nf dfg5]n] dfof ubf{, /fd f] sfd u/, /fd f]; u k9 egbf, d}n] u/]sf] untldf gxksfo, gs/fo ;DemfpFbf /fd f] nfu5. slxn]sfxlf k/liff lau bf ufnl gug'{ ep x'gyof] egg] nfu5. c?n] u/]sf] untldf klg dnfo{ s/fpg'epsf] a]nf g/fd f] nfu]sf] lyof]. o;/l s'/f g} ga'eml untl gu/]sf] a]nfdf ufnl gul/lbg'ep x'gyof] h:tf] nfu5. ;kmn l3ld/] cf]d]uf prr dfwolds ljbfno siff ^ dgh' nfdf gd'gf dl5gb dfwolds ljbfno siff ( clg;f u'?ª cfbz{ sgof lgs]tg prr dfwolds ljbfno siff ( Pln;f lji6 k ult cfbz{ O+lUn; :s'n siff * ;lagf e lgof]nf]lhog Ps]8]dL siff * Pln;f a:g]t Goftfkf]n dfwolds ljbfno siff ( l;d g nfu] sflnsf prr dfwolds ljbfno siff & l/hg /lghtsf/ afu]zj/l prr dfwolds ljbfno siff & l; oª\sf af]u6l Vjlk ª O+lUn; Ps]8]dL siff & ;f}/j sf]h" n8{ a'4 O+lUn; ;]s]g8/l :s'n siff!) 7"nf dfg5]n] dnfo{ ;fy lbg'x' bf /fd f] nfu5. pxf x n] dl7f] jrg ul/lbg'epsf] c;fwo} dg k5{. d}n] cff6\g nfu]sf] sfddf lj/f]w gug'{ 'ep x'gyof] egg] nfu5. dnfo{ :jtgq jftfj/0fdf 5f8\g'ePsf] /fd f] nfu5 / grflxg] sfddf s/fpg'epsf] eg] dg kb}{g. dnfo{ ufnl u/]sf] dg kb}{g. a? dfofn] ;Demfpg'ePsf] dg k5{. d]/f] ;d:of a'em]/ To;df dnfo{ ;fy lbg'eof] eg] v';l nfu5. pxf x ; u 3'nldn ep/ s'/fx cfbfgk bfg ug]{ jftfj/0f epsf] /fd f] nfu5. d}n] ug{ nfu]sf] sfo{df afwf gul/lbg'ep x'gyof] h:tf] nfu5. a? ;DemfOa'emfO dnfo{ xf};nf lbg'ep x'gyof]. dnfo{ pxf x n] dfof ubf{ ;fx } v';l nfu5. kl9/xfbf s'g} afwf gul/lbg'epsf] dg k5{. d}n] rfx]sf cfjzostf k"/f ul/lbg'epsf] /fd f] nfu5. dnfo{ ck7\of/f] k/]sf] a]nf jf pxf x sf] ;fysf] cfjzostf epsf] a]nfdf d]/f] ;Dks{df x'g'xf];\ egg] nfu5. 7"nf dfg5]n] d]/f] OR5f cfsf+iff ;a} k"/f ul/lbg'eof] eg] v';l x'g5'. ;fgf] untldf klg dfkm ul/lbg] / To;nfO{ ;'wfg]{ cj;/ lbg'epdf /fd f] nfu5. ;fy}, xfdlegbf 7"nf dfg5]df c nfo{ klg ;xof]u ug]{ efjgf epsf] dg k5{. h;af6 xfdln] klg w]/} s'/f l;sg] df}sf kfp 5f}. d}n] u/]sf] sfddf s/fpfbf To:tf] gul/lbg'ep x'gyof] egg] nfu5. :s'naf6 lzifsx n] kl/of]hgf sfo{ lbg'x'g5. To;sf] nflu sdko'6/ k of]u ubf{ s'/} ga'eml xksfpg'x'g5'. pxf x n] o:tf] sfddf s'/f ga'eml gs/fpg'ep x'gyof] h:tf] nfu5. ;fgf] ;fgf] untl ubf{ klg ufnl ug'{x'g5 h'g dnfo{ dg kb}{g. dnfo{ 7"nfn] dfof u/]sf] dg k5{. pxf x n] st} 3'dfpg nug'epsf] a]nf w]/} v';l nfu5. pxf x n] ufnl gul/lbg'ep gs'6] x'gyof] h:tf] nfu5. ;fylx ; u 3'Dg hf bf s]xl gelglbp x'gyof]. d]/f] dgdf epsf s'/f pxffx ;fd' /fvg ;Sg] jftfj/0f lbg'ep x'gyof] egg] nfu5. k/liffdf klg yf]/} gda/ Nofof] eg]/ ufnl ug'{x'g5 h'g s'/f Tolt /fd f] nfub}g. dnfo{ 6]an6]lg; v]ng dg k5{. d]/f] cleefjsn] k9 k9 dfq} gegl ltdl k9 klg 6]an 6]lg; v]n klg egg'eof] eg] Hofb} cfggb dx;'; u5'{. d}n] pxf x nfo{ cfb/ ug]{ / dnfo{ t t ug]{ klg x'g'epg. d}n] ug]{ x/]s sfddf jf d]/f] :jefj, nufj a'em]/ xf};nf lbg'epsf] /dfonf] 7fG5'. dnfo{ w]/} s/ u/]sf] dg kb}{g. x/]s s'/fdf gxf]rofpg'ep x'gyof] egg] nfu5. c?sf ;fd" d]/f] af/] g/fd f] s'/f u/]sf] t emg} dg kb}{g. pxf x n] d]/f] efjgfsf] sb/ u/l d s'g jftfj/0fdf k9\g ;S5' egg] s'/fdf Wofg lbg'epsf] /fd f] nfu5. cleefjsx sf] emu8fn] xfdlnfo{ slt ulx/f] c;/ k5{ egg] ga'eml x/]s lbg emu8f ug]{ pxffx sf] Jojxf/;Fu lbss nfu5. lzifsn] x/]s s'/fdf xf};nf lbg'epdf v';l nfu5. pxf x n] r'/f]6, /S;Lh:tf xflgsf/s s'/f gvfg'ep x'gyof] egg] nfu5. a'afddln] d}n] rfx]sf] s'/f k' ofolbg'eof] eg] cfggb nfu5. dnfo{ ;d:of k/]sf] a]nf d2t ul/lbg'ep v';l nfu5. cfkm" PSnf] epsf] If0f jf b'mvl epsf] ;dodf ;fy, dfof / ;xof]u ug'{eof] eg] c;fwo} /fd f] nfu5. w]/} srsr u/]sf] dg kb}{g. d]/f] OR5fljk/Lt s]xl s'/f ug'{eof], rflxpsf] s'/f k"/f epg eg] l/; p7\5. aflx/ ;fylx ; u 3'Dg hfg dg nfu5, t/ 3/af6 k7fpg'x' b}g / Toltv]/ klg ;fx } gdhhf nfu5. 7"nf dfg5]n] dnfo{ of] sfd ;xl xf] / of] unt xf] egg] h:tf s'/fdf dfu{bz{g lbg'x' bf dg k km'nn x'g5. d}n] ug]{ x/]s sfddf k f]t;fxg ug'{epsf] dg k5{. d]/f] OR5f / ;kgfnfo{ k"/f ul/lbg'ep /fd f] nfu5. d}n] ug{ nfu]sf] sfddf cj/f]w gk' ofpg'ep x'gyof] egg] nfu5. 3/df k9\g] jftfj/0fsf] /fd f] agbf]a:tl epdf /fd f] nfu5. cfkm"egbf 7"nf dfg5]n] w]/} dfof / :ofxf/ u/]sf] /fd f] nfu5. dnfo{ d]/f cleefjsn] dfof t ug'{x'g5, t/ hlt ug'{x'g5 c sf] egbf a9l g} dfof ug'{xf];\ h:tf] nfu5. To:t} lzifsaf6 klg c ljbfyl{nfo{ egbf klg dnfo{ a9l dxtj lboof];\ egg] nfu5. 7"nf dfg5]n] dnfo{ w]/} glkl6lbp x'gyof] egg] rfxg5'. lagfuntl c;dembf/lsf sf/0f klg ufnl gul/lbg'ep x'gyof]. 7"nf dfg5]n] ldng;f/ Jojxf/ u/]sf] /fd f] nfu5. w]/} gs/fpsf], ufnl gu/]sf] dg k5{. cfkm"egbf 7"nf] dfg5]n] Ps cfk;df emu8f gu/]sf] /fd f] nfu5. d]/f cleefjsn] k9\gsf nflu zfgt jftfj/0f k bfg ul/bpmg\ egg] rfxg5'. cfkm"nfo{ ug{ dg nfu]sf] sfd gu/ egbf dgkb}{g. hfg dg nfu]sf] 7fp df ghfpm / vfg dg nfu]sf] lrh gvfpm egbf g/fd f] nfu5. 7"nf] dfg5]n] ltdl ;fg} 5f}, s]xl ug{ ;Sb}gf} eg]sf] s'/f dg kb}{g. pxf x n] ;+:sf/ l;sfpgdf hf]8 lbg'ep x'gyof] egg] nfu5. k ljlwsf] o'udf k fom u[xsfo{ klg k ljlwd} cfwfl/t /x]/ ug'{kg]{ x'g5. Tolta]nf xfd f cleefjsn] Tolt a'lemlbg'x' b}g. hltv]/ klg sdko'6/s} cufl8 al;/xg] eg]/ ufnl ug'{x'g5. To;f] gelglbg'ep x'gyof] egg] nfu5. jiff{ v8\sf P8\efG; Ps]8]dL siff!) cgh' /f]ssf Pe/]:6 klans Ps]8]dL siff ( /lzd /f]ssf hof prr dfwolds ljbfno siff ( dlgif ;fksf]6f k fod Ps]8]dL siff!) ldln;f >]i7 lj/f6 af]l8{ª :s'n siff & uf}/js'df/ sfsl{ km\o'r/ :6f/;{ xfo{ :s'n siff!) 20 21

13 afn /rgf afn /rgf e]l6psf] lstfa klagf sfsl{ siff & a]:6 u' k lehg O+lUn; :s'n 7' nf] ;x/sf] el8ef8df x/fpsl ;dfo/f kl8fn] ylst lyog\. cf7 jif{sl x' bf pgsf] kl/jf/n] pgsf] ljjfx ul/lbpsf lyp. Pp6f!% jif{sf] l76f] lx/fnfn; u pgsf] ljjfx epsf] lyof]. ljjfxsf Ps b'o{ b[zo dfq pgnfo{ ;Demgf 5g\ h;n] ubf{ pgl Tof] l76f]nfo{ cfˆgf] klt :jlsf/ ul5{g\. ;dfo/fsf] nf]ug] ca l76f] 5}g, a'9f] b]lvg5. p;n] vfg] u/]sf] /S;Ln] p;}nfo{ vfp/ a'9f] agfo/x]sf] lyof]. ;dfo/fdf afnosfnsf] r~rntf g} cfpg kfpsf] lypg. ;fg}df To; 3/df lelqpsl ;dfo/fn] ;w} kl/jf/sf] x]kfo ;xg k of]. ;fg}df cfdfsf] ddtfsf] cffrnaf6 plds;s]kl5 ;dfo/fnfo{ s;}sf] 5xf/L lypg. ;f;"n] cx fpsf] 3/sf wgbfn] pgsf slnnf xftdf 3fj}3fp epsf], l5lkpsfh:tf b]lvgy]. kl/jf/n] vfp/ ar]sf] vfgf vf bf vf bf pgsf] z/l/df klg xf8 dfq ar]sf] lyof]. nf]ug]n] ;w} /S;L wf]s]/ lk6\bf, n5fbf{ klg pgl ;x]/} al:yg\. pgsf afa'cfdfn] l;sfpsf s'/f ;Dem]/ pgl lrq a'emfpflyg\. c ; u cfˆgf] u'gf;f] ubf{ cfˆg} nf]ug]sf] OHht hfg5 egg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof]. o;/l g} x'ls{psl ;dfo/f!% jif{ k'lug\. ca t pgsf] nf]ug] pgl c ; u af]nbf klg z+sf ug{] / l/;fpg] epsf] lyof]. pgnfo{ c ; u af]n]sf] b]vof] eg] ufnl ug{], s'6\g];dd klg uyof{]. Tof] nf]ug]n] ;dfo/fnfo{ 3/leq dfq ;Lldt /fvof]. pgnfo{ cfˆg} 3/ lkfh8f agfolbof]. o;/l g} ;w} sf] s'6lk6 / ufnl ;x]/ lbg lalt/x]sf] lyof]. Ps lbg k'/fgf] sfuh af]tn lsgg] Pp6f dw];l s/fp b} 3/ cufl8 cfof]. sfuh af]tn, kmnfdsf] 6's f.ú nf]ug]n] lkp/ /fv]sf vfnl af]tn ;dfo/fn] To; dw];lnfo{ a]lrlbog\. To;} ;dodf ;dfo/fn] dw];l; u epsf] Pp6f lstfa b]lvg\. pgn] Tof] lstfa To; dw];l; u dflug\. dw];ln] lstfa lbg dfg]sf] lypg. pgn] Pp6f af]tn; u lstfa ;f6\g] eg]kl5 dw];l /fhl siff;dd dfq k9\g kfpsl ;dfo/f cif/ eg] /fd /L lrgblyg\. ;dfo/f ca To; agb 9f]sfleq a;]/ lstfa k9\g nflug\. lstfaleqsf] syf / ;dfo/fsf] Joyf ldng uof]. k"/} lstfa kl9;s]kl5 eg] ;dfo/fdf kl/jt{g cfof]. nf]ug]sf] OHht /x] cfˆgf] OHht /xg5 egg] ljrf/ af]s]sl ;dfo/f ca eg] xf];\ cfph:tl eog\. oltgh]n cgwsf/df affr]sf] h:tf] pgnfo{ eof]. pgn] a'lemg\ ls pgl zf]if0fdf af lr/x]sl l5g\. pgn] zf]if0flj?4 nfug] k ]/0ff klg lstfaaf6} kfog\. lgs} lbgsf] ;f]rljrf/ kl5 pgl cgofolj?4 n8\g] lgisif{df k'lug\. pgn] ;fx; h'6fog\ / Ps lbg /fd f] tof/l ul/g\. pgsf] nfug] 3/df /S;Lsf] af]tn lnp/ l5g{] a]nf epsf] lyof]. pgn] df]afonsf] lel8of] df]8 cg ul/g\ / sf]7fsf] s'gfdf n'sfp/ /flvg\. nf]ug] ;w} em} cfof] / ;dfo/fnfo{ aflx/ lgsfn]/ sf]7fsf] r's'n nufp/ /S;L lkpg nfuof]. ;dfo/fn] lgs} cf 6 h'6fp/ k'ln;nfo{ kmf]g ul/g\. Ps}l5g kl5 ;dfo/fn] lx/fnfnsf] sf]7faflx/af6 9f]sf a];/l 9s9Sofpg nflug\. pgnfo{ yfxf lyof] o:tf] sfd ubf{ p;sf] nf]ug] l/;fpg]5 / pmdfly xftkft ug{]5. gegb} o:t} eof]. lx/fnfnn] l/;fp/ 9f]sf vf]nof]. :jf:glsf] kfv'/f ;dft]/ sf]7fleq tfgof] / c ;dodf h:t} s'6lk6 ug{ yfnof]. ;w}?g] s/fpg] ;dfo/f o;k6s ;fx; h'6fp/ b'uff{h:tl epsl lyog\. of] b]v]/ xl/nfnsf] l/; emg} ylkof] / emg\ a9l xft p7fpg yfnof]. To;} ;dodf k'ln; sf]7fleq l5 of]. o;kfln ;dfo/fn] g} cfˆgf] kltsf] a]ohht u/fog\. pgn] kltnfo{ ;hfo lbg cf7 jif{sf nflu h]ndf k7fog\. lx/fnfnn] cfˆgf] arfpsf nflu s] dfq u/]sf] lypg / < cgtodf cf7 jif{sf nflu h]n ;hfo ;dfo/fsf] nf]ug]n] ef]ug} k of]. ;dfo/f clxn] pgsf] nf]ug]af6 ;DaGwljR5]b u/l PSn} o;} ;x/df a;]sl l5g\. pgsl Pp6L 5f]/L l5g\ 8fS6/ k9\b}. wgo Tof] lstfanfo{ h;n] ;dfo/fsf] hljg Tof] b'i6af6 arfof]. ljgf]b ltldln;gf siff M * glxfl/sf klans :s'n Ujfsf]{, n' v'l;, nlntk'/ hg;+vof j[l4 Ps lbg lzifsn] ljbfyl{x nfo{ hg;+vofaf/] k9fo/x]sf lyp. pgn] pbfx/0fsf nflu ltdlx n] Psk6s ;f; ln bf cd]l/sfdf arrf hlgdg5 eg]. TolQs}df Pp6f ljbfyl{ a]grdfly r9]/ l56f] l56f] ;f; lng yfnof] / lzifsn] crdd dfg]/ ;f]w] of] s] u/]sf] < ljbfyl{n] hjfkm lbof] ;/ dnfo{ l8:6a{ gug'{;\, d cd]l/sfdf arrf hgdfp b} 5'. q sljtf pkb]z clgif e /fo{ siff!) l:k+ u8]n O{=;]=af]= :s'n d]/f] b]z d sxff vf]h" b]z x/fp h:tf] 5 d]/f] e]if d sxff vf]h" e]if x/fp h:tf] 5. g]kfnl xf}f eg5f}f cfk"mnfo{ xfdl :jfledfgl 5f}F vf]o dnfo{ t nfu5, xfdl ;a} :jfyl{ k f0fl xf}f. 5/]/ up uf}td a'4n] ljzjdf zflgtnfo{ Hof]lt Ao'F ofp g]kfndf efg'eqmn] ;flxtosf] df]tl g]kfnl xf}f g]kfndf ;lxb lyp w]/} dnfo nfu5 aln / /ut ;lxbsf] uof] v]/}. k[yjln] PsLs/0f u/] gfd /x\of] 7"nf] h] u/] /fd f] u/] ;asf] eof] enf]. PsLs[t e"ld g]kfnnfo{ aff8\g nfu] h:tf] g]tfx nfo{ of] dft[e"ld nfub5 lghl ;DklQ h:tf]. d]/f] b]z 8'Ng cff6\of] of}6f of]]4f rflxof] dnfo{ t sxff ;'G5g\ / csf]{ wd{eqm rflxof]. b'o{ hg cfgbf]ngn] k'u]g h:tf] 5 ;'? csf]{ u/ff}nf b]zsf] enf] x'g5 eg] b]zsf] lgldt g} d/f}fnf. d xf]:6]n ga:g] lg lknh Û d klg xh'/; u} ljb]z afaf, hfg5' ÛÚ eg]/ dbg cfˆgf] afaf; u lh2l ub}{ lyof]. afa', ltdln] w]/} k9\g'k5{ clg w]/} k9\gnfo{ xf]:6]n a:g'k5{. ltdlnfo{ 8fS6/ agg dg 5 lg x} Û,Ú dbgsf] afafn] ;f]wg'eof]. c Û afaf clg d xh'/nfo{ / ddlnfo{ hffr5',ú dbgn] nfl8fb} egof]. xf] afa', ltdlnfo{ 8fS6/ agfpg w]/} k};f rflxg5, clg afa' Tof] k};f ljb]zdf 5 a'em\of}, clg ;'g d ltdlnfo{ gfgf, uf8l, w]/} v]nf}gf clg rsn]6 klg NofOlbG5' ljb]z up/.