( ) 39 3-9 43-6 : 90// : 9/03/8 : 9/07/0 :. 389-90 50 50) 00...( (ASQ) (SHS) (MANCOVA). ( ).. : * heidarisakineh@yahoo.com ( ) ** ***
( 39 3-9 ) 44... ( ) ( ).(005 ). 4 3. 6 5.(009 ) :.(00 ) 7.(00 )... - Urdan & Turner - attribution style 3- locus of control 4- Julian Rotter 5- Bernard Weiner 6- Martin & Dowson 7- Eccies & Wigfield
45... (383 978)... ) 4 3.(00 004 003.. 5 (00). 6 (009). 6. ) 7.(007 - Berglas & Jones - self-handicapping 3- martin, Marsh, Williamson, & Debus 4- Durik & Lovejoy 5- Khodayarifard, Brinthaupt, & Anshel 6- Soric 7- Thomas & Gadbois
( 39 3-9 ) 46.(0 )... -. --. --. - 389-390.. - Sturgeon - causal-copmparative
47.... 0 ) 0 (. ( 50 50) 00. : (SHS) - 98 5. (388) (5) (). " " " " " "..(388 ) (00) - Self-Handicapping Scale (SHS) - Uysal Lu
( 39 3-9 ) 48. 0/80 0/8 0/57 0/74 (388).. 0/34 0/64 0/34. 0/6 0/34 0/70 ( )... %47/5 4 7 8 9 3 5 9 5 4 6 8 3 5 6 0 7 0 3 4... 943 956. 500. (373).(384 ) 0/87 0/78 0/77.(388 ) - Raven Standard Progressive Matrices
49....(388 ) 0/6 0/4 (356) (ASQ). 99 ( 48). 3 98 ) (38).(384 6. 7 6 7..(384 ) 4 0/8 (009). 0/6 0/69 ( - ) 0/93 (38). 0/4 0/58 0/63 0/67 0/55. 0/68 0/40. ( ). - Attribution Style Questionnaire (ASQ) - Seligman & Sing 3- Peterson, Semmel, Von Beyer, Abramson, & Metalsky 4- Sanjuán & Magallares
( 39 3-9 ) 50 %4/9. 0 9 6 3. 8 7 5 4.3. 89-90 7.... 6 SPSS. ). ( - multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA)
5.... 5 9 8/5 /76 98 6 8/94 83/8 ( ) 89 45 9/68 68/88 35 55 3/06 74/74 () 4 30 /8 38 34 7 4/03 7/90-4 3 3/90 37/0 34 7 4/ 6/60 - - 4 8 3/60 36/56 36 3/6 8/68 36 8 4/5 5/ 30 3 4/08 /4-3 3/97 /9 97 7 0/87 8/64 - - 30 8 5/70 0/84 40 7 4/68 4/96 6 34 5/60 50/98 76 50 5/84 6/08 60 40 4/56 5/78 90 60 6/67 76/08 90 66 5/66 76/66 8 84 7/53 00/74. (p) 0/00 0/00 0/00 0/00 96 96 96 96 (F) 99/56 99/56 99/56 99/56 0/67 0/3 /07 /07 3 4 - Pillai s Trace - Wilks Lambda 3- Hotelling s Trace 4- Roy s Largest Root
( 39 3-9 ) 5 3...3 (p) 0/00 0/00 (F) 4/98 87/90 (MS) 4355/8 848/05 (SS) 4355/8 848/05 ( ) 3 4.. P<0/00 -. P<0/00-4. P<0/00. 4. 5..
53....4 (p) 0/00 0/00 0/00 0/00 96 96 96 96 (F) 69/37 69/37 69/37 69/37 0/59 0/40 /44 /44.5 (p) /00 (F) (MS) 040/99 (SS) 040/99 0 5/38 0/00 0/03 95/74 95/74 -- 5 P<0/00. (83/8) (/76) --. P<0/00 (68/88). 6. (74/74).
( 39 3-9 ) 54 6. 7...6 (p) /00 /00 /00 /00 (F) 0 95 3 46/ 86 0/ 59 0 95 3 46/ 86 0/ 40 0 95 3 46/ 86 / 48 0 95 3 46/ 86 / 48.7 (p) 0/00 0/00 0/00 (F) 0/4 8/95 67/79 (MS) 36/88 7/56 893/45 (SS) 36/88 7/56 893/45 - - - --- 7 -. P<0/00
55... (7/9) (38) ---. -. P<0/00 (37/). (6/6) - ---3 P<0/00. (8/68) (36/56) 8....8 (p) (F) 0/00 95 3 5/ 46 0/ 3 0/00 95 3 5/ 46 0/ 67 0/00 95 3 5/ 46 0/ 48 0/00 95 3 5/ 46 0/ 48 8. 9.
( 39 3-9 ) 56..9 (p) 0/05 0/00 0/00 (F) 9/04 7/0 (MS) 56/84 737/94 456/03 (SS) 56/84 737/94 456/03 - - - --- 9 -. P<0/05 (/4) (5/) ---. -. P<0/00 (8/64) (/9) ---3. -. P<0/00 (0/84). (4/96) 0.
57....0 (p) (F) 0/00 96 40/ 56 0/ 74 0/00 96 40/ 56 0/ 5 0/00 96 40/ 56 / 9 0/00 96 40/ 56 / 9. 0.... (p) /00 (F) (MS) 47/3 (SS) 47/3 0 43/4 0/00 5/78 8304/68 8304/68 --. P<0/00 --
( 39 3-9 ) 58. P <0/00 ). P<0/05. P<0/05 ( (00). (009)..(38 ). P<0/00. (0) (007)..(007 ) - Boon
59... ( )... ( ) ()...(389 ).......
( 39 3-9 ) 60 -... -. ( ).(388).4-63 4.(388)..5-37 8. :.(38)..(38)..
6....(383).93-0 4 3..(384)..5-3 4.(384)..-6.(383)...(386)..8-73 Boon, H. J. (007). Low- and high-achieving Australian secondary school students: Their parenting, motivations and academic achievement. Australian Psychologist, 4 (3), -5. Durik, A. M., & Lovejoy, C. M. (00). Self-handicapping: The interplay between self-set and assigned achievement goals. Motivational Emotion, 34, 4 5. Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (00). Motivation a beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of Psycho, 53, 09-3. Gadbois, S. A., & Sturgeon, R. D. (0). Academic selfhandicapping: Relationships with learning specific and general self-perceptions and academic performance over time. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 8 (), 07.
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