What has happened in Denmark during the last 10 years? Professor Klaus Bock ERC Council Member
Public research budget 2002-2011 Billion DKK National Research Foundation Municipal and regional grants International budget grants National budget grants 7,45 DKK = 1
Finance bill funds distribution 2014 1400 1200 1000 million euro 800 600 Serie1 400 200 0 Universities research councils International activities Other funds Research institutions
Development in R&D Expenditure, percent of GDP Private sector Government
The Danish Wonder? What has been behind it?
The Danish Wonder? What has been behind it?
The Danish Wonder? What has been behind it? Citations of scientific publications (the national science indicator), OECD and BRIC countries, 2008-2012
The Danish Wonder? What has been behind it? Switzerland Netherlands Denmark Finland Sweden Belgium Norway Austria Ireland Israel United Kingdom Greece Germany France Spain Italy Portugal Hungary Czech Republic Poland 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 9 22 19 36 55 51 46 78 76 69 68 93 102 141 140 137 134 127 118 183 Top 20 measured countries in share of FP7 participation (per capita, euro)
Main events in Danish Research Policy during the last 20 years: Early 90 ties: Establishment of Danish National Research Foundation New PhD Scheme New Employment rules at Universities Early 00 ties: Revision of legal basis for Research Councils Revision of legal basis for Universities Mid 00 ties: Globalisation Strategy from Prime Minister Mergers of Universities and Sector Institutes Establishment of Advanced Technology Foundation 9
Danish National Research Foundation Centers of Excellence with Excellence Focus on people Centre Leaders Trust Universities Transparency DNRF Long term commitment (10 years), flexible funds, about 1 mio per year 10
University Management reform University act 2003 Stronger management Employed rectors, deans and department heads Board with majority of external members (industry and other parts of society) External chairman Increased focus on knowledge transfer
Globaliserings Strategi Statsminister Anders Fogh Rasmussen 2006 13
Danmarks Regerings tiltag omkring Statslige Forskningsaktiviteter fra Globalseringsabejdet Mål om offentlig andel af F&U budget på 1% af BNP i 2010 Mål om 50 % af offentlig andel af F&U skal konkurrenceudsættes Mål om antal nyindskrevne PhD. studerende fra 1500 til 2400 senest 2010 Ny Universitetslov med selvstændige bestyrelser med flertal af eksterne medlemmer Fusion af 11 universiteter til 8 samt fusion mellem de nye universiteter og flere sektorforskningsinstitutter Oprettelse af Højteknologifonden Politisk aftale om nyt indskud på 3 mia. DKK i Danmarks Grundforskningsfond Elitesatsning
Mergers of Universities and Sector Institutes Weak OECD recommendation in 2004 Government plans for consortiums with national laboratories 2005 February 2006 request for wishes for mergers June 2006 new map of Denmark Mergers working from 1.1.2007
The results October 2006 13 Government research institutes 12 universities merge into 8 universities and 3 Government research institutes Almost all public research assembled at universities
Danish Universities Aalborg University University of Copenhagen University of Aarhus Technical University of Denmark Copenhagen Business School IT-University of Copenhagen University of Southern Denmark Roskilde University
8 Danish Universities Research based Public Full time education is free Part time education with tuition fee Education is financed with a taximeter system A two tier system with intermediate(?) education offered at so called university colleges The oldest university is from 1479 the newest from 2003
Mergers Universities Partners Full-time researchers University of Copenhagen University of Aarhus Technical University of Denmark University of Southern Denmark Aalborg University University of Copenhagen The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University University of Aarhus Aarhus School of Business Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences National Environmental Research Institute The Danish University of Education Technical University of Denmark Risø National Laboratory Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research Danish National Space Center Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Danish Transport Research Institute University of Southern Denmark National Institute of Public Health Aalborg University Danish Building Research Institute 2,648 198 738 1,985 347 632 127 226 1,419 583 268 22 125 22 1,202 38 1,292 79 Roskilde University Roskilde University 524 Copenhagen Business Sch. Copenhagen Business School 704 IT University of Copenhagen IT University of Copenhagen 93
Universities by 2007 Turnover (Million DKK) Academic staff Students Parttime students University of Copenhagen 5,056 3,584 32,657 6600 University of Aarhus 3,699 3,317 25,707 4200 Technical University of DK 2,881 2,439 4,180 800 University of Southern DK 1,472 1,240 10,508 4200 Aalborg University 1,446 1,371 9,574 1800 Roskilde University 554 524 7,580 500 Copenhagen Business School 807 704 11,535 6000 IT University of Copenhagen 112 93 972 500
Not a physical merger e.g. University of Aarhus Campus
Why? No evidence that bigger units are better No evidence that there will be administrative savings Better use of national laboratory staff Better synergy between national laboratories and universities Better possibility for prioritising Size gives freedom Rankings? Political showcase
Denmark has Scandinavia's Best University Aaccording to QS World University Rankings, the University of Copenhagen is the best university in the Nordic countries The University of Copenhagen jumped six places from last year s 51st place to the 45st, making it the highest ranking university in Scandinavia. In comparison the highest-ranking universities in Sweden, Finland and Norway are placed 67th, 69th and 89th respectively. The QS World University Ranking considers more than 2,000 universities and evaluates more than 700 to rank the world's best universities. The list is topped by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as well as Harvard and Cambridge Universities
THE QS World University Rankings Institution 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 University of Copenhagen (Københavns Universitet) Aarhus University (Aarhus Universitet) University of Southern Denmark (Syddansk Universitet) Aalborg University (Aalborg Universitet) Technical University of Denmark (Danmarks Tekniske Universitet) 51 45 52 51 45 45 63 84 79 89 91 96 300 298 311 318 311 308 501 451 362 352 334 363 159 141 150 132 134 123
Offentlige råd og fonde til forskning og innovation (mio. kr.) Universitets-Forskningens Investeringskapital Forskningsinfrastruktur 2007-09: 600 2010: 120 Det Frie Forskningsråd Det Strategiske Forskningsråd 2008-09: 480 2010: 0 Rådet for Teknologi og Innovation Koordinationsudvalget for Forskning 2009: 230 2010: 230 2009: 275 2009: 1.291 2009: 969 2009: 272 2009: 900 2010: 400 2010: 1.366 2010: 1.176 2010: 509 2010: 1.050 Faglige forskningsråd Højteknologifonden Programkomiteer Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
Major funding bodies for research and innovation 2014 New Council Structure from April 2014
Innovation Union Scoreboard 2013
Feed-Back Innovations-model Forskning på Universiteter R&D i Industrien Ny Teknologi Feed-back fra brugere, kunder og leverandører
8 000,000 7 000,000 Danske Universiteters og Virksomheders Forskningsbudgetter 2011 (mia. DKK) 6 000,000 5 000,000 4 000,000 3 000,000 2 000,000 Serie1 1 000,000 0,000
Værdi skabelse Forskningens Udfordringer Værdi skabelse Viden skabelse Samfunds forståelse Viden skabelse Samfunds forståelse Tillid Før Tillid 21. århundrede
Gender Issues in Denmark!!
Nu bliver det endnu sværere for højt uddannede udlændinge at få job i Danmark.
Færre ansatte skal bære større byrder efter nye hospitalsfyringer. Parkinsons 1. Lov: 1. en embedsmand ønsker at forøge antallet af underordnede, ikke af konkurrenter, 2. embedsmænd skaber arbejde for hinanden.
The Danish Wonder? What has been behind it?
Rules for Success There is no satisfactory substitute for excellence Absolute integrity in everything Everything in moderation including moderation itself Hire the best people and then get out of their way Don t take yourself too serious