ú cfxf Û olt w]/} s'/f NofOlbg], x'g5 d xf]:6]n a:5',ú * jif{sf] dbgn] plk m b} egof]. afa', ltdl ca Ps dlxgfrflx sfsfsf] 3/df a:g] x;\.ú x'g5 afafú eg]/ dbgn] egof]. dbgsf afafn] pgsf efo; u s'/f u/]/ xf]:6]n /flvlbg eg]. dbgsf sfsfn] x;\ t eg], t/ pgsf] lbdfudf c g} s'/f v]n]sf] lyof]. dbgsf afaf / sfsfsf] ;fgf]df emu8f k/]sf] lyof]. ;fgf]sf] l/; sfsfdf cem} hfu[t lyof], t/ s;}nfo{ eg]sf] lypg. p;sf] xftdf ca bfosf] 5f]/f k/]sf] lyof], To;}n] p;nfo{ 9'+uf vf]hbf b]ptf e]l6pem} epsf] lyof]. sfsfn] dbgnfo{ eg], afa' Û ca xfd f] 3/ hfcf}, lx 8Ú. dbg klg x;\ eg]/ uof]. ljr/f dbgnfo{ s] yfxf < p;sf] hljgdf slt w]/} ;+s6 cfpg]jfnf 5 eg]/. sfsfsf] 3/ k'u]kl5 sfsfn] crfgs emkfb}{ eg], t Ps dlxgfkl5 xf]:6]n a:5;\. clg clxn]rflx ol h'7f ef8f dfem\.ú sfsf, dnfo{ ef 8f dfem\g cfp b}g lg,ú dbgn] dlng :j/df egof], dnfo{ s:tf] ef]s nfu]sf] 5, dfd lbg' g ÛÚ s]sf] dfd lg, a]n'sf l3rg kfp 5;\. t v'?v'? sfd u/\ km]l/ Tof] klg gkfpnf;\ lg,ú sfsfn] p;nfo{ s'6'fnf em} u of]. dbg h;f]t;f] ef 8f dfem\b} lyof]. olqs}df p;sf] xftaf6 Pp6f l;;fsf] Unf; em/]/ km'6\of]. To;kl5 t sfsfn] df}sf kfoxfnof]. p;nfo{ lk6\g yfn], t km'rr], 9+u; u Pp6f klg sfd ug{ cfp b}g x}.ú lar/f dbgn] s] u/f];\ < lk6fo vfp/} sfsfsf] 3/df Ps dlxgf latof]. xf]:6]ndf /dfonf] x'g5 clg sfsfn] h:tf] lk6\g] sf]xl gxf]nf egg] ;f]r]sf] lyof] dbgn]. t/, p;sf] ;f]rfo unt lyof]. p;nfo{ xf]:6]nsf ;fyln] klg p7\g ;s]g Hof]T;gf clwsf/l siff!) sfjof :s'n, afg]zj/ jf:tf u/]gg\. lhpel/ lgn8fd epsfn] ;a}n] kmf]xf]/l egg yfn]. lzifsn] klg b'anf] s]6f b]v]/ x]kg yfn] / p;nfo{ xf]:6]nsf] sfd nufpg yfn]. p;nfo{ ;a} ljbfyl{sf] sk8fdf cfo/g nfpg], sf]7f a9fg]{ / 6\jfOn]6 ;kmf ug{ hlxno} kyof]{. :s'ndf sfsfn] dlxgfsf] kml glt/]sf] klg w]/} epsf] lyof]. kml glt/]sf] ljbfyl{nfo{ lzifsn] emg\ x]kg / xksfpg yfn]sf lyp. pm lar/f s;nfo{ s] egf];\ < Ps lbg ;a} arrf ldn]/ p;sf] 5]pdf cfp/ lh:sofpg yfn] Toltj]nf pm vfgf ksfo/x]sf] lyof] ;a} arrfsf nflu. lh:sfpg] j mddf pglx n] dbgnfo{ ws]ng klg yfn], ws]nbfws]nb} dbg cfuf]df v:of]. xqkq ljbfyl{n] p;nfo{ tfg]. pm af Rg t af Rof], t/ p;sf] d'v k"/} hn]sf] lyof]. lhp klg cfwf hnof]. olqs}df lzifsx cfok'u], t/ pglx n] p;dfly bof b]vfpgg\. p;}dfly t Û kmf]xf]/l d'v emg\ sfnf] eof] 5\of. ca o;nfo{ xf]:6]ndf b]v]kl5 8/n] ;a}hgf lg:sg5g\ xf]nf. To;}n] k};f klg lt/]sf] 5}g, o;}nfo{ lgsflnlbcf}fú eg]/ ;Nnfx u/]. To;kl5 ;a} xf]:6]nsf ljbfyl{ / lzifs ldn]/ dbgnfo{ xf]:6]naf6 lgsflnlbp. lar/f dbg sxf hfg] cqf]kqf] lypg, t/ klg pm cfˆg} tfndf af6faf6} lx 8\g yfnof]. /flt pm ;8sd} ;'TYof] / laxfg epkl5 pm kmf]xf]/sf] y'k f]df vfgf vf]hg hfgyof]. o;}u/l p;sf lbgx lalt/x]sf lyp. Ps lbg p;nfo{ ;fx } ef]s nfu]sf] lyof]. ef]s ;xg g;s]/ pm k;nlt/ bu'b}{ lyof]. To;}qmddf p;n] Pp6f 7"nf] xf]6]n b]vof]. Toxf 6]andf p;n] dmd b]vof]. ef]sn] cqflnpsf] dbg leq l5/]/ dmd vfg yfnof]. ToxL a]nf k;nsf] ;fx'n] p;nfo{ aflx/ NofP/ a]:;/l s'6\of]. ljr/f Û dbg s'6fo vf bfvf bf a]xf]; eof]. a]xf]; epkl5 e':ofxf s's'/x klg cfp/ p;}nfo{ 6f]Sg yfn]. s's'/sf] 6f]sfO / xf]6]n ;fx'sf] s'6fon] pm slxno} p7\g ;s]g. ;lgbk Gof}kfg] 22 23

14 afn /rgf afn /rgf 8«Øfugsf] cft+s etsfpfyof]. v]tlkftl gi6 kfyof]{. dflg;nfo{ ufpfdf a:g d'l:sn x'g yfnof]. sf]xl sf]xl t ufpf 5f8]/ hfg yfn]. dflg;nfo{ ufpfdf a:g d'l:sn x'g yfnof]. sf]xl sf]xl t ufpf 5f8]/ hfg yfn]. ufpfdf 8«Øfugsf] cft+s 5fPkl5 ufpfsf] d'lvofn] ;ef af]nfp. ;efdf 8«ØfugnfO{ s;/l wkfpg] jf dfg]{ egg] af/]df nfdf] 5nkmn eof]. cflv/df d'lvofn] eg], ;dl/ a'9f siff M & h'un :s'n, nlntk'/ Zofd / /d]z v]ng ;fyl xl/sf] 3/ up. xl/ v]ng cfpm,ú Zofdn] tn}af6 lrrofof]. em\ofnaf6 p;sl cfdfn] elgg\, xl/nfo{ Hj/f] cfpsf] 5. pm v]ng cfpfb}g. Æ b'j}hgf lg/fz ep klg pglx tfnsf] lsgf/df 3'Dg up. pglx kfgldf 9'+uf xfgg] v]n v]ln/x]sf lyp. crfgs kfgldf 5fn cfpem}f b]lvof]. pglx pt;'s ep/ x]g{ yfn]. kfglaf6 crddsf] hlj lg:sof]. P efu Û Zofd efu Û 8«Øfug cfof] ÛÚ /d]z s/fof]. b'a}hgf ;s];dd l56f] ufpflt/ bu'/]. :jff :jff ub}{ pglx ufpfdf k'u] / d'lvofnfo{ tfndf 8«Øfug b]v]sf] atfp. d'lvofn] s]xl dflg;nfo{ /d]z / Zofd;Fu tfndf k7fp. To; lbgb]lv ufpfn]n] tfnjl/kl/sf] rf}/df ufo{afv f r/fpg klg 5f8]. 8«Øfugn] ufpfdf k;]/ cft+s drrfpg yfnof]. To;n] slxn] ufo{e}f;l n}hfgyof] eg] slxn] arrfnfo{ p7fp/ n}hfgyof]. 3/x of] 8«ØfugnfO{ dfg]{ pkfo sf];fu 5 <Ú ;a}sf] s'/f ;'lg/x]sf ljsf;n] p7]/ egof], 8«ØfugnfO{ dfg{ dflg;n] ;Sb}g. To;nfO{ /f]af]6 cyf{t\ ogqdfgjn] ;S5. To;nfO{ dfg{ ;Sg] /f]af]6 agfpg w]/} ldlxg]t ug'{k5{. t/, d sf]l;; u5'{.ú ljsf;sf] s'/f ;'g]/ ;a}hgf v';l ep. /f]af]6 agfpg] vr{ / ;kmn epdf Ogfd lbg klg ufpfn]x ;xdt ep. ljsf;n] /f]af]6 agfpgsf nflu rflxg] ;a} ogq pks/0f ;x/af6 dufof]. s]xl dlxgfleq /f]af]6 tof/ eof]. p;n] To;sf] gfd 8«Øfug lsn/ /fvof]. 8«Øfugsf] t'ngfdf 8«Øfug lsn/ ;fgf] lyof]. olt ;fgf] /f]af]6n] klg s] 8«ØfugnfO{ dfnf{ eg]/ dflg;x egg] uy{]. Ps lbg 8«Øfug tfnaf6 aflx/ lg:s]sf] a]nfdf 8«Øfug / 8«Øfug lsn/alr 3df;fg n8fof eof]. dflg;x k/k/ a;]/ tl b'o{sf] le8gt x]l//x]sf lyp. PSsfl; 8«Øfugn] /f]af]6nfo{ lgnof]. ufpfn] lg/fz ep/ efug vf]hb} lyp, crfgs 8«Øfug cfkmf} e'ofdf 9Nof]. ufpfn]x pt;'s ep/ x]b}{ lyp. crfgs 8«Øfugsf] d'vaf6 /f]af]6 / Pp6f dfg5] lglsnof]. Tof] dfg5]nfo{ ufpfn]sf] lhddf nfp/ 8«Øfug lsn/ klg e'ofdf 9Nof]. ufpfn]x n] 8«Øfugsf] d'vaf6 lg:s]sf] Tof] dflg;nfo{ lrg]. Tof] dflg;n] tfnjl/kl/sf] ;a} huuf cfˆgf] gfddf btf{ u/]/ ToxfF 6'l/:6 l/;f]6{ vf]ng rfx]sf] lyof]. t/, ufpfn]x n] tfnj/kl/sf] ;fj{hlgs huuf v'nf /fvg'k5{, ufo{e}f;l r/fpg'k5{ eg]/ dfg]sf lypgg\. ufpfn]x n] Tof] dflg;nfo{ k x/lsf] lhddf nufolbp. p;n] k x/l;dif aofg lbfb} egof], d}n] ufpfn]x nfo{ t;f{p/ tfnjl/kl/sf] huuf cfˆgf] agfpg vf]h]sf] lypf. To;sf nflu d]l;gsf] 8«Øfug agfpsf] lypf. t/, oxffsf] ljsf; egg] o'js rnfv /x]5. p;n] 8«Øfug lsn/ /f]af]6 agfp/ d]/f] /f]af]6sf] 8«ØfugnfO{ x/fof].æ Tof] dflg;n] unt tl/sfn] huuf x8kg vf]h]sf]df ;hfo kfof]. ljsf;n] ufpfn]af6 :ofaf;l / Ogfd kfof]. ljsf;n] agfpsf] /f]af]6sf] gd'gfnfo{ ufpfsf] dfemdf ;hfp/ /flvof]. q sljtf pm d/]sf] 5}g ;hnf kf08] siff ( estk'/ lg:6 :s'n nf]sgynl, eqmk'/ :jfledfgnfo{ cfˆgf] wd{ dfgg] pm g]kfnaf6 c+u ]h eufpg rfxg] pm cfkm" d/]/ ep klg b]z arfpg] pm ca s;}sf nflu Hofg TofUg]5}g pm t/, g]kfn arfpg cl3 a9\g]5 lsgls cem} pm dl/;s]sf] 5}g ca zq'x v';l dgfpfb} 5g\. p;nfo{ sf6]/ p;sf] df;' vfpsf] ;kgf b]vbf x'g\ sf]xl xf8 r':b} t sf]xl 5fnf rkfpfb} xf]nfg\ sf]xl kf]n]/ vffb} t sf]xl e'6]/ vffb} xf]nfg\ ;a}n] cf cfˆgf] efu vfg kfpg]5g\ pglx ;f]rb} 5g\ ls cfh pm dl/;s]sf] 5 t/, pm cfˆgf] efuag8f ug]{nfo{ kf7 k9fpg cfpfb} 5 Pslbg cfok'ug]5 lsgls cem} pm dl/;s]sf] 5}g b]zb f]xlsf] klg e'ofdf v'6\6f 5}g ca pglx nfo{ p;sf] 8/ 5}g ca p;n] klg lsnnfdf a:g'kg]{5}g g t p;n] g]kfn cfdf gf+lupsl ;'Gg'kg]{5 t/, g]kfn arfpg] lhddf cem} p;s} xf] arfpg]5 kss} arfpg]5 g]kfn cfdf, pgsf] cl:ttj, pgsf] :jfledfg lsgls cem} pm dl/;s]sf] 5}g cem} pm dl/;s]sf] 5}g cem} pm d/]sf] 5}g dfgj;]jf hljgsf] ;jf{]qd sfo{ Zn]iff kf}8]n siff * ljbf;fu/ :s'n, ag]kf dfgj;]jf dfgj / ;]jf gfds b'o{ zabsf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] xf]. o;n] dfg5]s} ;]jf egg] cy{sf] ;+s]t u5{. dfgj;]jf prr dfgjlo d"no xf]. dfgj;]jf efjgfdf hlgdp/ sfo{df clejoqm x'g] ljifo xf]. dfgj;]jf eg]sf] s;}k lt e]befj, gftfjfb, s[kfjfb s'g} klg ;DaGw g/fvlsg lgisfd jf lgm:jfy{ efjgfsf ;fy dfgjlxtdf ;dlk{t x'g' xf]. cfhsfn xfd f] ;dfhdf dfgjtf x/fp b} upsf] 5. xfdl cfkm\gf] enfosf lgldt c sf] s'enf] ul//x]sf 5f}, h'g x/fp b} upsf] dfgjtfsf] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf]. jf:tjdf dfgjhljg ss{nfsf] kftdf cl8psf] kfglh:tf] xf], slta]nf v:5 yfxf g} x' b}g. cs't ;DklQ gfzjfg\ 5, cfkm" afr'gh]n cs't ;DklQ y'kf/] tfklg d[to'kzrft\ To;nfO{ 5f8]/} hfg'k5{ eg] o; ef}lts ;DklQnfO{ dfgj;]jfdf lsg gnufpg] egg] ;f]r epsf ;dfhsf s]xl ;r]t JolQm dfgj;]jfdf nfug k ]l/t x'g5g\. o;s} k ]/0ff:j k dfgj;]jlx s'g} klg ;dfhsf cfbz{ / k ]/0ffsf ; f]t agg k'u5g\. h:t} M dxftdf ufgwl, x]g/l 8\o'gf, db/ 6]/];f, km\nf]/]g; gfol6+un, bofjl/ s+;sf/h:tf dfgj;]jlx ;+;f/d} rds]sf 5g\. jf:tjdf dfgj;]jfsf] dxttj / c7f/ k'/f0fsf] ;f/ Pp6} xf]. k/f]ksf/ k'0ofo kfkfo k/kl8gd\n] ;]jfegbf 7"nf] wd{ ;+;f/df sxl st} 5}g egg] cy{af]w u/fp 5. k'/f0fdf Jof; Clifn] b'o{j6f jrgsf] ;f/ lbg'epsf] 5 ;]jf g} wd{. jf:tjdf xfdl r]tgzln dfgj ep/ cr]t 9' +ufsf d"lt{dfly elqmsf] gfddf b"wsf] vf]nf aufp 5f}. w"k, g}j]b, l3p, kmn, dx r9fp 5f}, t/ ToxL 5]pdf Pp6f ef]sf] gf+uf] ul/a 5 eg] To;nfO{ Ps5fs vfg lbg ;Sb}gf}. o;af6 dflg;df dfgjtf gepsf] :ki6 x'g5. dflg; s]jn wd{sf gfddf b]vfj6l sfo{ dfq ul//xsf] a'lemg5. jf:tjdf dfgj;]jfaf6 g} cfkm\gf] dgnfo{ cfglgbt t'nofpg ;lsg5. oxl ;Gbe{df x/fp b} upsf] dfgjtfnfo{ nlift ub{} levf/l sljtfdf nidlk ;fb b]jsf]6fn] eg]sf 5g\ M dflg;; udf dflg;sf] of] cgt/lbnsf] /f]bg efox ; u leiffsf] of] d'7l bofsf] ofrgf.ú tfls{s kdf egg'kbf{ ;dfhdf ul/g] x/]s ;]jfnfo{ dfgj;]jf egg ;ls b}g. h:t}m Jofkf/Ln] ug{] ;]jf. lzifsn] clziffsf] cgwsf/nfo{ x6fpg] sfd u/] tfklg To;df cy{sf] ck]iff ul/psf] x'g5. lghl tyf cfjf;lo ljbfno vf]n]/ lziffsf] k rf/ u/] tfklg To;leq 7"nf] wg/flz sdfpg] lgot n's]sf] x'g5. x'g t cfhef]ln xfd f] ;dfhdf o:t} rsf{ gf/fx t]:of{p/ ljlegg Pglhcf], cfopglhcf] / /fhglltsdl{x n] o;nfo{ ;Qf:jfy{sf] e ofª agfp/ dfgj;]jfsf] pkxf; u/]sf] kfog5. cfhef]ln dflg;x n] ldl8ofdf k rfl/t x'g, dfgj;]jl sxlng c;'xfp bf lqmofsnfk k bz{g u/]sf] b]lvg5. jf:tjdf dfgj;]jlx tl x'g\, h;n] JolQmut tyf kfl/jfl/s :jfy{ Tofu]/ lgtfgt dfgj snof0f tyf ;]jfdf cfkm"nfo{ ;dk{0f u/]sf x'g5g\. To:tf JolQmsf gfd lng'kbf{ cg'/fwf sfo/fnf -l;pgpg rl/dfof tfdfª -l;pgpg k'ikf a:g]t -l;pgpg hf] dfgj;]jfsf] efjgfn] k ]l/t ep/ dfotl g]kfnnufot ;+:yfdf ;+nug eo{ a]lrpsf r]nlx sf] p4f/df 7"nf] of]ubfg k' ofpsf 5g\. To;}u/L dfgj;]jfsf] efjgfn] k] l/t ep/ cgo ;+3;+:yf klg :yfkgf ul/psf 5g\. jfrú gfds ;+:yf h;n] P8\;;DaGwL hgr]tgf k}mnfpg] sfd u5{. ljz'4 dfgj;]jfsf] efjgfn] vf]lnpsf] /]8qm;, afn c:ktfn, cgfyfno, j[4f>d, ol ;a} ;+:yfsf] d'vo p2]zo dfgj;]jf g} xf]. To;}n] dfgj ep/ hlgdpkl5 dg, jrg / sd{n] dfgj;]jfdf ;dlk{t x'g'k5{. To;}df ;a}egbf 7"nf] v';l, ;'v / cfggb k fkt x'g5. dflg; ;dfhsf] ;r]t k f0fl xf]. p;n] cfkm\gf] sd{kydf cufl8 a9\g b'o{ v' f / sd{ ug{ b'o{ xft kfpsf] 5. lrgtg / dgg\ ug{ pj{/ dl:tis kfpsf] 5. ld7f] af]ng / d':s'/fo/xg d'v kfpsf] 5. To;}u/L /fd f] g/fd f], c;n v/fa 5'6\ofpg ;'Gb/ cf vf kfpsf] 5. To;}n] dflg;n] o;nfo{ ;b'kof]u u/l c;n sfo{df cfkm"nfo{ ;dk{0f ug{ ;Sg'k5{ / af r / arfpm clg dfgjtfsf] ;]jf g} k/d\ wd{ xf] egg] plqmnfo{ k :6 kfg{ ;Sg'k5{. ;f rf] cy{df JolQmut :jfy{nfesf] ck]iff gu/l dfgjlxtsf lgldq cfkm"nfo{ ;dlk{t ug{ ;Sg'k5{, clg dfq ann algg5 ;f rf] cy{df dfgj;]jl. ctm dfgj;]jfsf] efjgfnfo{ ;+s'lrt efjgfn] x]l/g'x' b}g. dg, jrg / sd{n] clg tg, dg / wgn] k"0f{tf t kfpg ;lsg5, t/ ;]jf ug{ tl?k}off k};fegbf klg cem kljq efjgf g} rflxg5. ;]jfsf] efjgfn] sfd ubf{ dflg;nfo{ cftd;gt'li6 k fkt x'g5. of] df6fsf ;a} xfdl, oxl df6fd'lg ldng' 5, d[t e:d gagb}df lemnsf] eo{sg ang' 5Ú egg] afns[i0f ;dsf k+lqmn] hljg /x bf jf d[to'sf] d'vdf gk'ub} gfd cd/ /fvg'k5{ egg] ;Gb]z lbpsf] 5. ;]jf xf] sd{, h;df 5 wd{ú egg] tyonfo{ xfdln] ;w} dgg\ ug' {k5{. q sljtf d]/f] b]z d]/f] klxrfg ;'dg sfsl{ siff!) cfbz{ cfhfb pdflj, eld;]g:yfg, egkf!! lxdfnsf] nx/df ;u/dfyf xff:b} kxf8sf] nfnlu'/ff; 8fFkm] d'gfn gfrb}. t/fo{ xfd f] ;'gh:tf] wfgsf] kmff6 /fd f] ;a} ldnl :ju{h:t} agfcf}f b]z xfd f].. d]rl sfnl ;';fpfb} 5g\ Pp6} af]nlleq k"j{ klzrd pq/ blif0f ;a} xfd f ldq. g]kfnl xf] ldlna; eg5g\ t/fo{ kxf8 lxdfn n8fof emu8f gu/] kf] ag5 /fd f] g]kfn.. gblgfnf jgh+un g]kfnlsf] wg ;+/If0f / ljsf;df nfug'k5{ dg. xfd f] g]kfn /fd f] g]kfn agfpg'k5{ ;a} ldn] dfq g]kfn cl3 a9\5.. dnfo{ rflxpsf] 5 d]/f] ;u/dfyfsf] b]z dnfo{ Kof/f] nfu5 d]/f] cfkm\gf] kl/j]z. csf{sf] bof d]/f] dfg xf]og ljb]zl ;DklQ d]/f] ;fg xf]og.. ljb]zlsf] gf]s/ agg] d]/f] Hofg xf]og lz/ em'sfo{ lxf8\g] d]/f] :jfledfg xf]og. dnfo{ rflxpsf] 5 Pp6f uf}/jzfnl b]z dnfo{ Kof/f] nfu5 d]/} ax'efiff clg e]if.. lht]sf] h+u d]/f] pts[i6 zfg ctofrf/lnfo{ ;dfkt kfg]{ d]/f] klxrfg. dnfo{ rflxpsf] 5 d]/f] ;u/dfyfsf] b]z dnfo{ Kof/f] nfu5 cfkm\g} kl/j]z

15 afn /rgf afn /rgf d] ljb]zaf6 cfpg'epsf] xf]. lgs} /f] 3/df Pshgf ctogt} /fd L cfg6l cfpg'eof]. pxf nfo{ x]bf{ nfuyof], a]/sf] a;fodf pxf d]/l cfdf; u? b} s'/f ug{ yfng'eof]. lbbl / d ctogt} crdddf k of}. t/, d]/l cfdfn] xfdlnfo{ csf]{ sf]7fdf hfg cfu x ug'{eof] / xfdl 1fgL arrfh:t} v'?ss p7]/ lxf8\of}. t/, dgdf lgs} s'/f v]ln/x\of]. lsg Tof] cfg6l?g'epsf] xf]nf < lsg 3/L3/L cfkm\gf] ;Gtfgsf af/]df / pglx sf] eljiosf] s'/f ul//xg'epsf] xf]nf eg]/ xfdln] ;f]lr/x\of}. xfdl cfdfsf] cf1fnfo{ lz/f]k/ u/]/ k9\g t a:of}, t/ k9\g] k6ss} OR5f epg / Tof] cfg6l slt v]/ hfg'x'g5 xf]nf eg]/ k tliff ul//x\of}. s'g} lbg vfgf vfg cfpg] jfrf u/]/ pxf xfd f] 3/af6 lg:sg'eof]. ta xfdl b'o{ lbblalxgln] cfdf; u pxf sf af/]df hfgg] OR5f /fvof}, t/ pxf n] egg rfxg'epg. xfdlx sf] 7"nf] cfu x kl5 pxf n] egg'eof] dfg5]sf] lhgbuldf s] x'g5 egg] s;}nfo{ yfxf x' b}g To;}n] hljgdf ;+3if{ ug{ klg l;sg'k5{. pxf sf] hljgsf] syf o:tf] /x]5. sl/a!* jif{cl3 cfkm\gl ;f}t]gl cfdfn] s]6fx ; u a9l s'/f u/l eg]/ s'6\g'epsf] /x]5. ;f}t]gl cfdfsf] b'jo{jxf/ ;x b} a;]sl cfg6l cfkm\g} xf]6]ndf vfgf vfg cfpsf Ps o'jssf] kmsfodf km'?ss k/l p;}sf] kl5 nflu sf7df8f+} cfpg'ep5. s]xl ;do t pxf sf] hljg /fd } lat]5. k];fn] vnf;l pxf sf kltn] zfob ;+utsf] sf/0fn] xf] of s'g} cgo sf/0fn] xf], la:tf/} dfbs kbfy{nufot uf hf, efª ;a} ;]jg ug{ yfn]5g\. b'o{ 5f]/LsL cfdf tl cfg6l; u ;fgfltgf s'/fdf ;d]t dgd'6fj a9\g yfn]5g\. clg dfgl;s oftgfsf ;fy} zf/ll/s oftgf;d]t ;xg afwo tl cfg6l csf{sf] 3/df e f8f dfem\g], n'uf w'g], ;'Ts]/L :ofxfg]{nufot cg]s sfd ug{ afwo x'g'ep5. tl ;fgf ;fgf 5f]/Lx :ofxfb}{ / cfkm\gf] hljgnfo{ lwssfb}{ cl3 a9\g yfng'ep5. To;}qmddf Pshgf lbblsf] Ao'6L kfn{/df sfd ug]{ s]6lsf] kdf tl cfg6ln] Ao'6L kfn{/;dagwl ;Dk"0f{ tflnd k fkt klg ul/;sg'ep5. cfkm"n] sdfp/ gnofp;dd 3/df r'nf] gang] cj:yf ep klg cfkm\gf] kltnfo{ ;'wfg{ e/dub'/ nfug'ep5. t/, ;a} sf]l;; pxf sf nflu gfsfd ep5g\. s'g} klg nf]ug]dflg; cfkm"egbf >LdtLsf] sdfo a9l epdf cyjf egf}f, >LdtLsf] sdfo vfg'k/]df cfkm"nfo{ gfdb{ ;ldemg5g\ eg]em}f pgn] klg cfkm"nfo{ ;fob To;} ;Dem]/ xf] cyjf em'sg grfx]/ xf] >LdtLsf] s'/fnfo{ a]jf:tf u/]5g\. >LdtLsf] sdfo ca pgnfo{ sfnf] wg h:tf] nfug hljgsf] v]n ciftf kf08] siff M ( lxdfno ljbfdlgb/ prr dflj l;kmn, sf7df8f}+ yfnof] / cfˆgl >LdtLnfO{ rfl/lqs bf]if nufpg yfn]5g\. cfodfo{x nfv bf]if ;xg ;S5g\, t/ cfˆgf] rl/qdfly s;}n] cf}fnf 78\ofPsf] ;xg ;Sb}gg\. /ftlbg pd]/ a9]sf 5f]/Lsf cufl8 slt ;xg'. t/, xfd f] ;dfhn] 5'l6g rfx]/ klg lbfbf] /x]g5. pxf slt dfotl g]kfn wfpg'ep5, t/ nf]ug]sf] l;ug]r/ ljgf g]kfn cfdf q sljtf cfsfz kf08] siff M!) cda/ Pe/]:6 O+lUn; af]l8{ª :s'n e/tk'/!), lrtjg x]/ /f]o/x]l5g\, d]/l g]kfn cfdf ctltsf kfgf kn6fo{, ltgsf ;Demgfdf g]kfn xl/of] lyof], Ps hdfgfdf cl:ttj x/fpb} 5, cfh lakgldf.. 5'l6g gldng] x'gfn] l8ef];{ ug{ rfx]/ klg kfo bf] /x]g5. clxn] cfˆgf b'o{ 5f]/LnfO{ :s'nsf] xf]:6]ndf /fv]/ Ao'6L kfn{/;dagwl sfddf ljb]zdf x'g'x' bf] /x]5. x/]s dlxgf 5f]/Lx sf nflu nfug] vr{ k7fpg' x' bf] /x]5. afa' eg]/ gfs 7f8f] kfg]{ Tof] k'?if /S;Ln] dft]/ 5f]/Lx e]6\g cfp klg :s'n k zf;gn] e]6\g lbg] u/]sf] /x]g5. d]/f] 5f]/LnfO{ e]6\g glbg] sf] egl :s'ndf s/fpg ;Sg] Tof] JolQmnfO{ cfh;dd b'o{?k}offsf] rsn]6;d]t tl 5f]/LnfO{ lbg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g eg] p;nfo{ tl ;GtfgnfO{ e]6\g] clwsf/ klg t 5}g eg]/ kmsf{olbp5 :s'nn]. d]/l cfdfn]? b} xfdlnfo{ of] syf egg'eof]. cfhsfn tl JolQm slxn] kmf]xf]/df t slxn] s's'/nfo{ c ufnf] df/]/ k'nd'lg ;'T5g\ /]. 3/sf] cleefjsn] af6f] la/fp bf p;sf] lhgbul t aaf{b x'g] g} eof] kl/jf/sf] ;d]t larnnl eof]. sxf n'ls/x]sf 5f}, c;n g]kfnl xfdlnfo{ ;+;f/n] af]nfpf5, jl/ uf]vf{nl lg:s aflx/, cfkm"df cftdljzjf; prfnl :j/ lbb} 5g\ xfdlnfo{, xfd f k'vf{nl.. lnp/ cfcf}f cfkm";fu, gof cfzf pd+u xltof/sf] ;f6f] snd, af]sl Nofcf}F cfkm ";Fu s;/l JofVof u/f}f, xfd f b'mv ;k ;+u b]z arfp/ 5l/lbcf}, v';lsf /+u.. ghfpm g]kfnl cfkm\gf] b]znfo{ 5f8]/ cl3 a9, ljutsf kfgf Roft]/ cfdfnfo{ arfpm, b]zb f]xl;fu n8]/ cfpm ;a} /fi6«lgdf{0f u/f} v6]/ lrgfcf} ;+;f/df g]kfnnfo{, cl3 a9]/.. cfdf M 5f]/L, P 5f]/L. eg]sf] lsg ;'lgbg of] < slt k9\g'kg]{ < Psrf]l6 leq cfpm t. 5f]/L M 5\of Û cfdf klg slt af]nfpg'x'g5 < d oxf svu l;sb} 5'. cfdf M xf]og, ltdln] k9]/ s] g} ug{ ;S5\of} / < 5f]/L dfg5]sf] hft Ps g Ps lbg lax] u/]/ hfg}kg]{ xf]. afa' M slt ugug dfq ul//fv]sf] < a? ef]s nflu;sof], eft kl:spm t. cfdf M x;\, clg cfh stf 8'n]/ cfpg'eof] t < afa' M stf x'g' lg < tn k;ndf lrof vfg upsf] lyp. ;a} ldqn] t dnfo{ 5f]/LnfO{ b]psl gk7fpg] eg]/ ;f]w]. v}, d t k};f lnp/ a? cs}{sf] 5f]/LnfO{ k7folbpm. Toxf 9's'6Ldf s]xl k};f 5 t < cfdf M 9's'6Ldf t ca p8'; ep dfq xf]. tnnf3/] sfsf; u lbglbg} k} rf] egb} g'g slxn];dd lno/xg] < 3/df t]n Ps yf]kf 5}g. 5\of, a? h]7l 5f]/LnfO{ kg5folbcf} xf], a'9f. a'af M ca ltdl g} To:tf] eg5f} eg] d s] g} egg ;S5' / < -To:t}df a]n'sf_ cfdf M -kmtkmtfp b}_ x}g, xfd f] kf6fdf s;n] 3f ; rf]/]/ nfg5 < cfh hf bf t 3f ;} 5}g. ca o:tf] klg x'g5 Û a'af M x}g, k]ml/ s] eof] < lsg o;/l kmtkmtfo/x]sl < cfdf M s] x'g' lg < ;a} ufp n] ldn]/ xfdlnfo{ tn emfg{ vf]h5g\. a'af M 5f]l8b]pm ol ;a s'/f. s's'/n] xfdlnfo{ 6f]Sof] egb}df xfdln] klg s's'/nfo{ g} 6f]Sg] t xf]og xf]nf < n eft vfcf}. ef]ln ;fo nf afsf] d]nf hfg' 5 /]. cfdf M n t n. -ef]ln laxfg_ cfdf M h]7l, cf]o h]7l Û slt ;'T5] of]. a? 3f ; sf6\g hf. h]7l M -lgb fdf_ x;\ cfdf. -h]7l p7\l5g\ / 3f ; sf6\g hflg5g\_ -s]xl a]/df a'af cfok'u5g\_ cfdf M tkfo{ nfo{ rflx ;w} k;n dfq uo/x] k'u5 x}. a'af M cab]lv rflx hfgg xf]nf. cfdf M lsg / < To:tf] s] eof] < a'af M s] x'g' lg < cfh t ufp n]n] w]/} dhfs u/]. Tof] klg dnfo{ ljifo agfp/. xf]og, cfˆgl 5f]/LnfO{ b]psl agfpg' 5, c x rflx lsg v]bf] vg5g\ < cfdf M d}n] t cl:tb]lv eg]sf] 5' lg, a? b]psl k7fpm. a'af b]psl 5f]/L /f]zg clwsf/l siff ( x/fohg O+lUn; :s'n, wkufn!*, nlntk'/ -;':t ;':t kbf{ ;5{. Toxf Pp6f e'mqf] e'mk8lsf] b[zo 5. To; b[zodf Ps a'9l cfdf / Ps afa' 5g\. Toxf ;a} c;/nn ;fdfg 5l/Psf lyp. Ps ;fgf] vl6ofdfly Ps aflnsf svuú l;sb} lyog\. pgnfo{ k9\g] OR5f lyof]._ M ca t h]7l 5f]/LnfO{ b]psl k7fpg}kg]{ ef]. -/fd sfsf xtfl/fb} k j]z _ /fd sfsf M cf]o ls/0f, t]/l h]7l 5f]/L t le/af6 3f ; sf6\g vf]hbf n8]/ v]fnfn] aufp5. a'af M tkfo{ s] s'/f ug'{epsf] < cfdf M /fd] sfsf slxno} e'm6 af]ng'x'gg. sfsf M x}g, dnfo{ l9nf] eo;sof], d nfuf]. -s]lx xktf pglx zf]sdf af R5g\ _ -b'o{ xktfkl5_ a'af M carflx dfonl 5f]/L b]psl agg'k5{. n cfh g} d lx 8]F. cfdf M xfd f] h]7l 5f]/LnfO{ b]psl agfpsf] ep xfd f] kl/jf/n] zf]s dgfpg'kb}{gyof]. To;}n] d}n] klxn] g} b]psl r9fcf} eg]sl lyp. a'af M n t d ufpfn] af]nfp/ up. cfdf M x;\. -a'af a]n'sl kms{g5g\ _ cfdf a'af cfdf M cln l9nf] eof] lg t. lsg< M -nfdf] ;f; lnb} _ 5f]/Ln] dnfo{ af6f]df dnfo{ k9fpg nfg'ef xf] eg]/ ;f]wb} lyog\. To;}n] p;nfo{ ;DemfOa'emfO cfpf. clg Pp6f o; ufp sf] e d0f ug{ sf7df8f}+af6 cfpsf] /f]zg gfdsf] ljbfyl{n] of] unt egb} xft p7fo/x]sf] lyof], t/ s;}n] p;sf] s'/f ;'g]g. hlt k9] klg p;sf] wf/0ff oxf sf clzliftn] ;'g]gg\. M a? ca tkfo{ ;x/df sfd ug{ up klg x'g5. lsgls, d / sfg5l 5f]/L v]tlkftl u/]/ vfg ;S5f}F. a'af M ltdl g} o:tf] eg5f} eg] eoxfn5 lg. -a'af csf]{ lbg g} sf7df8f}+ hfg5g\_ -kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf /fd f] x' b} hfg5. t/, Ps lbg===_ cfdf M sfg5l, dnfo{ cf}iflw NofOb] g af. afnfo{ lg k"mg u/]/ af]nf g. dnfo{ Psbd} ufx f] eof]. sfg5l M x;\ cfdf, lrgtf glng', d sn]h upkl5 NofOlbG5'. -olt eg]/ 5f]/L sn]h hflg5g\_ -s]xl l5gdf Ps j[4f dlxnf s/fpsf] ;'g]/ Ps :jo+;]ljsf cfp l5g\_ :jo+ ;]ljsf M cfdf tkfo{nfo{ s] eof] < cfdf M dnfo{ Psbd} hf8f] nflu/x]sf] 5 / lr6\lr6\ kl;gf klg cfo/x]sf] 5. gfg', dnfo{ cf}ifwf]krf/ ul/lbg' g. :jo+;]ljsf M x;\ cfdf, clxn]nfo{ of] cf}iflw vfg';\. cfdf M x'g5. s] dnfo{ of] cf}iflw vfp/ lgsf] x'g5 t < :jo+;]ljsf M x}g. d ef]ln oxff 8fS6/ ;fx]a; u cfp 5'. cfdf M x'g5 gfgl. :jo+;]ljsf M n t cfdf. d clxn] nfu5'. ef]ln k]ml/ cfp 5'. -sfg5l 5f]/Lsf] va/ ;'g]/ afa' 3/ kmls{g5g\ _ -csf]{ lbg_ 8fS6/ / :jo+ ;]ljsf M gd:sf/ cfdf Û tkfo{ nfo{ s:tf] 5 < a'af M clxn] t pgnfo{ ;Grf] 5, t/ a]nfa]nfdf Hj/f] a9]/ cfp 5. 8fS6/ M cfdf, tkfo{ sf] k ];/ xfo{ 5. cln lttf]s/]nf vfg';\ / k ];/ ;Gt'lnt agfpg'xf];\. :jo+;]ljsf M n cfdf, of] cf}iflw lgoldt vfg';\. cfdf M -cff;' emfl5{g\_ :jo+;]ljsf M cfdf lsg?g'epsf] < cfdf M -? b}_ d]/l dfonl 5f]/L klg k9]/ 7"nL agg] ;kgf /fvyl. dnfo{ lsg lsg ltdl d]/l 5f]/L xf] h:t} nflu/x]sf] 5. 8fS6/ M tkfo{ n] 7Ls egg'eof]. pm tkfo{ s} 5f]/L xf]. tkfo{ n] dnfo{ glrg] klg pxf sf] a'afn] dnfo{ lrgg'x'g5 xf]nf. d ToxL klxn]sf] ljbfyl{ /f]zg x' hf] b]psl k yflj?4 cfjfh p7fp y]f. d}n] p;n] kfpsf] b'mv ;xg ;lsg To;}n] p;nfo{ kms{+bf ; u} nu]. :jo+;]ljsf M cfdf. dnfo{ pxf n] k9fpg'eof], To;}n] gl;{ªsf] tflnd kfp. 8fS6/ M x]g{';\. tkfo{ cfˆgf ;GtfgnfO{ dfof ug'{;\, 3[0ff xf]og. /, ca tkfo{ x sf] 3/df slxno} cfly{s ;+s6 kg]{5}g. -;a}hgf v';l ep / ;w}f ldn]/ a;]_ -kbf{ v:5._ 26 27

16 /rgfue{ cleefjs lziff Pp6f 36gfÚ k ljlwn] arrf lauf of] eg5g\ cleefjs 28 afnaflnsfaf/] afnaflnsfs} nflu n]lv/xg] zfgtbf; dfggw/ nfdf] ;dob]lv k sfzgdf /xsf] afn klqsf afnsf];]nlú sf ;Dkfbs x'g\. pd]/n] c;l gf3]sf pgl clxn] klg afn ;flxto l;h{gfdf plqs} ;lqmo 5g\. pglåf/f lnlvt Pp6f 36gfÚ syf siff * sf] g]kfnl ljifosf] kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z 5. ;f] syf l;h{gfsf] k[i7e"ldaf/] ;flxtosf/ dfggw/s} zab o;k6s g'jfulsf] /rgfue{ú df M Pp6f 36gfÚ syf kf7\ok':tsdf egbf klg s]6fs]6lsf] x[bodf /xf];\ egg] Wo]on] n]v]sf] x'. h;df d}n] s]6fs]6lx s} ljifo phfu/ u/]/ n]v]sf] 5'. of] syf d}n] ;fndf n]v]sf] lyp. afnsf];]nlú gfds klqsfdf ;d]t k sflzt o; syfdf d}n] afnaflnsfsf] :jefj emnsfpg vf]h]sf] 5'. d]/f ;flxltos /rgfsf kfqx k foh;f] ljbfno k9\g hfg] afnaflnsf g} x'g5g\. lsgeg], pglx af/] n]vg kfp bf cfggb nfu5. afnaflnsfdf c n] u/]sf] sfd Tof]eGbf a9l ug{ ;S5' egg] k lt:kwl{ efjgf x'g5. h] s'/f ug{ klg pglx df hf]; cfp 5. of] syfdf klg log} s'/fx ;d]l6psf] 5. d}n] ;flxltos If]qdf snd rnfpsf] %) jif{egbf a9l ;fndf s]xl k':ts k sfzg klg u/]. ljz]ifu/l d afn;flxto If]qdf nfluk/]sf] 5'. syf / sljtfdf ljwfdf d]/f] x[bob]lv g} nufj 5. d cfkm" klg n]vg] / ;flxtodf?lr epsf afnaflnsfnfo{ klg n]vfpg] u5'{. a]nfa]nfdf s;/l syf n]vg] egg] ljifodf 5nkmn;d]t rnfp 5'. d}n] /r]sf syf jf sljtf kl9;s]kl5 afnaflnsfnfo{ cfggb cfcf];\. pglx sf] cg'xf/df phofnf] 5fcf];\. v';ln] rldsof];\. dl7f] s'/f vfg kfp bf jf dl7f] s'/f ;'lg/x bfsf] cg'xf/ s:tf] x'g5 < z/l/df gof n'uf r ;'xfpg] nufp bfsf] cg'xf/ s:tf] x'g5 < d]/f] ;flxltos /rgf s]6fs]6ln] k9\g kfp eg] pglx v';l x'g5g\. To;df d 9'Ss 5'. Pp6f /fd f] syfn] dflg;df ;sf/ftds kl/jt{g Nofp 5. Psbd l;lyn cj:yfdf cf]vtlsf] sfd u5{ /fd f] syfn]. h;n] dg, z/l/ / a'l4nfo{ :j:y agfp 5. sf]xl sf]xl s]6fs]6l v]ng v'a}?rfp 5g\. v]ndf?lr lbg] w]/} afnaflnsfn] k9fodf vf;} rf;f] glbg klg ;S5g\. k9\g' dfq} 7"nf] s'/f xf]og. v]ndf?lr /fvg' klg /fd f] s'/f xf]. v]ndf?lr x'g] dflg; v]ndf hfgg] x'g' / To;k lt v'al / l;kfn' x'g' klg h?/l x'g5. t/, v]ndf nfub}df k9fo eg] 5f8\g'x 'b}g. sf]xl sf]xl s]6fs]6l v]ng v'a}?rfp 5g\. v]ndf?lr lbg] w]/} afnaflnsfn] k9fodf vf;} rf;f] glbg klg ;S5g\. k9\g' dfq} 7"nf] s'/f xf]og. v]ndf?lr /fvg' klg /fd f] s'/f xf]. v]ndf?lr x'g] dflg; v]ndf hfgg] x'g' / To;k lt v'al / l;kfn' x'g' klg h?/l x'g5. t/, v]ndf nfub}df k9fo eg] 5f8\g'x 'b}g. gk9]s} ep klg dfg5]rflx ;kmf dgsf] x'g'k5{. Pp6f v]nf8l klg /fd f] dfg5] xf]. k9fo sdhf]/ eof] egb}df p;nfo{ g/fd f] dfg5] egg / lt/:sf/ ug{ ldnb}g. v]ns'bdf rf;f] /fvg] afnaflnsfnfo{ g} ;Dem]/ of] syf /r]sf] x'. dflg;x ; u e]63f6 / ;Dks{sf qmddf ljlegg 36gf x'g5g\. 36gf eg]sf] xfd f] hljgdf 36]sf] /fd f] aofg xf]. tl aofg 3tnfUbf] xf];\. ;'Gbfv]l/ dg g} rldsnf] xf];\. cg'xf/ phofnf] / dflg;df a'l4 klg knfcf];\. of] syfn] klg oxl s'/fsf] ;Gb]z lbg5. k fom d]/f /rgf cfˆg} sf]7fdf a;l /lrpsf 5g\. hxf dnfo{ ;xhtfsf] cg'e"lt x'g5. of] syf n]vg dnfo{ b'o{ lbg nfuof]. laxfg, lbp ;f] / /flt h'g ;dodf klg dnfo{ n]vg dg nfu5. lbdfudf s'g} ljifon] k j]z u/]kl5 syf n]vg w]/} ;do nfub}g. t/, t'?gt} Ps} lbgdf n]lvg5 egg] xf]og. Pp6f 36gfÚ afnaflnsfn] a'em\g] z}nldf n]lvpsf] syf xf]. syfsf] kfq ;'/]zn] km'6an xfgbf :s'ndf epsf] km'nsf] udnf km'6]sf] k ;+u syfdf 5. s]xl o:tf 36gf x'g5g\ slxn]sf xl lauf5'{ g} eg]/ laufl/psf] x' b}g. syfdf p;n] u/]sf] 36gf :jlsf/ u/l d}n] lauf/]sf] x' eg5. Tof] g} p;n] l;s]sf] l;s xf]. of] syf kl9;s]kl5 afnaflnsfn] s]xl g s]xl gof s'/fsf] 1fg kfp 5g\. afn;flxton] afnaflnsfsf] OHht a9fp 5. pglx df cf 6 cfp 5. afn;flxto eg]sf] Tof] xf] h;n] afnaflnsfdf tfut k bfg u5{. zf/ll/s / dfgl;s kdf pglx sf] ;f]r ;sf/ftds x'g5. ljz]iftm afnaflnsfnfo{ nlift u/]/ n]lvpsf] syf xf] Pp6f 36gfÚ. :s'n leqsf] kl/j]znfo{ ;d]6\g] d]/f] k of; xf]. k fo afnaflnsfn] untl u/]kl5 d}n] u/]sf] xf]og eg5g\, t/ o; syfdf ;'/]z kfqn] d}n] untl u/]sf] x' eg5. ;'/]zn] :jlsf/ u/]sf] pqm untl g} of] syfsf] d"n cfzo xf]. k ljlw;fusf] ;DaGw cfhsf] lbgdf k ljlw;fu hf] sf]xl klg glhlsg rfxg5. o;sf] k efjdf ;a} k/]sf 5g\. t/, o;sf] k efj afnaflnsfdf a9l 5 egg] s'/f w]/} cwoogn] b]vfpsf] 5. df]afon, Nofk6k, l6el, sdko'6/h:tf ;fwgdf a9l ;do latfpg] pglx cgfjzos lel8of] u]d, n'6kf6, rf]/l8s}tlh:tf lx+;ftds v]nk lt ;lhn} cfslif{t x'g5g\. h'g k f]u fdn] pglx sf] rf}tkml{ ljsf;df vf;} of]ubfg ub}{g. ljb]zdf o:tf k ljlwsf ;fdu L 1fg cfh{gsf nflu ;xfossf kdf k of]u x'g5g\. t/, xfd f] b]zdf o;sf] ;xl ;b'kof]uaf/] w]/} dflg; cgle1 5g\. k ljlwsf] ;xl k of]uaf/] afnaflnsfnfo{ plrt k/fdz{ lbg g;sg'n] pglx o;sf] udel/ c;/ ef]ug afwo 5g\. cleefjsnfo{ r'gf}tl cleefjsn] cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ s:tf] jftfj/0fdf x'sf{pg] egg] ljifodf udel/ ep/ ;f]rg'kg]{ a]nf cfpsf] 5. ljz]iftm k ljlwsf] k of]uaf/] pglx nfo{ s:tf] agfpg] egg] of]hgf cleefjsn] agfpg'k5{. cfkm";fu gep c sf ;fwg k of]u u/]/ ep klg afnaflnsf k ljlwsf] l;sf/ agg ;do nfub}g. cfdfa'afn] ;dod} ol ljifodf Wofg k' ofpg g;sbf pglx sf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] eljiod} k Zglrx\g nfug klg a]/ 5}g. To;}n] cleefjs of] ljifok lt c;fwo} rgfvf] x'g'kg]{ b]lvg5. cr]nsf cleefjsnfo{ ;lhnf] 5}g. lgs} r'gf}tl / k lt:kwf{alr 5f]/f5f]/L x'sf{pg'k5{. To;}n] ;lhnf] dfwodsf] vf]hl ;w}f eo/xg5. o;}qmddf k ljlw pglx sf nflu ;xfos ag]sf] 5. s}of}f cleefjs cfkm\gf ;fgf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ kmsfpg, e'nfpg df]afon, Nofk6k, l6elh:tf ;fwgsf] ;xf/f lng5g\. sf6'{g, l;g]df, ultdf e'nfp/ cfkm\gf] sfd Eofpg] w]/} cleefjssf] Wo]o x'g5. kmntm Tof] arrfdf k fljlws df]x olt al9;s5 ls Tof]ljgf p;nfo{ e'nfpg, kmsfpg, ;'tfpg, v'jfpg c;dejk fom eolbg5. To:tf] a]nf cleefjs lbss dfg5g\, arrfnfo{ s/fpf5g\, cln 7"nf] ep t xft} klg xfn5g\. t/, To:tf] lsg ep eg]/ ;f]rg] ;do pglx ;Fu x'fb}g. kmntm of] ;d:of ljs/fn agb} hfg5. uf]kfn 9sfn, dgf]lj1fg M rfalxnl:yt dfs{ g]kfn ;+:yfsf cwoif uf]kfn 9sfn ljlegg ;+3;+:yfdf dgf]lj1fg;dagwl k lzif0f lbg] u5{g\. k yd kfonfú gfds :jf:yo /fli6«o dfl;ssf pgl ;Dkfbs klg x'g\. k ljlwsf] l;sf/df afnaflnsf arrf lsg aflx/l ;dfh jf ;fylefox ;Fu 3'nldn x'g ;Sb}g < cfkm"nfo{ nfu]sf] s'/f lsg egb}g < lsg PSn} ;ff3'/f] sf]7fdf a:g?rfpf5 < lsg gaf]ng], lh2l ug]{, l/;fxf x'g], emls{g], lr8lr8fx6 x'g], rsrs ug]{, r~rn x'g], cn5l x'g], vfgf gvfg], c6]/ ug]{ x'g5g\ egg] ljifodf cleefjs lrlgtt x'g5g\, t/ pglx ;r]t x'fb}gg\. g]6df e]l6g] lx+;ftds lkmnd, v]n, sf6'{g / cznln lel8of]n] afnaflnsfdf s:tf] cf3ft k' ofo/x]sf] 5 egg]af/] ;fob} Jo:t cleefjsn] cffsng ug{ ;S5g\. t;y{, cleefjsn] ;dod} Wofg k' ofpg'k5{. cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] k/liffdf /fd f] c+s NofPgg\ eg]/ s/fpg], s'6lk6 ug]{ jf xksfpg] xf]og, s] sf/0fn] d]/f] arrf o:tf] eof] t egg] s'/fdf cg';gwfg u/l To;sf] ;dfwfglt/ pgd'v x'g'k5{. cleefjsn] s] ug]{ t < k ljlwsf] ;xl k of]uaf/] ;j{k yd cleefjs g} ;r]t x'g'k5{. cfkm" Nofk6k, df]afondf em'lg8g], t/ arrfnfo{ rnfpg x'gg eg]/ ufnl ug'{ klg plrt x'fb}g. cleefjsn] k ljlwaf6 lng ;Sg] lziffaf/] arrfnfo{ l;sfpg'k5{. pglx nfo{ ;do lbp/ pglx sf] s'/f ;'Gg] / pglx sf] efjgf a'em\g] k of; ug'{k5{. pglx sf] x]/ljrf/df rgfvf] ep/ nfug' x/]s cleefjssf] st{jo xf]. t/, sfdsf] Jo:ttfn] afnaflnsfnfo{ cleefjsn] ;do glbfbf pglx sf] /f]hfo g} k ljlw agg k'ug' cfhsf] lj8dagf xf]. d]/f] arrfn] df]afon, Nofk6k rnfpg hfgg] eof] eg]/ s}of}f cleefjs b+u k5{g\. t/, tl ;fwg s]sf nflu s;/l k of]u ub}{ 5 egg] s'/fdf cgle1 x'g5g\. ;xl tl/sf klg l;sfpg ;s]sf x'fb}gg\ sof}f cleefjsn]. t;y{ l6el, Nofk6k, sdko'6/ / cgo k ljlwsf ;fwgdf cleefjsn] cgfjzos sfo{qmd x6fp/ afnaflnsfsf nflu pko'qm k f]u fdsf] cleefjsn] k ljlwaf6 lng ;Sg] lziffaf/] arrfnfo{ l;sfpg'k5{. pglx nfo{ ;do lbp/ pglx sf] s'/f ;'Gg] / pglx sf] efjgf a'em\g] k of; ug'{k5{. pglx sf] x]/ljrf/df rgfvf] ep/ nfug' x/]s cleefjssf] st{jo xf]. t/, sfdsf] Jo:ttfn] afnaflnsfnfo{ cleefjsn] ;do glbfbf pglx sf] /f]hfo g} k ljlw agg k'ug' cfhsf] lj8dagf xf]. Joj:yf ul/lbg'k5{. pglx nfo{ /]l8of] l6eldf klg 1fgj4{s sfo{qmd ;'Gg / x]g{ clek ]l/t ug'{k5{. Tof] klg lglzrt ;do dfq. df]afon s]sf nflu, Nofk6k s]sf nflu, l6el, sdko'6/ s]sf nflu, logsf /fd f / g/fd f kifaf/] pglx nfo{ hfgsf/l lbg'k5{. Pp6f arrfn] hlxn] klg cleefjsaf6 ;fy / ;xof]usf] ck]iff u/]sf] x'g5. lkmnd x]/]/ r'k\ nfu]/ a;\, u]d v]n]/ a;\ egg'sf] ; f d;fu} efg;fdf cfp/ ;3fpg' jf cgo sfddf ;+nug u/fpg ;lsg5. o;n] pglx nfo{ Jofjxfl/s agg klg ;xof]u k'u5. arrfnfo{ s:tf] agfpg] egg] s'/f cleefjsdf lge{/ x'g] s'/f xf]. To;}n] cleefjs g} r's] eg] arrfsf] eljiodf cjzo g} k Zglrx\g nfu5. k :t'lt M /rgf >]i7 29 ;lgbk Gof}kfg]

17 s'/fsfgl s'/fsfgl xfdl cy{k"0f{ afn ;xeflutfdf ljzjf; /fv5f} g]kfndf ;]e b lrn8]«gú n] sfd ug{ yfn]sf] slt eof]< ;]e b lrn8]«gún] g]kfndf sfd ug{ yfn]sf] $) jif{ eof]. o;sf] Oltxf;af/] k sfz kfl/lbg'xf];\ g. klxnf klxnf ;]e b lrn8«]g o'p;p, o's], gj]{, hfkfg eg]/ a]unfa]un} ;]e b lrn8«]gsf] gfddf sfd x'gyof]. df ;]e b lrn8]«gsf] gfddf dfq sfd ug]{] cjwf/0ff cfof]. g]kfndf klg ;]e b lrn8«]g dfq ep/ sfd ug{ yfn]sf] kf r jif{ eof]. klxnf ;]e b lrn8«]gn] afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf k ToIf kl/rfng ug]{ lx;fan] sfd uyof]{. h:t}, afnaflnsfsf] :jf:yosf] If]qdf sfd ug'{k of] eg] ;Lw} c:ktfn rnfpg] / ;]jf lbg] sfd x'gyof]. lziffsf] If]qdf :s'n, 8]s]o/ ;]G6/ rnfpg] sfd uyof]{. t/, ljut b'o{ bzsb]lv eg] ;fem]bf/ldf sfd ug]{ egg] cjwf/0ff cfpsf] 5. o;sf d'vo sfo{ If]q s'g s'g x'g\ < ;]e b lrn8«]gn] ljz]ifu/l afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf sfd u5{. g]kfnsf ljlegg ;+3;+:yf; u ldn]/ afnaflnsfsf nflu sfd ug{ of] ;+:yf nfluk/]sf] 5. g]kfndf of] ;+:yfn] afnaflnsfsf nflu % j6f If]qdf sfd u5{. afnclwsf/ zf;g, afn ;+/If0f, lziff, :jf:yo tyf kf]if0f / afn ul/al. afnclwsf/ zf;g / afnaflnsfsf] ul/alnfo{ kmfpg8];gsf kdf lnp/ To;}df c s'/f hf]8\g] lx;fan] sfd ul//x]sf 5f}. ;]e b lrn8«]gsf] sfdaf/] egg'kbf{ xfdl afnsfo{qmdsf] l;4fgtaf6 hfg5f }. afnclwsf/sf] sfo{qmddf tlgj6f kf6f x'g5g\. klxnf] eg]sf] afnclwsf/sf] pnn+3g /f]sg xfdl k of; ul//x]sf 5f}. sf]xl afnaflnsf :s'n upsf] 5}g eg] p;nfo{ :s'ndf s;/l Nofpg] egg]tkm{ hfu?s 5f}. ljbfno hfgaf6 jl~rt afnaflnsfnfo{ ;d]6\g' xfd f] p2]zo xf]. bf]; f] eg]sf] ;/sf/sf] glltlgodnfo{ bl/nf] agfpg] / t]; f] afnaflnsfnfo{ gful/s ;dfhdf ;d]6\g xfdl lg/gt/ nflu/x]sf 5f}. afnaflnsf eg]sf clwsf/ kfpg'kg]{ JolQm jf clwsf/wf/s x'g\ eg] ;/sf/ k f]h]s6 ;lsg]lalqs} xfd f sfo{qmd ;ls b}gg\. xfdln] To:tf sfo{qmddf hf]8 lbg5f } h;n] ;/sf/sf] glltnfo{ alnof] agfp 5. ;/sf/n] afnaflnsfk ltsf] st{jo k"/f ug'{k5{ egg]df hf]8 lbg5f}. afnaflnsfsf] hlljsf]kfh{gsf] s'/f ubf{ cleefjs; u u5f }{. l8nnl u'/fufo{+{f afnclwsf/ zf;g / afn;+/if0f, lgb]{zs ;]e b lrn8«]g Tof] clwsf/ k"/f ug{ a;]sf] lhdd]jf/ lgsfo. ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] pq/bflotj s;/l k"/f ug]{ / afnaflnsfn] cfˆgf] clwsf/ s;/l k fkt ug]{{ egg] wf/0ffnfo{ a9fjf lbg of] ;+:yfn] sfd u5{. cgo ;+3;+:yfsf] el8df ;]e b lrn8«]gsf] 5' } klxrfg s]n] ;Dej agfpsf] xf] < k yd ljzjo'4df ;]e b lrn8«]gsf] cjwf/0ff ljsf; epsf] elgg5. afnaflnsfnfo{ o'4sf] rk]6fdf kg{ glbg o;sf] :yfkgf epsf] dflgg5. klxnf ;]e b lrn8«]g ljzjsf] Ps dfq ;+:yf lyof] afnaflnsfsf nflu sfd ug]{. t/, clxn] t w]/} ;+:yfsf] hgd eo;s]sf] 5. tl ;+:yfegbf km/s ep/ pleg xfdlnfo{ x/]s If0f r'gf}tlk"0f{ 5. jf:tjdf ;]e b lrn8«]g c ;+:yfegbf km/s o;sf] sfo{z}nldf xf]. xfdl ;'/lift / cy{k"0f{ afn;xeflutfdf ljzjf; /fv]/ To;nfO{ a9fjf lbp/ sfd u5f }{. s'g} klg lg0f{on] afnaflnsfnfo{ c;/ u5{ eg] Tof] lg0f{o ug]{ k lqmofdf afnaflnsfnfo{ ljrf/ /fvg] cj;/ lbg'k5{ egg] xfd f] dfgotf xf]. afnclwsf/;dagwl dxf;lgwdf cfwfl/t ep/ xfdln] sfd ug]{ u/]sf 5f}. o;n] klg afn ;xeflutfnfo{ :jlsf/ u/]/ clwsf/sf kdf :yfkgf u/]sf] 5. To:t}, c ;+:yfsf] egbf km/s x'g'sf] csf]{ sf/0f eg]sf] k f]h]s6 ;lsg]lalqs} xfd f sfo{qmd ;ls b}gg\. xfdln] To:tf sfo{qmddf hf]8 lbg5f } h;n] ;/sf/sf] glltnfo{ alnof] agfp 5. ;/sf/n] afnaflnsfk ltsf] st{jo k"/f ug'{k5{ egg]df hf]8 lbg5f}. afnaflnsfsf] hlljsf]kfh{gsf] s'/f ubf{ cleefjs; u u5f }{. o;df xfd f] gof kg s] xf] eg] hlljsf]]kfh{gsf] s'/f ubf{ kl/jf/sf] cfdbfgl a9\g'; u dfq} xfdl ;Gt'i6 x' b}gf}. cfdbfgl a9]/ p;sf] 3/sf] arrfn] k fkt u/]sf] ;Gt'li6 xfdl x]g{ rfxg5f}. ;]e b lrn8«]gsf] clxn]sf] k fyldstf s] xf] < clxn] xfd f] tlgjif]{ /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] ;do rln/x]sf] 5. afnaflnsfsf If]qdf xfdln] tlgj6f s'/fnfo{ qm; sl6ª d'2fsf] kdf lnpsf 5f}. xfdl o;df h]g8/ ;]G;]l6e / h]g8/ 6«fG;km/d]l6e lx;fan] hf b} 5f}. clxn] ljlegg l/lhn]g6sf] wf/0ff klg cfpsf] 5. l/lhn]g6 eggfn] s;}nfo{ s'g} rf]6 k/]sf] 5 eg] Tof] rf]6 jf kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf u/]/ ;dfhnfo{ s;/l cufl8 a9fpg] egg] xf]. To:t}, afpg; Aofs a]6/sf] wf/0ff klg cfpsf] 5. o;}u/l ckf+utf epsf afnaflnsfsf nflu klg xfdln] sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ug]{ sf]l;; ul//x]sf 5f}. lsgeg], pglx sf nflu afnclwsf/ r'gf}tlk"0f{ 5. pglx sf] lziff, :jf:yo / ;'/Iffsf] ljifonfo{ k fyldstfdf /fv]/ xfdl lxfl8/x]sf 5f}. lziffsf] If]qdf ;]e b lrn8«]gsf] e"ldsfaf/] atfolbg'xf];\ g. lziffsf] If]qdf clxn] xfdln] b'o{j6f s'/fnfo{ hf]8 lbpsf 5f}. h;cgtu{t cfwf/e"t / cnl{ rfon8x'8 s]o/ PG8 8]enkd]G6 Ph's];g k5{g\. Ol;l;8Ldf tlg b]lv ^ jif{;ddsf arrfnfo{ :s'ndf k7fpg'egbf cufl8sf] lziff lbg] u/]sf 5f}. o;n] afnaflnsfnfo{ :s'n hfg'egbf klxnf Toxf sf] jftfj/0fdf 3'nldn x'g d2t u5{. xfdln] lziffdf afnaflnsfsf] kx' rsf ;fy;fy} u'0f:t/df klg Wofg k' ofpg] u/]sf 5f}. clxn] g]kfnsf k fylds txsf #=* k ltzt afnaflnsf dfq :s'negbf aflx/ /x]sf] kfog5. tl afnaflnsf sf] x'g\ < lsg :sn hf b}gg\ egg]df hf]8 xfdln] lbg5f }. lziffdf kx' r gepsf afnaflnsfsf nflu ;]e b lrn8«]gsf] z}lifs sfo{qmdn] x]5{. To:t}, :s'n hfg' dfq} 7"nf] s'/f xf]og u'0f:t/lo lziff kfpg' klg pglx sf] clwsf/ xf]. xfd f] b]zsf] cf};t l;sfo pknlaw Psbd} sd 5. ;fd'bflos ljbfnosf] t emg} Go"g kfog5. afnaflnsfsf nflu u'0f:t/lo lziff k bfg ug{ xfdln] xfd f] tkm{af6 ;Sbf] k of; ul//x]sf 5f }. lziff If]qdf ;]e b lrn8«]gsf yk sfd s] s] x'g\ < cfjzos k/]sf] a]nf ef}lts ;+/rgfsf nflu klg ;xof]u u5f} {. To:t}, lx+;fd'qm jftfj/0fdf afnaflnsfnfo{ s;/l k9fpg] eg]/ lzifs tflnd lbg5f}. ;'/lift ljbfno agfpg' / pglx sf] l;sfo pknlawsf nflu a9fjf;d]t ug]{ u/]sf 5f}. ;/sf/n] cfˆgftkm{af6 sfd ul//x]sf] 5, t/ xfdln] ug]{ eg]sf] lziffk lt ;fdflhs hgr]tgf hufpg' xf]. ;fdflhs kfgt/0fsf] af6f]df sfd ug'{ xfd f] d'vo sfo{qmd xf]. cleefjsnfo{ cfˆgf afnaflnsfsf] lziffaf/] rf;f] nfug] agfpg' xfd f] p2]zo xf]. :s'naflx/ /x]sf afnaflnsf k fom lgdg cfly{s l:ylt epsf / a'afcfdf u'dfpsf dfq 5g\. pglx nfo{ ljbfno;dd k' ofpg / cfˆgf] xs clwsf/af/] af]ng xfdln] pt;flxt u/fo/x]sf 5f}. of] sfddf ;]e b lrn8«]g; u} c sf] sf] 5g\ < ;/sf/l, u}/;/sf/l / ljlegg ;~hfn; u ldn]/ xfdl sfd ul//x]sf 5f}. lziff dgqfno, ljefu, lhnnf lziff sfof{no ;a}sf] ;xsfo{df xfdl cufl8 al9/x]sf 5f}. lziff; u ;DalGwt w]/} ;+3;+:yf xfd f] ;xsfo{df 5g\. /fli6«o:t/df jsfntsf sfd ug'{kbf{ lziff; u sfd ug]{ g]6js{; u ;DalGwt /x]/ sfd ug]{ u/]sf 5f}. ;]e b lrn8«]gn] P;f]l;P;g ckm OG6/g];gn Pglhcf]x sf] ;b:osf lx;fan] klg lziffsf] If]qdf sfd ul//x]sf] 5. tkfo{ x sfo{qmdsf] k efjsfl/tf s;/l dfkg ug'{x'g5 < cfopglhcf]n] ug]{ sfd eg]sf] df]8n agfpg] xf]. ;/sf/sf] xf/fxf/ldf sfd ug]{ xf]og. ;/sf/n] ug]{ sfd ;/sf/n] g} u5{. s'g} ljifoj:t'df df]8n b]vfp/ ;xof]u ug]{ sfd xfdl u5f} {. kmg8 xfdlnfo{ k f]h]s6af6 cfp 5. xfdln] sfd u/]sf] / gu/]sf] If]qdf ToxfFsf] pknlawsf] lx;fan] km/s k5{. xfdln] sfd u/]sf If]qdf afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutf, ljsf; / Ifdtfdf eg] clej[l4 epsf] 5. of] xfd f] sfdsf] ;kmntfsf] Pp6f ;"rs xf]. afnaflnsfsf nflu caf}{+ vr]{ klg afnaflnsf;dagwl cg]s ;d:of p:t} 5g\ elgg5. tkfo{ s] egg'x'g5 < aflx/af6 x]/]/ afnaflnsfsf If]qdf s]xl klg sfd epsf] 5}g egg] s'/fsf] d lj/f]w u5'{. s'g} ;+:yfn] nufgl u/]cg';f/sf] k ltkmn gkfpnf. To:t}, s'g} k f]h]s6 km]n vfnf, Tof] 5' } s'/f xf]. sltko cj:yfdf ;+:yfsf] cfly{s cifdtfsf sf/0fn] ;d'bfodf hfg'kg]{ xf], Tof] gupsf] klg x'g ;S5. ;a}n] /fd f] sfd u/]sf 5g\ egg] klg 5}g. t/, hltn] hxf hxf sfd u/]sf 5g\ Toxf sf] pknlaw Psbd} /fd f] 5. ufp ufp sf afnaflnsfn] afn Snadf /x]/ w]/} sfd u/]sf 5g\. pglx cfˆgf s'/f ;a};fd' v'n]/ /fvg ;Sg] epsf 5g\. Tof] g} Pp6f 7"nf] pknlaw xf]. To:tf afnaflnsfnfo{ s;}n] klg zf]if0f ug{ ;Sb}g. pglx Pp6f c;n gful/s x'g tof/l ub}{ 5g\. ;d:of s]df 5 eg] s'g} 7fp df a9l ;+:yfn] sfd u5{g\ eg] s'g} 7fp df sd. of] s'/f ;/sf/sf] glltlgdf{0fsf] sfof{gjogdf e/ k5{. ;]e b lrn8«]gn] ;a} lhnnfdf sfd ug{ EofPsf] 5 < xfdln] ;a} lhnnfdf ;a} k f]h]s6 lnp/ sfd u/]sf 5}gf}. t/, Unf]an kmg8 egg] k f]h]s6af6 eg] &% g} lhnnfdf sfd ug]{ u/]sf] 5. cfufdl of]hgfaf/] atfolbg'xf];\ g. ;]e b lrn8«]g Pp6f ljzjjofkl cleofg xf]. ;Dd ;l:6g]an 8]enkd]G6 uf]n; egg] cjwf/0ff cfpsf] 5. To;; u} ldng] u/l ;]e b lrn8«]gn] cfˆgf] PlDa;g km/ egl!% jif]{ /0fgLlt tof/ kf/]sf] 5. To;df tlgj6f s'/fnfo{ hf]8 lbpsf] 5. s'g} klg kffr jif{d'lgsf] arrf /f]syfd ug{ ;lsg] vfnsf] /f]u nfu]/ dg'{epg. To:t}, afnaflnsfsf] lziffdf dfq xf]og, u'0f:t/df klg Wofg lbg'k5{. csf]{ eg]sf] afnaflnsf;dagwl lx+;f st} klg ;x]/ ga:g] egg] s'/fnfo{ xfdln] xfd f] sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z u/]sf 5f}. o:tf sfo{qmdn] s;/l of]ubfg k' ofp 5, xfdl ToxL x]5f}+{. ;/sf/sf] of]hgfnfo{ xfdln] ;xfotf u/]/ cufl8 a9\g] of]hgf agfpsf 5f}

18 :ynut :ynut l;kmnsf] afn ;+/If0f u[xdf k'ubf=== ;+/If0f u[xsf] efg;f3/df ljb]zlx sf] rxnkxnn] dnfo{ klg tfgof]. :k]gaf6 cfpsf 6f]nLn] Tof] lbg afnaflnsfx sf] nflu cfkmf }n] vfhf agfpg] lgwf] u/]sf /x]5g\ afn cf>d / ToxfFsf] j:t'l:yltaf/] a'em\gsf nflu Ps lbg l;kmnsf]] afn ;+/If0f u[xtkm{ nfu]f. zfgt jftfj/0f, ljb]zl kfx'gfx sf] lg/gt/ cfjthfjt, rf/}lt/ xl/ofnl / ; ;fgf afnaflnsfx sf] afsnf] rxnkxn. ;+/If0f u[xsf] uf9f lgnf] /ªsf] u]6af6 leq l5g]{lalqs} b]lvpsf] b[io xf] of]. leq l5bf{ kx]fnf] ;f8ldf sfnf] rf]nf] nufpsl Ps dlxnfn] s]xl afnaflnsfx nfo{ ;/;kmfo{ ug{ l;sfo/x]sl lyog\. s'g}s'g}n] c6]/ ub}{ lyp Sof/] pgl xsfb}}{ lyog\. pgsf] xksfo ;'g]/ afnaflnsfx? s'rrf] af]sl cfkm" a:g] xf]:6nsf] ;/;kmfo{df h'6]. xf]:6nsf] affofkl /x]sf] Pstn] ejgdf!) hgf afnaflnsfx sf] Pp6f ;d'x 6]lnlehg x]l//x]sf] lyof]. /ftf] s'tf{ / ;'?jfndf ;lhpsl Ps dlxnfn] 6]lnlehg x]l//x]sf cgo afnaflnsfnfo{ klg ;/;kmfo{sf nflu cx fog\. b]v]hlt ;a} ;/;kmfodf h'6]kl5 d}n] ;f]w]f oxff ;kmf ug]{ dfg5] 5}g <Ú. d]/f] ;f]wfo unt lyof] jf dfg5] / ;do clg 7fpF. pgl d;fu l/;fog h:tf] nfuof]. afnaflnsfx nfo{ cfkm\gf] sfd cfkm} ug]{ ceof; cgt/ut b}lgs ;[hgf v8\sf lqmofsnfkx df ;xeful u/fpg] u/]sf] pgn] atfog\. ToxfFsf] Joj:yfkg pgsf] lhddfdf /x]5. efg;fdf ksfpg] ;fdu Lsf] agbf]a:t ug]{b]lv afnaflnsfx la/fdl k/] eg] x]g]{ / pkrf/sf nflu Joj:yfkg ug]{ lhddf pgs} /x]5. rf/}lt/ n:s/} nfu]sf Pstn] ejgx, xl/ofnl?v la?jfsf] ;fydf rp/df el/psf] l6nlkn kfgl. ev{/} kfgl k/]/ phoflnpsf] v'nnf df};d, 38Ldf l7s lbpf;f]sf]! ahg} nfu]sf] lyof]. k/af6 b'o{hgf ;fgf;fgf afnsx cfpsf] b]v]f. pglx?s'dsf bfh'efo 6f]k axfb'/ / xl/axfb'/ s];l /x]5g\. pglx b'a}n] cfkm"x lqj]0fl kljns :s'ndf k9\g] atfp.!# jif]{ bfh' 6f]k siff ( df k9\g] /x]5g\ eg] % jif]{ efo xl/ o's]hldf. ;fdfgo l6;6{ / xfkm kfog6 nufpsf pglx sf] cg'xf/ dlng lyof]. 6f]kn] ;f]w]sf] k Zgsf] hjfkm lbo/x]sf lyp eg] ;fgf] xl/ eg] vf;} af]n]gg\. 6f]knfO{ pgsf] cfkmgtsf] af/]df ;f]wbf s]xl af]n]gg\ dfq cffvfel/ cff;' kf/]. s]xl ;dokl5 pglx b'a} ToxfFaf6 bf}8]/ xf]:6]n tkm{ nfu]. slxn]b]lv oxff x'g'x'g5 < nueu! jif{b]lv cfˆgf] sfo{ef/ ;Dxfln/x]sf] 5'. afn ;+/If0f u[xsf] af/]df s]xl atfolbg'xf];\ g< o;sf] :yfkgf Dff epsf] xf]. oxff xfn &! hgf afnaflnsfx cfl>t 5g\. tldwo] #^ hgfsf] a'afcfdf sf/fuf/df 5g\.!! hgf ckfª\utf epsf afnaflnsfx 5g\ hgf gs;fnsf] afn dlgb/af6 NofPsf afnaflnsfx 5g\. g]kfn afn ;+u7gn] b'o{ lsl;dsf] sfo{qmd ug]{ u/]sf] 5. klxnf] ljbfnox ;~rfng ug]{ / bf]; f] afn u[x ;~rfng ug]{. of] afn ;+/If0f u[xdf xfdln] ;+/If0f laxlg / sf/fuf/df cfl>t afnaflnsfx nfo{ cf>o lbo/x]sf 5f}F. xfdln] h;sf] a'afcfdf sf/fuf/df 5g\ pglx sf] arrfnfo{ dfq oxff /fvg] u/]sf lyoff}. ut jif{sf] e"sdkn] gs;fnsf] s]lgb o ejg etsfpkl5 eg] hgf afnsflnsfx nfo{ klg oxff NofPsf 5f}F. tkfo{fsf] clxn];ddsf] sfo{ cg'ejaf/] atfolbg'xf];\ g< d oxff hflu/ vfg cfpsf] xf]og. ;dfhdf s]xl ug'{k5{ egg] d]/f] p2]zo xf]. tna ;'ljwfsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgdg :t/sf sd{rf/lsf] xf/fxf/ldf klg 5}g. afn ;+u7gsf w]/} ;fylx n] lgm:jfy{ efjgfn] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\. c? 7fpFdf sfd ug'{ / oxff sfd ug'{ lgs} km/s 5. lsgeg], oxffsf] sfo{ cg'ejn] dgdf cfggb / cftd;gt'li6 lbnfpf5. tkfo{fnfo{ afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ k ]/0ff s;/l ldnof] < of]egbf klxnf d Pp6f xf]6ndf dfs]{l6ª Dofg]h/sf] kdf sfo{/t lyp. lj:tf/} cfˆg}?rln] afn;+u7gdf :jod\ ;]jssf] kdf sfd ug{ yfn]f. Tof] a]nf gfd, bfd / sfdsf] nflu g} oxff k j]z u/]sf] lypf. t/ oxff cfp/ sfd ug{ yfn]kl5 d]/f] b[li6sf]0f g} ablnof]. lhgbulnfo{ d}n] oxlf cfp/ a'em]f. lhgbul eg]sf] kfglsf] kmf]sf xf], cfh 5 ef]nl 5}g egg] nfuof]. To;}n] afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f / pglx sf] phjn eljiosf] nflu sfd ug{ yfn]f. klxnf oxlfaf6 x's]{/ upsf w]/} afnaflnsfx o; ;+:yfsf] bftf ag]/ cfpsf 5g\. k foh;f] afnaflnsfx n] cfˆgf] cftdljzjf; oxlf cfp/ a9fpsf 5g\. lo ofjt s'/fx n] d]/f]] pt;fx a9]sf] 5. afnaflnsfsf] ;kmntfn] g} d lg/gt/ k ]l/t alg/x]f. afn ;+/If0f u[xsf] ef}lts ;+/rgf s:tf] 5 < afn ;+/If0f u[xsf] # j6f ejgx 5g\. h;df!& j6f sf]7fx cf]6f Pstn] ejgx 5g\ eg] xf]:6nsf] nflu ltg tn] Pp6f ejg 5. xf]:6nsf] e'fo{sf] tnfdf efox, dflynnf] tnfdf alxglx / ;a}egbf dflysf] tnfdf Pp6f 7"nf] xn 5. ToxfF xfdln] ljlegg sfo{qmdx ug]{ u/]sf 5f}F. xf]:6nsf] bfofk L epsf] Pstn] ejgdf ckfª\utf epsf efoalxglx nfo{ /fv5f}f. ;f]xl If]qdf s]gb k d'vx a:g] Sjf6/ klg 5. To:t} afoffkl afnaflnsfx sf] nflu l6el x]g]{ Pp6f 7"nf] sf]7f / ;fydf efg;fsf]7f klg 5. oxff cfl>t afnaflnsfx sf] b}lgsl s;/l lat5 < ;fdfgotof pglx laxfg p7]/ k fy{gf u5{g\. afnaflnsfx laxfg / lbpf;f] b'o{ ;d"xdf :s'n k9\5g\\. laxfg k9\g] efoalxglx lrof vfp/ :s'n hfg5g\. lbpf;f] k9\g]x eg] xf]dcf]s{ ug{ yfn5g\. ( ah]lt/ vfgf tof/ x'g5. lbpf;f]! ah] ;a}hgf lbpf;f]sf] vfhf vfg e]nf x'g5g\. ;ffemsf] s]xl ;do eg] pglx u[xsfo{ ug{df Jo:t x'g5g\. cltl/qm lqmofsnfkdf?lr epsf ljbfyl{x nfo{ ;+ult / g[to siffdf ;dfj]z u/fpg] u/]sf 5f}F. ksfpg]b]]vl ;/;kmfodf pglx xfdlnfo{ ;xof]u u5{g\. pglx nfo{ ;s];dd cftdlge{/ agfpgsf] nflu xfdln] ljlegg sfdx l;sfpf5f}. ;ffem ^ & ah]lt/ a]n'slsf] vfgf v'jfpf5f}. s]xl ;do 6]lnlehg x]5{g\ / ;'Tg hfg5g\. o;/l g} pglx sf] b}lgsl lalt/x]sf] 5. oxffsf nflu cfo>f]t sxffaf6 h'6fpg' x'g5 < xfd f] k d'v cfo>f]t eg]sf] ;/sf/l cg'bfg / bftfx n] ug]{ ;xof]u g} xf]. oxff epsf afnaflnsfx sf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglzrttfsf] nflu s] s:tf kxnx ul//xg'epsf] 5 < ;fdfgtof xfdln]!^ jif{;dd afnaflnsfx nfo{ oxff /fvg] u/]sf 5f}F. pglx sf] clwsf/ eg]s} pglx nfo{ lbg] lziff lbiff xf]. pglx cfˆgf] v' fdf pleg ;s"g\ egg] xfd f] d'vo p2]zo xf]. xfdln] g]kfnl k/dk/f cg';f/ dgfpg] x/]s rf8kj{x afnaflnsfx ;Fu} a;]/ dgfpf5f}f. oxffsf efoalxglsf] a'afcfdf sf/fuf/af6 5'6]kl5 pxffx nfo{ g} lhddf nufpg] u/]sf 5f}F. cfdfa'af gepsf efoalxglx nfo{ eg] ;dfhdf k'g{:yfkgf gep;dd pglx sf] x]/ljrf/ ug]{ u/]sf 5f}F. o; dwo]sf sf]xl afnaflnsfx l;p, g]kfn k x/lsf] dflynnf] lgsfosf sd{rf/l / lghfdlt sd{rf/l ;d]t ag]sf 5g\. afn ;+/If0f u[xsf d'vo r'gf}tlx s] s] x'g\ < oxff sfo{/t xfdl ;a}n] tgdg nufp/ sfd ug'{k5{. oxffsf ljbfyl{x nfo{ c;n gful/s agfpg] k of; g} xfd f]nflu d'vo r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5. afns[i0f 8ª\uf]n lgldq lgb]{zs g]kfn afn ;+u7g afn ;+/If0f u[x afn Joj;foL s]gb l;kmn sf7df8f}. afnaflnsfx s'g k lqmof cg';f/n] oxff egf{ x'g5g\ < sf/fuf/af6 s'g} afnaflnsf Nofpg' k of] eg] sf/fuf/af6} kq k7fpkl5 dfq xfdln] l;kmfl/; u5ff}{. ;+/If0flaxLg afnaflnsfx sf] xsdf eg] :yflgo lgsfo, l;l8cf] sfof{no / gu/kflnsfaf6 cfdfa'af b'a} d[to' epsf] jf cfdfn] bf]; f] lax] u/]sf] / a'afsf] d[to' epsf afnaflnsfx nfo{ egf{ u5f}{f. To:t} k'ln;n] a]afl/;] cj:yfdf km]nf kf/]sf afnaflnsfx nfo{ vf]htnf; s]gb df /fvl ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k sflzt u/]/ klg pglx sf] cleefjs e]l6pg eg] xfd f]df /fvg] u/]sf 5f}F. k foh;f] s'g pd]/sf afnaflnsfx oxff cfl>t 5g\ < c:ktfndf e]l6g] afnaflnsfx ev{/ hgd]sf]b]lv % ^ dlxgf;ddsf x'g5g\. vf]htnf; s]gb n] e] fpg] afnsflnsfx eg]] lxf88'n ug{ ;Sg] vfnsf x'g5g\. t/ l;l8cf] sfof{non] k7fpg] eg]sf] ;a} pd]/sf efoalxglx x'g5g\. ;fdfgotof * jif{;ddsf afnaflnsfx nfo{ xfdl egf{ lng5f}f. tkfo{fx? slthgf x'g'x'g5 afnaflnsfsf] /]vb]vsf nflu <!% hgf sd{rf/lx oxff vl6psf 5f}F. cfufdl of]hgfsf] af/]df atfolbg'xf];\ g < xfdln] ljlegg pd]/sf!) hgf afnaflnsfx nfo{ 5' f5' } 3/ agfp/ /fvg] ;f]r agfpsf 5f}F. h;df Pp6f 5' } kl/jf/ agfpg] / ;Dk"0f{ d'nl Pp6f cfdfnfo{ agfpg] of]hgf 5. arrfx nfo{ nfug] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ ToxL cfdfnfo{ lbg] ;f]r 5. To;/L afnsflnsfnfo{ /fvbf pglx nfo{ klg kl/jf/df g} a;]sf] h:tf] cg'e"lt xf];\. pglx sf] kl5 nfub} d klg xf]:6]ntkm{ nfu]f. ToxfF Pshgf afnlsf;fu e]6 eof]. pgl afn ;+/If0f u[x;fu} hf]l8psf] afn Joj;flos dfwolds ljbfnodf siff!) sl ddtf v8\sf /lxl5g\. pgn] cfˆgf] s'/f o;/l kf]lvg\ dnfo{ oxff s;n] / slxn]] Nofof] s]xl yfxf 5}g. ;fg}a]nfdf NofP/ 5f]8]sf] egy]. oxffsf] cfdfn]] P;Pn;L ;s]kl5 d]/f cleefjs lng cfpf5g\ /]Ú. ;fg}b]lv afn ;+/If0f u[xdf x'ls{psf] x'fbf oxl u[x cfˆg} 3/ h:tf] nfug] pgl atfpfl5g\. siff * df k9\g] pgsl?dkf6{g/ ultf yfkf du/ cfˆgf] af/]df s]xl af]lngg\. xfd f] s'/f ;'g]/ df}g /lxg\. s]xl ;dokl5 afn ;+u7gsf] ckfª\utf epsf afnaflnsfx /fvg] sf]7fdf k'u]f. ToxfF $ hgf afnaflnsfx lbk]z ;fksf]6f, lk tl >]i7, /f]hl aflnsf / k ]dnfo{ lxjn lro/df /fv]/ vfhf v'jfofb} lyof]. pglx af]ng / lxf8\g g;sg] /x]5g\. slxn]sfxlf pglx nfo{ km ]; agfpg aflx/lt/ Xljn lro/d} /fv]/ 8'nfpg] ul/psf] pglx sl :jod ;]ljsfn] atfog\. s]xl k/ ;+/If0f u[xsf] sfof{nodf s'g} ljifodf 5nkmn rln/x]sf] klg b]v]f. s] ljifodf ax; rln/x]sf] /x]5 elg lh1f;f;fu} Tot}tkm{ nfu]f. ToxfF ljb]zl bftfx ;Fu sfof{no k d'v / sd{rf/lx a;]/ ;+/If0f u[x ;~rfngsf] af/]df 5nkmn rln/x]sf] lyof]. ;f]xlqmddf ljutdf afn ;+/If0f u[xd} sfo{/t /x]sf eqmaxfb'/ lji6;fu e]6 eof]. pgn] cfˆgf] sfo{cg'ejaf/]df atfpfb} o:tf ;+:yfx n] afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f / lxtsf] nflu dxtjk"0f{ 6]jf k'ug] atfp. afnaflnsfx sf] cfjzostfnfo{ dwogh/ ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbfb} pgn] afnaflnsfsf] xs / lxtsf] nflu kxn ug'{kg]{ hfgsf/l lbp. ;xl lbzftkm{ afnaflnsfx nfo{ n}hfg ;s]sf] v08df pglx sf] eljio phhjn x'g] pgsf] egfo lyof]. cfkm"n] g} x'sf{p/ a9fpsf sltko afnaflnsfx clxn] b]zljb]zsf ljlegg 7fpFdf /x]sf]df v'zl JoQm u/]. ;+/If0f u[xsf] efg;f3/df ljb]zlx sf] rxnkxnn] dnfo{ klg tfgof]. :k]gaf6 cfpsf 6f]nLn] Tof] lbg afnaflnsfx sf] nflu cfkmf}n] vfhf agfpg] lgwf] u/]sf /x]5g\. P;Pn;L ;s]/!! siff k9\g] t/v/ u/]sf ;'lbk du/ pglx nfo{{ ;3fO/x]sf lyp. pgl;fusf] s'/fsfgldf pgn] cfˆgf] km';{bsf] ;do efg;fdf ;xof]u u/l latfpfb} cfpsf] atfp. eljiodf afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ nio lnpsf pgl prr lziffsf] nflu sxff / s] ljifo k9\g] eg]/ cem} bf]wf/df /x]sf] v'nf;f u/]. lbpf;f]sf] vfhf vfg] ;do eo;s]sf] lyof]. afnaflnsfx PsPs ub}{ efg;fdf e]nf ep. pglx ;a}nfo{ :k]lg; 6f]nL / ToxfFsf sd{rf/l ldn]/ vfhf lbp. ;fgf;fgf afnaflnsfx pglx n] lbpsf] vfhf /dfo{/dfo{ vfg yfn]. d eg] afn ;+/If0f u[xsf lgb]{zs afns[i0f 8ª\uf]n;Fu s'/f ug{ egl cs}{ sf]7fdf upf

19 /fd f] ceof; /fd f] ceof; xfdln] kl;gf aufp/, xftdf 7]nf p7\g] u/l sfd u/]/ kmnfpsf] cgg vfg kfpfbf uj{ dxz'; x'g5. xfd f] cfkm\gf] 3/ v]t gep klg cfdf 3/sf ;a}n] o:tf ceof;x ug{ kfpsf 5f}F. cfdf3/sf afnaflnsf v]tdf cfdf3/sf tfgaxfb'/ k'g atfpf5g\. cgfjzos vfgf km\offsg] afnaflnsfsf] k j[lq /f]sg klg of] ceof;n] ;xof]u ldn]sf] pgsf] cg'ej 5. lsgls, pglx :jo+ cgg ptkfbg k lqmofdf ;xeful epkl5 slt ldlxg]t kbf]{ /x]5 xfd f] ef]s d]6fpg vfg] cgg kmnfpg eg]/ a'em\5g\. afnaflnsfn] y'k } s'/fsf] cg'ej a6'ng kfpg] epsfn] o:tf] sfo{qmd ub}{ cfpsf] pgn] atfp. cfdf3/ kmfpg8];gdf a:b} cfpsl ;+ultf sfsl{ ;+:yfsf] o:tf] ceof;k lt lgs} ;sf/ftds epsf] atfpfl5g\. k j]lzsf k/liff pql0f{ u/]sl pgn] cfdf3/ ;fflrrs} cfdf 3/ epsf] ;'gfpfl5g\. pgl elg5g\, v]tdf sfd ubf{ /dfonf] x'g5. kl/>d ug{ k/] klg ;a} ldn]/ ubf{ vf;} ldlxg]t ug{ kg]{ h:tf] gx'g] /x]5. d}n] wfg /f]kg oxlfaf6 l;s]f. kl/>dsf] kmn dl7f] x'g5 egy] xf] /x]5. xfdln] kl;gf aufp/, xftdf 7]nf p7\g] u/l sfd u/]/ kmnfpsf] cgg vfg kfpfbf uj{ dx;'; x'g5. xfd f] cfkm\gf] 3/v]t gep klg cfdf3/sf ;a}n] o:tf ceof; ug{ kfpsf 5f}F.Ú o:tf ceof;n] afnaflnsfdf ;Lk ljsf; ;Fu;Fu} ;fd"lxs efjgfsf] ljsf; u/fpg] tyf cftdlge{/ agfpg] ck]iff ul/g5. cfdf3/ kmfpg8];gn] h:t} b]zdf /x]sf cgo ;+:yfn] klg o:tf sfd ub}{ hfg] xf] eg] b]zsf] df6f] lrgfpg] sfddf alnof] 6]jf k'ug] ljzjf; ug{ ;lsg5. k :t'lt M /rgf >]i7 cfdf3/ kmfpg8];gn] ljut!$ jif{b]lv uf]bfj/ll:yt ljlegg sf/0fn] cfdfa'afsf] dfof ddtfaf6 jl~rt afnaflnsfnfo{ cleefjstj k bfg ub}{ cfpsf] 5. pglx nfo{ ljlegg hljgf]kof]ul ;Lk l;sfpg] ceof; of] kmfpg8];gn] ;'?sf lbgb]lv g} ub}{ cfpsf] 5. ;fy}, ljljw lqmofsnfkdf ;xeful u/fo{ pglx sf] JolQmTj ljsf;df klg o; ;+:yfn] of]ubfg k' ofo/x]sf] 5. s[lifk wfg d'n's g]kfndf s[lifsf] dd{ / sd{ cf]/fnf] nflu/xfbf of] kmfpg8];gdf cfa4 afnaflnsfn] eg] ;do;fk]if s[lif sd{ ug]{ cj;/ kfo/x]sf] ;+:yfsf xfp; kmfb/ tfgaxfb'/ k'gn] atfp. cfhef]lnsf afnaflnsfnfo{ s'g t/sf/l s;/l, s:tf] af]6df slxn] kmn5 egg] yfxf 5}g. t/sf/l s;/l nufog5 egg] s'/fsf] x]ssf klg 5}g,Ú tfgaxfb'/n] eg]. To;}n] xfd f] b'o{ /f]kgl huufdf df};dcg';f/ wfg, ds}, cfn', e6df; nufpg] u/]sf 5f}F. s'g v]tl slt j]nf, s'g tl/sfn] ug]{ egg] s'/f l;sfpg] s'/fdf xfdl ;r]t 5f}F,Ú pgn] yk]. cfdf3/sf afnaflnsfn] af/ldf cf cfˆgf] gfdsf] Ps Ps af]6 nufpg] u/]sf 5g\. To;df kmn nfu]kl5 laqml u/]/ To;af6 cfdbfgl ug]{ ceof; klg ub}{ cfpsf 5g\. c;f/df c nfo{ h:t} wfg /f]kg] r6f/f] x'g5 cfdf3/sf kl/jf/nfo{. hfg]sfn] ghfg]sfnfo{ l;sfpf5g\. cfdf3/df of] ceof; ;'? epsf]] cf7 jif{ eo;sof]. v]tdf 6«ØfS6/ nufpg], a]n'sl kfgl /fvg], cfnl nufp/ wfg /f]kgsf nflu wfgsf] lap sf6\g]b]lv v]tnfo{ vg]/ ;Dofpg] sfd;fu} ;a}hgf labfsf] lbg kf/]/ wfg /f]kg tof/ x'g5g\. ;fgfx n] x]/]/ l;s5g\. 7"nfx n] sfd u5{g\. cfkm"n] /f]k]sf] wfg a]nfa]nfdf x]g{ hfg5g\ pglx. To:t}, wfg sf6\g] a]nfdf afnaflnsfnfo{ v]tdf nul sf6\g;d]t l;sfog5. kfn}kfnf] wfg s;/l ;dfpg] / s;/l sf6\g] ;a} s'/fdf kf]vt agfog5. s;}n] sf6\g], s;}n] NofpFb} emfg]{, s'6\g]h:tf sfddf pglx nfo{ o; ;+:yfn] k f]t;flxt ub{} cfpsf] 5. o;n] pglx nfo{ /dfo /dfo{ s[lif;dagwl 1fg cfh{g ug{ d2t u/]sf] 5. ;fy}, v8]/l nfu]sf] j]nf cffugdf epsf af]6lj?jfnfo{ kfgl lbg klg l;sfog5. of] ceof;af6 afnaflnsfn] ;d"xdf sfd ug{ l;s5g\. cftdlge{/tf Pp6f kf6f] xf] eg]] cftdljzjf; csf]{. o:tf ceof;n] afnaflnsfsf] l;k ljsf; u/fpg'sf ;fy} cggsf] dxœj klg a'emfpg] 34 35

20 ofqf ;+:d/0f ofqf ;+:d/0f lziffsdl{x sf] >Ln+sf ofqf >fj0f (!% ;Dd g]kfnsf s]xl ljbfno k wfgfwofks;lxt prr dflj lziff kl/ifb\sf k hgfsf] 6f]nL ;f}of{ sn]hsf ;fyl blks af:tf]nfsf] g]t[tjdf >Ln+sfsf] z}lifs e d0fsf nflu lg:sof]. km\nfo{ b'ao{ ljdfgn] g]kfnsf] e'of 5f]8\bf /ftsf]!!m$% alh;s]sf] lyof]. /ftsf] ofqf, ljdfgdf lgbfog5 egg] nfu]sf] lyof]. t/, hfuf g} eoof]. p8]sf] b'o{ 3G6fhlt kl5 crfgs Pc/xf]:6]; bf]8fbf}8 ul//x]sf] b]lvp. s] kf] eof] < 8/ klg nfuof]. xfdl egbf kffr ;ft l;6k5fl8 Pshgf ofq' la/fdl k/]sf] kl5 yfxf eof]. a]xf];} ep5g\ lar/f. b'ao{ k'ug cem} b'o{ 3G6f nfug] atfofb} lyof]. ToltGh]n Tof] la/fdlsf] xfnt s] xf]nf < kl5, hxfhdf ;"rgf hf/l eof] xfd f] hxfh cf]dfgsf] d:s6df cfsl:ds cjt/0f ul/fb} 5. cjt/0f x'g]lalqs} ljdfgdf :jf:yosdl{ cfp. la/fdl ofq'nfo{ ptfl/of]. kl5, dfq kf] yfxf eof], pgl t ;f]n'v'da'b]lv cfpsf xfd } ;d"xsf ;fyl /x]5g\. pgnfo{ d:s6d} 5f8]/ hxfh b'ao{sf nflu p8\of]. pgnfo{ ToxLFsf] c:ktfndf pkrf/sf nflu egf{ ul/psf] yfxf kfoof]. xfdl klg >Ln+sf k'u'gh]n t Psbd yfls;s]sf lyof}f. xfdlnfo{ slxn] xf]6n k'uf}f, vfgf cfcf}f / cf/fd u/f}f eof]. lziff dgqfno, sf]ndaf]sf] O;'?kfof egg] 7fpFdf laxfg (M#) ah]sf nflu a}7s to ep;fu} >Ln+sfsf] xfd f] z}lifs ofqf ;'? eof]. xf]6]naf6 laxfg & ah] g} lxf8]sfn] ufnfkm]; ;d'b L lsgf/df Ps l5g ;d'b ;Fu /dfpg] df}sf kfof}f. of] sf]ndaf]sf] ;a}egbf lecfokl If]q /x]5. ljzj ca{kltsf] ;"rldf k/]sf Ps dfq g]kfnl ljgf]b rf}w/lsf] nufgl /x]sf] tfh xf]6]n klg ToxLF /x]5. lziff dgqfno k'ubf lziff lgb]{zsx ;a} xfd } k tliffdf lyp. dgqfnosf] t]; f] tnnf, lziff;lrjsf] sfo{sifaflx/sf] ;efsifdf a}7ssf] Joj:yf ul/psf] lyof]. xfd LnfO{ :jfut ug{ ljb]zl ljefu k d'v /Tg>L pkl:yt lyp. a}7sdf >Ln+sf lziff dgqfnosf ljb]z ljefu, k fylds lziff ljefu, z}lifs of]hgf th'{df ljefu, lzifs tflnd ljefu cflbsf k d'vx pkl:yt lyp. xfdl ;a}nfo{ crdd / /fd f] nfu]sf] Pp6f s'/f, a}7sdf ;xeful cf7hgf lgb]{zsdwo] ^ hgf t dlxnf g} lyp. To;af6 >Ln+sfsf] lziffdf dlxnfsf] afx'no /x]sf] :ki6 eof]. >Ln+sf. blif0f Pl;ofsf] Pp6f ;fgf] b]z. jiff}{+;dd tldn 6fOu;{;Fusf] ;z:q ågåsf] rk]6fdf k/]sf] b]z. Tolt x'fbfx'fb} klg sl/a (& k ltzt hgtf ;fif/ /x]sf] b]z. of] s;/l ;Dej eof] < xfd f] b]z g]kfnnfo{ ;Dd ;fif/ 3f]if0ff ug]{ ;do ;Ldf b'o{ /fhs'df/ dxh{g cwoif, KofA;g, eqmk'/ jif{ s6\g nflu;sbf klg cfh;dd cw'/} 5. >Ln+sfsf] z}lifs k 0ffnL s:tf] 5 < ljbfno s;/l rn]sf 5g\ < cflb lh1f;f af]s]/ xfdl a}7sdf a:of}f. >Ln+sfsf] z}lifs Oltxf; klg Tolt nfdf] /x]g5. ;g\!*#% df klxnf]k6s ng8f ljzjljbfnocgtu{t /xg] u/l c+u ]hsf nflu dfq v'n]sf] /f]on sn]h sf]ndaf] ToxfFsf] ;a}egbf k'/fgf] cf}krfl/s lzif0f ;+:yf /x]5. To;kl5 Ps}k6s ;g\!($# df c+u ]h zf;gcgtu{t >Ln+sfsf] z}lifs cfof]u agof] h;n] ;g\\!($% df lgmz'ns lziff gllt cjndag u of]. ;g\\!($* df >Ln+sf c+u ]h zf;gaf6 :jtgq epkl5 huufbftf, lghl nufgl tyf JolQmut k of;df b]zsf ljlegg efudf w]/} ljbfno ;~rfngdf cfp. ;g\!(^! df tl lghl ; f]tdf v'n]sf ljbfnonfo{ ;/sf/n] cfly{s tyf ef}lts ;xof]u ug]{ u/l /fli6«o z}lifs glltleq ;dflxt x'g cfx\jfg u of]. w]/}egbf w]/} ljbfnon] ;/sf/sf] Tof] k :tfjnfo{ ;xif{ :jlsf/ u/]. xfn tl ljbfno cw{;/sf/l ljbfnosf kdf ;~rflnt 5g\. >Ln+sfdf hddf!) xhf/ ;ft ;o ^# j6f ljbfno ;~rflnt /x]5g\. h;dwo] ;/sf/l / cw{;/sf/l gf} xhf/ gf} ;o #!, lghl ; f]tdf ;~rflnt (* tyf k]l/legf cyf{t\ af}4 leif'sf nflu ;ft ;o #$ j6f ljbfno. o; cy{df >Ln+sfdf rf/ k sf/sf ljbfno 5g\ egg] a'lemof]. k"0f{ ;/sf/l, ;/sf/l ;xof]u k fkt lghl ljbfno, k"0f{ lghl OG6/g];gn :s'n / wfld{s ljbfno. >fj0f!@ ut] a'waf/ xfdl laxfg ;a]/} >Ln+sfsf] h]7f] ;/sf/l sn]h, /f]on sn]h sf]ndaf]df k'uof}f. 5fq dfq k9\g] To; sn]hsf lk lg;kn lap ca]/tgn] sn]hsf] Oltxf;, >Ln+sfsf] z}lifs ptyfgdf sn]hsf] of]ubfg, sn]hsf] z}lifs Joj:yfkg tyf ;'ljwfaf/] k sfz kf/]. ;g\\!($* df >Ln+sf :jtgq epkl5sf] klxnf] ;+ljwfgdf x:tfif/ ul/psf] P]ltxfl;s ;ef ejg ToxL sn]hdf /x]5. ctogt ljzfn If]qdf km}lnpsf] ;f]] sn]hdf xfdl g]kfnl 6f]nLnfO{ ljbfyl{n] u/]sf] ;Ddfg / ljbfyl{{df b]lvpsf] cg'zf;g b]vbf / g]kfnl ;/sf/l sn]hdf x'g] b}lgs ultljlw ;Dem]/ dg} s'fl8p/ cfof]. xfd f] b]zdf ljbfno xftfleq k':ts a]lrof] egl lgs} 7"nf] xnnfsf] /fhgllt ug]{ ul/g5, ToxfF t sn]hleq} k':ts k;n /x]5. >Ln+sfdf k':tssf] /fhgllt klg gx'fbf] /x]5 egg] nfuof]. /f]on sn]hsf] e d0fkl5 ToxfFsf] gfd'b ;/sf/l ljbfno >Ldfcf] agb/fgfos] ljbfno k'uof}f. u]6}b]lv lzifs ljbfyl{{n] km"nsf] u'r5f;lxt nfog nfu]/ u/]sf] :jfutn] xfdlnfo{ To; ljbfno / ljbfno kl/jf/k lt gtd:ts agfof]. ;x/sf] alrdf vla?jf / xl/ofnln] 3]l/Psf], l:jldª k'n, se8{ xn, cgt/f{li6«o dfkb08sf] km'6an d}bfg, lkmlhs;, afof]nf]hl, s]d]:6«l / P:6«f]gf]dLsf 7"nf 7"nf Nofa To;sf ljz]iftf x'g\. af}4dful{ 5fqf dfq k9\g] ;f] ljbfnodf ljbfyl{n] vfhf vr{ hf]ufp/ v'q's] art ubf{ /x]5g\. ;f] /sd ;+sng ug{ a}+sn] ljbfnod} 5' } sfpg6/sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] /x]5. rf/ xhf/egbf a9l ljbfyl{{ cwoog ug]{ ;f] ljbfnodf ljbfyl{{ sdkfpg8leq lxf8\g klg 5' } 6«flkms lgodsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] / ljbfyl{{ klg ToxL lgod kfngf u/]/ lxf8\bf /x]5g\. ljbfnosf ljlegg If]qdf cjnf]sg ug]{ qmddf siff! sf] klg cjnf]sg ul/of]. ;f] siff ctogt} Jojl:yt kfoof], g]kfnsf gfd rn]sf dg6]:j/l :s'nsf siffegbf klg /fd f]. ;a}egbf dxœjk"0f{ s'/f, sl/a b'o{ ;ohgf lzifs sd{rf/l sfo{/t To; ljbfnodf k'?ifx rf/hgf dfq. To; ljbfnosf lzifs ljbfyl{{;fu ljbfyl{{sf] u'0flo rqm -P;So';L_sf] cgt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngdf o;cl3 klg a]nfa]nf e]6 x'g] uyof{]. P;So';Lsf] ljifodf eg] g]kfnl ljbfyl{{ caan kfop. ToxfF ; ;fgf ljbfyl{{n] ljbfno xftfleq e'ofdf v;]sf] ;fgf] 6'qmf kmf]xf]/ klg :j:km"t{ cfkmf} l6k]/ kmf]xf]/ /fvg] eff8f]df xfn]sf] b]v]/ dg 5f]of]. ;/sf/l :jfldtjsf :s'n / sn]h b]v]/ crrlddt xfdl To;kl5 nfuof}f af]ufxf h+;g /f]8 cjl:yt k"0f{ lghl :jfldtjdf ;~ rflnt Pl;og u fd/ :s'nsf] cjnf]sg ug{. o:tf :s'nnfo{ OG6/g];gn :s'n elgfbf /x]5g\. sdkgl P]gcGtu{t ;~rflnt o:tf :s'nn] ;/sf/l lgodcg';f/sf] s/ ltbf{ /x]5g\. g]kfndf h:tf]!) k ltzt clgjfo{ 5fqj[lt, cleefjs / lziff sfof{non] z'ns lgwf{/0f ug]{, afx\o x:tif]k x'g] cflb s]xl klg gx'fbf] /x]5. lghl ljbfnosf] 5ftf ;+u7gsf s]gb Lo cwoif >LdtL y';f/l sf]/fnfu]åf/f ;~rflnt To; :s'nsf] Go"gtd z'ns dfl;s >Ln+sg ^ xhf/ / clwstd cf7 xhf/ /x]5. :s'n ejg, siffsf]7f, cgo ef}lts k"jf{wf/, ljbfyl{{sf] cj:yf ;a} g]kfnl cf};t lghl ljbfnosf] h:t}. km/s olt ls ;/sf/l ljbfnodf egf{ kfpg tof/l ug]{x lghl ljbfnodf cwoog ug]{ /x]5g\. To; :s'ndf klg hddf Ps ;o!# hgf lzifs sd{rf/ldwo] (( hgf dlxnf lyp. >fj0f!@ ut] sf]ndaf] ljzjljbfnosf] e d0fsf] sfo{qmd ToxfFsf sd{rf/ln] cfxjfg u/]sf] x8tfnsf sf/0f :ylut eof]. ef]lnkn6 laxfg} s]nlgof ljzjljbfno uoof]. u fdl0f kl/j]zdf /x]sf] Tof] ljzjljbfnodf k'ubf yfxf kfof}f ToxfFsf 8]k'6L efo; rfg;n/ tyf ;a} km\ofsn6l x]8x xfd } k ltiffsf lyp. laxfgsf] gf:tfkl5!) b]lv! ah];dd To; ljzjljbfnoaf/] a'em\of}f. ;'Gg afgl gk/]sf xfd f lk lg;knnfo{ Psf]xf]/f] k :t'ltdf /dfpg lgs} sl7g eof]. t/, Tof] sfo{qmdaf6 goff goff ljifo kqf nufo{ To;sf] cwofkg u/fpg ;s] g]kfndf klg ljb]zl ljbfyl{{ cfslif{t ug{ ;lsg5 egg] yfxf eof]. >fj0f!$ ut] lbgel/ ahf/ 3'Dof}F, s]xl lsgd]n u of}f. ahf/ 3'Dg] qmddf ofb u/]sf] s'/f s] lyof] eg] af6f] sf6\bf h]a f qml;ªdf kfonf /fvg' eg]sf] s/]g6sf] l:jrdf 6]Sg'hlQs} /x]5. ;8sdf u'l8/x]sf] uf8l 6Ss} /f]lsoxfng]. af6f]df lxf8\g]nfo{ lbpsf] ;Ddfg b]v]/ dgdg} g]kfnsf af6f clg g]kfnl a6'jf ;Dem]F. stf stf nhhfaf]w klg eof]. ToxfFsf] af6f]df w'nf]w'jff lg gp8]sf] b]v]/ g]kfnsf w'nfdd] ;8s ;DemFb} dg cldnf] eof]. kmls{g] qmddf b'ao{df e]l6psf clwsf+z cg'xf/ vf8l d'n'ssf] tfkn] 89]sf lyp. cg'xf/ 89]sf], cffvf u9]sf]. sf]xl t >Ln+sfdf lziffsf kffr tx k fylds tx M siff! b]v % ;Dd h'lgo/ df lj= M siff ^ b]lv ( ;Dd l;lgo/ df= lj= M siff!) /!! -hg/n ;l6{lkms]6 ckm Ph's];g, cl8{gl/ n]ensf] k/liff tof/l u5{g\_ sf]lnlho6 tx M siff!@ /!# -hg/n ;l6{lkms]6 ckm Ph's];g, P8efG; n]ensf] k/liff tof/l u5{g\_ 6]l/l6of/L tx M ljzjljbfno cwoog anntnn Hofg hf]ufp/ efug ;kmn eph:tf b]lvgy]. pglx nfo{ Pc/ xf]:6];sf] Jojxf/ klg p:t}. sf]ndaf] p8\g] ljdfgdf ul/g] Jojxf/ / sf7df8f+} p8\g] ljdfgdf ul/g] Jojxf/df w]/} cgt/ ef]uof}f. >Ln+sf ofqf Hofb} l;sfok"0f{ /x\of]. ToxfFsf] lziff If]qdf epsf Joj:yfsf] cf+lzs l;sf] dfq ug{ ;s] klg xfd f] z}lifs j[qdf pnn]vglo pknlaw xfl;n ug{ ;lsg5 egg] xfd f] lgisif{ /x\of]

21 ;dfrf/ :jf:yo lg:6df dgfoof] u'?k"l0f{df eqmk'/ eqmk'/sf] lg:6 :s'nn] >fj0f $ ut] ljlegg sfo{qmdsf] ;fydf u'?k"l0f{df lbj; dgfpsf] 5. pqm sfo{qmd lg:6 lk :s'nsf OGrfh{ k 1f clwsf/lsf] ;xof]udf ;DkGg epsf] lyof]. g[to, ufog / df}g clegoftds g[toh:tf afnaflnsfsf] k :t'ltn] sfo{qmdsf] yk zf]ef a9fpsf] lyof]. pqm sfo{qmddf u0f]z jgbgf, zf:qlo g[to, df?gl g[to, d~h'>l g[to, nf]s g[tonufotsf ljlegg wfld{s g[to;d]t k :t't ul/psf] lyof]. ;f]xl cj;/df siff $ / % sf ljbfyl{n] eg] u'?k lt >4f k s6 ug{ ufogsf ;fy} ;Gb]zd"ns clegoftds df}g g[to klg k :t't u/]. ljbfyl{nufot lzlifsfn] ;d]t ;a}sf] dg 5'g] clegoftds df}g g[to 8«fugsf] cft+sú afnsyf ;+u x ljdf]lrt nlntk'/ wfkfv]nsf] h'un :s'nn] ut] 8«fugsf] cft+sú gfds afnsyf k':ts ljdf]rg sfo{qmd u/]sf] hgf ljbfyl{sf] afnsyf epsf] o; k':tssf] ljdf]rg jl/i7 ;flxtosf/ ;Todf]xg hf]zln] u/]sf lyp. k':ts jl/i7 afn;flxto ;h{s ljgos'df/ s;h"åf/f ;Dkfbg ul/psf] xf]. ;Dkfbs s;h' eg5g\, of] sfo{qmd lskfmu fkml eqmk'/n] ut] cfˆgf] k yd jflif{sf]t;j dgfpsf] 5. ;f]xl cj;/df jl/i7 kmf]6f]u fkm/ avtaxfb'/ lrqsf/nfo{ ;Ddfg u/l kmf]6f]u fkml lziffljb\ z/b /fo{sf] k fls6sn kmf]6f]u fkmlú gfds k':tssf] ;d]t ljdf]rg ul/of]. g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6l{sf cwoif gf/fo0fdfg lah's5] n] pqm k':tssf] ljdf]rg u/]sf lyp. sfo{qmddf pgn] cu h snfsf/ / ;fwssf] ;Ddfg ul/g' ;sf/ftds kif epsf] atfp b} kmf]6f]u fkml lj1fg dfq geo{ w]/} zab JoQm ug]{ snf epsf] atfp. ;fy}, lrqnfo{ ;+;f/e/ g} kl/rfng ug'{kg]{df pgn] hf]8 lbp. k :t't u/]sf lyp. sfo{qmddf ljbfnosf k d'v sfo{sf/l lgb]{zs rgb s'df/ clwsf/l tyf k wfgfwofks k l0ftf zdf{ a/fnn] ;Dk"0f{ lzifs tyf lzlifsfnfo{ dfofsf] lrgf] k bfg ub}{ lg/gt/ ;lqmotfsf nflu xf};nf k bfg u/]sf lyp. afnaflnsfnfo{ ;flxltos n]vgk lt pt;fx hufpg, pglx sf] ;fdflhsls/0f, efjgftds / af}l4s ljsf; u/fpg ul/psf] k of; xf].ú o:tfvfn] n]vgdf afnaflnsfnfo{ k f]t;fxg ug{' /fli6«o cfjzostf epsf] atfp b} cgo :s'nn] klg of] vfnsf]] ceof; ug{'kg]{df pgn] hf]8 lbp. k d'v cltly hf]zln] s;h"sf] egfodf ;dy{g hgfp b} o:tf sfo{n] ljbfyl{nfo{ k of]uftds lziff lbg] atfp. ;f]xl qmddf siff ( df cwoog 5fq tyf afnsyf n]vs ;'ldt ;fksf]6f cfkm"n] n]v]sf syfsf] aofg ub}{ afnaflnsfnfo{ ;flxtotkm{ cfslif{t u/fpg pqm sfo{qmdn] dxtjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] atfp. ;fy}, ljbfyl{n] k :t't u/]sf] ;f+:s[lts emnsn] sfo{qmdsf] yk zf]ef a9fpsf] lyof]. jflif{sf]t;jsf] cj;/df k':ts ljdf]rg ;f]xl qmddf jl/i7 kmf]6f]u fkm/sf kdf ;Ddflgt lrqsf/n] kmf6f]u fkmldf klxn] / clxn]sf] k fljlws ljsf;sf] lx;fan] w]/} cgt/ epsf] hfgsf/l lb b} o;df gof k':tfsf] ;xeflutf x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fv]. 1fgs'~hdf g]t[tj ljsf; sfo{qmd ;DkGg 1fgs'~h z}lifs k lti7fg tyf lnof] Sna ckm sfe ] ag]kfåf/f ut] Ps lbg] g]t[tj ljsf; sfo{qmd ;DkGg epsf] 5. pqm sfo{qmddf lhnnfsf ljlegg sn]h tyf ;+3;+:yfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf lyof]. sfo{qmdn] ;fdflhs g]t[tj ljsf;sf nflu Ps pts[i6 e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] lyof]. sfo{qmdaf6 jfssnf tyf g]t[tj ljsf;df 6]jf k'ug] Presentation Stuff sf c+lst >]i7 / lk Hdf vf]l;ªn]] atfp. k lti7fgsf ;~rfns k tfk j}bn] eg] o:tfvfn] sfo{qmd ;a}sf nflu kmnbfol /x]sf] atfp b} cfufdl lbgdf klg lg/gt/tf lbog'kg]{ atfp. k'ikf~hnldf hgr]tgf sfo{qmd ;DkGg nlntk'/sf] 6f}v]nl:yt k'ikff~hnl dfwolds ljbfnon] ;fpg!( df k fs[lts k sf]k;dagwl hgr]tgfd"ns uf]i7l ;DkGg u/]sf] 5. klxnf] lbg l5d]sl :s'nsf ljbfyl{ tyf lzifs ;d]6l k fs[lts k sf]k / cfkt\ ljkt\sf ;dodf Ps cfk;df s;/l ;xof]u ug]{ egg] ljifodf r]tgfd"ns uf]i7l ul/psf] lyof]. xfn} k'ikf~hnl ljbfnok5fl8sf] kvf{n eltsp/ b'o{hgf 5fqfsf] d[to' epsfn] o:tf 36gf km]l/ gbf]xf]l/of];\ eggsf nflu sfo{qmd ul/psf] ljbfnosl lk lg;kn k'xfdl qmflgt nf]krf ah frfo{n] atfog\. ljbfyl{nfo{ k sf]kaf/] hfgsf/l u/fpg l8hf:6/ Ph's];g Odh]{G;L d]l8l;g 6«]lgª ;]G6/sf lrlst;s tyf hfgsf/ ;xeful lyp. lghl / ;/sf/l u/l!& j6f ljbfno uf]i7ldf ;xeful lyp. klxnf] lbg tlg ;oegbf a9l ljbfyl{sf] ;xeflutf lyof] eg] bf]; f] lbg k'ikf~hnls} ljbfyl{sf] pnn]vglo ;xeflutf lyof]. b[li6bf]ifsf] ljsnk r:df cffvfsf] ;d:of eo/xg5. s;} s;}nfo{ cffvfdf dflg;x?nfo{ x'g] ;d:of ;fg} pd]/b]lv g} x'g] u5{. cffvf kfsg], kf]ng], lrnfpg], 58\s]kg, df]tl lagb', hnlagb', s'og6, rf]6k6s nfu]sf] cffvf, cn5l cffvf, ;'Vvf cffvf, Pnlh{, sghls6efol6e h:tf ljlegg cffvf ;DalGw /f]ux? x'g5g\. xfdl b]vg] u5f}{f ;fg} pd]/sf afnaflnsfx?n] r:df nufpsf]. 8f=clwsf/L atfpfl5g\, ær:df nufpg' klg Ps k sf/sf] cffvf ;DalGw /f]u g} xf].æ h;nfo{ g]kfnldf b[li6 bf]ifú elgg5. cª\u ]hldf eg] o;nfo{ l/km\kmo fl6s O/]//{Ú. b[li6bf]if epsf arrfx?n] 6f9f jf glhssf] j:t' b]vb}gg\. To:t} 6fpsf] b'vg], ysfg x'g], 58\s]kg, tl:a/x? wldnf] b]vg] x'g5. t/ sltko arrfx?n] r:df gnuffpg] jf hffr gu/fpgfn] glhs jf 6f9fsf] j:t' b]vg ;Sb}gg\. glthf:j?k eljiodf cffvfsf] ;d:ofaf6 kll8t x'g kg]{ ;d:of b]vf k5{. b[li6bf]if epsf arrfx?sf nflu r:df egbf c? ljsnk 5}g. of] /f]u epsf afnaflnsfx?n] r:df nufpg' clgjfo{ g} k5{. lsgeg] p;n] af]8{df n]]v]sf] cif/ /fd f];fu b]vg ;Sb}g. glhssf] lstfas} cif/ klg b]vg ;ls/fv]sf] x'fb}g. o;n] :jfefljs?kdf p;sf] k9fonfo{ klg c;/ k' ofpsf] x'g5. h;sf/0f ;fgf] pd]/df b]lvpsf] ;d:ofdf r:df nufpg eg] 7"nf] ep/ nufpf5' egbf p;sf] b[li6 cfpfb}g. cgo w]/} ;d:ofsf sf/0f klg afnaflnsfx?sf] cffvfdf ;d:of x'g5. ;fg} pd]/b]lv k ljlwsf clws k of]un] klg cffvfnfo{ c;/ kf5{. NofK6k, df]afon, l6el, sdko"6/ h:tf k ljlwn] klg cffvf ;DalGw /f]ux? lgdtofpf5. cffvf dfq gep/ o;n] lbdfunfo{ klg k ToIf?kdf xflg u5{. g]kfndf k ljlws} sf/0fn] cffvfdf ;d:of epsf] xf] egg] s'/fsf] ljz]if cwoog eg] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g. t/ o; ljifodf ljb]zlx?n] 8f= ;[hgf clwsf/l M 8f= lkl8ofl6«ss ckm\yofdf]nf]lh:6 / P;f]l;o6 k f]km];/sf ;fy} ltnu+uf xl:k6ndf afnn]6/ /f]usf] ljz]if1sf]?kdf sfo{/t l5g\. o;sf ljlegg kifx?sf] cwoog u/]sf 5g\. k ljlwn] arrfx?df 58\s]kg b]vf k/]sf] s'/f klg cwoogn] kqf nufpg ;kmn epsf] 5. To;afx]s 6fpsf] b'vg] ;d:of. arrfx?df ;f]rg ;Sg] zlqm sd x'g] klg cwoogn] bfal u/]sf] 5. of] ;d:ofaf6 argsf nflu arrfx?nfo{ 6\ofa, sdko"6/ h:tf k ljlwsf ;fdu Lx? lbgdf Ps jf b'o{ 306f k of]u ug{ lbg]. Tof] egbf a9l k of]u g} ug{ glbg]. lsgsl arrfx?df o;n] w]/} g} c;/ u5{. h;sf] k efj nfdf] ;do;dd gxf]nf egg ;lsgg. aflx/l d"nsx?df klg o;sf] cwoog x'g yfln;s]sf] 5. cd]l/sg P;f]l;og k]l8ofls6«s ckm\yofdf]nf]lhúsf cg';f/ b'o{ jif{egbf d'lgsf] arrfx?nfo{ k ljlwsf] k of]u g} ug{ glbg] / Tof] egbf dflysf arrfx?nfo{ eg] 306f dfq} k of]u ug{ lbg]. cd]l/sg P;f]l;o;gn] o;f] ug{ x'gg eg]/ dfkb08 agfp klg lgod kfngf u/]g eg/] ;hfo x'g] egg] dfkb08 tf]s]sf] 5}g. arrfx?df r:df nufpg] /f]u g} x'g5 egg] klg b[li6bf]if epsf arrfx?sf nflu r:df egbf c? ljsnk 5}g. of] /f]u epsf afnaflnsfx?n] r:df nufpg' clgjfo{ g} k5{. lsgeg] p;n] af]8{df n]v]sf] cif/ /fd f];fu b]vg ;Sb}g. glhssf] lstfas} cif/ klg b]vg ;ls/fv]sf] x'fb}g. o;n] :jfefljs?kdf p;sf] k9fonfo{ klg c;/ k' ofpsf] x'g5. h;sf/0f ;fgf] pd]/df b]lvpsf] ;d:ofdf r:df nufpg eg] 7"nf] ep/ nufpf5' egbf p;sf] b[li6 cfpfb}g. l:jsf/ ug{ rffxb}g. arrfsf] cffvf ;fdfgo 5 /fd } b]v5 eg] klg Pshf]l6 rfflx hrfpg} k5{. arrf hgd]sf] $% dlxgfdf Pshf]l6 cffvf ;DalGw hffr ug}{k5{. 5 dlxgf jf aif{ lbgdf klg b]vfpg'k5{ egg] dfgotf 5. s]xl klg /f]u b]lvpg eg] klg sd;]sd :s'n hfg] a]nfdf ;ff9] tlg jif{sf] pd]/ ep klg hffr u/fpgfn] leq n's]sf] ;d:of af/] hfgsf/l lng ;lsg5. ttsfn g} pkrf/ u of]{ eg] ;Dej x'g5. t/ pkrf/df l9nf] eof] eg] Tof] ;Dej x'fb}g. w]/} afnaflnsfx?nfo{ b[li6bf]; eo/x]sf] 5. k To]s :s'nx?df afnaflnsfx?n] w]/} kfj/ epsf] r:df nufo/x]sf 5g\. zx/ s} cleefjsx?df klg arrfx?sf] cffvf ;DalGw hffr u/fpg' k5{ egg] r]tgfsf] cefj kfopsf] 5. arrfx?df w]/} ;d:of eof] eg] dfq} hffrsf nflu c:ktfn wfpf5g\. ;fdfgo 5 eg] Tolt rf;f] /fvb}gg\. olb s]xl u/l hrfpsf] v08df klg r:df nufpg'k5{ egbf klg gnufo{ j]jf:tf ug]{ w]/} g} e]l6g5g\. dflg;sf] a'emfo s] 5 eg] arrf pd]/df g} r:df nufpgfn] cem} kfj/ a9\5. clxn] g} olt kfj/sf] 5 kl5 up/ emg\ s] x'g] xf]nf egg] eon] klg clwsf+zf arrffx?nfo{ cleefjsn] g} r:df nufpg lbfb}gg\. vf;df r:df nufpgfn] kfj/nfo{ ;dfof]hg dfq} ug]{ xf] t/ kfj/ g} sd x'g] egg] xf]og. h;sf] c? s'g} pkfo klg 5}g

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